SourueRsr EunopeRru

OF
JooRNAL
SourueRsr
EunopeRru
ernBLAcKSEeStuprcs
volune 1. Nunberl.
Septenber200l
.E
Turkey:Ye$erdata
TonryandTomomw
Kemalhm.
lshmkmandclobaliralon,$ltudv on the
Fotu\ or luoRme Lovaldin cldbali.ins ltrkev
HumanRishs andDenoclatiatidniddlkGh
Politics
in the European
Contexr
'Ihe
EU\ StrteSy in rhe P!.8
A Srability
Pa( lor rh€Cau.ar$in Thcofyand
- A Supplcmentary
Practi.e
Note
Notholir
Taniand
1c ceopoliti.s
ofihc BLackSer
Region
crosroadrandconni.r,sr.Liry rnd Fo'eign
lnnuences
in theCau@sur
AnAzeiiPe6pedve
Prospects
lor theFrtlre Developmentof
A FMNKCASSJOURNAL
tssN14633357
Kemalism,
lslamismand
Clobalization:A Studyon the
Focusof SupremeLoyaltyin
Globalizing
Turkey
N$! IloJr oil@Judion rr
j,Nratrion,!hi.h
To.orcrdre $n
rM or *hrh n
Td:Ln ton rll
ntlrr r.Pr$atr€
P!o.e\- ld N m
thr oiioom !m
Middh IBd ro .h
BASKIN
ORAN
!iN! ft! ao$dr ar of
!r\
rufi!. of rnq$b^.
rh{dq(,
i
NTRODUOTON
PROCrssr_S
CONC
(prc{n$ $. his,(r .onefl .nound uhjlh lh. indiridnils r I g rti
$.i.r\ rsrc! ro srLd $ btril,l r .olblve .rfi, 10 onk tu lv rlk
F(oiog of Fsl-,oneshoulJiiri.r.L rxcnb-hd polgr rhreush{hrh
ni5n muLrkJ rnlr irn) Jeiift the.onftpB b[insda( io ihG pro!$rj
nd e.ordly da.nh( thL quaificdois of FsL.
Ttu r'ae$
rrtl n5 ar,.epx
Ih( irins poi't of fh. jrtu.-s i\ r,c.oi.rp, oI n.dc oI prodtrflotr
(rlP). rb. bAi5.fr snrn lrht.{otrorN
DrJ* E!o, \lp is rcnial
Ntrhin rh boun{lni-ol r nn.kdfk(,
Th s rdr ror! rlt \rt of yh .h
brmdetr eLd, ( nr tr rtr Gnd Drrc d$etoped)Mr reptrt$ rhr od
on!. s vhr peoph .i.h linc all rorh{hrd.
s mpl bt.rs. ihr
NhoL! proa$ of so.il rfJ {oiotr!. r.dyny (; sl,o(- rh vfl lilt
irldl n[a phrc unhr its botrtrdirns Ew(r rc{ Mi,io.mLr]r* 6
o\r.ohendn;JNrogy (a:r) ct s rhe irD deolosyl.liulftd
hr.hc
iom mr gr{piDlidg.lrf
n, kccr .h. socieq lnnL bsdls undcr
ih!,{ oa vin*.Ljd irdr$
dI rli5 sroupklis..Ersy ar, if ium.
poio. up toa nen FSL o knl.lpc,1,. \d..i Thc pnxc$ in rlM be
tcelal ordd spruoglroD ihr $l
lh!oDlri$ dioidnr$!!Ptd.
th lt! mainlr ,o i$ nrt.$-likc
rl,tr(b \!$ Ihc onlt rraun
r.dLntrhtcd mmcnt slrLrh m
beqns( II5.l{s! oi rlr othq
unrqne h1re.h ltN*ledg. d '
Liin. T|l .l)urch rljerentrt b{a
tu,it iUP !!ol{.1fton t(rd,
ht.uc,nu!h [isdr bee& ftrJ.
Ne* Modcoflrodudionr Nd Cohdionldrol4t r New
FocusolSuprem.Lo|1lty
Hne r n mpor.nt o k..p in mind ih,t .v.fl FsL is embotli.d in an
in$iNrion, lhnh il*|l is rpreenrd by rh. efte oI the saidlrouptlN.
To .onaetize lhis poasq l* us eke up EuFplan hi*ory (rn nteeBl
part of *fid i ihe Otonm Empirc and, forror, tIe Reptrblicof
Turk4 fom ihe Mid,ll. As6 o lhe pru*fi Jiy (se. T,ble 1 belos).
lGl ords sprung fion th. rh6 ofth€ Drrk Asc\ dditng which
onl] in*itotion th* $capcd rh. 'l.studion ol tlt Vrnd,lrtbcks,
5 mrnl) ro ir5 torE$ L[! monn'eda, Ns rht .hu(h The
(h $s rh. onlj ei{uJr
of rh. dBpenE mrrs,
rnd
ulacd immcnscveahh bainlr ttuoughthd donation.2nd
$!. Iis dersn on rhe othcr hand, was the only po$.$or or iht
. h1 Ech lnovledse of th. psiod, ledine :nd wdiing i"
rhndore b.one lhr nrcnc.$ olih. fendr lord!
i..Il'eJr(h
{s oDly nolmal th2r its cI bftrme rh. Cl of ih. period:
n.' Du#s luallnn, rc1don poinc,l up to God s thc FsL.
wa oI .oo6e iepi.snt€d by the churh. in oth{ wolds, iht
rh. mrldphe
feu&Gm io d*cDrilis,r
mdq b,nrrndinsthe landsol the manon
cLoa.'etu^ ol ttu FsL:sa,p Hr
cY(o furths Gctu,li rh* Ms rhc ason
'l( kDsh\d uP dlil n)re o' noDrchy)
)f r,,r.ry, n n 3k,r5 hrppens
liti or in.1)/.prr ,.otr,. nJ r,,r..r -r.n.,
orhdL to th. qrd .ornss ot$. hnsdomtrn$o drbL)rookrlois the
r fe€linss. d soor rnrsd or rk
hr Nhoh kinsdon rnoilrcrLind.
trl
otioorl nDosPh{e of r
',s
n, o
lJ. \r .
JL
(L{,irlh , dr ber.yotcrrnonrrb ofHobba, do longe rtaivcd his
Bstr thc Drelsrconriondrromms(niil(m o mp ft jn proF4
ro propose r .omeproamiiotr as r FsL \('iih ih. rv,leimny
r!!u or r7rl9hclrios,ndionalnmi:rheCr\asf,nnl!bo i\]?-lr r
|tHiBNrd.upnftd, lh. aari., $ FsLqls refEfred br (hen otrd
I'c nriqn bouGeoGicj
to $,hom
lnhii
rhenronopdyoin r
rh! rsln ol(heirioi rr. n!* LAoiBdd
Mer 1917.niis o q of dross \!5 chrrhrsed6y ' nc{ \11
lonmrnnm. drr ponn.dtrpro Lbourr rheFsLlphs. 2r drry$m(
.ourrics rN experen.ed
n).
Aft]t hm ofrhen.vcnnrr trc art *irnrs ,gdrtrdreir oIr fts
l\Il inrtmrioml ariinnm, nrclv erprc$edA s'ch b$ gennll\
larr.d gLdhtrr;ior lDha! 3) This phN :l n rhe antnh$s of borh
!!ad slnsn. Nrionalsptrilfn rrlloord (o!!iLLsr 6r oy()with
rll j6 rdbure:: importn'bnnftlon in d,! (oromli moiop.ll ovd
iud,inrjon $ th. miioDL ioirory Dnnrurnm in ortntrit lde, md
f rhenion * F5L.Altrhishapprns
l'rngiir (gdtinFcDtrBcd)r8!in; rhe
saN niironit boudrrns rr onr ddr.d rtr( bou4co5c rrc nos
Ii thn rh#. 3ll {e m ntre of flhe ftw MP (fthturn
-lh.
dp,hLi5m)
od lb re{ mtrk*o &e (rhesLobe). Drs cl I Dordsc
disorder"The Fsf, $is ro 6d tui1is x,waldlrhc iDdiyrduar
bur the
gusron r (o *ho \r I repk*rr ,li. LidivdMl rt'n,in! uil!!w.ctl.
L Ok qu$ron hasr,lx 5d Ld fi
Eyq iodi!dd nr dorc ao
f(s LovrlrLn) oDe.sri lj: hoD
dn Abor xr, u{ f!d\ront
'
diftir! rt red ro *tfF(f!- ri
Thc F5L shontdndrb! ontu
nrli in$Dds lt dr{l{l rn h
;rcii.d
hy thc ct, nrell r dc
sLos.,Y,rios lorrlrGsril b' aDi
{b denrirfsj and th! FsL roonr
be 5sQL (D frrt, in inrilidua
hL/sh.l,s n?nt rL, d.tri!5), h
n n difGri, Gom rhr nn dlitr
2. rLe Fsra th{n, hI Jefi'rrilD, ur
I{]'hc r|t eijil{ N]] n,.rF|
quenioD,Proh.btl dr bat lner
$ddy,",whr n tu sodtr oI th
1he rnr*q to rhis qusri,D
,N on.,br
n.!s 60th r rhr i
exds,ve. Tlie Fst onnorb. r
chhsc as i rdsutrofr lhrnse ot
i n i d e r . . D n i ( o f F s L jI n j n r
Thtr dsis wll end wh.n r n.u.
rnrrm.. dd i.{ Fn. Ea 5! I
mor PobibL) som.50. n.trx
r. rr or ol n'ch : .n5n, ihr d;{
dne{idi .f thc .hrlsr m lh. lj
ton L.h k i8hi in r.a n\ oaTrh
Th€ resotr lor ihn x s mpl.. _
rre r1r ssred f ttis c6e br i,
ore d.YeropedoE id nthci.
for
iildri
so hlr 'oriJ$de
enroycdddno.nc! s.i[ nor so h
t'l th! t;u t sa,r tuPat)ca
cl\nr.tn!i:
I O,i!'t(-nor hroh( *n[d nr
Er.r i' lriLLrLh^ uot lootrA (* L{,rJt n on\ oDt 'hc
lrLs lolil$ n, oni r ltrir 1,, hoDdlNq *o{, {lui! g(NP, rarl i
n'd-r,
on ^bor rll. q! t.els lolrlN td odddf b(rsc rslrrl
iotr, n rhe no{ IuDJm.ioLol rll
dnc.rlr rLicd n) sclrrG{
or
d,tlnt
The FSI-Jhnrild(r hc..trh6ed. ho\q {, ur[,lt
!(Li i'N 16 k shloll rot hc tuqtt(n tlir n r i .oor(Pt
Lrrr,l!!rLh, rhr al. trrli r dcrcDJrnt e.rLn. ol rrc IIP ln ha
rne- rnou\lo,rlri!! tk t\ in inLli\Ju!|.!i be.omPmdni orf5
Suhidqan(!dtr
lLh JldriA.ii
rlr F\Ln, doJrtrp|rri4nirl
( , hd, r, i' iridun n
b( *r{n
lielsheh3!Do) !,b m.trn ()- h,t nr q,l!r LllemN tr uDqu. Dd
l.
llt F\l tr drcn,Lr ndsn o\ uniqki t.]iior
b!
rc ftrn o& r
ivlrrbr dr siic* lrr tu .\fh , ,n n h r!a( n, rlt bllo$trs
qr$non. prclth i- tlt bsr (nc r b id.nifY t t FsL ii i g vro
s o . i c n : \ h i L r( h ! ! u . 3 o r r h c '
(o rh\ qu.{iu, ir !t, lr
Thc uI\*
'N h. btrrr$s hoih d rh! sni
r i r m!. hd r ud oa.orre
L\!l(i"..
The F\r ooDdr b.5tv(
t
r
lllig.
oi
rh
rhi,g! r i r$tr or
dd drarirelr io r..s.
$de r <Dijd ot Fsl., n is n i.itrnin
-ftii(jnsq,lldid
br rhl. o 3s dr! n,odr to
trL., rLc !flr ci*
cDbtuk,li! i!\'fSL
Evln h! tbd', soN ss,ncD drnt$.ft
piobrbl!
iiill
dI5$ (lnh\onrLd br th( i.Lr ltll vtr
inort
sm(
qi\r.
(
nnnrL i, h.ln
i
ot nrl, J risis. ft dncdnD oI dit 5d.nrl c, o uiilD hh(
'i
' rr "
tr] tr h roD lcftn, ngh( m Erm\orTrl'l.l
Tl( r(rri for $n n !nplr. T]ie F\r isiinrjdn dllrt MII rnd
'
thi! s! [r m{nil dvnaml\ n br deirnoD 3
rl,r IlP tr-rcJ;
s\i[lc. A so.i.. nDt
i,'. dslloold oD.. ud tr rrrlorc no!
on.cc\p.i(n.d i nori devdop(J n'd,oa\lP Gipiiilisn) r'ill'd
(aeudilrr)! r so.ieq (hs
riiLc a!traD,idorLrm
so l.3!l roii
{ror!J deno.F.Y rvill ror so Lri.
h ar
ind so on. Coing bi* r.dm r \u
(\!rnr o
su, i ht (rsii{(!loolY
r
Pnrsdph I rblve poir s rhe rnnrior
.rtrrtrr.
\b*e r|r r$v FsL is 1 fu
qucsioDoathi5pipe n ii ldllor*, z,/,/ir,pr.,r
Lntr, rdu.n
. t 1 , . . , t ? . s . . t t ) , \ . ,u t \ , - l
a'rtJ, laus ta kllnold af r .aptnat phd!.
i,, o,l,( rorJ\. rr\ rrd no,h. cnns of Tible 1, ihat iil
hrppd,Ir.otrtrrv drr nrkcs: ransiriontom phs. LF rhrs.l
,lrotrsli i telourotr 6o,n rholc (
ndoo $rc), ir'nruck'h" rlt J)funa olplNr I (rnd i! lorcedro
sd bc\ ond ihr nrlioi nI.):
This qusnoD tr npomoi boih
r muLtnuJcoI 5im,lr driind odsde
l'licrall'! b!.rNthnn
oI rh( vJ$rtn ydrld Tlkorri.rl!
btoN. ii su.h i lirrtro, th.
aD i.rsibil,i
oa r FsL proa$ d$o hed abovc rdns n, h(
t{ otrnydx|.ng!d, ^ lhc,rd cou
raniitj,n n, r.lisior, dspdrLLr ro Irhn (,r reflnsoi Tiblc l, :
\oodr i,, phs( 2. tursdr
intu'en.eol phis. r.wshs to reiu.j)
Tbe rtn hlpodrls ofttu
nl. isnfi\rch r dcydofm(ot (
npo\\ h. fd N) r.Nrns. Fn{, rmenrioned h pnrsnrh I rbo\r,
s..ond, d,.
rhe i1l' ,leyelopncnt prc.a! i! o.nrt!&libLr
elonoDi.ih ruljirsda\5 (!h(h n'ouLnc5 r1jccl rid nr Fsr) un1
ri.uLft, uodrtw.{.ni Liflf.irt, rlr! supcrd ph$ciDd {ills.e o
n rh,t rlr sd.n,! &rlhnak$a
loNaid (rnn or ' in dn$ir8 trs
T[r rollo]v'ng$dionswll\tudr ihclnrkl$ cxpqjcn!c rnd FL
pddyPr oi in lDd.rd.vrLorlL
rh. vc{m;(d rLnc(,nonl,ihL r
uin rr\iri,n tqrsri',g r]t r
ri.n rboyt rI[r I ned,ttrr. rc I
Gcrisou! .onFun .) ord(, md
ll trr re10.Orlo ns * ihL c
l0 hiDrr te2r.4rt.1d,rr rn
(o rlt nl
ui.o niotullyLeLongs
bNd on 'h. peopL.i(lm nnr{inr
I No!.nbd L9ll. ,{6dlnL!oo
2e o(oL,$ 191r. Dc.lrror oi
r Nir.h lerl. h) i{bolr on or
tiin{r ofsh.nh r !i R(t,8
3:\rril 1e24 rL,oLnror
or rLLsL
30 N!o!rnbd ie2i. ctr\trr( ot I
l 7 r i b f l , r r 1 9 2 6 , ] d o p r oor f s
! lLrr rel6. Adopfionof krnn I
l Norcrtrs r9:.8.Abotn!r of i
FR'T C'TDTONAION INDIR $^1A ISM
TURKTY:
Rrptrb|nm n*.\
dr dtre( stras5or or rl]esm, E€Hr.
otom.n
Ln,ptr.:ndsiL fh. onlr lii.nr lounny in the MuJinr vond," madetlre
Mujft Klnal, n, rvh.m th! INlirh cdnd N,tioml ,\lrnbl' lcN]\)
(rrt$k}oi
gtrr! L! rrflrim.oaAn,itl
l'urlf) ,19 4.
D Lere 3n1lcndcd n
Tlie nrkrli \vrt oa iidlplrddE
irsd
or rh!
a,aNr rell Nnh (h. d..cn thc MikEsjrtikj (da$or)
Hi\nly (reni,n.dii l9ij rh T,'
10 Nli! r93r.Lii.i,n r,s i
ll nLrt rerl. F,rndroD d rh
L.nsnrg.(rtDnlJ, le]6rlkI
invidtuB Gieek :rnies brked br dr crer I'o{ns Ir ftn, tlr
nirirni\G unds K.mil hid illo fonshrtu wft on x $o
rtrd,
moie difii.ulr - fronri agiin$ rl]e irmGs of rl]e s hn sllph as{ell s
3saln$rhrinnqm! s prelol<sd
hy l$an6(1.'
ih. !r trr5 olrir This ptucsr w,s rd iitcg.rl pd oI rhc nr{
piotoNpcoi
undtrdeveloped
coutrly rxrionrLrn,rrduri4 sb'.h
i|r Yt$mfed elne (ro$lr th. Nl,mr,v) srov. io build, in I bsnlll
f.udal$;d! a niitun hr simL,larins
n,citmosrh{r of rhc$vtf t{iih
Tl,nrxritnn, coo(rniogrlc F5l.vA e.omrLnbcdbr i tcvohnon
fron trbova ihr lim.d, Iiis, io ddsror thr {oundltnD! .I lhc ,,?d
r . l L o . o , a f ) o r J - l. d r . o t r d o . ' r ' l k ' " I { , J r , '
,, rf
Fnr,.cd
c t"t In"
rr Afrit r910.o0.rinsof rc cNA.
,0 JaqE!! re:r. 4rt.r,,f lhc fitu coniituinr dcdaied;\oyscisntr
rNqrdridiJlr 6(tongsb rhci,iioi. Thrq*rm olrdnnnfrion tr
ba*lon r rcopl. tu1ni',i\t$i',sthc roM dcs f) .rl
hc suhanr! by .d(nion, of dr
l9 ocrobs 191r. D.cLmriotrof,hr RepubLi..r'
I Mr.h l9?4. G) Abol,ror ot rhe crliphare(b) AbolnlonoI the
Nlin(q olShrrh inJ of tuligna Fotrnnrtninsrndts rcfli(m.nr
Affrln (DRA)k) Amchmetrrof rll
b n{ Depriitrre'iof ReliBious
3 April 1921.AbolnionoI i.lGiotrs.orirs.r'
r0 Novemhs192i. Closureof r.lt* (deanhlods*).'
r7 nbrurry re26.Adort on orswnr C yll Codc.
I July r9:16.Adoptionol ltllian PcnrlCode.'"
I Noltd6d 1923.,\boLnidn
dI the,&:hi.:lph$ft:nd ddpri.n of
l0 A1)lil 1923 Pro!i!,oi of r 1924 (se.oid) coinirs,on dur
dedire,l, the relig,orof lurkev s rslim,{as dele,ed.
li April 1930.Foundaiion
of the Conmineefor ihe StudvofTurkish
Hilt.ry tdao.J;
LerJ thdr(kisb Hisdli.al sd!nq).
r$ r.L ed h ,lt plosrimn( .Iftr.
Rrpubli.infeofl. \ rmr sore ofthe Six Aiio*! (p'itrcipltr.'
rl.lulr r9rr. riouodrbr of ihc Socilryfoi rhc studr of TurknL
l.anprB! tsancd o r9l6 tlrc Turknhl.insui$nSocirq)!
lebruaryl9|.
8.", (callto poyft) *tried b be $.s
J ljcbrury 1917 Lilckm enrerd in rh. .on$ittrrion(at.z)
Th. rtpubli. *1s pr cnlarlr .ntitldi.,l in dt fiell of relisn{r
SemiDnrrll kom
cdulridn. The trun,bdofsrdcDB r rheTheology
234 in l92i to 167 iD 1926rd 20 n r93r. Thc sninar (Jr,rt i
tulrlirr) *s cloied in 1941 I'edse thff {sc ',, dort sDdens
Inere sete 29 lhrnHsip (pn]s l.ad.d $hools in 1914 ILk
tru'nb{ w6 redu(d o I in 1910,and in th.3i6e ye,r dts $hools
lrom6e criola in the
u{c .losd." Relisious
couns {erc gx.LuJeJ
r910sindqehool\rndin1939inrilLaseschook,ii
IURk-Y N r|t
d lh. sloqns hid no 6i.
.inc 6uhrD rish$ sitn*i
fundy, b(trNe of ift{nal d
.nienrro hoh t,4 r.t!, r b
msr K[]\,LAL
sT PtROD: RIACTON
Ih6e reforns of sups^iruddrc, lvhnh abo Farsrolncd the bsrcrlly
teudal;6sruture of Turkkhso.i€iyin r.ub$aniirl s,y, qusd r
pf d -r,on - TIB'. , Lr "
hr etr'onruunli..ff..'i,
eiprcsron rlid CHI Ahd'L's pdry, had io $ep doM r rhe fist ii..
eGdionsio 1950. smllrcwn politi.iad dncoyncdttu ytldin3 ro
rnd eyen pro{,ting ,h. relisrousdemaDJsdl tll. nssc\ ws mos
rewnJing.Thn piorts .in b. bieflysumD'ndd* fotlows;
]\lr.dl ii l94ll, the TheoloEScmhr hd kope.ed in Ank{1i rd
r,,r fiat,? cou!*! lesbn.d in En.iries.
Oneof the fiAt J.drons oI ilE n
'rh.
b.ing lomd inidcquda, *ven relr
hntn Hatjp touKr
in 1951, rh ihrcc y.ns or
IndhtHatip s.hoak u*e roFi.d
se.onnid(gndc)<h.ol,n'l lor l.rn ofsmmmar(hish)$hool rlr
fumberof ihes shqn\ wd rc rtach20 in 1960,70in t970.Ii 1960,
sirkwsc admift.dfor dr iK tim., ilthoushl. hh women.xnmr
Fo! rhe ins rim€ ir 1973, th?s s.h.oh *eit excl.de,l lroD thc
.,t.soiy va.atior, hish lthooLr', ,nd ,hdr smduatessere thererolc
pcriiiiied io end rll bEnchesof rhe unive6itics.Thn !r ro Pro!. Io
Eern^ b.crusen w:s
be6c naN inpoldni ofdlanti.rcvolution.ry
rtligiotr3
mutrteFdte.
oI
lht
recreaftD
or
rht
the bcsiniing
114 0f rh. *me .onqnunon
D and ft
Turlnh L isu 3r
n d ) m o i f L d 1 m . , h , nr ! r t "
c.n.fr
E,rln
rhe hsd oI
ident, alur5 re.ned $Yml
hs (h. dord b prt2.h wh.
ehrertu he h3J tu D rh,t
i5m.Thisws trnheirdofuiril
P2mPhrc(con6ioiirsvetres
of t
a) ilionmentllrs obedGn..r
i'm pLi.
r rurJ^i pupur
daftntalist KDrdishscO., oi
inrt ih3 P(K, lhe (hen) Mr
lr mosqus sft
npenfd ,n
n4Lant. at FrtiErcusA[[an: tDR
! rqco, rhe bldss of 'h. D
inrrsiotr rr a'pNed rhr oI m:
rlI' mA lJc- rhinrhruf.hc N
ofrt€ M iBq of,hr rnknof, rhr.
u!i
$c 0irtrrf I ln*.} irc krn0D!11
rlt iutui
h \ ! . u . u l r i k ! ' L l L l . o r n r s Ln t r \ h t r d
rcr nnR
ds ofh{ rtmi {hr us b(ltrr o{ rlr
k.Dri5L. 'l[ uf
f,\ rhr im( rdo td.
rirrkq: s(otrd, JJ
norl
nioi$. Thc grtm s foL rd tr I d,!
hirF;i
rE r k\ rlt Yfl.rdL!(
r.fti{ no!.natr otr rtk Dr. \& t(.,,riitrx). ind (trdnr rp.yr n
d ontrrnnGko Ltfrr*)o, nr orlkr. T& pro.$5cor hc {Dnnred
runpurnr rhnNsho{hrsh{tiool6r
rlnn rin!,
!!i!f!!n(J
deiri nrr Nn
dc iir knh Hrolrl
' r . . h .
. i
r5hnic rl|i Trd,\h (Ecnr rud,'irnr)
I drrr((
r;Loqrl Ey.n. rh! hsn ; rlr r n \'lo oloiurll,! b(one
prtir(oi, n\r,\
-Ed ${n
\.Ais !t rtr(
spr.lhs 1rr!rJo(Lr n, n.!r!h Nho.lri int {i!fd(
tr.oulJtn, h3,k
dnt pni!tr\r di!i D.ltrdrjs J!furLrios
rrr.ln Tt$NrtrtrturJ
ol un dDirsod
rrnrr,r.alonRm n!!sr$
; r]lr Kdni o!ih.ro.Lr orrr! ftopL{
tulnh
rhr6
i! liudll, porLLirelrru!
tutrdrtrf.Lrtii (dJrh
r$i{
rlr PK(. rlir (rlrdL)r1trr\
op.ftd h pndi.illl
Diandt
ri.r {dc.Jni .oD$rtr1]
HLzb,{lhh, r rc g0$
y.,s {frotrq1 rt Lgtn
oi F.ctEnr \L^
lDt1".1)
r! reeo. (h! htrngd of r|t Dtu\ hrJ FrNn n] rnpre.edanai
n 0({lg(J oji,if $ orc nr,
rirlrrm( rirsu rhanrhn oi rh! \tnrnri! oaFor(gr,1t!^. h,i!c br
rDLliLrtfim$ rtrolrtr rli no
r ol dr N{i'Nry of lh.i\m- .md
Dr lrdN$ ud lhd!, !\ nn.\
orrh(\Iio{ryolLrhNrrd'lsodrls..trri('lhe leer
Rkr rDrsr
rl
oa fiv.
[trisd of rhe DILA srpreJ
(r;rcsr]: liiou. r
tiuL !.n'
lr6ourk!, .niL Totr|nd. k wis is
'L\\'.
lrn.
!l
k liilh*.016,
dr
rlt Rlpnbli., lh. Con{nmimiL cour r
nre l,LinringO.sintrjln. rod dl,dt.!The budgn ofrhc DRA his
llpinL nnL rrDlLiDn, rl,( r(n rtrtrdr lii,LE 1000 brds.L nvn tun
tlmls rhr
diLrbotrrld Soln Sc.fi!,l.l
rD$ ftn orrhr\lran!
oa rh! \1 nnh d For(r! om d i hnf r nr$ rhil or ih. Ilintrq ol
fhi
fdkigr ,!lrir, r,d 1.1 nm$ rhr oi ihc viDnh d Jnbor.
2 , n l e s r r o 3 4 , 7 1 7i i ' r e s N ( i i
j3
h<us!
nu!o'), rd.l'rs or
h 1s99.i)trr. vn! Tri,lLr nonl!'$
no!tr- lrk bniLre!{f rsl (thi is. oD. tr.ry r\ liouis).' Thl
(oruD (ui5s uorkd
ot htiilji)
kilold Ln E ya{s
nfnhi
irh l-j,i)00 nudlii! lrD ihL sm!
J
L
o
i
buLto*) 5ii drr)' nr 19e0.
i a[ohlrr66.000 oN{h!l\$
r
\!!DLhr[n\ !r b]*$B
d in
Th. D|u n\d !d rr r \{f \v- rh! nDndrjoo (TrrAirr D,)?d
rdfn$i n)
rrt )ortrrisrki
holdiDs\,trnh b$iDAr.! !risi,'g to
dfnron
llrm 6lmmrkiDs(,t
tu rourdrio Lal9ll blm$.5 r'i o*dd]7.:100 p..$ oi,{rnre
rion]s!!n
nulh !\assi!J
r l rlle DRApubLL.lf,leLrrrJthrtd. frrnr dosqra trd. rLrcrll bf I
n)
r
rDr p{p e shq,ld hc p bqL't $hod|l trnn [os8ils Lrtid.
o.bbr ree7, n rLd irou,.!d rlrn. I ortlu ro aof ,he crorlNrr.
ed toD rhe ioud\rcrko dr .iLr oi. drrof
rlr {fl nrNlJ h! rdtu
mo!,Ld r rd, dr{ r,Ll rl,I in rhesfr le. Do5qulsnr ?:tr, ntudd be
doo( hr .Lmbirg (he 'nDRt, ul
prtr\d dJs\ k, rhs,lir l\olqnlu.101)1) lu\. isdo.d rhtr DRA
,
, " b.,, ,,. I"
.onaoing rhL obLLgrrcnid DL,bi,,tu !rn(cD r(Di1ri,r
otihr DR\
rh!
For rhr Kr 20 0, rh DlA d(Lakll it plriicJ o rilN
pr{DDcl
nl
r0r.r)l,l\
rtl
tbr
nm,bt
ol
iG
,0fh0 of nroarLEr
n,
I€n!
rlurc D$v rhntosy ri
duons rt'c pdod t9r0 9:t Ih
lo\! o jl] io 1996' \Id* oi
8o,qnm.n iobs tsre.rLl\ D
hrao4 in$eid ol6Eo0i'rs p.r
brve orocd ntrdedi dormnori
b,B! ries,rvnl ft o[],s.i.)n ii
$uJqns n, noy firc rfr( r dr,
As I ruirccirtr dt lrionitisr.ln
iE(.rr- d th. (orqnj! ndd si
co0pdnion. Th[ ro fl si5 r
ot ihe rvdtur,b'rli oldf (he Nl
thr ann ckrtionr rtur rlk tesi)
reser hc dal n r99j) ftr! rh,
Tu.kel nr $e omidt \ond br
Ronomy riJ IiDrrrt droqgh ((
th( ri\fij r
nr vor d Bdk
ruk.y i,otr Ltline
, q
epi0Lhcsin ro itN irr, (p(.iatl
hr{Ifuo6' o7.'] bloughl k r,
ttr4 tu I idrlj$i. ler!1,ihe tit[i
:.d ,( hn.lidat .reJ hi n a\3ll
sd trsbr,nifgdxPotrs. L.fgc T
pn( .dfLt i$r$L\c in,,&mn
md h.g.b 'o makrhtrg( Proft!.1
ndbErrvnhihcLir'[!f D$yr,
rh. liha tDd,ljft nft b+rD i
rtrqsr nrs r.lkered NrJr (
hsntu ntrrdlls sxs.t! Jdfoy
s( .otrrrft so.itrll\ A \rli N I
Llcrs urh..u!t of bdnrc Ar I
h!.ncrj- propo(ion:t r! ihc e\
oL)."A5iDcdrr JnrLL]LrilD\or
or r fi\cd.in.om( nnn !0D
ubr $?61! .oftrpbdo. r rdD
]*urqthrti
n.{ u)Losr icnmJA rde oretd in th! mrdtrr$
Juntrg rr,r rdud 1e80 e.l Th( nu rt ot rx,D Hril hisl, \ ioob
hn(D4 sri',r d h..onu[ prrlr
1|t ntrR
{FlnLlr D N
hir. orcn(J fld.trr domnics ill((
h'! drl6. \r[ dr oL]lLs.tid n' snls ro .o\s thln hlnLl u,J l'r iL
irL(oi!1o pnf 6r'no6 i,]rr u,J {ri(Lv aollow!h( rdrn'ls
* I ria<r or oI ni,!
{b(rdio,
r, pntrn
polilr (rb!!tr). lrk+
ohEDL
rhr r9:0s hiLl hno oD! or 'mron
1Lr dnt
botr.s<,ii!( lgudn drir'
trr (!r'r[
' ' ' ' ? '
les0..\Trsd ohL. rlr
o r i , . " J A l , , r d r l ' o n i r t h c N a r , [ d D e p r i m en i o n i { i D l 9 5 j r t
d r r r , . L { . o f \ r r r ( t h t L 9 s 0r o
d,rDni'nnIplerrldr.r^ttur,ou,
l*r; rf Jjld ir re!r) T
\,'J
hr rJJon) ift
dinLt ljb(rLtuig rk
Tu.k(. io rh..N{i!
.
r
ilr
!lo\! spt(lotr
of
thloush
r.lnl
nl
!
t.!iDr,! rd tiorn.c
\
i
i
,
n
d
s
.
d
k
.
rli.l\lr irlrh.
'JLlk*
rrogD
!!o bdlt
I
n!!ir fn of so[]lr.oro)rc5
jn
odln5rJ,hnn'sh
Ioricn,lrrd
.4in hisr n' il,rvri. spr.nll)
b i*Itr rh.iltrc oi rr( Driod otr $!, (Tr!n[
inL$inrrn\ oi
'turki\h
tbdoi,v b!(nL: nof! qD,rdnLr'
Lri) n, r rurlrrr l.yrL. r
rDJn,r(rL.n(nl,hlfi nlrili
proled tu h(
${[ tr! t]oonLrB!\port!.Lrg. Trknh Lo dj',g qmpu*
ihn,J
rs
lrB|
toi(dL{.tr
!{tid5
ise$5nr !i obrD
rrrnlJ!,
kro
Ir{
{}
.iJ hlsro ni nil( llfgr p,oi,r. $\t litL,lk |flP orilt
(h(
or
i',
B.ilkitrrnJ(lLnlBL\i:
ldd.n nre! tultdd uiJd o^l\ no tir! Do,o.. L,.Nr!fli xrt
biild \
li 5 n!trgllr Jsto\td snnl rnDAr ol-rLs n ini n,oor
'lE .Dnr[ n)!i.]lL! r nlll r tlo
,sd !1 L,rlore.Ar dr 5.'m. ,i,rt. i' {iof 6cgrn n) r*
llrels
in\6ar rn}nfl lDil h th! olrJoppi',s nht ot ihr Tlrknh L :
j'npo\rtrhDrcni
arl)-,\ri,ronr.L{ihdLor*DAt,&liii'.".rdE((
r sootrbcsro n, Pd l[rJ L] rnJ I u rn
oi r,! ti\rd in(Dr i
rn'l D! l5
Ln prtn.rlr'
trnbclLllrhLr(raqnor, in idnni{c.oo
Jsenas r|.
riE Na t
or o,lisr {oni,ni.! xnn Poln$
ol
rn(nij,r, Lh nsr sln.rnc to 1,! $Led l5l3frtri
kt,',ri
|artd
i,l \a tro( i oqr thing ikosdh{ lr sN fti htrid of iris
TlN.r
re6e. vh(n rroftli' Nco d, Lrbrkan,xlso I nrn![ N/kr,bd&r',
6L& n ol fh. UnronofChtrmb{\
"'
n
' !
.,
o .1 lL d'
qrN rlt inisdromli\r
nri.dtrlL{tr Hcrv} l NrrlL.rpFoilu'd
iotqrrLo l
rdvo(td
,l\<ntrs oi l! N
d Jd eoiq io t,! l,'
r.Dmi.o
l
'| "
or'l
d c\Pcdrl|I S di Acbr tr{e
rL,Drished.r;n, [rrk! i;on lr]i
n, oD.nc io Turke! lrdoNcd rtr[ soDc rP.tirLfrlilc8s
isirtud
;h- f*k.l
6riks ,lid 'd .riof TL.t *ci. so. n, b. i..u\",] ol
hlr& moi,) nd oi nnin.iDF Idrnrt orsiDldo$
\i,ir$rhnB
beginro
\{.rL
h6i!$!rd,ironinnLJLlm.lium,\irolLinoro5'
rr iod rdb:dournil\ frs tlje kalm d idrLsr tidr, uotilrlti las?
rr
B of (EDbuL. Tlr$. Ar"
.rEra oi (lre Lrsc lDlLlu.omp
',:r
,.. o
l, L
ltt rlso
(,tlodarion ot l eFenJcDtliJLnr n ns rn{l Btrlrsintd
I.ooo.c 671 btrr n5o blFr Io firc[.. lshnisr orssnDtiotr. 'id
.,mforta i !trdeniJdotrkt ( ln rni.u!t, oD<Ddniof dmrnnruts
nrfi! d,s! vn1 r tut hLJ'nl!lilt MUIIAD .,14,b(!n. $c Piniprl
rhe
or rtuk$dr E 6ik1n5 ftLsotr5 n'nJmonaltu Pnq
{rpo(ir
,\ vs\ hLghmrt ot ioiudrl NgrrtioD lrhi!t P{..Dt odrvmse. nntr
o aot fdrbis !b li[e l!onhL]].u
hhdrrurl
;h! 5oorlr$a" i{, htlpal rc nitd,h t P{iod i rde(
rilleY
rrourirh.
T[t
liitLoriar
ro
nnnhnt,tnL$
n!diudi tor aLi*ioL\
*n!
ni$( nc;ioFl ibo!. (Iooflr{c li) h sorknl sRi,\ rtrd lhr
'mpor$in,cd D$!$, i|!, rolcmLl arding io u rN $er rqrdved I
(i,, rmilulr, d!(. mi{rLotr lv.hrnntLr) b.gin h
\i!{{Dt!io!
n . r rhe r)did {oir nnd
nDinL( lrLtru.\ lhc oDl' \ur i,r$l
lr n{Llt mrJt !'rofesor [rhibn
ih! ( . ora<DL,iiDiso,dnnrrrrlune ree6
Hft n n rnin'Drir. n) iore rltu th! mrotntre nut nJdr R.itir
{,..$. p-nL,L. n.,, slo,g!\ rircdcJ i{o v!r,\ .Prorn( sids iD
rni
al!,p.'s l'limin ir|g
\lorknard (,l,r,ar,, rrrni. A\
D\'rJiind r Klidab iri,rnrn
ihrr,\ d.!hr.d irs.lIM,.,N
rcD
lr4dr\ Dai,, stos , .trn o(
n(rtsrur m rhconsotDs
f.otum
dliin.d n h h,\ srcdr trmt_ ,'^
,!J ih. p.ee ol nii ol rl,! \i)
lnr in lhr sensiLeleniotrs
or D
cdn df ih! aores rrd, hitt!
<dr$i.rr rr iitros of rsni (rl
or(Di
lror rm$r ui Jur, '
ci,n5 ysc i so trs Drtr$*5. h
0|r;,,
p.!dj nel,r lurd r
Tl'slroc rrrr;i$\N
* r hid trdd ihc Nio
(dL
rr ror
*q! invn.d b hr.ik rlk JN dl
bonour r nrim \lrrrcr f6rtir
.heih! 5yDbol. ofti.ii,r!iliino
o, hurnPrc Gason. rd,/t
6r6liJhrt tr dl K.iift ! (:.r
oIpo!( j\ e Jr$tr liiNk. oi
:in D $! i t{r i m{}
(R.r I
'M6tiDsst
(,t kclP no rr, src
&ram r n,nar'ndtf
tr Jnom(
vioknr {r.d
irrit.srion,
$ppdrt(J \ rhe qoi(ls rkt d((
raitritkrr
0krn $!r' fro,n rhc
ldhs
n.t/, h(nLfiP! n. \!h!D
n og ,r ,' Jdtrsrcn Nish. rlE
rin! ol ihc\vr{{i
rtd eLtr. u
EhnL. r@o{
r!ad{s. R4;/r,s I
\lu rs mJ 0"r,,/r rr,', ,u.i,\l'lr n! ror! |\rh (D.ga nt ft,^r.
Dtliti ird ihr lididi5LDridn{ I
Litu \ lhrp mNfior n) Illrdk d (o h( *a rrr
s- b' n [trd
$rlr i\1.n\i{ Ldunr uriLthr Lre leri\
rl\r.,lrtlred
n!,r/t, nrin iLos!. JNr O ri (rrl Dlrrl4. Prc!!{l io be nrr
{rcstu n nrc q,goira(onrrj!, !o.d I rrditjoL!nls trbiknr
Jdirci n ' ha grs, hNk.I^' I
nd mrrovuis,!,j iuss qu.rLi
.nrl;nnr
tm h.ih nt (rfoFl! !$(
tr
r:
r!g,m.rhrvouLdbri',s
mFln{rJ
Pi$i
nut r!rcr \i\' x4" -ik
oI
ihr'GonlrD
ol
fd
rD.Llh.ratr.
l
' r - - ,
o ,
I
,
,i
.,1
( d , , | t r o
i l
iDbn
oD
ol liru(ill(
<rdr, ini
orrnioD rjoknrdn uoijr lur' re
!n$ \{(
rLo n5 s(o1,rt5, r,J rh. ihnd |Ug.{ rfls nrrd! v.l
kDn , r) 6! i wr {rrF imrth;(
oG D rdkf, R4ir, ot'L,l (r ro
mqi: n ()ulJ orl! sDulft n,i lsL.r
Th.?,oic rr pr\ !l\, lpDdedb| i
rno. k,ntrlL$r \.\
rorc i', r h*.t
r r l|d voo ih. iio,ri
gN$
oarlr!
r!
k6rrd onhn'
5ht
ls
unk(Nn. BorJ.d rdtu.hr'.d
r
tr
L,riq's
tlrc
fr(
of
Rrm.&n
rvor D\tri r, hrsr
3,r!n | ltr
d- .-.
rhdn i,rnt
li. dhlnlri.ogtrtr'or
on DoliinL( oinnor\ R./nt: lrnou5 l.rde,s inrJr d{L.Yn,'n!
nNh il; \hr[ioq ior rll l']rit n iJonnl vith rv trs for ih!
s n b L , h D d r o l K o E n Lo! r d { r s r \ u g r h i t h r o a F n o t ( r . m r n J r !
J L'iBLLi]lr.roflrlr tr nd ri
ot po\( n,lt Nrlo [ini(iJ urcdln
(R.t
F.dos.n.
ntr\ur !i kiubul)i T!trkrf
rih r kLt hr i Dutr
n,o d rD\l rt boinu\ ro n,! hu llLslnn hrtrhdl s B! r:
'\1'\
Dn +oul,l lkp trrnurtjr!.J, giuJ-8 in.l ht!\rhLL. \rnrFn'
'TLil$ s ,loon(J LlkeAL8(n Th. qr$ on nor $
ls in n) -frar
i
$ . n h { L n i n L { l l . o n c \ n . o , l , L } , ' r b \ h l o o d n r ! J( E r b r k r r )
id's or n,( rDL rnl I r v{c htr]
v,,,ldr {r(
nunli$
sDr!rtrJ br rhc \trJr r,J Jtnls oi thN lotrl.E \\'hor r !u,rg
[r
Fr(\ DNn6{ hst ur r *omN il,trorlai r to tr of T\r oD{r.
\r qr rkll nrm rwr\ f onr rhc \!o! itd ha sircD r lirtd t h I
tro trr Nlfit md,nL||liq q'h(n.i dr\ tr non,{rt, \$ r(-ied ntr
iio nt
Nshf thl lnrn roulJ l'. rir!{!J
nriDs tr r'ls(*L.n
- 3 . o 1 " o . r , . , i
l!L.n' I krtorn lader. n.trtJ m
m., fh( D,,on ot tl(
lf rht nu
nJr.,ofrohn,nrLr.nl.rnduicoIrL!ohoLLtdtuk,rddod,eorhdro
qDrlJ
n, lnqui$
of bfrs nrm.h
FLnsrrr rmDorrnLppqr^ Drtu1,r,
T l , ! r ! l l , ( r s i r n nn r r l n k ; o r r c { . o m o e d b r l h !I n r n $
\Er imprt$n!: 9i1 rirft s.h,Ds
j,000 prYre.otrtrs. rrr ndjo dr
.i titL,!. dolL6, T trBe hoLdrs
Dlr 1,000 rrden
fourdrnr\- in rnli,Nn
ru,rl.( oi dli rfrns. 40 pLoyin.nlsoun,o \ l,,r'1. Ne }\i\hm
rqDJ r00Jird gourb
l4ul/.,r]. r
rn rtD ili,rj - run,,n \ n.rh
i.lotrlell nr\rilll(dll rnr(ntl!
no\ rr{&l rc b..on. pro!ni
ro(,1,r,d trbi[u hrJ 6 grlJ n
rr \n,nrz oi rh! <Drrr!.,\\
orlk' r.m(. |!!'r\ !)!rl ,
'rrnn Lr' rnrrj D\r) rrLl a
f. /r,r1r (Ddrosr,! rm[!r I
ti\ttl \ ,tuhttire
ltrlL rr
n,.!. ,,n.!r r{r nL t,. rtk
Ilror o!,p( D rrl qr ol rrkev irrtpcFd.ll
rr d.roroen!
h rc.n5 ot Trbc L. tn\
im! re$o r rirklv go rg hrll ro kio
i n, Dr,r5! .l llrNsl, r Kdrrlii rloluiotr ton :bove Nnho,r
.lorck h!
t(!
!g r fun ilnor {r(. NoN ff ,t h* h.rr
nr
JrrDicoir,lue
I, io(Lnghffb Bo bevord rlr! nd ofr*nc. Tu*M
tjlr' il
!d(
r i $ ! ) a f J i n a r o n ' l n n D k n Rl l l . k v r d J t
plN I iid cspoulDsihc$Dc ai ll\hn) $rh< hJJ tdt 70l.x rgo.
'fh.
aoll,Ni,,c \<tiql
nicPtur$on ol [rhrrJ!iitririr]d'f
\ i(ur{! n}ntrk.,,
lt! * o l\ 'hrD gl, '.
dkn!(
bp!r\ rr mfl ire pi
trL .! !,,
urn, t:L{Ni s 1* F\b r.(, Lr!|.t
. d$frr J tu/ir, lnioL rn(D{n
n I'iJ h!!i rrenrrkJ is.,i'\r., Nln
os& irrlrcosin
lrrcq ( r.l
IUR([YATTIRIIBRUARY
T9T qUOVAD 5?
\r rh. bc$triD8of rsei.Kininn
d {hi!L \ra{lv!n hr rh( oilitn. Tl,r Nno
Lr{r!r!\,nr\
, L ,f l i r r
ndldni, thc ruob{ of rniinr I
nlonnntrLi,fn r\ ri r Jnr,ffr
l s{!.u
rnd
cotrtrdl, i
rNo5phft idJ rlt&l .Itr (R.it)l soEnftn
o iikc irpnprnc
r-5ures r, {or rlt p.olifemrionoI khmin adB ind to rprl. ih!
(.ri n Li,s (r{L r!11rhov(l .\rilrthn 'ldtuorD, (rhi$ [rl rn ]lJ
r,5$
rs rrim! m;nu) l$ n5u.J, rlt,nltur!
llve r crie! oI
l.rdDs'b,1,( For j', \h,J, i!lisou\ tr ,J1NDclnn \r$ Jtrlir.d dF
oft oo.c.nL n,rkrb ilnr. Nn,
rolni.. h naDrJrre\.rf mi.tLk r!. tr
5ii]pr
A I|'. (jh
of |l,d!L|3
oi
$ous ,, 3k.{ mrfiN !t dr rnlnr
rt.,nLoab.hs d.prired!I rltn l.s
r,, rh\ u l \n!ri,rl
iN(Lus
.tr
trtr ie lupFned: L
!in(h lrll(d.\p{klll, rrlt.iot.f
r lrr)i.nmrl)6(rN C lir
pri'n.Dirrer rn,pLrlred i', rltolno
I'rJ rr\ rdlJ
k, [(rft
d
L
,
h
k
J
,
h
frcro$|.
\rd ror ur.d ou $ dr( N, rrtrd
trtla,
5o.i.,l Jononin( Datnk',titt ,t tltL
D,Dr{r
LtL
h,r.
D5D
trDdcnlo,trk\ .of-.?ri!!
lruNoi!
(o(,r(nr,
riDl,r Lrn, bTl'}. \vih onnl! n,rnort
t,|lr
n"r
!r/r rhirn lfoDLlr R(puhl,-d r!,..
ror slkn\
c,r/,r,!,
oi^itrLi*
CHJ,),rh! di f*\
r,,l $e!n l, f.on 'li! $liLh, !r fld r r, .! or i n tu,rdiDoniLtrt
x\m(
k t\pD irnr, !, iD\(
or
,ls\!r.uf{5Lo(Dgl!r-lolrliktrLfo{s,nJi.'!.nr&i\r,nn
N.n,orn ELlrrhd,i qf.r.r
rr!
rrd d n, r covsm \: 3od riDLLr
tr{\Lntr\,
rr! runhu !l s tl, l
rcdft
$00 br l9e \ion
$]
D,ponn d r . [r\d!i
rortr! nirr nAr r k,a otrru,
nr,0iiL,r\
fn.l r.!! r.i,n.r
r,lu!.,iu,.
$ ruq!(iJ
n nir N.norr
i,, \1.,\ 1.r.r-. rLr Pro*ntroL cflrrl
oi rlf
(nldnoa,{nk'
R . r L b L ,1! , ! I i [ J i N t r r r i r ] i f I o t r r a n i '
d,! rl*ur oa ndr,..ri,q lrf.oDs
r T L u l l r1 i, J r s h r p \ | i l r r u L l L ) h . t
r l , !f r l
h{xrlkfntr'nr
rh! hiJ Lio rtunprJ jNDn r por,r.trlptr iiL i" li,sli r4r, q'
' l:ilrr
re rs br tr!r,ri i od i\t
(i.Ll
uirq,nn
l5l.nir Jts!r,n in(ldon\
r lrnor n
rlN! no.. nrlit*rL D rr. \\1i ih! uoiLDpr{lJqd
D , , l L n!ai \ , N l ! L l ' (\ i r o n l - l i g . h N . r i r t , 5 ! !r l b ! J o r l i p n r n r
siorpLiI1lr <iLl, d frodd r oi rlt n n,r. Ftrn, r Ns \vnLd\
Irltl(
, r r|t n idv l]r,l h,
6r-L r i srer or orln oi rr( ri
n ft rn brn! ,ltr LRI br.r mvo'lcd
rr,arrl,. r sort r' !i lr,urr
ri, !l ,i Lr!,! Llrprr,l orr|rtr l.{^htr! ruNrii$ hrn4,,/f5,d.
imlnr. Tl'ur vs: LiIg. <)nsctru! in puhLt opLniotritroutihc
inr
se.ond, rlt
lnrry hlidgtd iilLi', rh. rrcrFr qstLJ hrpnlir!n
,.idi,r {!rrJ L)r lsl.Lnisbhid.a
tf
rdnnr pitr{rcilr nomnni unil JrunJ r99j fft ercr mjrin
(JuqLqLpeopLeni nE hrs( dii.s s,iir.d ro qsr Aniink hrJg$, i,.r
d
knrlk
notrni n, rhc r a$, org k hrse publicJcndDlrrions
lork r Kenrli$ rdoduoi'
(onni\. \o! flr nr onlrsroup t
..t
\,1 ra tr"
llrrnh Iso. nu ual' Nrnlnn
i,ohul [is bKi$!] hnl |trblilhlJ J
Tu[i1' d.
lni4r.nftlL,l
rte',
odi riord
bcro( ihe
(Deno(niurnD
r6Fe.rY$
tr
r{rr[];&'i
lrkcr) Tht rrpon r[e] nn nJjln libqi rtnr$, md f&ndnN
s.hoorsrrnqd i(
u dirlJ,llr
rlt fnn nn(r \tts d l,,r--Hrt,
$i rlt uLonl
\\.1\ dd rhc n,ltrr! rvl,o nd i.!lr{lomDu
rumb(oD(uru, iDFebrur re'rrdJofdr r prnftJk,nrrtcr
\s.srnn(he Lh,nnGi Th. ieror
nofr Rlsn ( 6
!s,lnr. hr reel, thdr \{. r, (DnrnntthrNt
$i\ no{,mDodiln lor (lreD'lie!!). n. L.ntu ir{dnon n, srlar or,
J a, rftdr
Ln rhr (reni o', rh( dld l i- rltc n1N ss i
sconi',BlIer! srons l5hDni d,o!dndt rlft .ptnt lluLLorBd,lk
jrr 4,r r,, !r(16
ol tlr! T!r[ \[ ftl,h.ll'r$,
n,c Llad\n qdc
ii
c(in.til for Nhi.h dMilinrr
.rlGllgrs liorh d! $-nhd
r][
-!d r\r11rt\po'sblc. nrc Iii,L^r Nrrio,. rklil!'
.,1$:*.dtr
the nF* jnlrotrit
., ,
,
d,..1., " t
,r;.
[< N! rh! fsl n r|v]r un,que.
Llr<lshnFd fsl oo rlt d d rnLI- nE tukinr mLLt$ s pon.on
.* rh. a,rcmo$ Jc1!DJerot rh{. r
!fr hlnorihaf n'p0iLnr n T,tr
luv! l,\i 't t1F lJrntrs hrJ \o!. s(.didLrr lll lsLimirs No!
!hLL.i.!Dg,lt no! importa (Dkpt ol rll niLnrl nr!( jr tlt
r(u{d
ol rcLglons
\o d, lltr.iplin!. \vh(o o.( ol Iht,ln.{s
rnd clanrll,! dl.hrsrd fr.d dr trnild rous
trkli'n.nnFn
mt
ILL old n\ dr
1,8{ ldLsoN letrdtrl J'd u
d(hr!r.
{ rl!
Inii! }ho {se alrlad.
I(cl s rd\ nkAl 6eiN5c or tld h. rrr d{ mrn {rhgih dl it
Th. NL?L af K?nalllu tbd,,
r,i rntlm|oErynrkctr rhr.r nrr
FsL rfu.k\h Neio,r: nrnDttrr I
r) N4'i."ri (l'e. N iNnni x
unurreee,.hil.trg.J i,r oN xr
Tu*q' aqfJcd br Kt,ut llirtD
n,bi.d nnis lrrt, N ,rrl a r
klsoN. F ar. P(K.s fst_ i! rtr
(ni {
.]lhirc (enirnn! F
rDdep.rdflr Tur[q,. Rorr ricl
'ken,,ltrs. s!(DLr,
n{.nt oi I
.hrrLcnsrs r DJi,\jhirn' oi In
irdrpordcEe.Eya, rlk PIX nrl
T l u L ,n , na r o r i h ! f t r k ! h f r r o n
20 Br .tri or ibr porurnFnoarN
rrlla oiTLnknhnro
tr i,r*
presidn5orrh.ftr$ .. \rk oi I
na, r T'trki\hraii,Dis oi 16r
bkD. rri,
Ls dr a foh.,ht,
hfJnhn. LLrLh slobar,rDn nr
hjshlgLFdposioi 0aKtrlJ$horj
6.nLd,(nnuDi.rionsr
orrc
oo rr oiltr h!nd, d! n!.!Lls.L
$cnrlisr rr ii.isr ofBr,)hrrh
.rlt{ aooi eydr q,r( or ihc
d(drr,hrn,l r!.r
frrrl
im kJ whcrrt hP(nL
i,rD srln,rsj Kn.di\hf mr s
on,.orrf
lnd
(
ttI
tj+ o.n,Drli5trr.\ rtr. hcBion
i4lld.
rmp. L,egrdn, rl,(
,h.
tr D rnrrn
tr,1 D|
osrr onswhn. $'jn! q{d.h
n !boul.l be aJd.J dir rln kn
|r t1,1t: '[ tu'qn,n n,,ttr)
li ru n.nfonr li rki\: rlne olns
fsl rli,[ !h Nr i i,]
ri\r,, r.rnl knrl: Nr;'rr n Kd!L. md, rfksrrcd.!r
r I'KK
rDrr r9et. rltlLdrgrddd o,L! krl
Ltrro rdntd L.lKdnn.l rl
stnl\ ion n,cFoiaioirsfdl.u
i'Li !{
im.
rdr. rr\
Br[
til
Lo,nr (!
rr trll .i rrr tiud5 rdnari,lg Xd,i si r!
ED \iir
lhtrllur!!s Ll,! DJn^LfLLn'oa Tdl.\. L.nN tror r t
]
'
r
(
i.rpu r,.. Lldr rlt
1,nJ. ror.niornrc ri,*nL Dri,,DLi ot KuJnh Jat.tr (.ippardrL! r
1 r{ .ui ol 1l( rq\rrri,r 01 Tmld ) 11. Kunslr trfiotrilins sDnl
Ll hf ih( trn rl Z$! Ciil lr. d!
rL|
TL'[l' o.rdi.Ll5 oi i.f(nnl
XrnL!] J$.on,
dr,. rtrr)
i!-un! o.roril. .f r frobr.\j, Litrdlo.liid. r.6r
J iuo.rLi
ti! Lin l' rLr. !l,h rr,r
x rl
Itrql,lLglikd
fonriotr otXtrnl + M,Dr l!n in |nr(cr nlLr\ ltLr(rthnlD
r
ftF,D !f,.o,n!nrnllLkNu)
B(.
br\!!, nnr{nnr.h
rr-ur hs! 1,,r, .isr ui !lul..,lnrior. \nrr r r r nrid n {l! r rlu$ oa
d'! \Y({ io(.lri\
nrn{,'i
k s h h ! . r v , r X t r n l i i. t D r r , l ! , 1 \ ! t r
r i h u . \ u h ( n i n r :v { l d \ t ! p ( l | b l . . ,
r Jrrr. ot,r
r!N(
d J lii{l \ 5( rl r,! tr !) Kurli.h.
oD lhc (,lK lLrJ. d,! rKK.| (rrtlsr
htrlii\1,NiudiLbtri. A, rlr t'.s Din
irj'!
lnLl. p(oflr 6. , ro rrt! Iur[iil,lkF nLlu\ otr 11,!nnd.
or! o1 gILr r,!rl,.illsir$ (, (
gJn- otrLn. nikf ! t
( i5 'rf ! nLfisldi
Jrr{nrj
h
B n r[ofL,] br rddnl rlnr rn\ liin
i \hu p_ore!'h' I- tiJFI /n
rn
!'o. .rd r ih pro.h
lM'/itd(n
Emel\$ inunr|rs
\!irh.;
rd!,ll
.arlyvisible,
66n in rherEi:
rrdd sh.i
lo.atioD
snphicrl
t ""N ol our .uhr'd marter h'r', ihe
.r. **,
o-.
t, nt-o*.
,.l"a .l'.rl.1F | 'n,h dore '
'sn.n r. j'r'
h or'ue,r
,,;:"d"q",:-d-tt,.h"-.
d...
J.' *, "
"
'. rernali' r'_ n 1
p.'-. "nd r'{ r'-u.
.Inr.
'
rp""
!flud.eo !/ I Jn ' io. pl rd i
' e dn e ' r ' , o r b
,..",.,,.,.-.,...,,"..r,n.od.
\i,
r,,r, L duri ndl, im-'be m"i1 ro" s
mm' Td
. rd-h"". |1'r'-J b' +tu'ol'"nrp;"f
rcn 'd,rou
ond rhc rni r.udd
ii.... ,"'r ..r c 'r'r r 'ru",: d ,he
- r ' . " i . , " ,. .' ' ; . ' r ' r ". I n
*-j,.
. ,^r.
: - d , . b . L r , i n . . o t r nn
,, -,
. os ptr ..n. \1.Jim.
-
te Tu'r" r''
^
l',,vd
iFlnm, rnd a\ n sEotrslvrc
tic ovi$on ry dd soon)
$c q,mingMx Thereforqir
Ordd ,nd, n.loid ofpoli!
s backro the sood oLadryr
rd ns n
',r"Ido'no'
"'
n v
n u , l ' Em d n ; n b ' r . r ' o i i m
L1l-'1,o'hro'.
hr r ,n {, dt .ho* hho. u r .r -d
lqlms I "'
ir"d!rr"ns
m,n l'T
o
r
omrnrnr ri
'
t
r
r
'
'
n
h
"
"
"i
rcJd
'nao"
f.r.lhri'..i
t
emir
,arbr,ra;r' (sovereisntvBelonssto Albh), 'snini ibos oI
'loF J rh. rq o' b hr 'bo -
( s o \ { a s i q B e l , { s s r rch rN i o n ) "
|. .:J"-". "r; k... dnb.j'd'o,n\"d
rho roie tor kl$,i. piries like R?t, or tu2,&i, an'l doe who r'd ind
tu for lhe v'h( sndon G.
dts
e 5 u b u , b rs u m \ o f s
Iound in ih. lsl?nic $cb. rhi
slr.xdrb.enqlkd th( Anr
br or thc .lhft rJ lofln on
the khmni pfn* in Ttrrker.
Th. rni AixtolianepiFl' fr
r) lnd votcn ol th.Isldist p.rties.tuide fr'r x small(r' of Isr'n'c
renb{5, thr li*r otcsory
sd (ktlc,
. . - " i h u e 6 * h o n r r ' d n o n i ! o e di o
onh-.rh.1 ro. ..ru!Jby'Tu a"n'l' "dt"n'c
ipril 1e9e),far4 cme onlf rhnd anJ los mrDvvoteso MHq an
LkE{*rui,lrr P . sinBlslr'nKDBoi
€ld,denanationdapn,[s
6d D.cember1995cl.tiois,oDr nu$ admii ftthis!i5thcp'ik or
r.l,nir vors in TLrkcxk nYq difii.ultro affto th{ rhere{116 an
'1.im . d. J
'u'1. \de ' m'l'rrr''
t" rerri" 'd l 'n ' Prn ""
pofted bv tb!m. Tlt ,{mrolt:
d(nrufIoB0 Gri,onofalL
9. E rn,i npinl, h@m.
int:$
io gd soft lorr
and .!
Thn .rpnd th.r iD tlmc .,m
i6l' Ril mzinll r.prc*nc.
!td-.1! vllb(. inij i,, r$riil.h$,'rrLr{{\..nJ.(uiJ.u,[e
,qs,sr,rhiJ ooi{ no r rL,{r rl
1h.\ (,n! DiinL' ton d!5! {,ir
b<\rr '1,! $r rni:l
TL$r N{l<
hr
br,
I',ms. rd
rtr !turnn
nr frrlr
ili.
r 'N[! ]
n
; NT\orlJ h\ rhr rrtrnLor i!
-Ftrrl^n. rJ r tr nLorlLr Eris rL! rdf lultr! thard .rib.
(d,. n$ Lr5od Tv ,,d s ) onl. rlrjs
6t il( !ni],s llll ll,e !r,, !. t \ r\sdnrl, rtrtp c ( s o!i\ tr,!
. ! 1 . \ oJ t n o r ! . , 1 !
1!{oill.ir
i l |
! s
Irr r4/r. t ilt. rn1 N1HPnn
a. i{
r dLr( qtrt.o( (s(,sr.,pr nLluroD]. th$( Ld5 q{r
nom n$ ,lbff(L
!r 'Ku Dli pRs (l)rrl rirrl
rid.). rh.rL , i{r
arli-{{i
ll\Drl') nrE. n\d of hmrJ td
\.surt;oir'hiff,
nDo|nr'
) I
rLrNJ, l.(d nll.l rl! l{fr ) r .,rtr'
r l F , r 1 l , r! , l , r 1 r r d t o o no n ! o i n
Trq! N, nkgdnd nI
, h .r . r . r r f l
lh. rr n 1fttrn
rtrrl rrr b!!ri r hi hNl I n,! rlLl re6u.
n5(rtrr
o r \is llntGLi dr r rlomd Lrk\lLi rnl J!dr(
nN 4a f. ..J.T !.+tr $.'r
r . u J , d L i $ ,
I 1 , , 1 , r ( r I
L,hihD Lri,n!
uLrrtotrr ris. ni rnl trLcn ftdr5nr N!.n{r
d-r,
'r(n
,arn(,
l \ o J \ lr [ , i n r . r n
! i ! , . | | . r n
i , r \ u l r n
r l
' trt
rrl. i' r-r
onlJ li\ ,lri. llk i{iioi,u Tlui l.(Jn r' drilgr s 11-dun
lrnd n.l ur
i<rriDn r nol!l$ nrJr n r$rhL. q,\itr(i r r i
ftr.trrr.iLnr1tr , nt-N,rc Lre.
nnl l'\ i\lusl,\n.
d
r.L
L' rrr!
lrlL.l
rkl i <!rra
J n . ' a e o o $ " h u , - d , . 'd i - o . r ! . n J r , ' n , r i a ' T . . L m ,
' f . p u n . .. h p o L r '
{ d"n' do' ir' ^ .nd of i"tr'dr.io.'
jdarh,i
propasiiinsthc
sorercisntlhdon6 to cdd i$readoftorhr
rF.ood fo"odlniL';o1
s , L n o ' r . o4 1 h i r ' ' . - ? D .
LibqJ,rrne.secuhla* D'l ordea,nd soon.Thk Ms $hd N Gpi6l
hd io p3!sthronshrhc cxpod .orpmies or Isonbrl bis bnr Dds
{. "1rto_ori.
1.,'h.on-' {.mh"d o ih!i\n'oli. lB'
rnd polnnal sisnili.$c. an,l rrimde ihir fxr excc.ded*.
oI ih. religiousitmosphqotheyh.d absodcdin $en
condnioDing
smallnatiy!4nrirn onn' Fi6t In,n embledMUSIAD.o hrlucnce
6e $r, trslf.l$ !.ry mu.hiifltrtn.edbI ilE rclisioa discomernd
io
rinosphse.!c..nd, trndnore imponindrrlJam cnibledMUSTAD
dH! thc supponol dr mas6 i!
I USLAD.In ,h,t sns. khm {ar ft MUSIADar insrumtnt o{ ngbrfs
1 .i.ss$nssle rath( rhd r b. rf. Ihir,l, klanic datosy sded *3
rtrfcd shi.ldon dilLrcni ocdons ri,! *,nple, x holdiDs.omprnt
rroo l(onu G provin.eknowDs (,neolihe lsl,mic$orgholds)rhr
hal bousft r hotel in cappiocix (a tourk rcs,or iD <nr.l nrkey)
ol ,he o*i.ial TURB,\N alotr 5m Brnk).
dnrifs ihe piyd;rbn
itto lhe*lL€rshoslrrftc'tht purha$ ondt sroulJrthr rh.
returncd
hoFLw* 6un, on : Gr.ck ortlodox ccmetcrlli .ould iot possibly
rllord rh. \,!tiles. ofscoingr.oholicdrnrkson .u.h , sk.'"'
In due lnq hoscltr. ihe ,lMtolrn Tise6' di$oyftJ tl'al dH
.ould rcachtoreicn nrtss oD lllen o{n initi,iive, rnd rhn was the
df : sri.s ol vsl impo.ani rlmge n the aslod. .I
besinniDs
carir.rsn
Asrhisdpiril beFr tr ,ni.!|rc *ith ini.rnationrl
NILjSIAD.
arJ srcw ,i importarle (ib s$B wde *alFtcd * di...ding sotr'c
b.g,n qutdnsnssronsklamki rrtiiudeon thc
Us540btr),""MLlslAD
i \ 1 r r ' r , u d r . h E oe , D i n e
. t d n s r d' c
bord {s p!.*nt ri ihc .o.ktaik siv.n by the Isilel cDnsulG$sn oI
L L n o u ' v 1 T . . 6 ' 0 o r , h (| ' 1 - n ' v n - 4 o r l . i d e l l o u n dr o n
a vs] inpo&nr
iD M:y l99s rnply b(au* thiJ<,unrtylad becomc
1997.
On
tht orhdhmd,
md
$nesic
ecoft,m1.
|3nndolTD&eyince
d'.:voq
l'. l /n
'
"
,
{h'le.
.krlt
fl
js
ph.ins
ptq'o*
de
nc{
p!.ndei!
A.
Barramqlu
lapnil'i
t
preside.tErolYiiii, whowrsrrndusIo! d.d,ring, lslami$ n! Dw(
19
wlD LnNolember
rmnia,rd
falhion
nodel)
natedthatrh. (khfrnt) loldins
mnryr raunsEosniD
lyrbok whil. t.din8'
mJc
trs
of
relisrour
.otr,Ffns shouldnot
th*
rhe
nrne of Islam.odd
Lr*, M(isL\Dtook d,eformalde.iion
FiJil
Furtl'ddore.
MUSIAD
dnchargLd
Dot he srJ to sll slDcs.'
Liidiz. r well lr,owtr klrmd
thqs, forcins some,o res4n ft.i
Aside nom MUslAD, &/,,
krd(d rh( mand:rcuf opdiu(
.s oilihry asrcmcnt wnh I5
imporri, m.mbrts(\5J! hh 6
Thc &./.i
Piq, *hich rephg
y fir consrl0flonil cour,.hor
r F./ar\n"sr l'6rord( s
.m{nd(y,
uJ
PsnndLd fry dr
K ord.r, Recrirmn (lsd(
I,il iftxdiu:r
*.
.. an
smez,oneof its *cllkno*! r
updj hd humpcd inb $n<,n.
'cll\ rtp r.d h'nfihr
{hftl
l
no diving lftnsd ld. By
.n
for kli'nN sonfl\ who
cir[. orBrnned for d,em.
ouidld, $ (h€ hhm { rourh w
rc rhe\ulbdn rJd'd!rsh
.
aur *hrn 5h. s,irLd ro ch
i,lk!\h.ntrderitr, innerd ot i
on ih. olhe h:nd, $. n.{!p.
I th. rttA1e Didnd rdLli lrht
dr DRA),sh . goingoi lh.;
16(.,1cr
, ch.rcle, Lh$y (
l i P p e d\ n h r r y :
\Jeo
rlgu,rlu. r $ell tBNr lsluii{ hol.iin{ osr(,
dbdi totrirLrn,mcn, r$ig, Llrn nEnb{arir
,\.iJr iron \!tj\ItrD. R4irl hcsr
rtl
Mrned icr.r
l!ru!. nldtrred Ii,rrr! .qJ\
rro!
tr ndh{\
(\h,LulL.ti!ail) ro rlr! (:s 50 il|r
Id
r \otrJ
r
F,
Tl!rrrrrl\
i!l'J,i.pLradRrlllrtriihilrt(tr$.l6ilJu\f
'h^rJ tr,! r$ irt
r.,d, Lt,lr.ltar
1., rlr rorialnurLc!u(.
^!.lh(rui!
'r.tr
rr r4;ri! \ rsr i lNrOr.lr'$oLlJnolDtrs(l.r
ARro.lrrl!(n[ks[jLl{ih\
lrr (tJu . R(r Klu lL.rd{ ot th! prtn rshJ u.l rro (,1. k
'\r\i,r. PrDtsrori.hrroo hdki dnL
\!\ lIl Lniilldtril .\r!'!
ul4i,d,
r)Jr!K
oDr oi ir\ \rll lLNrf ts
hrtr. unlnklsr.r{,n( rJlln (.d.
nd' or rh6! liL.mn.lirJ rn'
(d F. r,.,JL'uf!i.d iino nnnlra, \.hd!:
frh5 Lul'guxLl Lul
l.{ u,
.nrlL' rp]l!J ]im, r rlr! \vh!rLLi(lot rl]. pol,!! hnlto!i
h! hJ D, Jri\re l,.!n\! ,d E! rlir \d 1000. hr'Nrl orlou 'r-!
s! ol rld,ol tfe Nnunior n,of. Tr
f(rnLL, n *rl,,d
: b r \ 1 , , . r i i r l i L . D N , o r r r \ h o , t ' u L T L I, d ! L l I n i ! v , ! $ D
(i.o ilD !N(dr.
Drlnlklnrh
lo(trrrlLri
rrdJnLo\!lrk!,r,J.\trhD$r!.
h!t.N! \!lM nL \w,td u JrLrs. h{ 'r. hr Lrdsl't lrd., r$v
i , lipr,4! !r r lt lnl onsrnLl
Tdhnr mrL! fi.,r rn-J
(rr ft! rli( h.Lrl. rr o.*pio{\
nrJ.il
rlfi rht nl,nio *.trD
o:,h! rrAnf DrrJd rJb/, (ihr.L trl, rdtrn.Ll nrDJroi iL rp
i' ,h! rll\). sl, ( sii,c q, iLuf Ln, filArinisc i,Il.ntr. , !d n i'
'i\l
r \m.o. r rlrri(d.ror.
otr: r!r! rL.uN,DLd
aonNani,(rL.trr rlN. mrofiutlrtr,s$.
iun
lL[!
op
k. Tl(\ r. ljrrDr
n, L( l\lLtrlid.lllnL{i
arxtr n\ \i \{LJ r,.L!(!\p!dnl,h
Thn ph€,n,mc^r is sldnr ht {od lr.d$to, itrg.A
or oltioiilsm
th. nro,lrnN
trrior {rt.
lwi fNscd
imPort
n'baituim
ii$
rtrd
llr,noin,clL!
1Ku kn,)
N.,r\;!! reNlrri\vnLn.olcor$.nr$nqrvir3lLthencrnlitr
oa EnonilisRl ]hc Dordric ftoJuds \t'rck, lllllntrtd r fnmry
r I c/.tu[rrotr.
td. bu; n D do{ r knrlol ilk Lr(aur ih. k s
\ {llbeirrq !d!l
bnDriq
m slhol,L r:dtioEl Lool food (lik! lre.ltrrb
f{rrl
or
.
, . i ; ^ , . , ,
rn Ttrrli('.'1,<encN!
DAr ordd.adi,s\.tlreJ
gn(lrsthru[e,lt
hr globr r on
Ecd.{ protrotriotd'l
NlNh hrcll
rrl rhL lhnr' Thn.r!{dri,
i) TL! .onr.ruro(a
't
gl,rbiltatn
hr
6!!,0.
ihr.n
oi
,
r\kd
h!tut Tq{o errc.d
tlt
leid
priuc
irt
rt{
hir!
nks
r
rrle n,Jr\. TDdi). mon$
(rh. o-LY.ml'),ir
rhc
Nq,q dE nnng vnus !t t,ornsi$
qD{uqi
ii
rlrc
litf f6itioi\
nlrln f}
Nr b{\!(tr dt {rt ifd Ih( rKK 'irLt Frt[!$tn'
u e.h
ln*!\ ! nrtrgs)LlgBl'n(plrl !.'
od rll rft{ ]rrrJ.,l$ ctrFo!\ .trtrof.rtr{ h! lEioitd hom int
br!r {t!d r it
D! olri$! old(fnrJv h{c hldtr*. r n\aldq
inl
iid,t
r
btrn)|) P.6orl
idrrl
lrrr
I
i'B),rudjln. i i! orrt
BLr
I
s n{ a Gd inr
ttrtr$r hx6rtd r N!tr nEUnLr.Ior er{}ho'i:
q(.
p!
rtd n
r,.ohnio kGolos
DJ.rl$r rhr 1:( Er iLi..lros iotdJd.d br glohnzroi hromcJ
r l
, " q
. _
.
,.,.;
;,""-a, *-,"r
rtrr i so.il denoftrr) i', 197
de.mkly Dbtr.J \n[.!r rrl.lnr
,\s odnn)ncJ ihoY!_ Ih. r
!99i 1r.vrcmc
J!!un\
ddi'rrlr i fr\our.rooJ(D h
bY ft I{16r. t r( qnn $]ltJ. :
hngugr b! lif€d, ,,J,i H,r4
r!risiontrero Lonsel.oDpuko.
IlliSlAD as\Lnn..(sq ird nn
bch,d tr. )i
l*
troNi!(o\ n) lurc s!.d $di Ir
rlt !0( rDr, drn .il!, nuv\
d(oo(r.Y)
s oow rrr pir.jifti
TrsKlrnp o!as' utriotror Trtr
nn{oinsopronrni\oar|t l)hD
TrsKhrJ bc!n, I rett. dtre.
.orru iF
cou5$ of kL sioi n
coralusoN:
rsruR$\ao Nc
Tdrk(\ hiJ Ndc rrrcrinnoD
k\orutilr froF iholc oa (.mrri!
3 (slobrltr0,).
lir Tlr cu
bduqrotrre. fL. oi goifs rone of PndKion (nriodrl
dDiril;r) rn,l n5 t[(,on iJ{)Losr 1'rroD]lnD) {1..&]rn in buil{lurs
l.ourseoi\ic,rn.Ldin bonlgeoisics ros lookios id$rd kl
r:rroEl
r do,lri,,q $nLr inirnr,oirl .irhLno GllnrLinon) n or{1ft rc hc
lr t mrir
k iomstl! lid globrl orkd
,N
rDred h' TLlsLlo i',r n Jrfi"rell 'n hrN ol flruiDs irtr
Ffror{D ronn, r,J oi elsthtrlg r|n s1a Niih slobiiz or
turthd iquLt iDto rusl]\D trr inrt\.rLDs ll's
linrndD{..r
lil rli! 1990s.klkl.r.trhcln
'*s '-, sru*ti'.
-D*D,rh,,l'
i": d, r i rc I'dDiJ rk frL or ih. i.ir drnocr5 (F.$n qrs r,tu
tunrk rqn
\']r!i
\ goDg ,
ou rs rnrc deoto$ dr l[d soir
1Jo^r.{d (rnsn !D .,sl,,L)]rr
l) Tldr *ho *Ll l,olJ ilr rc
6pe.n , n kr! btrdlii.,)
idq,rqf .rdir8 rE pLbLtrtLarF
thd ru rs .h$ lrhe grftl hon
lir rnice,o
Isiu {hih qni.kl,
.r. i $nil rrn(rn)
b.sr! l,a! r($r{,6
J!.nq rh! rnoJ
r
.t rh. dI
k hrJ ni
nrorlL! L,rrlidr trr.
m r\rdrlra,r,
mn roq,nun ntrLrJ
JrN.,L, r!i
iL,h'r|.!. ii, r'hLL trJ{L.rd nr!Li(,l.r
D?n,. trvtrin, r{!i(f,!r
J. tuf r n\er.a d!d.t, r,n
tll, (lt trr itr (tr ,l+
t\ rl,! \\r" T,r (fd, rk.d. N(Ds tL{i
or
L,! lidnnl. rd .\r\
LDqu.Lk l.r l,ti.
(l,siu i Lr r hrs. nrrn!l!r,.
Il,! Jd i!n. !J(r l! rt ! /!J lii
!l'. :l5od,.!nnn!{{Lr'otrdd
h.hrd r, r,d Lu tu Er qDNr!.dtd
ollkr !n, t rrnri\
!D!!.
Ltur
rrltn'nrr
i.\ *.n:oLr!is(
/ddnrni!"rd',n,
r]l, .]d,,ln rr nt
rhr .D,! .n(. 1[. n!' n'r5 rhr i ri J.!Ji
!i !r,hnt.ni,r
!.o!nirdr!
lr,urn JJ rrro,trf ,,slr6. r,!
,!ftrrali:iLiof brun,kor{rLi,(ruoril
a < nr t r r n n r \
r{! rl d,! ro'Jdn Dl rlt nl Driftr
o,! d 1r,(
Tl\t (rrdof.tr rooDdnrh).Rrf,[H]iL.nmlr
io,r!, ,! orr, Rir, o ,f! nrrL. d,o\ifttrr I ri,rl!r: !Lr( \d, $n!
reN.l, Jn(rr ,$ri \liL, tr{ rlrc nftJ(1i,,, oL
nnnrL nn nnh$ d (Lgiotr u rlt nD{ ftlr
c.rraLrAo\ \ lLrrrtYcorl\cr:rrlf\r
onb!lllrqsliLlr
T f i k . f l | L l D i J . f t ( r . n n t rd [ i ' ] f l * r
rd, {oD'n,rrhtr(!L(dLnsn.Bnr}irLqrbrD!.LLn(r'-mfldr
!$!tL,ll\ lii r.trtr,, htr Ji,ra pre
I (:l,,l,trvri'r). l\hr tr8oiD! (, h
u i k ! t r L i r l h \r J 5 r r t r t r L D i i a l $ f a \ d L .
1 . ,n , r ! r i \ f ! . ! , , r r F
oLJLL.nnrrrdano$ 'n Lr.nLlni! | (. \ I nl
rl h$! \nI niLl lioLll rh ,,D: or rh! {r! ar|l
n! 16
Ji rsnN Lro .^ D
..r(.,11' niltri\ br.nm.)
or
,JrJ!!. lrrl ,rnr p!hl'! 11..F(nri{ii r!. rlk ioDqs ({u,rur
v(
ou.h
,sur{
l5nr!
!I.
Lour..nio
s
rlr! L niq
{th! srr
i..lu..n,lrr! r!.,t(i, if )rn (r\rtoLu.irtrJL) tdr!,o frf onr
r " L l , ' . . '
sl!,htrLrior. Tl,i. n bmN bod {,I th.m look aotrlxrl ntr[ins ]
NlrihitqotrJ
un (iftionrl .rpitn 5m)
tr$fun fromdr otrrgoins
!, ft( nln \11,(Lftmrioml opihlnn), {lt.li Nll nli. rh(n L\!n
rl Rrtr/i\ (!trr!,,.n
arior
aoresllcnl\5h.$.srlu
nnmrl(tc
d'r
ld,lt L1ghr
ofrlti! nb po!trr. k
lhc,ci .hllcnquor ku lisntr nor lshm- hui shbrltrfion.
.lsjos tun Nll qrlrue fo'
'
d
.
,
r
L
o
r
K
r
s
r
v
h
,
l
!
L
.
N
r
r
s
{'it!
rio
iIft hhDi$ \o. ioi irn.hld
&n tur rlrsr, oNdDrld rndt
lirt Prki{ii rkl lmr. nor otr | b!!!
ol (lt \it{{D \y{rD dl irollrio i b! rrs r* iion Dl,n! | k, rLrR 2.
kao hrJ o(tr
hu rL!, h(su.( I||lnrli ri
ri,. s! ntr.i,Nfrll
i" ""-!"
!-
Frb@5qe: tn{ 14 rd e q)i i ik
!rcF$;r4
nfi r q kr{d&
bd
qlddfrtD.d&GJiMl@tod!
14 tb6o6e
d! oaitu d 6c i/d, d
tulia&
ud iNd 1t,@ @d.h'i'
retq
a" bn t4L
rk..n,
hr@, Fa
aaqlai,,4d
i 60&
, td{r 04}
r"irr
rB. tood
k !r
endD{
@{
it s,anl
a tuii !$o{
, r@f
s..a<s
(,i! dsqa
s4i
t r hN oi dr cNA. ,u t I /en,! d
n
ntr uorid
\.h
. Yrq nqrd.
.r,rid!4,
! lu ! r r0
'd!Iqijg!b]!.t!ioi&j
r&B). si qi, 1 r' ed &J,-rn.
rtr rM!,,{
Nulhhrr,ri
iu*
hoiln,
";a6d-.
*n
ri{iiri*sc,
r!-"
xs ^-"
-d .*
Frsinn! ,!arr D.
u$i s!,nh^
,;r
!i
Nr.
.r
Nn i$.ido$
hi
ir
r
ad
',
rh.\!,ir(
-- ' *,".
!r rLs\ trf i. D6, os!
J irn ili -$. t- s"nLi !
4//'
hsN
a
t -.1
f.
roi
i
l{
rtrd8
{
kl
{rrd.i Lran.kr({4
rirdr.r
a
i!
c Lr. ie
rd!!h
E.[[,
a ak,
r, iun hd.F4$i..rr
\6
! ]!!!\ht
h
!$DPL.,
r ff
!!o
J;.nii
'll',.']jdr]Dxl!5hqk&i
! ur b r.{
hnm Hni
i.
t.rrr4n.
, lqr, ,!ho
{d
b s
-tri
I, ir. f
r\i
(, d\ f r lii
r.N
d!'ijljgh!.adqqN[t
- .
/, $rris
,l & ri/&
,
.
'
'
; ,
Inh!\: rr
L,
'
'
, ,
'
'
'
d riri. I rir r*r tr{nhk,ryn!
,,. d.nn r -"k s. ir,drtr. i( +., i r h i , f t ! r [ c ; r . i m ( 1 5! i .
'
HumanRightsand
TurkishPoliticsil
Con
HS A N
i-."ria..-"8,||.1
b nra,!
dsbrt.n r nnorior
CRACIHLI^SNR|CHTs
ANDA
msor [!run .istrs roJ Jlmor
.itcni setrsrcd fr.D rlt Tu.ki
ur La u.orl'dstrryivi of r]t "i'
Lrr rrhoforn urri.rnd
d r ,r,.is(n.l.trr.Ll r.r \Lrtn
on r.flrG thc Hobbd5iiD.on.r
oD i detp rDs .f i*.uriN
n, ntr,ivrr.s(uia r !u^.n
thrnrnednoronlyhr h6rildn
doFsft poptrlI..TLr rlk r+
sG po*d hy errelnaland inFr.
$r
! ctrm u] $. rs
3'd Jlmoflr.l i (ohn!,s rtr(
Dr drs- cotrenlEt 16$ ot