At,On, and In Consonant Changes

E-type Vowels
a, ı, o, u → a
e, i, ö, ü → e
I-type Vowels
a, ı → ı
o, u →
e, i → i
ö, ü →
u
ü
Fıstıkçı Şahap
d→t
At,On, and In
In English, if you want to describe the location of something you say it is at somewhere, on
something, or in something. In Turkish, describing the location of something is much
easier, as it is done with a single suffix, –de. This is known as the locative suffix.
If the word is a proper noun (the name of a person or place), you put an apostrophe after it
before you add any suffixes.
Örnekler
ev (house) + de
=
evde (at home)
televizyon (TV) + da
=
televizyonda (on TV)
İngiltere (England) + de
=
İngiltere’de (in England)
kitaplar (books) + da
=
kitaplarda (in the books)
Consonant Changes
When you add –de to a word, sometimes the d in the ending changes to a t. This
happens when the word ends in a “whispery” (unvoiced) consonant The d changes into a
t in order to become unvoiced and match the word it is being added to.
The unvoiced consonants are:
f,
s,
t,
k,
ç,
ş,
h,
p
This can more easily be remembered as fıstıkçı şahap.
Örnekler
Fıstıkçı Şahap
means Şahap (a
man’s name) the
peanut seller.
kitap (book) + ta
=
kitapta (in the book)
maç (football match) + ta
=
maçta (at the football match)
cep (pocket) + te
=
cepte (in the pocket)
Turkish For Beginners
Page 1
Lesson 6
E-type Vowels
a, ı, o, u → a
e, i, ö, ü → e
I-type Vowels
a, ı → ı
o, u →
e, i → i
ö, ü →
u
ü
Fıstıkçı Şahap
d→t
Alıştırmalar
Translate the following into Turkish.
1.
In the bag.
____________________
Kelimeler
2.
3.
4.
On the street.
In the classroom.
In Paris.
____________________
____________________
____________________
5.
In the box.
____________________
6.
On the bus.
____________________
7.
On the buses.
____________________
Turkish For Beginners
Page 2
çanta
bag
sokak
street
sınıf
classroom
Paris
Paris
kutu
box
otobüs
bus
Lesson 6
E-type Vowels
a, ı, o, u → a
e, i, ö, ü → e
I-type Vowels
a, ı → ı
o, u →
e, i → i
ö, ü →
u
ü
Fıstıkçı Şahap
d→t
Where?
The word nerede means where.
Nerede is made up as follows:
If you want to ask where something is, you
simply put the word nerede after it.
ne (what) + re (place) + de (at).
The suffix –re is a very old word
that meant place. It is no longer
used as a word on its own, and can
now only be found in some suffixes.
Örnekler
kitap nerede?
where is the book?
televizyon nerede?
where is the TV?
limon nerede?
where is the lemon?
Here and There
English has two words for here and there, but in Turkish there are three.
burada
şurada
orada
here
there (relatively nearby)
there (further away)
If you want to say something is here or there,
you simply put the word burada, şurada or
orada after it.
Burada, şurada and orada are
made up as follows:
bu/şu/o (this/that) + ra (place) + da
(at)
.
Örnekler
kitap burada
the book is here
televizyon şurada
the TV is there
limon orada
the lemon is over there
Turkish For Beginners
Page 3
Lesson 6
E-type Vowels
a, ı, o, u → a
e, i, ö, ü → e
I-type Vowels
a, ı → ı
o, u →
e, i → i
ö, ü →
u
ü
Fıstıkçı Şahap
d→t
Alıştırmalar
Fill in the blanks. The first has been done for you.
1.
- Kitap
2.
Kelimeler
- Kitap nerede?
şurada
.
car
bakkal
grocer
(here)
- Araba _____________?
- Araba ____________.
4.
araba
- Kalem nerede?
- Kalem ____________.
3.
(there)
(there)
- Bakkal ____________?
- Bakkal ____________.
Turkish For Beginners
(over there)
Page 4
Lesson 6
E-type Vowels
a, ı, o, u → a
e, i, ö, ü → e
I-type Vowels
a, ı → ı
o, u →
e, i → i
ö, ü →
u
ü
Fıstıkçı Şahap
d→t
Who’s Got It?
The Turkish word kimde means who’s got it, or
who has it.
Kimde is made as follows:
kim (who) + de (at)
If you want to ask who has something, you
simply put the word kimde after it.
It literally means who is it at.
Örnekler
kitap kimde?
who’s got the book?
kalem kimde?
who’s got the pen?
biber kimde?
who’s got the pepper?
I’ve Got It!
The Turkish pronouns are as follows. These can be used with the locative suffix to
indicate who has something.
ben
I
bende
I have it (literally it’s at me)
sen
you (singular, friendly)
sende
you have it
o
he / she / it
onda
he / she / it has it
biz
we
bizde
we have it
siz
you (plural) / (singular, polite)
sizde
you have it
onlar
they
onlarda they have it
So, for example, the Turkish for I have the book is kitap bende (literally, the book is at
me).
Örnekler
ekmek bizde
we have the bread
çay onda
he has the tea
limon sizde
you have the lemon
kedi onlarda
they have the cat
Turkish For Beginners
Page 5
Lesson 6
E-type Vowels
a, ı, o, u → a
e, i, ö, ü → e
I-type Vowels
a, ı → ı
o, u →
e, i → i
ö, ü →
u
ü
Fıstıkçı Şahap
d→t
Alıştırmalar
Fill in the blanks. The first has been done for you.
1.
- Kitap kimde?
- Kitap
2.
bende
.
- Kalem kimde?
- Kalem ____________.
3.
(they have it)
- Araba _____________?
- Araba ____________.
4.
(I have it)
(he has it)
- Ekmek ____________?
- Ekmek ____________.
Turkish For Beginners
(you (polite) have it)
Page 6
Lesson 6