Sunay-Romeo Talk

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Sunay-Romeo Talk

QoE-Aware Multimedia Content
Delivery Over Next-Generation
Networks
M. Oğuz Sunay
July 9, 2013
Second Romeo Workshop
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M. Oğuz Sunay, Özyeğin University
Istanbul, July 9, 2013
Romeo
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High-quality stereoscopic
3D content is to be
broadcast
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Supplementary 3D multiview content to be
distributed via a tree-based
P2P
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All remote users to be
synchronized for the
delivery of 3D video. Both
DVB and IP networks to
serve all collaborating
users at the same time
•
End point peers may also
serve mobile devices
Outline
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Demand for Multimedia
Multimedia Content Delivery
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SC / CDN / P2P / Hybrid
Economics of Multimedia Delivery
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Establishing a Price & Corresponding Service Profit
Localization
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The ALTO Protocol
Network Evolution & Multimedia
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Software-Defined Networking (SDN)
Wireless Networks and QoE
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Interplay of Resource Allocation & QoE
Conclusions
Demand for Multimedia
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The Zettabyte Era
• Annual global IP traffic will reach the
zettabyte threshold by the end of 2015.
• By 2017, it will be 1.4 zettabytes.
Cisco, “The Zettabyte Era - Trends and Analysis,” White Paper, May 29, 2013
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What is a Zettabyte?
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What is a Zettabyte?
• 1 zettabyte amounts to 36,000,000 years
of HD video
• This is the equivalent of the entire Netflix
catalog 3,177,000 times.
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Internet Today
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By 2015...
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What Type of Video?
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How Will We Get Our Video?
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Multimedia Delivery
over the Network
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Client-Server versus P2P
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Content-Delivery Networks
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CDN Issues
• How to select a server for a client?
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DNS redirection
Application level redirection
• How to distribute content amongst
servers?
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Popular content
Rarely accessed content
CDN Issues
• Factors for server selection:
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RTT
Load Balancing
Diurnal effects
Variations across DNS servers
Limited availability of rarely accessed content
YouTube CDN
Torres et.al. “Dissecting Video Server Selection Strategies in the YouTube CDN,” 2009.
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CDN + P2P
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Network Economics
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Economics of Networks
Jean Walrand - in Performance Modeling & Engineering, Liu & Xia (eds.), Springer, 2008
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Economics of Networking
Finding the Most Profitable Delivery Framework for Streaming Video
• Profit = Revenue - Cost
• Cost Reduction ≠ Profit Maximization
• Revenue is dependent on clients’
willingness to pay for the service. This in
turn establishes a price for the service.
• The lower the QoE the less the clients are
willing to pay.
• Increasing QoE requires increasing the cost
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• Consider the following:
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Video broadcast/multicast service
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In P2P, we allow %100 assistance ratio
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Fixed price: Same price for all clients
Cost of serving a client is linear in the number of
clients
Two price models: Pay upfront, Pay when you
start watching
• QoE Parameter: Pre-Roll Delay
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Macroeconomic theory states that the price of a
service decreases with increasing delivery time
delay from the present time.
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The impact of this decrease is compounded with
delay time
Profit
CDN
P2P
Stringent QoE
requirements
QoE Tolerance
Non-Stringent QoE
requirements
Altan & Sunay, “Profit Optimizing Transmission of Streaming Multimedia Broadcast in a Peer-to-Peer Network,” July 2013.
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Localization
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Problems with CDN
• RTT is not necessarily a good metric for
server selection
• DNS based / Application based redirection
potentially causes delays
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Problems with P2P
• Peer selection in P2P networks are
network inter-connection, congestion
oblivious
• ISP economics are not considered
• ISPs can not control their own networks
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The ALTO Protocol
• IETF draft - version 16 - May 20, 2013
• Penned by Google, Cisco & Yale University
• Describes an information sharing service
between ISPs and applications
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BitTorrent Operation
HTTP GET example.torrent
example.torrent
Web Server
User (peer)
“register”
list of random peers
appTracker
ID1 169.237.234.1:6881
ID2 190.50.34.6:5692
ID3 34.275.89.143:4545
…
ID50 231.456.31.95:6882
…
Peer 40
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Peer 2
Peer 1
BitTorrent with ALTO
(3) Calculate costs
(2) ALTO Information Request
ALTO server
(4) ALTO Information Reply
(5) Generate list
appTracker
(ALTO client)
(6) Send ranked list
(1) Request peer list
Peer
(7) Request partnership from first peer
in the list
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Issues with ALTO
• Scalability & Computational Load versus
Performance
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PID: Network Location Identifier
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Distance Based (# of hops)
• How to establish costs?
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Delay Based
Policy Based
Hybrid
ALTO Performance
P2P Streaming Video Service
Kırkgül, Kökten & Sunay, “A P2P Real-Time Video Streaming Framework Using the ALTO Protocol,” April 2012.
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ALTO Performance
Scalable H264 Video QoE
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ALTO Performance
Scalable H264 Video QoE
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ALTO Performance
Inter-ISP Traﬃc
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End-to-End QoE Management:
Software-Defined Networking
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SDN
Feature
Feature
Network OS
Feature
Feature
OS
Feature
Custom Hardware
Feature
Feature
OS
Feature
Custom Hardware
OS
Feature
Custom Hardware
Feature
OS
Feature
Feature
Custom Hardware
OS
Custom Hardware
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Nick McKeown, Stanford University - 2012
SDN Operation
SDN
Controller
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QoE-Aware SDN
Video Multicast Service over SDN
Noghani & Sunay, “An SDN-Based Multiple-Description Coded Video Multicast Service Framework,” July 2013.
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QoE-Aware SDN
Video Multicast Service over SDN
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QoE Aware 3G/LTE
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Femtocells
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Femtocells
Mungan & Sunay, “Advantages of Application-Based Scheduling for Indoor Femtocells,” October 2011.
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QoE-Aware Scheduler for a Femtocell
QoE Performance
Skype
tivibu
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QoE-Aware Scheduler for a Femtocell
QoE Performance
Digiturk
Web Browsing
Download
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Conclusions
• Internet traffic is exploding. Video has
become the killer application.
• Video delivery architecture must not only
be technically but also economically
feasible.
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Conclusions
• For acceptable QoE the following are
important:
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location of content serving peer/server
link quality
Conclusions
• Communication between the application
and the network layers is important
• SDN also enables end-to-end route
optimization
• For wireless links, QoE-aware resource
allocation is crucial.
PAGE: 48

Sunay-Romeo Talk

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