Local Development Strategy North West Area

Transkript

001
LEADER PROGRAMME
NORTH WEST AREA
LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGY
LOCAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY NORTH WEST AREA
LEADER PROGRAMME
NORTH WEST AREA
LOCAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
Nicosia, 14 December 2010
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Local Development Strategy for the North-West Area
Table of Contents
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................. 3
Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. 4
I - Territorial Profile of the NWA ......................................................................................................... 5
1. The social, demographic and infrastructure base .................................................................... 5
1.1 – Three neighbouring municipalities with good infrastructure ...................................................6
1.2 – Demography, employment and social services ......................................................................8
2. A rich natural and historical heritage ...................................................................................... 12
2.1 – Fragile and threatened environment ...................................................................................... 12
2.2 – An heritage which would deserve a better consideration .....................................................19
3. Economy ................................................................................................................................... 25
3.1 – An economy based on small and micro enterprises .............................................................25
3.2 – Agriculture and food processing: the key economic branch ................................................25
3.3 – Fishery: a poorly equipped sector .........................................................................................30
3.4 – Tourism: A sector with scope for improvement .....................................................................31
4. The governance bodies in the NWA and their capacities ...................................................... 35
II. - Territorial SWOT of the NWA ..................................................................................................... 37
III. - Strategic Approach, Objectives and Measures ....................................................................... 41
1. General Strategy ....................................................................................................................... 41
2. Action Plan ................................................................................................................................ 50
Measure 1.1 : Improve crop farm production and post harvest capacities ...................................51
Measure 1.2 . Set-up and strengthening of producer groups/ associations .................................53
Measure 1.3 Set up and strengthening of rural tourism enterprises .............................................55
Measure 2.1 Area promotion, natural/cultural heritage protection/ valorisation ...........................57
Measure 3.1 Improve area basic community services and infrastructures ...................................60
Measure 3.2 Enhance efficiency and empowerment of local administration ................................62
3 - Alignment with other strategies.............................................................................................. 64
IV. - The partnership ......................................................................................................................... 64
V. - The consultation process ........................................................................................................... 65
ANNEXES .......................................................................................................................................... 69
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Introduction
‘LEADER means listening to the voice of local citizens and
increasing their participation.’
Prof. Laurent Van Depoele-University of LEUVEN (Belgium)
The Local Development Strategy for the North West Area is prepared by the local stakeholders and
communities with the support of the Rural Development Support Team. 1
LEADER as an integral component of the EU rural development policy, is a methodological approach
aiming at increasing the local governance and improving the capacity of local public-private
partnerships in territorial management by preparing area-based Local Development Strategies (LDS)
using a bottom-up approach and integrating multi-sector actions.
The North-West Area (NWA) is a distinctive geographic territory transcending the existing
administrative district boundaries. The Strategy aims to improve the economic and social conditions
of the population across the whole area by valorising the environmental, cultural and historical
heritages of the area. This area has been proposed as a LEADER area according to the willingness of
the municipalities and of the civil society to work together. The preparation of this local development
strategy has benefited with from the continuous support of the central public administration the
coordination of the EU Coordination Center .
The NWA hosts a rich, diverse and valuable natural, historical and cultural heritage. These heritages
are sensitive and fragile and increasingly under pressure from economic activities, neglect, urban
sprawl, quarrying and other threats. It should be ensured that all future development in the NWA takes
place in ways that are sustainable, not only environmentally but also in economic and social terms.
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The RDST is a technical assistance project aimed at preparing a Rural Development Plan according EU regulations, at
introducing the Leader approach, at preparing calls for proposals for rural and community development and at
supporting the potential beneficiaries in preparing projects including the setting up local partnerships. Since October
2009, RDST has started to work for developing LEADER approach in northern part of Cyprus.
http://www.tccruraldevelopment.eu/rdst/
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
o
C
CMC
CSO
Cu.m
dn
Dka
EC
EU
EUNIS
EUL
EUR
GIS
GCc
ha
HNV
IBA
ICT
LDS
LEADER
METU NCC
Km
Km2
m
mm
NATURA 2000
NWA
RDP
SME
SEPA
SIT
Spp.
SWOT
TCc
Ton
UN
UNDP
UNDP-PFF
USAID
WWTP
Degree Celsius
Cyprus Mining Company
Civil Society Organisation
Cubic meter
Dönüm (1.338 Dekar)
Dekar (1,000 square meters or 1/10 of ha)
European Commission
European Union with 27 Member states (since 2006)
European Nature Information System (Species, Habitat types and Sites)
European University of Lefke
Euro Currency (or €)
Geographic Information System
Greek Cypriot community
Hectare (=10,000 square meters)
High Nature Value
Important Bird Area
Information and Communication Technology
Local Development Strategy
Liaison Entre Actions de Développement Rural (Axis “4” of C. Reg. 1698/05)
Middle East Technical University Northern Cyprus Campus
Kilometre
Square Kilometre (=100 ha)
Metre
Millimetre
EU wide network of nature protection areas (1992 Habitats Directive)
North-West Area
Rural Development Plan for the northern part of Cyprus
Small and Medium Sized Enterprises
Special Environment Protected Area
Special Interest Tourism
Species
Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats
Turkish Cypriot community
Tonne (1 ton = 1,000 Kg)
United Nations
United Nations Development Programme
UN Development Programme - Partnership For Future
United States Aid
Waste Water Treatment Plant
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I - Territorial Profile of the NWA
1. The social, demographic and infrastructure base
The North-West Area (NWA) covers a surface of 569 km2, corresponding to about 17% of the total
TCc area.
It includes the municipalities of Güzelyurt/Morphou, Lefke/Lefka (falling under the Güzelyurt district)
and Lapta/Lapithos (under the Girne/Kyrenia District). In addition to the city centres the NWA includes
28 villages.
The land boundaries of the NWA are: South, the Green Line border with the Greek Cypriot community
(GCc); East the Alsancak/Motides and Dikmen/Dikomo municipalities (Girne District) and
Alayköy/Gerolakkos municipality (Lefkoşa/ Nicosia district). According to the 2006 census, the total
population of the NWA amounts to 43,769 people (about 17% of the TCc total) with a population
density of 77 inhabitants per km2, which is slightly below the TCc average of 78 (Annex 1 - NWA
population).
The NWA offers a unique combination of different landscapes. In the north the western end of the
Besparmak mountain range marks the landscape with a northern slope, where the town of Lapta is
located, green and moist and a drier southern slope. In the north-west, behind the Korucam cape is a
hilly area covered by a vast Mediterranean forest. At the centre of the NWA is a wide plain, where the
town of Güzelyurt is located surrounded by citrus groves constituting one of the island’s greenest
landscapes. At the south-west, where is located the town of Lefke, are the foot hills of the Troodos
range that arrive to the coast.
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NWA, as the rest of Cyprus, boasts a
wealth of cultural and historical
heritage which is however degrading
and is largely untapped in economic
terms. Many signs of different
cultures still shape the territory: prehistoric
tombs,
Vouni
Palace
(Persian), Soli ruins (Hellenic, Roman
and Byzantine) and Lefke (Ottoman).
Due to the presence of the bordering
mountains, the climate is cooler and
moister than the rest of the island and
it receives heavier annual rainfall (as
much as 550 mm). However,
variability in annual rainfall is
characteristic and droughts are
frequent and sometimes severe.
Winds are generally light to moderate and variable in direction, but the dominant wind in the area
comes from the west towards land in the bay of Güzelyurt. Strong winds may occur sometimes.
1.1 – Three neighbouring municipalities with good infrastructure
The area includes three municipalities: Güzelyurt, Lapta and Lefke.
Güzelyurt
With a total population of 20,045 it is the main centre and market of the NWA. It is located between the
municipalities of Lapta and Lefke and it is bordered in the west by the Güzelyurt bay coastline and in
the south east by the green line.
The town of Güzelyurt, known as the fruit-bowl of northern Cyprus, is famous particularly for the citrus
and vegetables which thrive thanks to its fertile red soils and the abundance of water running down
from the Troodos Mountains.
Although is not a typical tourist destination, it has deep historical roots shown in the Archaeology and
Nature museum and in the St. Mamas Monastery. The site is said to have been inhabited since
Bronze Age times. The city was founded by the Spartans and was referred since the Middle Ages as
Morphou. Under the British rule it was connected by rail to Lefkoşa/Nicosia and Mağusa/Famagusta
mainly for the transport of copper.
Lapta
With a total population of 12,653 it is
the second municipality in the NWA.
Located north of Güzelyurt and west
of Girne, the municipality runs from
the
Besparmak
till
Korucam
Burnu/Cape Kormakitis at the east
and Akdeniz in the south.
The town of Lapta, perched on the
northern slopes on the Besparmak
and below its highest peak (Mount
Selvili,
1,023
m),
faces
the
Mediterranean Sea. It has thus
features of both a mountain and
coastal town and diverse architectural features. The area has been settled since the Copper Age.
At the west of the municipality centre and beyond the Besparmak area lies the high nature value area
of Akdeniz which has been selected to be potential NATURA 2000 zone. This area hosts various
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typical villages among which Korucam/Kormakitis and Karpasa/Karpashia that are still inhabited by
the Maronite minority settled in the island since the beginning of the 11th century.
Lefke
With a total population of 11,071, it is the third municipality of the NWA and borders the GCc in the
south and the Güzelyurt plain in the north.
The town of Lefke, located on the foothills of the Troodos Mountains, recalls an oasis with its
distinctive ottoman architecture and mosques among abundant groups of palm dates and poplars.
Lefke has been inhabited since the Neolithic period and has expanded thanks to the copper mines.
The town shows the remnants of an ottoman aqueduct serving the city and its orchards and some
byzantine ruins. The nearby port of Gemikonagi/Xeros was used for copper exports up to recently.
The region, very fertile with high quality water, is famous for its ‘Yafa’ oranges as well as dates, plums
and walnuts.
The road network
In general the NWA is well connected, it is easily accessible from Lefkoşa through the
Lefkoşa/Güzelyurt four lined high-way which has been recently constructed which allows a fast
connection. The NWA is also crossed by a north-south road axis which connects
Lefke/Güzelyurt/Çamlibel/Lapta. A number of main roads and a network of secondary roads connect
the municipalities with the villages.
There is currently one border crossing to the Greek Cypriot community (Bostanci/ Kato Zodia). A
second border crossing has recently been opened in Yeşilirmak/Limnitis, on the westernmost tip of
the NWA. This opening allows an increased passage from the Paphos District to Nicosia or Girne, via
Lefke, (from Pomos to Lefkoşa it will be around 100 Km, compared to the present 200 km). A third
border crossing is planned to be opened near Lefke, namely Aplic gate.
Drinking water, Electrification and Communication
Drinking water supply, electrification and telephone lines are accessible for the population of the NWA
both in towns and in villages. Often electricity cuts create problems for shopkeepers and artisans.
Internet connections, in particular in the villages, are unsatisfactory. This hampers the connection of
the villagers with the outer world, thus limiting knowledge and economic development. An EU funded
project “Development and Restructuring of Telecommunication Infrastructure Network”, implemented
by the Telecommunication Department, will improve the telecommunication infrastructure in the area.
Industrial Areas
There are two small Industrial Areas in the NWA, one in Güzelyurt and the other in Gemikonağ. These
have the necessary infrastructural facilities like roads, water and electricity, but due to their location in
stream beds (the artisanal enterprises in Güzelyurt Small Industrial Site suffer from flooding at the
times of heavy rains).
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1.2 – Demography, employment and social services
Of the total population of the NWA (43,769 people) about 53% is male and 47% is female. The
average age distribution is 19% under 15 years, 72% between 15 and 64 years, and the remaining 9%
more than 64 years.
Annual population growth rate is around 3.2%, and natural growth rate is 0.8%. In the villages, the
economically active population (between 15 and 64 years) is lower than the average, indicating that
the economically active population leaves the villages most probably due to low employment
opportunities and lack of sufficient social and cultural facilities.
According to official statistics, the total labour force of the NWA is 15,780 people, which represents
15.3% of the total labour force of the TCc. The unemployment rate is around 12%, which is higher
than the TCc rate of 10%. Given the high number of unregistered work and wages, the unemployment
rate could actually be lower in real terms.
The unemployment rate of the young population (between 15-24 years old) is particularly high
(22.7%) against 19.7% for the TCc. In comparison to men, the participation of women into labour
force is substantially lower (33% of the total). In the villages 13% of masculine labour force is
unemployed while for women this rate increases up to 24% (TCc average 17%).
The services sector provides the largest employment share (about 76% of the total) which is in line
with the TCc average. The agricultural sector with 9% of the total share (against 3.5% at TCc level)
reflects the importance of agriculture in the local economy. Industry employs 6.3% while the
construction sector employs less people (around 8.9%) than the TCc average (11.5%) which is
explained by the fewer construction activities in the area (Annex 2 - NWA labour force)
Education
The educational level of the population is satisfactory, even in rural areas, which constitutes one of the
strength points of the NWA. According to TCc figures, enrolment rates at preschools, primary and
secondary schools is 100%, and for general/vocational high school and university it is 55% of the
population above 18 years old. The gender distribution in all schools (primary /secondary/ high
school) is almost fifty-fifty. The schools lack of sufficient infrastructure (teaching rooms) in relation to
the pupil population, whereas they are relatively well equipped.
There are two public vocational high schools in the NWA. The Güzelyurt Vocational High School of
Tourism, Accounting, Electric/Electronics, Construction and Hairdressing and the Lefke Vocational
High School of Electric & Electronics, Machinery Technologies, Motor Vehicles, Information
Technologies, Child Development and Audio-visual Media.2
Universities
The NWA is well endowed with university establishments. There are two universities in the area, the
Lefke European University (EUL) and the Middle East Technical University Northern Cyprus Campus
(METU NCC), both utilising English as teaching language. A total of about 5,000 students are enrolled
in the 2009-2010 academic year, and most are from foreign countries.
EUL, accounting for around 70% of the students, was founded in 1989 by the Cyprus Science
Foundation and has 7 faculties (Agriculture, Architecture/ Engineering, Economics/ Administration,
Arts/ Sciences, Communication Sciences, health sciences, science and literature). There are four
2 The Girne Training Center for Hotel Management and Tourism has been recently re-opened and provides training on
reception, waiter, cooking activities and house keeping for hotel intermediary staff.
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additional schools (advanced vocational, applied sciences, tourism management/information science
and English preparatory) and twelve masters programs and two doctorate programs.
METU NCC, established in 2000 as an offshoot of METU in Ankara, has three faculties (Economics/
Administration, Engineering and Education/ Humanities) which include 13 Departments and offers two
Masters Programs.
The EUL and the METU NCC have a very important economic impact on the area. An estimated
amount of around €20 million per year is spent by the students to pay for accomodation, food and
leisure expenses3. In addition to the economic impact, there are some positive examples of
cooperation between the universities and the NWA municipalities or local private actors. The most
recent ones are the preparation of the feasibility studies by METU for Güzelyurt infrastructure projects,
and the participation of EUL in the Lefke Tourism committee.
Health and social facilities
Hospital and Health Centres
The only hospital in the NWA is the public Cengiz Topel Hospital in Lefke functioning as a regional
hospital. Three health centres, providing daytime first-step medical services and advice, are located in
the municipality centres. There are no mobile health units servicing the villages, which are felt as a
need especially by the elderly people.
The Güzelyurt Health centre serves with four doctors (one internal diseases specialist, one general
practitioner, one paediatrician and one dentist), one pharmacist and three nurses. The health centre
has a well equipped ambulance, but not enough staff to operate it effectively.
3 About 25% of the resident university students lodge in school dormitories and the balance in private dormitories around
the schools or rent houses in the area. Total extra-campus lodging expenses can be estimated at € 5.7 million. In
addition to accommodation, the university student’s estimated expenses per academic year (9 months) are about € 14.3
million.
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The Lapta Health Centre serves with one general practitioner, one dentist and three nurses. A
paediatrician comes from Girne twice a week. The existing dentist unit performs only basic services
and needs to be improved. The health centre is poorly equipped and has an ambulance that lacks
essential emergency life-saving equipment. The centre provides twice monthly (for one day) health
monitoring services to the villages of Korucam, Kozan and Çamlibel (each one has a non-equipped
room for this service).
The Lefke Health centre has one ophthalmologist, one dentist and two nurses. The dentist unit
requires some additional equipment. The doctor from the health centre visits also Yeşilrmak village
once a week.
Elderly centres
In Lapta there is the only public retirement home for old aged people of the TCc. It provides services
to 30 elderly people mainly from the Girne District. The staffs of the retirement home include two
nurses and one physiotherapist as specialist and one part time psychologist. The retirement home
suffers from lack of enough staff and insufficient building conditions.
The municipalities of Güzelyurt and Lapta are implementing some social service activities (paying
bills, haircutting, health services, etc) for the village elderly people while similar functions are carried
out by a CSO in Lefke.
Kindergardens
In the NWA there are seven kindergardens two of which are public. Four are located in Güzelyurt (one
public), two in Lapta and one in Lefke (public). Given that there is a tradition to leave the children
within the family (grandparents, etc) and the fact that the private sector is active, the availability of
kindergardens appears adequate.
Sports and cultural centres
In terms of sport facilities, the NWA can be considered fairly well equipped including public stadiums,
basketball and volleyball facilities, public and private swimming pools and tennis courts. A golf course
is located in Lefke and is operated by the local Golf Club. Mainly these facilities are owned and
operated by public bodies or universities. Municipal fitness centres are also available in Lapta and in
Güzelyurt.
In terms of cultural facilities, both Guzelyurt and Lefke have municipal halls that are used for theatre
performances, concerts and conferences. Universities in the area also have such facilities. The only
movie hall (privately owned and operated) and the only public library of the NWA are located in
Güzelyurt. There are some NGOs in Güzelyurt that carry out cultural activities such as folk dances and
theatre.
Community transport
The municipalities in the NWA do not operate public transportation services as these are performed
by licensed private companies for a fee. Main routes are Lefke-Güzelyurt-Lefkosa, Lefke-GüzelyurtGirne, Lapta-Lefkosa and Lapta-Girne and means of transport are Dolmuş (minibuses) and buses.
Transport of university students to and from towns is ensured by the universities, whereas transport of
school children is ensured by contracted transport companies.
Downtown renovations
The downtown areas of the municipalities are very important for their image. In the NWA these are in
varied conditions. While Güzelyurt and Lapta have already launched with their budgets some projects
aiming at renovating their downtowns, Lefke is implementing a project to renovate the façades of the
buildings and shops in its centre with the support of UNDP.
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Challenges
The development of the NWA depends very much on the well being of the population. However, the
existing health and social facilities in the NWA are poor especially in the villages that exacerbates the
isolation feelings. The key challenges for the NWA are to improve:

The social infrastructure like internet connection in the villages. Considered as unsatisfactory at
the present stage, the lack of such infrastructure hampers the connection of the villagers with the
outer world, thus limiting knowledge and economic development.

The equipment of health centres with better medical and analytical equipments as well as mobile
health units/well equipped ambulances to serve the villages. Health centres need also more
general practitioners, laboratory and ambulance support staff.

Another key challenge for the NWA is the setting up of social centres for elderly people in the
villages, particularly for elder women (since the men go to the sports club/coffeehouse), for daily
activities, cooking, drawing, music, movies, etc.
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2. A rich natural and historical heritage
2.1 – Fragile and threatened environment
2.1.1 An environment that has been recently recognised
The NWA is well endowed with natural habitats and biodiversity. It includes the Akdeniz special
environmental protected area (SEPA), which is a potential NATURA 2000 area4 and the contiguous
western part of the Besparmak SEPA.
In the south of the NWA is a forested area at the foothills of the Troodos Mountains. In total the NWA
includes 15,838 ha of forestlands, 68% of which are in Lapta, 22% in Lefke and 10% in Güzelyurt
Municipalities.
The potential NATURA 2000 areas
This area, covering around 165 km2 (145 km2 in Akdeniz and 20 km2 in Besparmak mountain range),
is located at the back of the Korucam cape. Around 35 km of coastlines border the northern and
western sides. The area covers the western part of Besparmak range and for Akdeniz area starts on
the north coast from west of Kayalar village and continues along the west of Tepebaş and Çamlbel
villages up to Kalkanl village. At Kalkanl boundary of the area extends all the way to the Ikidere River
up to sea shore at west which also is the Kalkanl Valley area boundary. In the area there is one SEPA
(Akdeniz), and one proposed SEPA for the Besparmak mountain range).
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In the framework of the EU funded NATURA 2000 project, some investments and activities will be done (a visitor centre,
volunteer researcher centre, researcher centre and guard station in Akdeniz village, a bird watching tower near Kalkanli
pond, three cabins at the entrance point of Kalkanl monumental olive tree area, and entrances of north east and south
east of SEPA. In addition, 160 km of walking paths including signs, wooden and stone steps, and a wooden bridge will
be established. Two car parks will be established in the coastal zone including sign and information posts).
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The main reasons for selection of the sites as potential NATURA 2000 area are the existence of
internationally important flora and fauna and to the presence of important habitats which are listed in
Annex I of the Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of
natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora) and of a monumental olive grove at Kalkanl.
Habitats
The potential NATURA 2000 area includes hill-like formations, plains with forests, stream beds,
puddles and a coastal zone. In total there are 16 different habitats, three of which are conservation
priorities under the Habitats Directive (Dir 92/43/EEC) and 14 EUNIS habitats5. Because of lack of
access to the coastal areas north of Akdeniz village, some of the habitats have remained undisturbed,
particularly the vegetated sea cliffs of the Mediterranean coasts (with endemic Limonium spp.), the
embryonic shifting dunes and some inaccessible sandy bays.
The potential NATURA 2000 area includes the Kalkanli Monumental Olive grove. The area (about 40
ha) enjoys a special protected status as it hosts about 2,000 indigenous olive trees some of which are
around 500 years old or older (some are said to be about 700-800 years). The EU has recently
awarded two grants, one for the Development of the Quality of Life of Kalkanli Village and the second
for the protection of historical heritage olive trees and their exposure to tourism. (Annex 3 - NWA
habitats)
Flora
The Akdeniz SEPA is also inhabited by some very rare and endemic floral species, the most important
of which are the Cyprus orchid (Ophrys Kostchyi) that flowers in March–April around Kayalar village
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EUNIS: European Nature Information System (Species, Habitat types and Sites). Source of information is the Technical
Assistance for management and protection of potential Natura 2000 sites in the northern part of Cyprus
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and Cyprus Tulip (Tulipa Cypria) that can be found around Koruçam, Tepebaş and Geçitköy villages.
Both are listed under EU Annex II plant species and protected by the north Cyprus Flora-Fauna
Ordinance (21/97). In addition there are 20 other endemic plant species6 and 6 UICN threatened plant
species7. (Annex 4 - NWA flora)
Fauna
Akdeniz SEPA beaches are among the most important nesting areas in the Mediterranean basin for
green (Chelonia mydas) and loggerhead (Caretta caretta) marine turtles. Many tourists witness the
nesting and hatching of these turtles (one of the bases of the project for the census and protection of
the turtles is in Akdeniz). In addition to the sea turtles, the rare monk seal (Monachus monachus) visits
the area. A number of amphibians (namely the green toad Bufo Viridis, the lemon-yellow tree frog Hyla
Savignyi and the Cyprus marsh frog Rana cf Bedriagae) are to be found in specific habitats in the
NWA (reservoirs, ditches, etc). Also reptilians (chameleons, gekos, lizards and snakes), some of
which endemic and/or threatened (according to UICN Red List of threatened species 2007), are
present in the NWA. (Annex 5 - NWA fauna)
Cyprus is central to two main European bird
migration routes. This ensures that many
birds (several of which are listed Appendix I
species from the EU Birds Directive) come
across the island in their migrations to and
from breeding and wintering grounds. The
North-West Area includes among the best
bird-watching sites of Cyprus, such as the
three reservoirs in Akdeniz area and forests,
Cape Koruçam, the Geçitköy Reservoir and
the western part of the Besparmak range.
Among the 386 bird species for Cyprus, a
great part of them can be watched in the
NWA, including the 2 endemic species, the
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Anthemis tricolor, Asperula cypria, Astragalus cyprius, Ballota integrifolia, Crocus veneris, Ferulago cypria,
Helianthemum obtusifolium, Hypericum repens, Limonium albidum subsp. Cyprium, Odontites cypria, Onobrychis
venosa, Onopordum cyprium, Onosma caespitosum, Onosma fruticosum, Ornithogalum pedicellare, Pimpinella cypria,
Rosularia pallidiflora, Sedum lampusae, Senecio glaucus ssp. Cypria, Teucrium micropodioides.
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Achillea cretica, Aegilops bicornis, Cyclamen graecum, Dianthus tripunctatus, Euphorbia paralias, Orchis punctulata,
Serapias levantina). Some new and rare species have also been discovered in recent years (Phleum crypsoides, Papaver
rhoeas L. subsp. cyprium Chrtek et Slavík, Serapias aphroditae P. Delforge
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Cyprus Pied Wheatear (Oenanthe cipriaca) and the Cyprus Warbler (Sylvia melanothorax). (Annex 6 NWA birds)
The vast forest area of the Troodos foothills
The forest areas located on the foothills of the Troodos mountains amount to approximately 3,500 ha.
The main species are pines but there are also some other species such as Cypress (Cupressus
sempervirens), Stone Pine (Pinus pinea), Cyprus Acacia (Acacia Cyanophylla) and Juniper
(Juniperous Phoenicea). Almost the totality (95.7%) of the forests and forest lands are declared public
property given their scarcity, protection needs and strategic importance for the environment. Within
the forest lands there is a substantial collection of wild forest products that are for household use but
that are also sold in markets, along the roads and to processors to complement incomes. Main
products collected are: ayrelli 8(wild asparagus), wild mushrooms9, gabbar/caper10, alç11, sage and
thyme, pine kernels12, harup/carob13.
Beaches
The area has few equipped stony beaches. The CMC pollution had a great impact on the seashore of
Lefke, where the Yedidalga public beach and other private beaches, belonging to the main
restaurants of the area are not frequented by the tourists. The Lefke Municipality has recently been
awarded with an EU grant to improve its shore walk.
Lapta has some varied beaches but none of them proposes adequate services for tourists. It is the
case of Güzelyal beach by the end of Karşyaka and Caretta beach close to Akdeniz village, very well
known to be a turtle nesting area. This beach has a restaurant whose position and architecture in itself
represent an environmental damage. In the area of Kayalar, there are various stretches of sandy and
pebbly beaches, as well as some small secluded inlets. One of the best known beaches along this
coastal road is the Horseshoe Bay. Only one hotel beach fulfil tourism standards and for this reason it
is popular among European holiday operators. The Lapta Municipality has recently been awarded
with an EU grant to improve its coastal walkways.
8
Ayrelli is a popular product in Cyprus The collection is made during the winter/early spring.
Wild Mushrooms (Lactarius Deliciosus Red mushroom Krmz mantar, white mushroom Russula Delica, wild
Champignon, Agaricus Campestris), Pleurotus Eryngii Var. Ferulae, Morchella Conica, Coprinus comatus), are collected
in the forests during the rainy season.
10
Gabbar - Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) is a perennial wild spiny bush that grows on walls or in rocky coastal areas. It
bears rounded, fleshy leaves, buds and fruits which are collected and pickled.
11
Alç (Crataegus laevigata -Hawthorn) is a dry and mealy texture fruit. The fruit is used for producing jams and
preserves. The fruit pulp can be dried, ground into a meal and mixed with flour to make bread.
12
Pine kernels (pinus pinea).
13
Carob (Harup) pods is collected from carob trees which are spread in forest areas. The pods are sold to processing
factories located in Famagusta and which processes it for animal feed production and to exporters (exports of this
product have increased from 548 ton in 2007 to 575 ton in 2009).
9
15
16
2.1.2 An environment under important threats
Solid waste and waste water management in the NWA
Solid waste and waste water collection and treatment are under responsibility of the NWA
municipalities that mainly lack appropriate dump sites and comprehensive sewerage networks with
centralised Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTP).
Concerning the solid waste
The practice of burning solid wastes and/or of uncontrolled spontaneous fires in the dump areas
(Lefke’s dump is in the open CMC mine, Lapta’s in Dikmen and Guzelyurt’s in Kalkanl) cause serious
air pollution leading to health hazards (notably the release of dioxin in the air and bad smells).
Geologist’s reports state that Lefke’s dumpsite is impermeable and that no ground water pollution
occurs. In other cases, where dumpsites are not duly designed and protected, groundwater risks to
be polluted by the waste leaching and by industrial waste waters. The EU-funded Solid Waste
Management Project includes the construction of a central dumpsite for all northern Cyprus and a
solid waste transfer station in Güzelyurt area is going to be funded by the budget.
The fleet of garbage trucks and of garbage bins (in urban areas, villages and recreation areas) in the
NWA is insufficient to cover the increased needs resulting from the extension of the boundaries of the
Municipalities which dramatically increased the population to be served. In terms of garbage truck
fleet, Lefke owns 5 large garbage trucks, Lapta 5 and Güzelyurt 5 (additionally the municipality has 3
trucks and 3 small trucks for collecting green wastes and construction wastes, and a truck with
dipper).
There is no system in place for the differentiated collection of waste materials (paper, glass,
aluminium, other metals, plastics, batteries, exhausted oils, etc). Furthermore the Lefke hospital waste
is collected and disposed as normal waste, while it should be treated as a highly hazardous waste
and disposed accordingly.
16
17
Littering
Litter from city and village dwellers (household rubbish, plastic materials, bottles and cans), as well as
discarded construction waste materials (concrete, tiles, bricks, etc) are often dumped along rural
roads, in the forests (notable is the example of the Çamlibel forest), along the coast-line and in
streams, including very special protected areas such as the stream passing trough the monumental
olive grove of Kalkanli (which connects the Doganci Pond to the Güzelyurt Dam).
Discarding of plastic materials in agriculture
The NWA is an intensive agricultural area and many farmers (especially citrus farmers) discard the
empty agro-chemicals packing materials (cardboards, plastic boxes, metallic bins, glass) in the fields
after their use. This occurs especially near the water pumping stations (where they mix components
for the spraying). These materials are very dangerous for the environment and a serious health hazard
especially for children and animals. Other agricultural-generated plastics, such as fertiliser bags,
greenhouse plastics, old drip irrigation pipes, etc. are also often abandoned in the fields. These
materials are not easily biodegradable and stay in the fields and orchards for decades, or are washed
in the drainage systems (with implications in case of floods).
Concerning the waste water
The prevailing system for collection of household and public buildings waste waters is in septic tanks
that are periodically emptied using public or private sewage pumping trucks. The waste waters are
then disposed at the respective municipal dump sites.
However, the Güzelyurt municipality recently got an EU grant that will cover 50% of the investment
cost to construct a sewerage system and modern waste water treatment plant that will serve 21,500
population equivalents. Furthermore EU-funded plans and detailed designs for a sewage system and
waste water treatment plant are finalised and ready for tendering.
Lefke has a small waste water treatment plant with a capacity of 120 tons/day which serves around
175 houses in the Lefke/Karadağ area, a partial sewage system and a compact treatment plant. An
EU grant has been awarded in 2009 to the Development Association of Lefke and Surrounding
Villages for establishing a small treatment plant for the Cengiz Topel Hospital waste water and is
currently being implemented.
Lapta, has a sewerage network and waste water treatment plant only for the hotels near the sea
shore. A new project for the treatment of waste water of Çamlibel village has been started by the
Environmental Protection Department with Turkish Aid financial support.
The EUL and METU-NCC universities have their own sewerage and waste water treatment plants.
Food industry waste waters
Many agro-food industry wastes lack appropriate treatment plants. These effluents are currently
stored in sealed tanks at the plant and disposed untreated at the dumpsites or directly released in the
soil or in the rivers/creeks.
The CMC pollution
Copper mining in Lefke started in 1913 and continued
up to 1974 when the copper producing company CMC
(Cyprus Mining Company) left the area without any
intervention or precaution to prevent environmental
pollution.
The mining activity caused tremendous environmental
damage during its operation by destroying the plant
cover, digging up the hills and building the port (now in
ruins) to load the vessels. Since 1940 various minerals
including heavy metals and arsenic components have
been stored in large piles and in 12 waste pools
containing 8.5 million tons of mine wastes rich in
17
18
copper, zinc and cobalt and very
dangerous sulphites. The latter, coming in
contact with water and air, create acids that
pollute soil, water (surface, underground
and sea water) and air. As a first
precautionary measure a fence has been
set-up around the site and the civil society
of Lefke recently stepped up on this
problem and raised the awareness of the
UN and EU. The EU has funded a feasibility
study for the CMC rehabilitation, which
outlined the necessary works to be carried
out.
This area has been declared as free zone
by the Government and in 2007 has been
rented to the Port ISBI Company (Cyprus
Free Zone and Marine Logistics Services Ltd.) for a 49 years period on condition that the area is
rehabilitated and a commercial port is built (planned to be completed by 2015-2017).
The artisanal coal production (Gamini)
The Gamini, traditional brick towers where fuel wood is burned for charcoal production, release
carbon monoxide, smoke and smell. This pollution is far reaching in case of sea-borne winds and is a
nuisance to surrounding village populations, which claim the occurrence of increased morbidity
among children and elderly. There are about 75 of them in Gaziveren and Yayla, in isolated sites on
the western coast. As there is a high demand for coal, and availability of citrus wood from the
renovation of orchards, private entrepreneurs carry out this revenue-generating activity. The
authorities have undertaken measures to register them.
Beach sand quarrying
The removal of sand for the replenishment of tourist beaches in other parts of the island is particularly
damaging for the potential NATURA 2000 protected areas. This has affected particularly the beaches
around Korucam Burnu and the long beach south of Akdeniz village that are accessible to vehicles.
This activity is a threat to these habitats as it entails destruction of dunes and of their valuable
vegetation and sometimes depressions where salty water collects creating unnatural marches.
The uncontrolled construction
Due to its relative isolation, the NWA has had a reduced impact from construction of villages for
renting or second houses although some construction has already occurred in the coastal areas of
Gaziveren (Güzelyurt), but particularly in Sadrazamkoy and Kayalar (Lapta).
The misuse of agrochemicals
In agriculture, in particular the chemicals used for growing citrus crop have damaging effects on the
environment. Several pesticides, forbidden in EU, can still be purchased and used in northern part of
Cyprus. Rules to regulate the use of agrochemicals need to be adopted in concordance with the plant
health international requirements (Council Directives 2000/29/EC, 91/414 and Commission Directive
94/37/EC, the International Plant Protection Convention, the World Trade Organization Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures) and relevant Turkish Phytosanitary legislation (for exports to Turkey).
Compliance works/studies on this issue are conducted.
The aquifer depletion
In the NWA, there are three important aquifers, namely the Guzelyurt aquifer (of 180 Km2), the Lefke
aquifer of 8 Km2 and the Yesilirmak aquifer of 2.5 Km2. The water of the aquifers is extracted
principally for irrigation purposes.
The Güzelyurt aquifer is the largest and the most important underground water reservoir in northern
part of Cyprus, where it contributes substantially to the national economy. Agricultural production of
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19
Güzelyurt (mainly citrus fruits) generates about 80% of all foreign-currency income resulting from
exports. For irrigation purposes an estimated 2,400 wells (scattered all over the plain) have been dug
in the Güzelyurt plain at various times since 1950.
The excessive pumping of groundwater from the coastal aquifer has caused the groundwater level to
steadily decline since 1967. The natural water table in the northeast has so changed that it is now
lower than sea level, thus giving rise to seawater intrusion and salinisation of the aquifer. In order to
limit the usage of ground water, the TCc authorities issued a decision14 authorising the digging of
wells only for public use, thus limiting the increase of groundwater pumping.
Additionally, due to lack of appropriate wastewater management systems in the area, the aquifer
faces water pollution. This is particularly dangerous as water extracted from the aquifer serves the
cities of Nicosia and Famagusta.
2.2 – An heritage which would deserve a better consideration
2.2.1 Some key historical and social heritage…
14
Decision dated 09.04.2008 (S(K-II) (888-2008)
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20
Historical and cultural assets
The NWA has been at the crossroads of different civilisations and cultures. The main historical and
cultural elements that complement and support the leading tourist product, represented by the natural
habitats and biodiversity, are the following:
1.
The city of Soli: Established in 1100 BC the city includes: the Basilica, one of the earliest in
Cyprus, the Roman theatre, partly restored and still used for concerts and plays, and the still not
restored ruins of the temples of Isis, Aphrodite and Serapis.
2.
The Vouni palace: To day little remains of the once magnificent royal palace dating back to the
fifth century B.C. It was built on a spectacular hilltop overlooking Soli and offers a 360 degrees
panoramic view of the sea, of the Troodos mountain range, the Besparmak mountain range and
the central plain of Cyprus.
3.
The Ottoman heritage of Lefke town: Lefke is a town striking for its houses and mosques that
exemplify the traditional Ottoman, Turkish and Cypriot architecture; the oldest remaining houses
which reflect the architectural characteristics of the Ottoman period date mostly from the years
1900 to 1938. Remarkable is the Piri Osman Pasha mosque with the grave of the Vizier Osman
Pasha (1839).
4.
The Naqshbandi-Haqqani community: in Lefke is based Sheik Mehmet Nâzm Adil, leader of the
worldwide Naqshbandi-Haqqani Sufi Order. The Naqshbandi community, which includes resident
members from several countries, has an important impact on the municipality since each year
more than 3,000 people visit this community and participate into different community activities
(religious activities, date palm protection, restoration of old houses according to eco-friendly
techniques, etc).
5.
The Museum of Nature and Archaeology: Set up in 1979 in the building that was once the
Morphou Bishopric, the museum houses the archaeology section with displays of finds from
recent excavations (a golden crown, jewellery and metal cups). Outside the museum are
exhibited items from the Classical, Hellenistic and Roman periods.
6.
The Saint Mamas Monastery: Located in the town of Güzelyurt the church, that is said to host the
tomb of St Mamas, shows a remarkable carved wood iconostasis from the late sixteenth century.
The church is used by the orthodox community once a year (1st and 2nd September).
7.
The heritage of Lapta town: Lapta is one of the oldest inhabited sites of Cyprus drawing its origin
from the Phoenician city of Lambusa. The city hosts not less than 20 churches, monasteries and
mosques, among which the impressive monastery of Akhiropiitos or the Haydarpasazade
Mehmet Bey mosque.
8.
The Maronite community: The Maronite community of Cyprus, belonging to the Eastern Christian
cult of the Catholic Church, has been established in the island as far as the 8th century A.D. The
Maronites live mainly in the village of Korucam/Kormakitis and to a lesser extent in
Karpasa/Karpasha. Both villages have been recently awarded EU grants to improve their village
squares
20
21
The NWA boasts some other smaller archeological sites: The ruins of ‘Tumba Tou Skuru’ near
Güzelyurt (Bronze Age), The Bronze Age sanctuary near the village of Akdeniz (Lapta), The Bronze
Age shrine of Pigadhes near the village of Camlibel (Lapta). (Annex 7 - NWA historical heritage)
Festivals
There are eight festivals organised annually in the NWA; the most important ones are the Orange
festival of Güzelyurt, the International Music and Culture festival of Lefke, and the tourism festival of
Lapta.
Most of them propose interesting and diversified activities that could be complementary like music,
folklore performances, food specialities and local handicrafts. However, these festivals are poorly
advertised and more oriented to satisfy local population meeting and amusement expectations than
to attract tourists (Annex10 - NWA festivals).
21
22
An embryonic handicrafts sector
Every year the Ministry of Education conducts training programs on handicrafts for women in the
villages. In the NWA, in the last two years (2009-10), the courses were conducted in Hisarköy (Lapta),
Yeşilyurt, Doğanc and Lefke (Lefke), Kalkanl and Güzelyurt. Lapta Municipality is also planning to
start a village women courses in Karşyaka. The instructors teach village women a range of traditional
handicrafts. The courses are conducted in any places available in the villages under very primitive
conditions, and mainly housewives attend them as a socializing affair; the works are mainly done for
self-use, and very few women earn money from selling handicrafts.
With reference to tourist oriented products most of the handicrafts are produced in traditional and oldfashioned ways. Under the existing conditions there is no relation with modern needs and fashion
industry. The instructors in the village
women courses are those who have
been trained in a traditional ways and
lack of capacity to improve the design
of these handicrafts, and to apply them
in accordance with the modern needs
of both local and foreign people.
The handicrafts are not seen as a
professional and profitable activity by
the local people, and there is no
organized and regular market for the
handicrafts in the area. So the people
who produce and want to sell the
handicrafts cannot reach those who
may want to buy them. Most
handicrafts are sold in fairs and
festivals.
2.2.2 – ….but neglected and under-valorised
The Department of Antiquity and Museums registers 130 historical and monumental sites in the NWA.
These monuments are under public control and any renovation (under the responsibility of the
owners or users) should be prior approved by the Department of Antiquity and Museums. In practice
only the sites of Soli and Vouni (Lefke Municipality) as well as the Saint Mamas church and the
museum of Nature and Archaeology (Güzelyurt Municipality) have been protected, maintained and
guarded. Other historical sites are not adequately maintained and are consequently in an exhausted
condition. A satisfactory inquiry, aimed at identifying visitors’ needs and suggestions, has not been
performed in some of these cultural sites.
22
23
The majority of the old houses in Lefke are listed by the Department of Antiquity and Museums;
nevertheless this heritage is degrading due to the lack of interest and/or funds from owners and
public bodies. Moreover there is no information on the spot about the history of the city and of its
remarkable heritages.
Despite the low attention given to the historical & architectural heritage, most of the cultural assets of
the NWA are presented in many existing websites and brochures presenting the northern part of
Cyprus, but in a poor and disorganised manner and without connection among different sites;
moreover any signalisation and advertisement on the spot is missing.
The Department of Antiquity and Museums employs non English-speaking staffs for ticket selling,
there are no reception facilities on the sites (toilets, bar, curio shop). No guides are available on the
spot for individual visitors, guides are normally provided by tour operators that organise groups.
The museum of Nature and Archaeology is run by the Department of Antiquity and Museums which
has allocated three staffs (non English speaking) for the management of the structure. Despite the
quality of the pieces exposed and the newly reshaped museology on the first floor, the masterpieces
of the collection are not emphasized.
Regarding Saint Mamas (church and monastery) the larger part of the buildings are improperly used
for business purposes, ranging from lawyers’ offices to a television company.
In spite of the historical and cultural potential, all these issues causes a very low number of visitors.
According to the entry figures of the mentioned protected sites, around 23,000 visitors were
registered in 2008 (of which 15,300 ticket paying), which represent only 5% of the estimated tourists
which visited northern part of Cyprus in that year.
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Challenges
Waste water - The urban waste water collection and disposal systems in the NWA are not satisfactory
from environmental and health safety points of view. The new systems (sewerage and WWTP) that are
being put in place will cover just a small part of the territory and, in general, the situation requires
urgent investments, including the utilisation of the effluents from the waste water treatment plants for
agricultural purposes.
Food industry liquid effluents can be highly dangerous for the environment and for human health.
Dairy, slaughterhouses and olive-oil mills effluents are classified as pollutants requiring special
treatments and should not be dispersed in the environment as such. Special policies that support the
establishment of treatment plants (at the level of the single industrial facility or for a group of milk
processors, or the olive oil processors, or meat processor plants) should be pursued.
Water resource development should be primarily focused on preserving the aquifer in terms of a
more balanced extraction (reduced pumping and improved replenishment of the aquifer) and
preserving the groundwater quality. In the irrigation sector, the needed measures are of a dual nature.
First, the drip irrigation systems which have been deployed in most irrigated areas need to be more
efficiently used by farmers. Thus a more intensive effort by local agricultural administrations (mainly in
the Güzelyurt plain) needs to be implemented to explain to farmers the need and techniques for
reducing irrigation water usage without yield losses. Secondly, a form of water rationing needs to be
adopted in the Güzelyurt area so that the groundwater can be shared out equitably across farmers.
Furthermore, a moratorium on the development of new irrigated areas must be submitted. To do this
the main instrument appears to be the strengthening of the existing water user associations.
Construction - Although construction has been less developed that in other areas of the northern part
of Cyprus, there is however a risk that holiday villages could be planned and built along the few sandy
stretches of the western coast. There is a Government programme to introduce the spatial planning in
the NWA but since updated spatial planning and construction regulations are still missing; this
situation could become very dangerous in the next future. The end of the current world economic
crisis could rapidly affect the precious, still untouched, environmental resources. It is therefore
indispensable and urgent to enact the relevant legislation empowering local authorities of the effective
control on territorial development.
Beaches - The beaches situation in the NWA is, from a LEADER approach point of view, an
opportunity for tourists who don’t consider sea & beach as the first reason of their holiday in northern
Cyprus.
The beaches should be protected (from construction, from abstraction of sand/gravel, etc),
maintained (cleaned) and valorized (through increasing the offer of activities for tourists that are
environmentally consistent with the importance of the beach in biodiversity terms)
Due to the situation, it is necessary, especially in view of the strategic aim of developing the market for
rural tourism in the NWA, to work on the development of integrated packages that combine both the
rural heritage of the NWA with more attractive sea/sun areas of northern Cyprus such as the Karpaz.
Festivals - In terms of cultural events the local operators need a temporally expanded calendar of
events (all year long) and a bigger variety of events in order to give the tourists more chances to
spend their time and money in the area. The local economy could greatly benefit from the impact of
such structured and professionally organised events and festivals (especially if related to the vocation
and uniqueness of the area). Niche modern tourists (and in particular those who choose rural
holidays) are willing to spend for what is original and reflects the local vocation, culture and traditions,
while they are not interested in what is done just for tourism purposes.
Handicrafts - Handicrafts could be an interesting complementary activity for tourism sector, mainly
for those traditional, folkloric products that are linked to the territory as happens in most of the tourist
Mediterranean destinations; see for instance turquoise jewellery, carpets and embroidery in many
Turkish renown destinations.
24
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3. Economy
3.1 – An economy based on small and micro enterprises
The NWA business environment is characterised essentially by few small enterprises and a large
number of micro enterprises. In total around active 720 enterprises are listed in the combined
registers of the Chamber of Industry, of the Chamber of Commerce and of the Chamber of
Shopkeepers and Artisans.
According to the combined registers almost half of them are retailers/shop keepers, 20% are artisans
(mechanics, wood workers, iron workers, barbers, etc), 10% are in the construction business, 7% are
producers/processors (mostly agriculture related but also furniture, metal, plastics, etc), 5% are
traders wholesalers and 5% are tourism operators (hotel, restaurants). The majority of the enterprises
(51%) are located in villages, followed by 43% in the town centres and 6% in the industrial areas. This
is explained by the fact that the enterprises in the villages and towns are mainly micro-enterprises
(shops, café, etc), while enterprises working in the industrial areas are supposed to be larger. In terms
of geographical repartition, Güzelyurt municipality has the highest number of enterprises (around
60%), followed by Lefke (24%) and Lapta (16%).
In general people of NWA have an entrepreneurial mentality and are ready to take risks in establishing
or improving enterprises. This partially depends on the fact that most of enterprises are family-based
and household income sources are diversified (salaries from civil service or pensions, agricultural
production, rents, etc.).
The Chamber of Shopkeepers and Artisans has recently started an initiative to establish an
Apprenticeship and Adult Training Centre in the Lefkosa Industrial Zone with financial support of
European Commission. In this center, tree-years vocational training will be provided on ten different
vocations. Another recent development related to vocational training is a three years technical
assistance project funded by the EU that aims at capacity improvement in related organizations
(including ministries of education, labour, and vocational schools), standard setting up, programs and
curriculum development. The government is also planning to establish a Centre for Supporting Small
and Medium Size Industry with support of the Turkish Government, and working on legislation for
establishing this centre.
The entrepreneurship in the area is not supported by a clear analysis and risk appraisal.
Entrepreneurs make their investments without feasibility studies and long term strategic planning. In
this sense enterprises need advisory services that also inform them about international production
standards and external marketing.
Artisanal enterprises could improve their capacities through small technological changes but suffer
from the lack of appropriate technologies due to financial burdening and face adaptation problems in
using new and high technologies. The artisans are also under the threat from the unfair competition
by unregistered enterprises, that are estimated at 30 percent of total enterprises,.
The artisanal enterprises have also problems in finding qualified staff due to lack of sufficient training
facilities; although there are two vocational high schools in the area, their education curriculum is not
structured in accordance with the market demand. Apprenticeship could be an important mechanism
to develop qualified staff in this sector but, as young people (including offspring of the artisan) prefer
to find job in government sector, these enterprises can hardly find apprentices, and face the risk of
disappearance.
Key sectors of the NWA economy are agriculture, food-processing and construction (the latter sector
is beyond the scope of the present strategy and is not analysed). Fisheries and tourism are minor
sectors occupying a small amount of the labour force.
3.2 – Agriculture and food processing: the key economic branch
Due to the NWA’s favourable climate, flat and partly hilly landform, fertile soils and water availability,
agriculture is a key economic sector particularly in the Güzelyurt and Lefke Municipalities. In the NWA,
more than half of the land and the great majority of water are used for crop production. Farmers are
mostly part-time producers and experienced in their work and are supported by the agricultural
25
26
university and by the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources’ local offices in Güzelyurt and
Lefke. The local Veterinary office is located also in Güzelyurt.
Crop Production
The NWA is a producer of a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, which distinguish it from the rest of
the northern part of Cyprus. Overall it accounts for 93% of total fruits and for about 50% of total
vegetables produced in the TCc.
Citrus. Oranges, grapefruit, lemons, mandarin, and other are the main NWA crop (117,560 tons
produced in 200815) constituting 98% of the total northern Cyprus production. Orchards are grown
under irrigation and mainly located in the Güzelyurt plain (84%) and in Lefke (15%). The citrus farms
are predominantly small scale and 2,900 citrus farmers are registered. Total citrus area in Güzelyurt
and Lefke is about 40,835 dönums. Especially in the Güzelyurt area, citrus orchards have declined
dramatically in the last decades due to the lowering of the water table and groundwater salinisation.
With notable exceptions (especially in Lefke and in some areas of Güzelyurt) the quality of the citrus
fruit and the yields are low due to salty water, lack of proper agronomic practices, aged trees and
commercially obsolete varieties. The government is subsidizing the replacement of old trees with new
drought-resistant and more marketable varieties. Generally citrus farmers do not adopt an Integrated
Crop Management Practice 16 (ICP); continue the usage of chemicals that causes soil and water
pollution and affects the bee industry. There is a need for improving the law enforcement in order to
prevent uncontrolled usage of chemicals (fertilizers, pesticides, etc).
The larger part of citrus production (70% in 2008) is for export, main destinations are: Turkey 69%
(mainly for processing), Eastern countries (Russia, Ukraine, Moldova) 21% and EU-27, 10%. The rest
is sold on the domestic market as fresh produce or is processed into concentrate (about 500 tons
produced in 2008). There are several packaging & export companies (CYPFRUVEX, Legnar and other
private companies).
Vegetables. Vegetable production is very varied and substantial in the NWA, both cultivated in-field
and under greenhouses/tunnels. There are around 39 ha estimated to be under greenhouses and
tunnels in the NWA, or 34% of the total TCc. Crops cultivated under greenhouses are cucumbers,
squashes, eggplants, pepper, beans, tomatoes, sweet melons, watermelons and bamya-okra. Total
production of these is around 2,100 tons, mainly located in Güzelyurt (90%). Flowers are also
cultivated under controlled conditions.
15
The production figures are based on the year 2008 that was a particularly dry. The figures are taken from the
Agriculture Structure and Production 2008, Statistic and Planning Office.
16
The use of appropriate agrochemicals (pesticides, and fertilizers) in the appropriate quantities and timing
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27
The key crop is Potato (7,300 Tons
in 2008, or 42% of the TCc), which
is mainly grown in Güzelyurt (58%)
and Lefke (42%). Slightly more
than half of the potatoes (53%) are
harvested in autumn and the rest is
in the spring. Potato is a well
known Cyprus traditional product,
which is grown in red soils. Potato
sector has difficulties in marketing.
It is sold in bulk. Storage facilities
are scarce and only spring potato can be sold under the Green line regulation.
Other root, bulb and tuberous crops are grown in the NWA (kolokas, onions, garlic, beets, carrots,
radish) amounting to 4,000 Tons, or 78% of the total TCc. About half are cultivated in Güzelyurt and
the other half in Lefke. Kolokas is a special product of the Yeşilrmak area, in Lefke.
In the NWA are cultivated a number of leafy or edible stem vegetables (artichoke, cabbage, leek,
orache, spinach, molohia, parsley, celery, lettuce and coriander) amounting to 3,566 Tons or 46% of
the total TCc. Güzelyurt accounts for 48% of production followed by Lefke with 44%. Artichoke
plantation is expanding in the Güzelyurt area as there is high demand for this product, although this
culture requires high volumes of irrigation water.
Total production of fruit bearing vegetables (tomato, cucumber, eggplant, bamya-okra, pepper,
squash, melon, watermelon, strawberries, fresh beans and peas) is around 13,000 tons or 64% of the
TCc total. About 44% are cultivated in Lefke, followed by Lapta 31% (since Çamlbel, Akdeniz,
Tepebaş, Hisarköy villages have water availability) and by Güzelyurt 24% (Bostanci village). Among
these are to be noted the production of un-irrigated melons in Lapta and of conventional or soil lessgrown strawberries in Yeşilrmak (Lefke).
Olives. Irrigated olive yards have proven to be economically viable and consequently are becoming
increasingly important for the NWA. The bulk (94%) of the yards is concentrated in Lefke and a lesser
part in Güzelyurt. Modern olive yards have spread in recent years with government support (many
farmers are replacing citrus orchards with olive trees, especially where water quality and quantity is
low). Generally, the ‘local Cypriot’, ‘Gemlik’ (Turkey origin, for table and oil), ‘Ayvalik’ (Turkey origin,
for oil), and other varieties of Spanish and Greek origin (for oil) are planted.
Main products are the table green olive (Çakstes17) and the olive oil (in the green form and the black
boiled olive oil - Karayağ), domestic demand for both exceeds the local supply and the balance is
satisfied by substantial imports (50 tons of olive oil in 2008 and 800 tons of table olives green and in
brine).
17
Çakistes: Crushed and marinated green olives which are collected early. It is a favourite Turkish Cypriot appetizer,
served with olive oil, coriander seed, garlic and lemon juice.
27
28
Producers are mainly small and market directly their own product. There are few oil mills that market
bottled/labelled olive oil on the domestic market; a common label indicating the origin of oil from NWA
doesn’t exist.
Other Fruits. The NWA produces other fruits such as Apricots, Peaches, Plums (929 Tons in 2008, or
66% of the TCc) and apples/pears
(384 Tons in 2008, or 73% of the
TCc). The market for these fruits is
mainly domestic, and they are sold
in municipal markets, supermarkets
and retailers.
Other important productions are:
Grape, 419 Tons in 2008, or 32% of
the TCc, (Lefke is the main land of
vineyards which account for 76% of
the territorial total. Güzelyurt area
covers 14% and Lapta 10%). Main
varieties are Sultana (for dried
fruits), table grapes and wine
grapes. Pomegranate production
amounted to 367 Tons in 2008, or
55% of the TCc, (intensive
plantations
are
located
in
Güneşköy, Taşpnar, Bostanc, Güzelyurt and Yeşilrmak). The producers formed a union and have
established a processing and packaging plant (ALNAR). Part of the grape and pomegranate are
processed respectively into wine and concentrate.
Nuts/walnuts, 179 Tons in 2008, or 30% of the TCc, famous are the walnuts produced in Lefke.
Niche/Residual products. Avocado, Mango and other tropical fruits are increasingly cultivated to fill
market niches. Date palm trees are grown scattered in small plots in Lefke, the majority of which is
neglected by the land holders due to high labour costs. The leaves were used in the past to weave
baskets to carry copper from the mines. There seems to be some potential to grow dates palm in
Güzelyurt area since they are adapted. The market for dates is not organized and the value of this
product has decreased. A few traders are controlling the sales.
Supported by UNDP-PFF, a small nucleus of farmers has entered into organic farming. In the NWA
there are only four certified organic farmers producing dates, olives, grapes and vegetables, peaches,
apricots, plums, strawberries. The main problem faced by the organic producers is the initial and
subsequent annual certification costs.
Animal Husbandry
The importance of livestock activities in the NWA is reduced compared with the crop production
sector, and do not represent the main source of income. Overall milk production in the NWA amounts
to 14,667 Tons in 2008, or 13-14% of the TCc total, while meat production amounts to 1,400 tons or
18% of the TCc total.
Cow milk production in NWA was 11,663 tons in 2008, or 12% of the TCc total, predominantly in
Güzelyurt (56%) followed by Lapta (27%) and Lefke (17%). The importance of Sheep and goat milk
production is higher (3,000 tons in 2008, or 23% of the TCc total). The production is mainly located in
Güzelyurt and Lapta (respectively 45% and 36%) and the remaining 18% in Lefke. Cow and sheep
and goat milk market is organized by SÜTEK who sells to packagers and processors, but some
households produce their own traditional cheese.
Cow meat production in NWA was 491 tons while sheep and goat meat was 998 tons, reflecting the
same percentages compared to the TCc total and geographical distribution as for the milk
28
29
production. Animals are sold to butchers who slaughter in the public slaughterhouses. An expensive
and highly demanded, traditional product, known as Samarella18, is produced in the area.
Honey production (for the majority citrus) in the NWA is estimated at about 150-200 tons in 2008.
Local demand for citrus honey is low and the ‘mountain’ honey is preferred. Local production is
threatened by imports. A few beekeepers from Yayla, Gaziveren, Koruçam, Karsiyaka, Kozanköy,
Çamlbel, and Bağlköy are dealing with large size production and control the market. As a new
initiative, there is a new cooperative which has been established. Only a few brand names exist in the
market such as Bahçvan, Kantara and Oltan. Other apiculture products (royal jelly, propolis and
pollen) have no market. Misuse of pesticides in citrus orchards and fly-fighting chemicals are threats
for bee colonies.
A weak food processing industry
The agricultural potential of the NWA provides opportunities for the development of industrial and
commercial enterprises. These opportunities remain unattended and unexploited due to external
trade difficulties. The majority of the small and micro size industrial enterprise in the area is based on
processing and packaging of agricultural products such as citrus, potatoes, olive, artichoke, milk and
honey (there are also small carpentry and plastic establishments producing citrus packing boxes).
The sector is strictly linked to the agricultural production, any decrease, for instance in citrus
production affects proportionally the industry.
18
Samarella is a traditional Cypriot preserved dry meat, usually goat, which is salted, cured and sun-dried for
preservation. It was made in Limassol and Dillirga regions but today the people who migrated from these villages
continue to the same tradition. It is expensive and highly demanded in the market
29
30
For most of the processed agricultural products, the volume of production exceeds local demand and
have thus to be exported. For this purpose a general need is the improvement of capacities of
processing enterprises in certification, packaging and labelling.
Citrus, olives and grapes are the only crops which have a sizeable downstream packaging/processing
sector. One private company dealing with citrus has recently been awarded an EU grant to modernise
its equipment for agro-processing. Part of the oranges is processed into concentrate at CYPFRUVEX.
There is also one private initiative for fresh juice production in Güzelyurt (Saldam Co.).
At present five olive mills operate in the NWA. One is a traditional olive mill in Lefke (in Lefke there is
also a packaging plant for table olives). Two olive mills, namely Kalkanl and Aydn (Güzelyurt), are
newly established (one has a bottling line) and process olive by modern continuous system. The
other two are in Gemikonağ and Karşyaka (Lapta). There is one winery associated with vineyards
(2.5 ha) in Geçitköy. It produces around 5,000 bottles sold under the brand Saint Hilarion.
The NWA is a strong producer of the famous Hellim (Halloumi)19 There are two cheese factories in
Çamlibel and Güzelyurt and some traditional producers in Akdeniz, Çamlibel and Bağlköy. Hellim is a
traditional Cypriot product that is also popular in the Middle East to which it is exported.
In the area there are some traditional micro-enterprises for the production of specialty products such
as: pekmez20, macun21, uzum sucuk22,zivania23, samarella, sujuk24, pastrma25, zeytinli26, hellimli27,
peksemet28, pilavuna29 etc.
These are traditional, niche products which should be promoted as local assets. However, the
processing and marketing of these products is very backward and disorganized. Few and small size
producers sell to their family and friends, there is no brand name or local name and packaging is
ordinary and not attractive for tourist purposes. Some small size business initiatives have started and
are ‘success stories’ such Elye Co in Doğanc village (for macun) and the hellim plant in Çamlibel (for
traditional hellim production).
3.3 – Fishery: a poorly equipped sector
Notwithstanding the important fishing potential and the government support to registered fishermen
(covering in average 50% of the required expenses to run fishing activities), artisanal fishing is limited
in the NWA. There are three boat shelters, one in Lefke and two in the Lapta municipalities.

Gemikonağ shelter (Lefke district) is the most important, accounting for 42 professional vessels
and 10 non professional vessels.

Lapta shelter (Lapta district) has 11 professional vessels and 6 non professional vessels)

Kayalar shelter (Lapta district), the smallest and the most basic one and has 2 professional
vessels and 2 non professional vessels.
19
Traditional cheese made from a mixture of goat's and sheep milk, although some also contains cow milk. It has a high
melting point and can easily be fried or grilled. Generally home production is done in poor hygienic conditions.
20
Pekmez is a traditional dense juice made up from grapes and carob.
21
Macun is a name given for a preserved sweet made from various fruits such as walnut, citrus and bergamot, figs and
watermelon. Macun is a popular traditional product in the local market.
22
Uzum Sucuk is also a preserved sweet made from pekmez and walnut.
23
Zivania is a traditional Cypriot beverage, a distillate produced in the island of Cyprus from pomace (or marcs), the
residue of grapes that were pressed during the winemaking process (including the stems and seeds) mixed with highquality dry wines produced from the local grape varieties of Cyprus.
24
Sujuk (sucuk) is a form of raw sausage (made with beef meat and a range of spices, especially garlic, slightly similar to
Spanish chorizo) commonly eaten with breakfast.
25
Pastrma is another famous beef delicacy. Both pastrma and sujuk can be put in kuru fasulye (dry beans) to enrich the
aroma. Both can be served as a meze as well.
26
Zeytinli is a Cypriot savory pastry made with Olives. It is made my mixing hamur and olives and onions, It is also
suitable for breakfast
27
Hellimli is a Cypriot savory pastry made with Halloumi cheese
28
Peksimet (Dryed bread sticks)
29
Pilavuna (Traditional savory buns)
30
31
These shelters are in very unsatisfactory infrastructure and equipment conditions. None of these
shelters has specific facilities for landing, storage and sale of fishery products, facilities for vessel
maintenance, water, fuel and ice supply are also lacking. The existing shelter installations do not
provide the necessary safety on board and do not meet the requirements for consumption and food
safety. Infrastructure such as quays, warehouses and locations for first sale is missing in these
shelters.
Fishing boats are generally small (average below 12 meters long), backward and poorly equipped. All
of them are made in wood or in fiber hulls and equipped with low power engines (average 54 KW).
This type of boats does not use towed gears, but use stationary gears: long line, bottom line, gill nets
and traps. They are in poor technical conditions and poorly maintained, while health, sanitary and
safety conditions aboard need to be improved; in particular, they lack cold storage facilities.
The main landed species are pelagic fish like Groupers, Tuna, Scorpion fish, Pandora, Lahoz, Red
Mullet, White Sea-Bream, Common Two-Banded Sea-Bream and Mackerel (Annex 8 - NWA fishery
shelters and boats).
3.4 – Tourism: A sector with scope for improvement
Tourist enterprises in NWA mainly suffer from low tourist visits (low rate of room occupancy) and the
high turnover/low staff qualifications. Turnover of staff in this sector is high because the majority are
seasonal workers from Turkey and staff training programs are not effective. A deeper analysis of the
tourism rural sector shows that actually most of rural tourist operators or potential ones have serious
deficiencies in:
1)
Foreign language skills and internet knowledge. In the modern tourism industry, English
language and internet are two assets that make the difference in promoting destination and
tourist products.
2)
Defining the uniqueness of their offer (both in destination and product meaning)
3)
Qualification of their product in respect of their tradition, way of style and culture
31
32
4)
Marketing and promoting the destination, the products and the experience(s) that can take place
in this rural area
Even if it is clear that rural tourism can’t be managed as mass tourism in the NWA area, it is important
to point out that the current organisation of the tourism sector is a very serious obstacle in qualifying,
promoting and marketing potential and emerging tourism rural products and services.
Nowadays, local tourism suppliers (hotels and service providers that organise mini tours or daily
excursions) must mandatorily refer to authorised local travel agencies to sell their tourism products to
foreign tour operators.
The consequence is that for most of the international tour operators interested in rural tourism in NWA
the “distribution channel” is too long and costly. Modern niches in rural experience (knowledge of
local communities, buying of local products and so on) look more in terms of quality experience
rather than type of package tours. So if the sharing of experience from local tourism suppliers to
potential clients has a potentially great appeal, the presence of a third partner (i.e. the local travel
agency) that doesn’t know the market, the real life on the spot can negatively interfere in the
communication between the local service supplier and the potential clients (foreign tour operators).
In order to stimulate the NWA’s potential tourist destination, it would be useful to adapt the legal
framework to allow the local tourism suppliers to market their own products directly to foreign tour
operators.
Accommodation facilities
According to official figures, in 2008 less than 2% of the tourists staying in northern part of Cyprus
were accommodated in the NWA. Accommodation capacity in the NWA is essentially located in Lapta
town with 29 hotels and bungalows with capacity of 2,200 pax, whereas the capacities of Lefke and
Güzelyurt are way behind, respectively 42 and 176 (Annex 9 - Hotel frequentation of the north part of
Cyprus and NWA).
The seaside resort of Lapta town was one of the primary tourist spots of north Cyprus but has
declined over the last 10 years. A wide range (50% of the total hotel bed capacity) of ageing 3* hotels
are providing accommodation services in the area. Lapta is territorially contiguous, making a unique
tourist strip, with Kyrenia but the quality of hotels in Girne and the dynamic marine location weaken
the competitiveness and the area therefore suffers.
Bölgesel açdan Lapta, bitişik olduğu Girne ile eşşiz bir turistik bölge oluşturmakta olmasna rağmen,
Girne’de bulunan otellerin kalitesi ve dinamik liman kenti özelliği rekabet edilebilirliği zayflatmakta ve
bölge, bundan dolay zarar görmektedir.
As the rest of the island, the hotel industry of the NWA is facing a deep crisis. As consequence in
Lapta, the closing of 5 hotels and bungalows in the last years represented a drop of 30% in terms of
beds capacity and a loss of 50% in terms of clients. The average nights spent by tourist in Lapta is of
five nights which is largely higher than in the rest of the island (3 nights) and confirms the regular
basis of the clients in the town and motivations (not attached to casino purpose). The clients use to
come regularly in Lapta mainly due to the presence of relatives and/or friends.
In Lefke a recently restored hotel offers a unique example of re-using a traditional house enhancing
the rural and historical heritages of the area. Nevertheless, due to the very basic comfort of the hotel
and to the limited offer of activities that cannot keep tourists for more than one day, most of the clients
are middle range visitors of the Naqshbandi community.
As the LEADER approach for the NWA considers that the accommodation is closely linked with the
global development strategy of the area (i.e: valorising the cultural, historical and environmental
heritages as well as improving the economic and social conditions of the population) the lack of a
typical or traditional accommodation network encourages the launching of a reflection about the
implementation of new models of rural accommodation.
Successful LEADER experiences in similar Mediterranean areas (for example Sardinia, etc)
demonstrate that once the uniqueness of the area is settled (in terms of valorisation of local assets such as historical, natural, eno-gastronomic, etc - through different actions – such as animation,
32
33
training, education, restoration, etc) and that the accommodations reflect the soul/image of the place,
the coherence of the tourist product is reached. In Lefka area for example, where according to a
certain niche market target there is a very high energy spring combined with existing cultural/religious
factors, a spontaneous flow of international tourism has developed, interested in holistic and new age
subjects such as medicinal herbs, homeopathy, natural products, etc.
Activities proposed to the tourists.
The hotels are generally equipped with swimming pools and/or beaches. However, the few activities
on offer for tourists within the area represent the main complaint of the clients. The presence of
Besparmak and Akdeniz is often mentioned as source of interest, particularly for green activities.
Travel agencies propose a one day tour going through Soli, Vouni, the museum of Nature and
Archaeology and the Saint Mamas monastery in Güzelyurt. A lunch stop is often planned in the main
restaurants of Lefke area even if some complaints came up about the level of services offered by
these restaurants.
Individual visitors interested by green tourism normally allocate one/two days in the Akdeniz area
where some places could be visited like the blue house, the Maronite community, the Kalkanli
Monumental Olive Grove etc. Nevertheless the general feeling is of disappointment due to the lack of
information and facilities on the spot, and the lack of traditional accommodations, restaurants and
other amenities.
Tourism marketing and promotion.
There is a wide range of brochures and websites promoting the tourist assets of the NWA. Most of the
brochures are commercially oriented, displaying information and publicity in such way that the
essential information is often confused and places are superficially described, particularly for the
tourists searching for sound information on the NWA’s natural and cultural heritage.
Some brochures promote exclusively the town centres without showing all the assets of the
municipality which could bring an interesting and a new vision of the area.
The TC authority in charge of the tourism publishes a wide range of documents and proposes a
website30. These brochures, although delivered under different layouts and written in different
languages, have the same contents. Besides, they are not tailored for geographically different tourists
(English, German, Italian, etc) and different thematic issues (nature, culture, etc).
These brochures are often out of stock and difficult to find, only available at the headquarters of the
institution in Nicosia, sometimes at the hotel desks. The Cyprus Turkish tourist guides association
publishes an interesting semi-annual magazine and proposes a website31 tourist information oriented
on historical and rural heritage.
In the North West Area there is only one tourism information office on the main costal road located in
Cengizköy (Lefke municipality). This information office has only one staff with no foreign language
skills. No information and centers are located at the border.
In most of available tourist information media (brochures, web-sites, etc), the NWA area disappears
inside the overall presentation of the northern part of Cyprus destination. With the exception of Soli
and Vouni archeological sites, the Orange festival in Güzelyurt and some other cultural attractions in
Güzelyurt region, no other information is given to potential tourists. Concerning active tourism
(trekking, mountain biking, etc) international tourist guides provide wrong or incomplete information
(such as the impossibility to rent bikes or mountain bikes in northern part of Cyprus). In some cases,
these guides give a very sad image about some TCc areas32.
In the NWA no customer assessment has ever been done (through satisfaction questionnaires) to
evaluate the tourist needs and comments. Moreover, no tour operator’s inspection visits or foreign
media familiarization trips have been organized on the ground to promote the rural offer of the NWA.
30
www.northcyprus.cc
www.kitreb.org
32
The Lonely Planet guide about Guzelyürt “it has no interest for the traveler that could see just broken roads and few old
shops”.
31
33
34
This causes a lack of communication about the real value of the region and its existing or potential
tourist products.
Challenges
Agriculture and agro-processing are the main economic sectors of the area and present several
important problems that can be roughly summarised as follows: marketability of citrus varieties,
ageing of groves, absence of fruits & vegetables market organization, lack of producer groups
(cooperatives, etc), poor processing, packing, storage & marketing capacity, low entrepreneurs
knowledge about business planning, standards, labelling, etc.
Due to trade difficulties and isolation, agro-industrial and commercial enterprises have been mainly
shaped for addressing the domestic demand. This has in turn brought some standardization
problems that prevent these enterprises from exporting and competing on external markets. In terms
of standardization, the basic problems are lack of information about EU and international standards,
insufficient machinery and tools in enterprises (e.g. product classification/sorting and labelling
machines, laboratory equipments, etc.), and lack of knowledge on how to use these machines.
Another problem in exporting agricultural products (raw or processed) is the lack of cold storage at
farm level and at ports that is compensated by cold containers brought by Turkish export companies,
that increase the cost of transportation and decrease the negotiation power of Turkish Cypriot
companies.
Fishery. Within the context of eco- tourism which appears as main driving axis for the NWA, fishing
boats could be used as tourist activities such as angling for special interest tourism groups.
According to Livestock Department - Fishery section, there is high international demand for angling.
Although angling of blue fin tuna, sword fish and other local species is a popular activity among
tourists, this activity is not developed in the NWA, whose waters are instead exploited by
Kyrenia/Girne-based professional tourist boats proposing daily trips. Within the context of developing
sustainable tourism for NWA, registered artisanal fishing boats (adequately equipped for this activity
in terms of safety) should be allowed to embark tourists for angling or diving in the NWA waters. This
could provide an additional source of income for fishermen, contribute to their economic viability and
reduce their dependence on subsidies. This requires the issuing of a regulation which details the
minimum requirements that are necessary for a fishing boat to implement this activity. Promotion of
fishery in the NWA should also be pursued. Gemikonağ proposes the launching of an annual
international angling competition that could give momentum for revitalizing the fishery sector in the
NWA.
Tourism. Some private tourist operators are starting to give services directly connected with the rural
vocation of the area such as Jeep Safari, Trekking, Mountain Bike, Horse Riding, Walking Tours, One
day life with rural communities, etc. If this type of offer is not driven in the right direction some
problems could occur given that:
1)
Most of these activities are lead by resident foreigners.
Most trails for equestrian, walking, trekking, mountain bike activities are not duly advertised with
brochures, signs, etc.
2)
Some tourist information offices refuse to promote this type of activities
3)
Hotel receptionists don’t know the area and the offer of existing activities to be practiced
4)
Lack of marketing actions supporting this kind of products in the TCc.
5)
Most of the foreign tourists discover the availability of existing activities (excursions and
experiences) only once they are on the spot, so it is difficult for them to optimise their vacation
with pre-booking.
The NWA’s tourist operators (accommodation, restaurants and tourist services) need a strong
marketing plan and the implementation of related actions aimed at repositioning the NWA’s rural offer.
This in turn will allow a better image, visibility and knowledge of the area that will adds value to the
experience done in the area both in economic and tourist meanings.
34
35
4. The governance bodies in the NWA and their capacities
District Office (Kaymakamlk)
The majority of the North West Area is covered by the Güzelyurt district, and is under the authority of
Güzelyurt Kaymakamlğ as the supreme local representative of central government33. The Güzelyurt
Kaymakamlğ has two offices: the central office in Güzelyurt (district centre) and the bucak (subdistrict) office in Lefke.
The main role of kaymakamlik is to ensure coordination and cooperation among the works of local
branches of central authorities (department of agriculture, department animal husbandry, social
services, department of employment, department of forestry, department of water, etc) and of other
public organizations including municipalities through the coordination committee meeting held three
times a year, and through daily communication. Kaymakamlik is also responsible for citizenship affairs
like registration of population, giving passport, undertaking immigrant affairs, controlling and
registering the establishment of associations; additionally it has authority to control and to give
permission for hunting, tree cutting-pruning, giving license for fire guns etc. In terms of land
management, its authority is limited to hali land and stream basins. Following the connection of
villages to the municipalities, all responsibilities and authority in land development and construction
have been transferred to the relevant municipalities.
Municipalities and Villages
The North West Area includes three municipal administrative areas: Güzelyurt, Lefke and Lapta. The
first two fall within the borders of Güzelyurt district, Lapta under the Girne district. The establishment,
authority, obligations and responsibilities of Turkish Cypriot community municipalities are regulated
by the Law of Municipalities.34
Each municipality has under its territory some villages. Güzelyurt municipality as head of the district
includes 16 muhtarlks while Lefke has only 13. Lapta attached to the Kyrenia district has the biggest
number of muhtarliks, 19.
The Municipalities are the most powerful bodies in terms of local affairs management and are
generally well structured (different departments, etc) and have abundant human resources. However,
the majority of the personnel is generally high school educated or under, with few of them holding
university degrees, and there is a lack of technical capacities in many fields. The responsibilities of the
municipalities (including the underlying villages) are the waste collection, water provision and
maintenance of the water network, sewage development and maintenance, provision of lighting,
architecture, gardening, parks and urban embellishment works. They also support a wide array of
social and cultural activities but much less economic development activities. Municipalities are in
charge of municipal- and intra- village roads that they finance from their own budgets. They have
almost no duties with respect to education and healthcare.
At village level the Muhtars have limited civil responsibilities (such as birth/death certificates, etc.). The
consultation and coordination mechanisms between municipalities and other local stakeholders
(Muhtars and the various civil society organizations) are weak and unstructured. This situation
sometimes causes in the latter, a feeling of exclusion from the local governance process.
Although the Law of Municipalities states the mandatory establishment of Muhtars Advisory
Committees under the municipalities, up to now these have not been activated in all municipalities.
Indeed there are some initial initiatives in terms of participation taken by the Güzelyurt and Lapta
municipalities; Güzelyurt municipality organizes orange festival with a committee composed of
representatives of some NGOs, and Lapta municipality established a tourism committee in which
sector representatives also take place. But these initiatives are very limited and not institutionalized
Role of the Civil Society Organisations (CSO)
The civil society organisations are very active in the NWA. They had been involved actively in the
drafting process of the Rural Development Plan (RDP) and Local Development Strategy through
33
34
The authority, obligation and responsibilities of district offices (kaymakamliks) is defined by the Law No. 33/1998
Law of Municipalities, No. 51/1995
35
36
thematic
workshops
proposed
by
RDST
(agriculture/fishery,
tourism/culture
and
environment/forestry). These CSOs were also very involved in preparing applications forms under the
EUcalls for proposal. Nine CSOs were granted in the NWA, mainly in Lefke and Guzelyurt in
environmental and cultural projects. Beside, some NGOs were supported also in Lefke by USAID and
UNDP aiming at setting up composting and recycling organic wastes and wood, and training.
Challenges
The “bottom up approach” has been extensively used to define and prepare this local development
strategy. To ensure its success and sustainability the ownership of the strategy by local public and
private stakeholders is essential. Consequently the key local governance challenges are:

The consultation and coordination mechanisms between central authorities, municipalities and
other local stakeholders (Muhtars, civil society organizations and private sector operators, etc.)
need to be improved and this will in turn improve the local governance of the area. The
Municipalities are not aware of the means and modalities to activate and manage participatory
mechanisms. To this extent the Municipalities and other stakeholders need capacity improvement
and external support.

Since the development and issuance of zoning plans is the responsibility of the “Town Planning
Unit” municipalities are not allowed to play a role in stewarding the preservation of land and
natural resources at the local level. In order to increase local responsibility and interest in playing
this role, amendment to the legal framework should be foreseen to provide for a shared
responsibility between central and local authorities for land use planning at the local level.
●
A shared zoning system and the decentralization of enforcement of zoning restrictions will
increase transparency and decrease uncertainty in public land use management, while at the
same time allowing better safeguards for the preservation of land and other natural resources.
This last achievement is of utmost importance if the long-term growth of the tourism sector is to
be made sustainable.
●
The development of public-private partnerships will enhance/increase the governance in the local
areas, it is therefore important to increase the capacity of municipality staff as well as of staff of
other local development committees and CSOs through provision of training on planning and
strategy preparation, prioritisation, project design and implementation, etc.

Law enforcement for all sectors (cultural heritage, environment/littering, animal health,
construction sector, etc) increasing the number and quality of controls/inspections on the territory
and the coordination of local activities with central authorities.
36



Natural heritage (Akdeniz 
beaches and forest
areas, Kalkanli
monumental olive grove,
Besparmak and Troodos

foothill forests)

Historical heritage (Soli,
Vouni, St. Mamas,
Museum)

Religious communities
Weaknesses
Unbalanced distribution of
Neglected or dilapidated historical
heritage (weak maintenance & site
development).
Existence of polluted areas.
Un-valorized natural heritage (weak
paths, no equipped beaches,
accommodation, signalization, green
activities).
Tourism departments of Universities

37
Creation of tourist visitor centers and trails in
the SEPA area (Natura 2000)



Risk of extreme
degradation of historical
Mass tourism image of
Cyprus island
International perception
of north Cyprus situation

Ongoing integrated projects for the
embellishment of the downtowns of Güzelyurt
and Lapta

Increase of sheep and
goat population
(overgrazing)
Restrictions on
international travel due to
isolation


Department of Forestry plans for insemination
of Ayrelli as forestry product

Lack of environmental consciousness of
the population (littering)
Uncontrolled collection
of protected and/or of
economic value species
Pressure of construction
in the area (vacation
houses)
Polluted sites
Opening of Yesilirmak/Liminitis border with
consequent increase in visitors.
Lease agreement and related investments
(CMC site rehabilitation)




Threats

Potential NATURA 2000 area and its related
future investments

Inadequate hazardous waste (agrochemical packages, food processing
effluents) management
Lack of systematic and comprehensive
promotion of NWAs natural assets
EU funded plan/designs of sewerage and
WWTP for Lefke.
Construction of Güzelyurt sewage system and
WWTP


Waste water management (no
comprehensive sewerage systems and
treatment plants)
EU funded solid waste management project
Opportunities

A - Environment and Forests
Solid waste management (garbage bins
and transport, undifferentiated waste,
dump design/ management).
B - Heritage, Tourism and Handicraft

No mass tourism and
relatively low impact of
new constructions
(except Lapta town)



High environmental value 
of the Special
Environmental Protected
Area (SEPA)

Vast forested areas in the
Troodos foothills with
social functions.

Dynamism of CSOs
involved in environmental
protection and

valorisation

Strengths
II. - Territorial SWOT of the NWA
37
 Capacity for processing
 Marketing organizations
for citrus and milk.
 Renown products on the
international markets
(Jaffa, potato, hellim,
olive preserves, etc)
 Favorable conditions for
varied mediterranean fruit
& vegetable and sheep &
goat production.
Lack of appropriate and networked
tourist promotion of NWA’s heritages
(insufficient museography, visibility,
tourist facilities and information materials)

Training courses on
handicrafts for village
women.
Potential to combine eco-tourism in the NWA
with activities in the Karpaz
Vocational training initiatives of the chamber of
artisans and shop keepers.



 Small size of farms and high production
costs
 Low animal productivity due to poor
 No fruits & vegetables market
organization, lack of producer groups
(cooperatives, etc)
 Citrus problems (quality, marketability of
varieties, ageing of groves)
38




 Salinisation from groundwater extraction
 Misuse of agro-chemicals
Tourism committees in Lefke and Lapta
Opening of the Girne Training Center for Hotel
Management and Tourism


Tourism master plan
Opportunities



Risk of inappropriate
construction
developments on the
coasts
Migration of young
population from the
villages
buildings and
monuments
Threats
purposes

Uncontrolled animal
Substitute citrus in salinised areas with salt  Export trade limitations
resistant crops
 Drought
Citrus marketing organization to export other
 Competition from lower
fruit & vegetables
cost imported
Unfulfilled local demand for olive, fruits and
agricultural products
vegetables
 Competition on export
Expansion of agricultural exports to Middle East
markets from other early
and eastern Europe
production countries of
the south Mediterranean
Use Güzelyurt WWTP effluents for agriculture
C - Agriculture and fisheries
Handicraft is social rather than market
oriented. Poor training, workshop
facilities, equipment and selling points.


Festivals are not enough tourist oriented
and coordinated.


Insufficient professional capacity for
tourism services
Variety of traditional
handicrafts made by
village women and
artisans.
High potential for

alternative tourism sector

Degraded village/ urban environment

Cultural heritage
(festivals, handicrafts)

Image of Lapta is linked to the mass
tourism image of Kyrenia.
accommodation capacity (few hotels in
Lefke and Güzelyurt).
(Maronite and
Naqsbandi, mosques,
churches)

Weaknesses
Strengths
38
Agricultural faculty EUL
Linkage of processed agricultural products with
eco-tourism
Lease agreement for free trade zone and port of
Gemikonagi
Business advisory & vocational training
(chamber of artisans and donors).
Fishermen’s complementary economic
activities
Artisanal fishing potential


 Poor technological level of enterprises in 
production, packing, and labeling.



 Low entrepreneurs knowledge of
business planning, standards, labeling
 Lack of effective vocational training
system providing qualified labor to the
sector.

Good road, water
supply, electrification
and communications
infrastructure
CSOs in different fields
(environment, social,


Weak coordination mechanisms
between different levels of public
Lack of consultation mechanisms
between civil society and public
authorities at various levels

Two universities with
strong impact on local
economies


Weak village-level social services (for
elderly and handicapped and medical
emergency) and cultural facilities
(including internet connections)

Young dynamic and
literate population
Large unemployment particularly youth
and women
Landscapes and
traditional village/rural
architecture are not
protected effectively

Muhtars advisory committees foreseen by the
Municipality law

39
Village depopulation
especially young

Government programme to introduce spatial
planning in the northern part of Cyprus

Political
uncertainties
discourage
the
investment in the area
Presence of academicians and students

diseases
Threats

D - Population and Governance
 Poor conditions of fishing shelters, fleet
and equipments
 Poor processing, packing, storage &
marketing capacity for fruits and
vegetables
 Limited domestic and export market
potential for cow milk products.

 Businesses providing
services to agro-industry
and farmers.
EU funded extension (Crop and Animal
Husbandry teams) and KOBI center

 Unused advisory services by farmers.
Water pipeline project will bring water from
Turkey.
forage (quality & quantity) and hygiene.
and packaging plants for
citrus, olives and dairy
products
Opportunities

Weaknesses
Strengths
39

Willingness of central
and local authorities to
participate in local
strategy design and
public consultation
etc)
Strengths
Lack of effective spatial planning.
Tourism master plan has not been
submitted for comments to local
partners
Weak control and law enforcement
particularly for cultural heritage,
environment (especially aquifer
extraction, dumping and littering,
exploitation of natural resources),
animal health and construction sector



authorities (village, municipality and
central)
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
40
41
III. - Strategic Approach, Objectives and Measures
1. General Strategy
This Local Development Strategy for the North West Area is framed under Axis 4 (Improving Local
Governance - setting up LEADER approach) of the Rural Development Plan for the northern part of
Cyprus35.
The two measures36 under Axis IV of the RDP are meant for the introduction of the LEADER approach in the
northern part of Cyprus. LEADER is one of the key components of the EU rural development policy. It is a
methodological approach aiming at increasing the local governance and improving the capacity of local
actors in territorial management by setting up Local Development Strategies (LDS).
The basic principles of LEADER approach are the:

Setting up, over a homogeneous territory with a clear identity and visibility, a coherent integrated and
inter-sector local development strategy elaborated by local stakeholders on the basis of their
perceived needs and the area’s endogenous potential. The strategy, based on the analyses, the
SWOT and the challenges is elaborated in operational measures all seeking to induce dynamic
development having results in the short term and stimulating initiative within TCc local community.

Involvement of partnerships37 in each area while at the same time increasing the vertical dialogue with
central TCc authorities. The involvement of the local actors in the development of their own territories
contributes to launch virtuous economic, social and governance dynamics that are sustainable in the
medium/long term and to the networking between actors of these areas in order to exchange
experiences, stimulate leverage and synergies of projects having a wider strategic objective.
The analysis undertaken on the ground underlines the valuable potential of the NWA based on its natural
and historic heritages. These heritages are sensitive and fragile and increasingly under pressure from
economic activities, neglect, urban sprawl, quarrying and other threats. It should be ensured that all future
development in the NWA takes place in ways that are sustainable, not only environmentally but also in
economic and social terms.
Reflecting on the needs and opportunities established throughout the analysis of the area, the
stakeholders have decided that the strategic objective of the area will be to:
Enhance the natural, cultural and productive potential of the North West Area by encouraging
upgrading and diversification of the rural economy (development of sustainable agriculture and
tourism and the potential for rural-based businesses) and maximizing the advantages offered by the
natural/cultural environment.
In order to tackle this strategic objective it has been decided to enhance the tourism sector which appears
to be the cornerstone for the social and economic development of the area strongly affected by
environmental and social threats.
Three priorities are proposed to implement this strategy:
1st Priority:
To improve the conditions for the development of the micro and small enterprises by
supporting collective actions
2nd Priority:
To enhance the cultural and natural heritage
rd
3 Priority:
To improve the quality of life
35
Rural Development Plan 2008-11 for the northern part of Cyprus (Second Update of May 2010).
Measure 4.1, by which capacity building activities will be proposed to set up public-private partnerships and to drawing up
the local development strategies and Measure 4.2, by which local action groups will implement local development strategies in
the selected territories with a view to achieving the broad objectives of rural development policy as specified in the three axis of
the northern part Cyprus RDP, according to the strategy drawn up at local level and materialized in projects individually made.
37
These partnerships called “community-based development committees” or in the EU “Local Action Groups” include
representatives of local authorities (municipalities, de-centralised offices of TCc authorities, banks and chambers as well as
muhtars, civil society organizations, enterprises and individuals) representing the main local actors.
36
41
42
LEADER will not tackle all the structural weaknesses of the area. Nevertheless as key principle, the North
West Area stakeholders want to use its LEADER programme to initiate the conditions of a local
development by catalyzing the energies towards some key potential sectors.
By a better mobilization and orientation of the local actors due to the LEADER bottom up approach, the
implementation of the LDS in the North West Area constitutes a tool which will allow a better coordination
between the different international support programmes (EU, UNDP, USAID and Turkish aid, etc.)
1st Priority: To improve the conditions for the development of the micro and small enterprises by
supporting collective actions
In order to maintain the population in the area, the development of some competitive activities in the
sectors of agriculture, tourism and agro-processing in particular are crucial. These sectors passed through
a harsh period due to the lack of investments, the rural-to-urban migration and emigration to foreign
countries and the recent economic crisis. For these sectors, LEADER must support the setting up of
conditions for a sustainable development. Special support will be delivered to the projects undertaken by
stakeholders regrouped into producer-groups, cooperatives or associations. These structures will increase
the competitiveness of the local products and producers by allowing the reduction of production costs.
Moreover, these collective structures will facilitate the diffusion of knowledge and training among their
members. All the projects aiming at developing a professional marketing including conditioning, branding
and publicity, will be encouraged particularly those promoting a strong link between the product and the
area.
To face these challenges, the leverage used will be to:

Upgrade the agriculture production respecting the EU food safety, quality and environmental
requirements while conserving energy and water resources

Foster the cooperation among economic operators by increasing their skills with special emphasis
on territorial marketing of the local products

Support the activities fitted with the natural image of the area and contributing to increase
employment and the attractiveness of the rural area
2nd Priority: To enhance the cultural and natural heritage
The major threats affecting the natural and the cultural heritages in the North West Area such as
uncontrolled construction, CMC area or degradation of the natural or cultural sites will not be tackled by
LEADER due to the lack of funds. Nevertheless, LEADER must support some awareness activities among
the population, in particular the youth in order to increase the knowledge of the population about the
fragile heritage. Moreover, some symbolic projects aiming at enhancing some key site representing the
image of the area should be undertaken in order to reinforce the image and the attractiveness of the area.
The Natura 2000 area is an outstanding potential for the area in order to valorize and to protect its natural
heritage. This area supported by this European label will become more visible for the visitor and should be
promoted.

Increase the protection and awareness of the population as regard high natural value areas with a
particular attention in the enhancement of the public amenity value of Natura 2000 areas

Preserve and increase attractiveness of the cultural sites and increase the promotion of the area
by improving the territorial marketing of its assets
3rd Priority: To improve the quality of life
The North West Area is affected by weak health and cultural facilities especially in the villages and for youth
and elderly populations. Some facilities should be supported through LEADER for this targeted population
in order to reinforce the social cohesion of the area and to enlarge the perspectives of the young
42
43
generation. Moreover, maintaining the area clean and reinforcing the cohesion between the municipalities
and their village could be targeted through the strategy by funding some projects (vehicles/investments)
aiming at embellishing and maintaining proper the urban areas. Nevertheless, these investments aiming at
reinforcing the social cohesion of the area won’t have the expected impact if they are not jointly
implemented with awareness activities aiming at increasing the local governance of the area first of all
among the local stakeholders but also between these actors and the central authorities.

Improve the social and health conditions of the population by increasing the awareness and
upgrading required facilities

Improve the local governance
43
Enhance the natural,
cultural and
productive potential
of the North West
Area by encouraging
upgrading and
diversification of the
rural economy
(development of
sustainable
agriculture and
tourism and the
potential for ruralbased businesses)
and maximizing the
advantages offered
by the
natural/cultural
environment
Strategic objective
To improve the quality of
life in the North west area
To enhance the cultural
and natural heritage of
the North West Area
To improve the conditions
for the development of
the micro and small
enterprises by supporting
collective actions
Priorities
To improve the local governance
To improve the social and health conditions of the population by
increasing the awareness setting up the required facilities
To preserve and to increase attractiveness of the cultural site and
increase the promotion of the area by improving the territorial
marketing of its assets
Enhance the efficiency and empowerment of
local administration
44
heritage
Improve area basic community services and
infrastructures
Area promotion, natural/cultural
protection/valorisation
Set up and strengthening of rural tourism
enterprises
To support the activities fitted with the natural image of the area
and contributing to increase employment and the attractiveness of
the rural area.
To increase the protection and awareness of the population as
regard high natural value areas with a particular attention in the
enhancement of the public amenity value of Natura 2000 areas
Set-up and strengthening of producer
groups/associations
Improving farm production and post harvest
capacities
Measures
To foster the cooperation among economic operators by
increasing their skills with special emphasis on territorial marketing
of the local products
To upgrade the agriculture production respecting the EU food
safety, quality and environmental requirements while conserving
energy and water resources
Operational objective
44
Measures
Improving farm
production and post
harvest capacities
Set-up
and
strengthening
of
producer
groups/associations
Set up and
strengthening of rural
To upgrade the
agriculture production
respecting the EU
food safety, quality
and environmental
requirements while
conserving energy and
water resources
To foster the
cooperation among
economic operators
by increasing their
skills with special
emphasis on territorial
marketing of the local
products
To support the
activities fitted with the
45
Encourage setting up and/or upgrade (renewing plants and equipments) of micro/ small enterprises in the service
(social, environment) and productive (handicrafts, agro food, fishery) sectors.
Promote the commercialization of local products (agricultural, forestry, handicrafts…) through the implementation of a
NWA quality label, granting production processes, area of origin, etc. and introduction of packaging and branding
linked to the North West Area.


Foster the grouping/association/networking of the local rural/eco/nature tourism stakeholders and increasing their
operational capacity. This can be done providing advisory services on standards/pricing, international
promotion/marketing, management, networking and tourist circuits, preparation of territorial information materials,
and provision of equipment for common tourism activities such as a NWA tourism office, a common Logo, internet
web site, posters, leaflets and participation to international events, etc)

Increase and/or improve the production of small "niche" agricultural and forestry products like pomegranate, grapes,
organic products, dates, particular citrus, walnuts, honey as well as mushrooms, berries, wild herbs (sage, rosmarin,
thyme...)

Support fishermen associations to set up artificial reefs (in order to restore fish stocks), and improve fishermen
shelters (equipments for fish cold storage, etc)
Encourage the establishment of farmer producers’ organizations aimed at improving incomes of the members,
compliance with quality standards (including of cottage/homemade processed goods if applicable), fostering cost
reduction (inputs, machinery), and strengthening the territorial promotion /branding and marketing


Upgrade and develop post-harvest facilities and processing equipment

Qualify the work force in different fields (rural/eco-tourism, agriculture/agro- processing & packaging, handicrafts,
etc.) by organizing training courses in languages, accounting & management, marketing and technical skills, etc.
Improve farm level availability of renewable energies (wind and solar).


Support water saving water pumping systems and/or field and greenhouse irrigation systems.
Improve field and greenhouse machinery (planting, fertilizing, weeding & pest control, pruning, harvesting, hay
making, loading) and installations (greenhouses)


Potential Projects
1st Priority
To improve the conditions for the development of the micro and small enterprises by supporting collective actions
45
natural image of the
area and contributing
to increase
employment and the
attractiveness of the
rural area.
tourism enterprises
Diversify fishermen’s incomes by equipping artisanal fishing boats in terms of safety to embark tourists for angling or
nets setting.

46
Encourage establishment and/or renovation of micro/ small enterprises like small hotels/ pensions, restaurants &
cafes and support activities that strengthen the value and length of the tourism season. Mainly through provision of
new installations (kitchens, energy conservation and micro-generation, etc.) and diversification of services and
activities for the tourists (diving centre, sport-angling, horse-riding, biking, bird/flora/fauna watching, cultural heritage
and oeno-gastronomic tours, etc.)

46
To preserve and to increase
attractiveness of the cultural
and rural heritage and
increase the promotion of
the area by improving the
territorial marketing of its
assets
To increase the protection
and awareness of the
population as regard high
natural value areas with a
particular attention in the
enhancement of the public
amenity value of Natura 2000
areas
Area promotion,
natural/cultural heritage
protection/valorisation
Measures
Finance the realization and improvement of tourism-related infrastructure (such as access roads, info
points, parking and picnic areas and tourist reception areas in important attraction sites, walking/biking
trails, etc
Promote the “territorial marketing” of NWA, improve the visibility of the area and support networking
within and outside the NWA. Ths can be achieved through the preparation and implementation of a
policy/plan aimed at promoting the image of NWA (traditional products, precious environment,
historical/cultural heritage and human factor as well as their inter-relationships)


47
Conserving and upgrading the rural heritage through restoration of small outstanding rural architecture
(mosques, churches, tombs, aqueducts…)

Support public/private co financing of projects to protect and valorize historical sites such as provision
of basic protection means (external fence, etc), new or improved tourist info points, provision of basic
information materials, etc.

Increase the number and improve the quality of events like festivals, folk dancing shows, special sport
or cultural events proposed in the NWA. These activities must be coordinated and coherently
connected to the territorial assets: nature, culture and vocation (in terms of local products, handicrafts,
traditions, etc). Networking with associated areas (f. i. Karpaz) should considered an asset.
Preserve and enhance the natural sites, particularly those included in NATURA 2000 program,
supporting activities aimed at keeping the area clean (supply of garbage bins and recycling containers
to villages and municipalities, cleaning campaigns, appropriate/warning signalization, pilot collection of
reusable waste materials, pilot eco-friendly activities, etc.)


Support environmental awareness through education and information and support conservation
projects aiming at preserving the biodiversity (turtles, seals, birds, etc.) including marine protected
areas.

Potential Projects
2nd Priority
To enhance the cultural and natural heritage of the North West Area
47
Improve area basic
community services and
infrastructures
Enhance the efficiency and
empowerment of local
administration
To improve the social and
health conditions of the
population by increasing the
awareness setting up the
required facilities
To improve the local
governance
Support the damage assessment of village septic tanks, finance restoration/substitution of damaged
tanks and support the establishment of a treatment plant for septic mud and agro-processing effluents.
Support community internet access in rural NWA (purchase of hardware for internet cafés and village
halls, etc)
Finance the realization and improvement of small scale social buildings and the start up of social
activities like “health, elderly and kindergarten centers”. Provision of life-saving equipped ambulances,
better medical and laboratory equipments of the Health Centres
Provide training on social issues linked with kindergarten and elderly care activities
Provision of capacity improvement and external support to Municipalities and other stakeholders to
improve participatory consultation and coordination mechanisms between central authorities,
municipalities and other local stakeholders (Muhtars, civil society organizations and private sector
operators, etc.) need to be improved and this will in turn improve the local governance of the area
Support the establishment of a North West Area local development committee involving local public
and private stakeholders with the aim of implementing and coordinating territorial development
initiatives as spelled out in this Local Development Strategy, thus ensuring its sustainability
Provision of training on planning and strategy preparation, prioritisation, project design and
implementation, etc. municipality staff as well as of staff of other local development committees and
CSOs through
Setting up policies to provide shared responsibilities between central and local authorities aiming at
of enforcement of zoning restrictions.
Implement a solid spatial planning policy (Master Plan) in order to protect and valorize the fragile
natural and cultural/historical heritages and prioritize related investments.
Improve the law enforcement for all sectors by increasing the number and quality of
48
controls/inspections on the territory (cultural heritage, construction sector, littering and illegal dumping,
animal health, illegal fishing, etc








Support investments for renewing villages and municipalities to make the area more attractive.
Restoration of small outstanding places and streets in downtown of villages and municipalities
(including embellishment of private and public front wall


Support needs assessments of municipalities in terms of garbage trucks and bins, and finances the
purchase of such equipments.

Potential Projects
Local Development
Strategy
forplanning
the North-West
improving
land use
as well as Area
the decentralization
Measures
3rd Priority
To improve the quality of life in the North West Area
48
49
2. Action Plan
The overall objective of the NWA Local Development Strategy is to enhance the natural, cultural and
productive potential of the North West Area by encouraging upgrading and diversification of the rural
economy (development of sustainable agriculture and tourism and the potential for rural-based
businesses) and maximizing the advantages offered by the natural/cultural environment.
The NWA LDS is built around three priorities and six measures:
Priority 1: To take into account of the economic changes in offering to the micro and small enterprises the
conditions of their development by supporting collective actions
Measure 1.1: Improving farm production and post harvest capacities
Measure 1.2 . Set-up and strengthening of producer groups/associations
Measure 1.3 Set up and strengthening of rural tourism enterprises
Priority 2: To enhance the cultural and natural heritage of the North West Area
Measure 2.1: Area promotion, natural/cultural heritage protection/valorisation
Priority 3: To improve the quality of life in the North West area
Measure 3.1: Improve area basic community services and infrastructures
Measure 3.2: Enhance the efficiency and empowerment of local administration
50
50
Measure 1.1 : Improve farm production and post harvest capacities
Code of the measure:
1.1
Rationale for intervention
Due to the NWA’s favourable climate, flat and partly hilly landform, fertile soils and water availability,
agriculture is a key economic sector in the NWA where more than half of the land and the great
majority of water are used for crop production. Farmers are experienced in their work.
The NWA is a producer of a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, which distinguish it from the rest of
the northern part of Cyprus while the importance of livestock activities is reduced and do not
represent the main source of income.
The great agricultural potential of the NWA provides opportunities for the development of industrial
and commercial enterprises based on processing and packaging of agricultural products such as
citrus, potatoes, olive, artichoke, etc.
For most of the processed agricultural products, the volume of production exceeds local demand and
have thus to be exported. For this purpose a general need is the improvement of capacities of
processing enterprises in certification, packaging and labelling. Another problem in exporting
agricultural products (raw or processed) is the lack of cold storage at farm level and at ports.
The sector shows important problems that can be roughly summarised as follows: marketability of
citrus varieties, ageing of groves, poor mechanisation, ageing irrigation systems, lack of on-farm
renewable energies, poor processing, packing, storage & marketing capacity
To meet the previous constraints this measure is designed to support farmers in adopting modern
production techniques, in complying with the EU quality standards and in taking profit from new
opportunities to make rural areas more attractive and viable.
Another key challenge for the agricultural/agro-processing sector in NWA is to encourage the
establishment of producers’ organisations aimed at improving compliance with quality standards,
fostering cost reduction (inputs, machinery), and strengthening the territorial promotion /branding and
marketing.
Objectives
General objective
To upgrade the agriculture production respecting the EU food safety, quality and environmental
requirements while conserving energy and water resources
Specific objectives
The action (or project) proposed must address one or more of the following specific objectives:





Improvement of the competitiveness of farms;
Reduction irrigation water use;
Upgrade the farm to meet work safety and/or environmental requirements;
Upgrade the farm to meet food safety and/or products marketing quality;
Reduce post harvest losses and increase the production added value.
Considering the actual low average size of farms in TCc and to improve the chances to meet the
previous objectives, this measure favours the grouping of producer into producer groups.
Sectors addressed


Annual crops (mainly potatoes & vegetables);
Perennial crops (citrus, oliveyards, vineyards and other orchards)
51
51


Greenhouse productions
Post harvest
Type of actions to be supported
1 – Perennial crops investments
Plantation/renewal of citrus orchards using new marketable varieties or substitution of citrus orchards
with other salt resistant perennial crops
2 - Field and greenhouse machinery
Purchase of machinery for, planting, fertilizing, weeding and pest control, pruning, harvesting, hay
making, loading, etc.
3
Irrigation systems
Improvement of existing water pumping systems38 and/or existing irrigation systems for in field and
greenhouses.
4
Renewable energies
Purchase and installation of wind and solar energy production devices for farm level electricity needs.
5
Greenhouses
Purchase and installation of polythene greenhouses for establishment of new, or upgrading and
modernization of existing ones.
6 Honey production
Purchase of equipment for honey production and processing
7
Post-Harvest
Purchase and installation of equipment for reception, storage, weighing, cleaning, grading, sorting,
conditioning, packaging, labelling, processing and cold storage of agricultural products.
Beneficiaries
Farmers (natural or legal persons) or Producer Groups39 established or resident in the North West
Area
Quantified targets for EU common indicators
Type of indicator
Output
Indicator
Target
Number of supported actions
Total volume of investment
Number of farmers benefiting from improved technology
Result
Number of women benefiting from improved technology
Number of donum where improved irrigation systems have been
installed
38
Drilling of new bore holes is not eligible.
39
As defined in the Rural Development plan 2008-2011 for the northern part of Cyprus
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Number of associations involved in cooperation process through
supported investments
Impact
Net additional value expressed in PPS
Net additional full time equivalent jobs created
Links with other Measures
The measure is linked to the measures 1.2 and 1.3.
Measure 1.2 . Set-up and strengthening of producer groups/ associations
1.2
Main constraints of agricultural, agro-processing, tourism
effectively addressed through collective activities aimed
standards, fostering cost reduction, introducing new
methodologies and creating the critical mass needed for
marketing.
and fishery sectors in NWA could be
at improving compliance with quality
more appropriate technologies and
strengthening territorial promotion and
Agriculture and agro-processing are characterised by the absence of fruits & vegetables market
organization, lack of producer groups (cooperatives, etc), poor marketing capacity, low entrepreneurs
knowledge about business planning, standards, labelling, etc.
The rural tourist operators or potential ones of the NWA have serious deficiencies in language skills
and internet knowledge, qualification of their product and marketing and promotion. The NWA’s
tourist operators (accommodation, restaurants and tourist services) need a strong marketing plan and
the implementation of related actions aimed at repositioning the NWA’s rural offer.
Artisanal fishing is limited in the NWA. The shelters have very unsatisfactory infrastructure and
equipment conditions. None of these has specific facilities for landing, storage and sale of fishery
products, facilities for vessel maintenance, water, fuel and ice supply are also lacking.
Therefore special support must be delivered to the projects undertaken by stakeholders regrouped
into producer-groups, cooperatives or associations. These structures will increase the
competitiveness of the local products and producers by allowing the reduction of production costs.
Moreover, these collective structures will facilitate the diffusion of knowledge and training among their
members.
Objectives
General objective
Improve economic activities and human potential fostering cooperation among economic operators
and increasing their skills.
Specific objectives

Development of competitive activities in the sectors of agriculture, tourism, fishery and agroprocessing ;

Encourage the establishment of farmers/producers organizations aimed at improving
incomes of the members, compliance with quality standards fostering cost reduction;

Develop a professional marketing including conditioning, branding and publicity;
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
Qualify the work force in different fields (rural/eco-tourism, agriculture/agro- processing &
packaging, handicrafts, etc.);

Foster the grouping/association/networking of the local rural/eco/nature tourism stakeholders
and increase their operational capacity;
Sectors addressed

Agriculture/ Husbandry

Tourism/Handicraft

Fishery
1. Agriculture/Husbandry

Reinforcement of institutional and operational capacities of existing producer groups and
associations;

Set-up of new producer groups/associations

Training in accounting & management, marketing and technical skills etc.
2. Tourism

Training in languages, accounting & management, marketing and technical skills etc.;

Advisory services on standards/pricing, international promotion/marketing, management,
networking and tourist circuits. Information and guidance to diversify the offer by developing
synergies and networks with other areas (such as the Karpaz)

Preparation of territorial information materials;

Provision of equipment for commonly managed tourist activities such as mini-buses,
photovoltaic solar panels, etc.;
3. Fishery

Training courses on technical issues;

Establishment of artificial reefs;

Provision and installation of jointly managed equipment.
Beneficiaries
Existing and new legally established Associations/Cooperatives and Producer Groups40 of
Farmers/Breeders/Fishermen/Tourism operators, established in the North West Area.
Type of indicator
Indicator
Target
Number of producers organizations/ associations established
Output
Total grant expenditure
40
As defined in the Rural Development plan 2008-2011 for the northern part of Cyprus.
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Number of entrepreneurs addressed by project actions
Number of items purchased for joint management
N. of training courses organized
N. of training days delivered
Result
N. of people trained
N. of artificial reefs installed
N. of shelters equipped
N. of boats equipped
Net additional value created
Impact
Number of entrepreneurs adopting Quality codes/standards
Total number of tourist presences
This measure is linked with measures 1.1 and 1.3.
Measure 1.3 Set up and strengthening of rural tourism enterprises
1.3
The North West Area is characterized by high unemployment rates, especially among women and
young people, although the area could provide employment opportunies in small scale rural tourism
and related activities. This is contingent to the valorisation of the main attractions of the area (the
unique natural, historical and cultural heritage of the area representd by the Akdeniz SEPA, Soli,
Vouni, Lefke, etc).
Most of the accommodation and tourism services of the NWA are located in Lapta town, whereas the
main attractions of the area do not avail of appropriate and adequately fitted accommodations and
services for tourists.
The mass-tourism oriented hotels in Lapta town are old fashioned and cannot compete with the newly
developed mass tourism areas of Girne and Bafra. A new orientation of tourism for Lapta is needed, to
attract clients interested in combining sea/sun with natural and cultural excursions.
In parallel, it is necessary to develop in an appropriate and sustainable way the rural/eco tourism in
the area where the main natural and cultural attractions of the NWA are located. The development of
eco and rural tourism in the area will not only provide new employment opportunities for the local
people, but also would contribute to raise the awareness on natural and historical-cultural heritage of
the area that will lead to protection and valorisation of these assets.
Objectives of the measure 1.3
General objective
To support the set-up of new tourism-related activities (accommodation, catering, services, etc) linked
to the valorisation of local natural and historical resources, and contributing to increase employment,
as well as the overall attractiveness of rural areas in NWA.
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Specific objectives

Support the set-up and marketing of “niche” agricultural/crafts products

Upgrade and/or set-up sale points/workshops for handicrafts, agro-produce, services

Promotion of rural/eco tourism sector nearby relevant protected areas;

Use of renewable energies in rural tourism units;

Conservation and valorisation of traditional rural buildings for new rural tourism offer;

Improve local human resources and ease the participation of women/young people in the tourism
sector
Sectors addressed:
1.
Rural/eco accommodation and catering
2.
Rural/eco tourism ancillary activities to complement the rural tourism offer
3.
Provision of services to the rural/eco-tourism sector
4.
Human resource development

Renovation/upgrading, refurbishment and equipping41 of existing traditional farm/village buildings
for tourism purposes.42

Provision of specialised trainings and advisory assistance for managing/marketing tourism
products (including foreign languages)

Set-up of new tourism-related initiatives (diving centre, sport-angling, horse-riding, biking,
bird/flora/fauna watching, cultural heritage and wine-gastronomic tours, etc.)

Equipping artisanal fishing boats in terms of safety to embark tourists for angling/fishing)

Restoring and/or furnishing traditional and cultural sites of interest for rural tourism purposes (old
cellars, old olive oil mills, carob warehouses, caves, flour mills, wine/ zivania tasting rooms, etc.)

Construction of swimming pools for existing rural/eco tourism outfits, minimum 1 km from the
seashore, with at least 6 bedrooms.

Purchase of storage/packaging/labelling/laboratory equipment for typical "niche" farm-produce
(pomegranate, grapes, dates, citrus, walnuts, honey, etc), food (specialty products such as
pekmez, macun, samarella, pastrma, zeytinli, hellimli) and non-food products (soaps, creams,
oils, etc), and handicrafts.

Set up and marketing of integrated tourist packages (promoted by minimum 5 operators).43

Development/adoption of voluntary quality standards for accommodation and catering.
Beneficiaries
The beneficiaries for all the actions are:
Natural and legal persons (companies, partnerships and cooperatives, NGOs).
41
Furniture, kitchens, solar photovoltaic and micro-wind generation, etc.
Rural tourist pensions and small hotels (with a maximum of 10 bedrooms), traditional restaurants, workshops and
selling points for local products and handicrafts.
43
Accommodation, catering, guided and hiking tours, establishment of web-portal/agency to market rural tourist offer,
and other ancillary activities.
42
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Quantified indicators
Type of indicator
Output
Indicator
Target
Number of enterprises benefiting from marketing actions
Total electric power installed on tourism units (solar panels and microwind turbines)
Number of old buildings restored for tourism purposes
Result
Number of new tourist services established
Number of trained entrepreneurs
Number of new beds in rural areas created by projects
Number of farms selling their products via the rural tourism sector
Number of tourists hosted in tourism units
Impact
% of rural tourism employees that are either women or young (< 40 ys.
old)
Links with other Measures:
This measure is linked to measure 2.1. and to measures 1.1 and 1.2.
Measure 2.1 Area promotion, natural/cultural heritage protection/ valorisation
2.1
The NWA includes important historical heritage elements like Soli site, Vouni Palace, Saint Mamas
Church and Museum of Archaeology and Nature, old water mills and carob houses, old village
houses with Ottoman and traditional architecture, and high natural value areas like Akdeniz SEPA
area, that is a potential Natura 2000 area with its endemics and various flora and fauna, Lefke forests
on the Troodos foot hills with beautiful landscapes, etc. But these historical and natural assets can
neither be protected nor valorised properly due to lack of awareness about the value of these assets
both among local people and authorities, lack of funds and of project ideas.
The great majority of the natural, historical and cultural heritages elements of the NWA lack of
effective management, protection and restoration and are threatened by a number of activities
(littering, uncontrolled construction, over-grazing, etc).
The existing natural and historical/cultural heritages constitute valuable assets for the development of
the tourism potential of the area, but because of the lack of an effective promotion policy, this
potential is not realized.
The key rationale is therefore to increase the awareness of the population regarding high natural value
areas (also promoting concrete demonstration actions), with a particular attention in the enhancement
of the public amenity value of Natura 2000 areas and of the unspoilt beaches. In addition, special
efforts should be put in place to preserve and to increase attractiveness of the historical/cultural sites.
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All of this should be complemented by structured territorial promotional/marketing policies and
initiatives, also addressing the quality of organized cultural events.
Objectives of the measure 2.1
General objective
To improve the overall level of attractiveness of the NWA and to increase the awareness of the
population about the main natural and cultural assets that can be found in rural areas, to be jointly
promoted with its agro-food specialties
Specific objectives

Support environmental awareness of local residents and visitors about key environmental
issues at stake (littering of beaches, biodiversity protection, energy saving, etc), and the
implementation of cleaning initiatives

Contribute to the conservation and valorisation of high-value natural resources existing in the
NWA (Akdeniz and Besparmak SEPAs, Kalkanli Olive grove, forest areas in Lefke area)

Support public/private efforts aiming at protecting and valorizing historical and cultural sites
located in the rural areas and in villages

Support the promotion of eco/rural-tourism initiatives and their synergy with local typical
food/handicraft production (territorial marketing)

Improve human resources and prepare/implement territorial marketing initiatives
Sectors addressed:
5.
Ancillary activities and services to the rural tourism sector
6.
Environmental awareness and education
7.
Rural and traditional/cultural heritage
8.
Enhancement of the countryside and of natural resources
9.
Territorial marketing and development of human resources

Improve the organization of cultural and folk events like festivals, folk dancing shows, and
special sport/ cultural events to make them more coherently connected to the cultural/natural
assets of NWA.

Training of children at schools (primary and secondary) about environmental issues and
cleaning activities;

Organization of environmental campaigns (cleaning beaches, forests, etc., awareness
campaign for protecting biological diversity, etc);

Production of information/awareness materials and warning boards for environmental
cleaning;

Demonstration activities on sustainability issues and technologies and pilot projects for
separate collection of reusable wastes, composting, recycling, etc;

Support conservation projects aiming at preserving the biodiversity (turtles, seals, birds, etc.)
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
Conservation and protection of historical sites and monuments44 through restoration and
fencing and promotion of them;45

Protection and promotion of traditional local handicrafts.46

Provision of garbage bins and separate waste collection containers for protected natural
areas (SEPA/NATURA 2000, National Parks,);

Increase attractiveness47 and accessibility48 of tourism points;

Development of promotion materials like web portal, brochures, fliers, documentaries, films
etc;

Set up of interpretation signs in different languages;

Study and adoption of an integrated logo and marketing plan for the LDS area

Improve municipality staff capacities through provision of training on the protection and
valorisation of the natural and cultural/historical heritages of the area.49
Beneficiaries
The beneficiaries for the above mentioned activities are:
Legal persons (companies, foundation, cooperatives, civil society organisations)

Relevant public authorities and Municipalities.
Quantified indicators
Type of indicator
Indicator
Target
Output
Total number of project participants
Number of trained persons
Number of sites benefiting from project interventions
Total area interested by cleaning activities
Result
Number of interpretation signs installed
Number of associations involved in project activities
Number of visitors to web sites
Impact
Number of foreign visitors to local festivals
44
Mosques, churches, tombs, aqueducts, etc.
Signalization, information boards, tourism reception points, information materials, etc.
46
Documenting, training, establishing local ethnographic museums, establishing selling points, etc.
47
Walking trails, biking paths, picnic areas, bird/flora/fauna watching points, et
48
Maintenance of trails, provision of small and unpaved parking, etc
49
Theoretical and on-the-job training on planning and strategy preparation, prioritisation, project design and
implementation, etc.
45
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Links with other Measures:
This measure is linked to measures 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 3.1.
Measure 3.1 Improve area basic community services and infrastructures
3.1
The lack, or the poor quality, of health and social services is a major problem in the rural areas of
NWA. Especially elderly people in remote rural areas are suffering from lack of sufficient health
services, daily care and social activities.
The only hospital of the area is located in Gemikonagi near Lefke. The poorly equipped health centres
located in municipality centres can not provide qualified and efficient health services to the population
in the remote villages.
Solid waste and waste water management in the area is poor creating serious environmental and
public health problems; the municipalities of the area, with limited resources, can not reach the
scattered villages for collection of garbage in an effective and efficient way. Another serious constraint
in this issue is the lack of environmental awareness among local population that reflects on the
littering on valuable forest areas of the NWA.
NWA includes valuable historical and natural assets that are important attraction factor for tourists, but
centres of the majority of the villages are falling down, that decreases the attractiveness of these
villages for tourists and beautifulness of these areas for local inhabitants. Additionally these
settlements are lacking basic social and cultural facilities like internet, community centres, libraries,
movie and theatre hall, etc., for young people that could keep them in the villages.
The aim of this measure is to increase quality of life and the attractiveness of rural areas by supporting
the improvement of basic social and health services and small infrastructures. This will include the
renewal of villages and municipalities, the realization and improvement of small social centers, the
improvement of health services, recreational and cultural services, effective management of solid and
water wastes, cooperation among local stakeholders.
Objectives
General objective
To improve the quality of life in rural areas through providing qualified social and health services
Specific objectives

To Improve the quality of health services through provision of life-saving equipped ambulances,
better medical and laboratory equipments of the Health Centers

To improve the accessibility to internet services in rural NWA (purchase of hardware for internet
cafés and village halls, etc).

To improve the sanitary conditions of the rural areas (waste and water management)

To improve the social and cultural services especially for elderly, youth, and children

To support the embellishment of rural settlements.
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Sectors to be addressed

Social services

Culture

Sanitation and Infrastructure


Improvement of medical infrastructure of health services in rural communities through providing
medical equipments, laboratories and well-equipped ambulances,

Setting up of computer rooms with internet connection in communal places such libraries,
community centres, social clubs etc., and training of local people on using computer and internet,

Preparation of need assessment studies for solid waste management systems of municipalities,
and implementation of integrated projects for solid waste disposal,

Preparation of need assessment studies of municipalities for village septic tanks, and restoration
or replacement of damaged septic tanks, and establishment of treatment plants for septic mud
and agro-processing effluents,

Establishment of drinking water treatment plants,

Establishment of social and cultural centres for elderly, young, women and children,

Embellishment of village squares and main streets.
Beneficiaries
Municipalities, Non-profit non-governmental organizations, Universities
Type of indicator
Indicator
Target
Output
Volume of investment related to village embellishment
Number of health centres equipped with medical equipments,
laboratories and ambulances
Number of computer and internet centres established
Number of garbage trucks and bins
Result
Number of septic tanks renovated or replaced
Number of houses served by treated drinking water
Number of social and cultural centres established
Number of villages in which embellishment works have been
undertaken
Impact
Number of people benefiting from health centres and ambulances
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Number of people using internet rooms
Satisfaction level of people with solid waste and waste water
management services of municipalities
Satisfaction level of people with drinking water
Number of people who uses the services of social and cultural centres
Rate of net migration
This measure is linked to measures 2.1, 3.1, 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3.
Measure 3.2 Enhance efficiency and empowerment of local administration
3.2
Local administrations play a vital role for the rural development while implementation, success and
future sustainability of LDS actions mostly depend on good governance linked to local stakeholders’
ownership.
Therefore empowerment and capacity building of local administration are key pre-conditions for the
effective implantation of LDS. NWA has some fundamental problems in terms of governance;
- lack of sufficient law enforcement and land use (physical) planning, that affect adversely the
protection and valorisation of natural and cultural heritage, unsustainable use of natural resources
and food safety;
- unclear delineation of responsibilities and authorities and lack of coordination and cooperation
between local and central stakeholders that prevents smooth operations of development actions in
rural areas, synergies and local ownership.
- lack of sufficient technical capacity in local stakeholders.
Support should be provided to reinforce the territorial coherence and synergies among the local
stakeholders. Creating local cooperation and partnerships which brings all forces together in the
territory is regarded as a fundamental condition for the success of the LDS. Both the success in
implementation of LDS and the sustainable development of NWA depends on the solution of these
problems.
Objectives
General objective
To reinforce the territorial coherence and synergies between the local stakeholders
Specific objectives

To improve the institutional capacities of the local administrations

To implement a solid spatial planning policy

To improve the local governance in the NWA area

To improve the law enforcement for all sectors
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Sectors to be addressed

Governance


Local administrations

Preparation of area-based master plans in order to protect and valorize the fragile natural and
cultural/historical heritages and prioritize related investments

Training of municipality staff on planning and strategy preparation, project design, management
and implementation,

Establishment of a NWA local development committee involving local public and private
stakeholders with the aim of implementing and coordinating territorial development initiatives as
spelled out in this Local Development Strategy, thus ensuring its sustainability

Defining and establishing coordination mechanisms between local and central authorities,
(Muhtars, various civil society organizations, private sector operators, etc.) in order to increase
local participation in territorial decision-making

Capacity building for inspection/controls on the territory (construction sector, littering and illegal
dumping, animal health, illegal fishing, etc)
Beneficiaries
Municipalities, central public authorities, non-profit and non-governmental organizations,
Type of indicator
Output
Indicator
Target 2008-2009
Number of master plans prepared
Number of municipality staff trained
Result
Impact
Number of stakeholders involved in local development
committee established
Number of committees for coordination between local and
central authorities
Number of public consultation mechanisms established and
implemented under municipalities
The surface of natural protected areas and number of
cultural/historical assets brought into proper management
The number and size of illegal actions in terms of natural
resource use and littering
The size of protected areas and cultural/historical assets
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Links with other Measure
Measure 3.2 is a cross-cutting measure and success implementation of this measure would facilitate
the smooth implementation of all other measures and ownership of NWA LDS as a whole. On the
other hand, cooperative actions under measures 1.2 and 2.1 would create experiences that will
contribute to the implementation of Measure 3.2.
3 - Alignment with other strategies
This local development strategy for the North West Area is in compliance with the local legislative
framework for the different sectors and the orientations proposed by the key strategic documents
prepared by the TCc central authorities50.
The strategy foresees complementarities with national and international funding programmes in order
to ensure that the development process within the NWA is delivered effectively, aiming at making best
use of the resources to support and achieve the objectives set out within this Local Development
Strategy.
This document has been prepared in close collaboration with the following projects: Crop and Animal
Husbandry Projects, NATURA 2000, SME Project – ONG Projects – Vocational training Project funded
by the EU and the USAID funded EDGE-Kobi Centre
IV. - The partnership
The successful preparation of this LDS has seen the contribution and participation of a number of
local public and private local stakeholders coming from different sectors (See Section V –
Consultation Process).
These stakeholders have still not established a formal Local Development Committee (LDC) at the
moment the LDS is brought to print.
50
Master Plan on Solid Waste Management in the Turkish Cypriot Community (October 2007); TCc Water Supply Master
Plan (2004); Tourism Master Plan of the northern part of Cyprus (2000);
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V. - The consultation process
The Strategy mainly focuses on building partnerships with related key stakeholders. It also sets a
framework for establishing ownership of environmental policies through and among responsible
bodies. The Strategy has a horizontal approach based on the following four key objectives:
•
Improving the awareness & understanding of key decision makers in government
•
Improving awareness & understanding more widely (including the public)
•
Creating local networks (e.g. with local authorities, CSOs, Universities etc.)
•
Strengthening expertise (e.g. through education, awareness campaigns, competitions etc.)
In order to achieve its objectives, it targets a number of groups – namely, Decision Makers in
Government, Local Authorities, Industry & Commerce, CSOs, Education & Media, General Public and
Donors. Each of these groups will have a key role and should be involved in the implementation of
their responsibilities through the defined activities.
Training, Workshops and Consultation Meetings held during the preparation of NWA LDS
09 October 2009: Traning on LEADER approach for municipalitities in NWA
Mayors of Guzelyurt, Lefke and Lapta municipalities and General Secretary of Union Of Municipalities
participated to the meeting, and a presentation on LEADER approach has been made to the
participants. Totally 5 persons participated to the meeting.
05 November 2009: Consultation meetings with Kaymakams of Girne, Güzelyurt and İskele
A consultation meeting for Leader concept and LDS process was organized with the participation of
Central Kaymakam and Kaymakams of Girne, Guzelyurt, and İskele. A presentation on LEADER
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approach and LDS preparation process for NWA and KA has been presented to the Kaymakams, and
the process has been discussed with them.
13 November 2009: SWOT workshop on tourism and culture for NWA
37 representatives from the key stakeholders in the sector, from central organizations, municipalities,
CSOs and private sector have participated into the workshop. During the workshop, two PPT
presentation on LEADER approch and situation of the sector will be made by the RDST, and
strenghts, weakness, opportunities and threats of the area in terms of the tourism and culture have
been identified in small groups of stakeholders under the moderation of the RDST.
27 November 2009: SWOT workshop on environment and forestry for NWA
CSOs and private sector have participated into the workshop. During the workshop, two PPT
presentation on LEADER approch and situation of the sector will be made by the RDST, and
strenghts, weakness, opportunities and threats of the area in terms of the environment and forestry
have been identified in small groups of stakeholders under the moderation of the RDST.
12 December 2009: Thematic Ecotourism Seminar for NWA
The seminar has been organized in collaboration with EU Infopoint and EDGE Project in Lefke, and 38
stakeholders have participated to the seminar. During the seminar, the concept and experiences of
agro and eco-tourism has been discussed with the stakeholders.
18 December 2009: SWOT workshop on agriculture and fishery for NWA
producer associtaions, CSOs and private sector have participated into the workshop. During the
workshop, two PPT presentation on LEADER approch and situation of the sector will be made by the
RDST, and strenghts, weakness, opportunities and threats of the area in terms of the agriculture and
fishery have been identified in small groups of stakeholders under the moderation of the RDST.
24 March 2010: SWOT Presentation meeting in Lapta for NWA
CSOs and private sector have participated into the meeting. In the meeting, results of SWOT analysis
of the area has been presented to the participants, and a discussion on the presentation has been
made with the stakeholders. Additionally, a LEADER experience from Italy has been presented to the
participants by a short term expert of RDST.
14 May 2010: Tourism & Culture Focus Group Meeting
A focus group meeting has been organized in order to identify the priorities and activities in tourism
and culture sector of NWA, and 18 stakeholders participated to the focus group meeting. In the
meeting, the proposed priorities and activities have been presented to the participant by the RDST,
and the feedback of participants has been received. Additionally some experiences from the Italy
have been presented to the participant by a short-term expert of RDST.
20 May 2010: Agriculture & Fishery Focus Group Meeting
A focus group meeting has been organized in order to identify the priorities and activities in
agriculture and fishery sector of NWA, and 20 stakeholders participated to the focus group meeting.
In the meeting, the proposed priorities and activities have been presented to the participants by the
RDST, and the feedback of participants has been received.
21 May 2010: Environment & Forestry Focus Group Meeting
A focus group meeting has been organized in order to identify the priorities and activities in
environment and forestry sector of NWA, and 14 stakeholders participated to the focus group
meeting. In the meeting, the proposed priorities and activities have been presented to the participant
by the RDST, and the feedback of participants has been received.
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Consultation process with TCc authorities
The following central and local authorities have provided comments to the LDS
Lefke Municipality on 16/09/2010 - Mehmet Zafer (Mayor), Haluk Giray
Lapta Municipality on 16/09/2010- Fuat Namsoy (Mayor), Hasan Keleş, Tolga Alav
Chamber of Commerce on 17/09/2010- Janel Burcan, Çiğdem Aksu
Chamber of Industry on 17/09/ 2010- Mustafa Gündüz, Gizem Menteş
Güzelyurt Municipality on 6/10/2010- Suleyman Akdag (Director)
Head of Local Administration Department on 20/10/2010- Meriç Taydemir
Central Kaymakam (Gursel Selengin), Girne Kaymakam (Gürkan Kara), Guzelyurt Kaymakam (Mentes
Gunduz) on 20/10/2010
Department of Antiquities and Museums on 04/11/2010- Emine Pilli (Director), Elcin Kubilay
(Archaeologist), Emine Sivri (Archaeologist), Mehmet Soforoglu (Archaeologist), Hasan Tekel
(Archaeologist)
Department of Town Planning on 4/11/2010- Hulya Davulcu (architect, Nurhan Aremek (town
planner), Layik Topcan Mesutoglu (Deputy Director), Lynda Thorn (Consultant)
YAGA on 4/11/10-Mehmet Yildirim (Deputy Director), Bengu Mindikoglu (Consultant)
Department of Culture on 22/11/2010-Candaş Yolga (Deputy Director), Bedia Kale, Yusuf Örs
Department of Telecommunication on 23/11/2010-Ali Ayral (Head of Transmission Department)
Department of Tourism Planning Department on 23/11/2010-Turgut Muslu (Head of Department),
Ylbay Geceyatmaz, Efsun Salel
Department of Labor on 24/11/2010-Yusuf Önderol (Head of Department)
Department of Tourism Promotion and Marketing on 24/11/2010 - Derviş Gezer (Head of Department),
Sanel Tagmac
State Planning Organization on 24/11/2010-Ali Korhan (Undersecretary)
Department for Agriculture and Natural Resources on 25/11/2010 - Nazm Ergene (Undersecretary),
Mustafa Alkaravl (Head of Geology and Mine Department), Guliz Kuset (Forestry Department), Ercan
Akerzurumlu (Head of Agricultural Research Institute), Huseyin Ataben (Head of Veterinary
Department), Huseyin Hurkal (Head of Animal Husbandry Department), Ersun Ulucam (Animal
Husbandry Department), Ali Goksu (Head of Agriculture Department), Gonen Vurana (Agriculture
Department ), Samiye Kasap (Rural Development Unit), Niyazi Nizam (Rural Development Unit ),
Deniz Solyal (Rural Development Unit)
Department of Environment protection on 30/11/2010- Behram Kamer (Head of Department), Hasibe
Kusetogullari
Department of Highways on 01/12/2010- Mustafa Demircioglu (Head of Department)
Department of Social Services on 07/12/2010- Cansel Hdroğlu (Head of Department), Aydan Başkurt
(Responsible)
Department of Health Services on 08/12/2010- Dr. Hatice Faydal (Head of Department), Selma Ylmaç
(Administrative Officer), Dr. Keziban Akyön (Head Doctor), Havva Arslan (Food Eng.), Hakan Emiroğlu
(Environmental Eng.)
67
67
Strategic meeting
A final Strategic Meeting has been organized on 3 December 2010 in order to present the final version
of the Local Development Strategy to the local stakeholders. A total of 47 people participated in the
meeting.
IN ANNEX 11 is the list of all local stakeholders that participated in the preparation of this Local
Development Strategy .
ANNEXES
Annex 1: NWA population
Annex 2: NWA labour force
Annex 3: NWA habitats
Annex 4: NWA flora
Annex 5: NWA fauna
Annex 6: NWA birds
Annex 7: NWA historical heritage
Annex 8: NWA fishery shelters and boats
Annex 9: Hotel frequentation of North Cyprus and NWA
Annex 10: NWA festivals
Annex 11: List of local stakeholders that participated in the consultation process of the Local
Development Strategy.
68
68
Annex 1: NWA population
Municipality and Villages
Population
Municipality and Villages
Population
1. Lapta
5,965
2. Güzelyurt
13,334
* Karşyaka
2,206
* Mevlevi
376
* Çamlbel
1,058
* Yuvack
300
* Akdeniz
595
* Zümrütköy
969
* Alemdağ
97
* Serhatköy
588
* Geçitköy
206
* Şahinler
180
* Hisarköy
205
* Gayretköy
395
* Karpaşa
96
* Aydnköy
1,273
* Kayalar
198
* Akçay
1,085
* Klçaslan
220
* Kalkanl
1,545
* Koruçam
236
3. Lefke
7,854
* Kozan
461
* Taşpnar
231
* Özhan
90
* Çamlköy
259
* Sadrazamköy
215
* Yeşilrmak
429
* Tepebaş
805
* Gaziveren
996
* Doğanc
1,302
* Yeşilyurt
* Bademliköy
* Gemikonağ
* Cengizköy
* Yedidalga
70
69
Annex 2: NWA labour force
POPULATION AND LABOR FORCE
TOPLAM
1. NON-INSTITUTIONAL CIVIL POPULATION
2. POPULATION WITH THE MINIMUM AGE OF 15
AND OVER
3. SITUATION IN LABOR FORCE
3.1. Employed people
3.2. Unemployed
4. NOT INCLUDED TO LABOR FORCE
4.1. Don’t search for a job but are ready for a job
4.1.1. Don’t have the hope to find a job
4.1.2. Other
5. PARTICIPATION RATE ON LABOR FORCE (%)
6. RATE OF UNEMPLOYMENT (%)
6.1. Rate of young population (%)
MAN
AND OVER
3.2. Unemployed
4.1.2. Other
WOMAN
AND OVER
3.2. Unemployed
4.1.2. Other
TOTAL
LEFKOŞA GAZİMAĞUSA
GİRNE GÜZELYURT
İSKELE
250 373
201 796
83 983
67 373
61 279
49 353
57 276
46 629
26 979
22 170
20 855
16 270
101 104
91 223
9 881
100 691
14 130
2 604
11 332
50.1
9.8
24.7
35 159
32 567
2 592
32 214
3 208
344
2 838
52.2
7.4
14.9
24 103
21 674
2 428
25 251
5 736
897
4 752
48.8
10.1
30.4
24 446
21 896
2 550
22 183
1 492
227
1 265
52.4
10.4
22.7
10 653
9 154
1 500
11 516
1 852
442
1 395
48.1
14.1
43.7
6 744
5 932
812
9 527
1 843
694
1 082
41.4
12.0
28.8
131 054
106 138
44 242
35 669
31 893
25 772
30 567
25 059
13 793
11 381
10 559
8 257
66 521
61 496
5 025
39 617
4 756
1 079
3 539
62.7
7.6
24.0
22 723
21 241
1 482
12 946
896
126
770
63.7
6.5
16.3
15 698
14 589
1 108
10 075
1 946
380
1 510
60.9
7.1
29.9
16 206
15 083
1 123
8 853
618
100
518
64.7
6.9
18.7
6 885
6 109
775
4 496
696
213
468
602.5
11.3
49.2
5 010
4 474
535
3 248
599
260
272
60.7
10.7
25.4
119 320
95 658
39 742
31 704
29 386
23 581
26 710
21 571
13 186
10 789
10 296
8 013
34 584
29 727
4 857
61 074
9 374
1 525
7 793
36.2
14.0
25.8
12 435
11 326
1 110
19 268
2 312
219
2 068
39.2
8.9
12.7
8 405
7 085
1 320
15 176
3 789
517
3 242
35.6
15.7
31.1
8 240
6 813
1 427
13 330
874
127
747
38.2
17.3
29.2
3 769
3 045
724
7 020
1 156
229
927
34.9
19.2
37.2
1 734
1 458
276
6 279
1 244
433
810
21.6
15.9
36.5
71
Code_Name
1120 Posidonia beds
1170 Reefs
1240 Vegetated sea cliffs of the Mediterranean coasts with endemic Limonium spp.
2110 Embryonic shifting dunes
2240 Brachypodietalia dune grasslands with annuals
2250 Coastal dunes with Juniperus spp.
2260 Cisto-Lavendulatalia dune sclerophyllous scrubs
5210 Arborescent matorral with Juniperus spp.
5330 Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-desert scrub
5420 Sarcopterium spinosum phryganas
6220 Pseudo-steppe with grasses and annuals of the Thero-Brachypodietea
6420 Mediterranean tall humid herb grasslands of the Molinio-Holoschoenion
8210 Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation
9290 Cupressus forests (Acero-Cupression)
9320 Olea and Ceratonia forests
9540 Mediterranean pine forests with endemic Mesogean pines
B2 Coastal shingle
Importance
HD I*
HD I
HD I
HD I
HD I
HD I*
HD I
HD I
HD I
HD I
HD I*
HD I
HD I
HD I
HD I
HD I
EUNIS
21
14
1
8
94
215
24
76
36
1
3
43
28
379
4
No localities
Area in ha
893.35
278.68
128.25
257.32
0.23
49.18
1241.47
2316.16
150.16
906.63
193.32
4.05
1.17
206.45
129.31
3136.52
2.93
% of site
18.87
5.88
0.79
1.59
0.00
0.30
7.67
14.31
0.93
5.6
1.19
0.03
0.01
1.28
0.80
19.37
0.02
72
C2 Rock cliffs, ledges and shores, including the supralittoral
EUNIS
2
9.45
0.06
E2.6 Agriculturally-improved, re-seeded and heavily fertilised grassland, including
19 sports fields and grass lawns
EUNIS
3
83.41
0.52
20 F5 Maquis, arborescent matorral and thermo-Mediterranean brushes
EUNIS
12
106.18
0.66
21 F5.2 Maquis
EUNIS
103
553.63
3.42
22 F6.2 Eastern garrigues
EUNIS
73
672.74
4.16
23 FB.3 Shrub plantations for ornamental purposes or for fruit, other than vineyards
EUNIS
2
79.74
0.49
24 I1 Arable land and market gardens
EUNIS
39
5645.39
34.88
25 J1 Buildings of cities, towns and villages
EUNIS
1
17.19
0.11
26 J2 Low density buildings, I2 Cultivated areas of gardens and parks
EUNIS
12
27.09
0.17
27 J3 Extractive industrial sites
EUNIS
1
3.02
0.02
28 J4 Transport networks and other constructed hard-surfaced areas
EUNIS
157
221.92
1.37
29 J6 Waste deposits
EUNIS
30
42.52
0.26
Code Name: Included in Annex I of Directive 92/43/EEC. Importance: HD I - included in Annex I, HD I* - priority habitat of Annex I. No localities: States
the number of different localities where each habitat type occurred. % of site: the percentage of the site covered by the habitat. % of marine habitats was
calculated from the total marine area
18
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Annex 3: NWA habitats
70
NI
NI
NI
NI
NI
NI
NI
NI
NI
NI
Ferulago cypria (no local name)
Helianthemum obtusifolium (Kbrs Güneşgülü)
Hypericum repens (no local name)
Limonium albidum subsp. Cyprium (no local name)
Odontites cypria (Kbrs Odontitesi)
Onobrychis venosa (Damarl Korunga)
Onopordum cyprium (Eşek Dikeni)
Onosma caespitosum (no local name)
Onosma fruticosum (no local name)
Ornithogalum pedicellare (Kbrs Tükürük Out)
NI
NI
Sedum lampusae (Lapta Damkoruğu)
Senecio glaucus ssp. cypria
Tulipa cypria (Kbrs Lalesi)
B
A
A
A
B
B
B
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
HD II
B
NI North-West
B Area
Development Strategy for the
NI
Rosularia pallidiflora (Soluk Kbrs Göbek Otu)
Teucrium micropodioides (Küme Kurtluca)
Local
NI
Pimpinella cypria (Kbrs Pimipinellas)
HD II*
NI
Crocus veneris (Kbrs Safran)
Ophrys kotschyi (Kbrs Ofrisi)
NI
Ballota integrifolia (Dikenli Köpek Out)
10
138
1
3
3
3
8
3
59
41
82
56
13
5
2
9
1
6
1
5
6
20
No of localities
rare
common
very rare
very rare
very rare
very rare
rare
very rare
common
common
common
common
rare
rare
very rare
rare
very rare
rare
very rare
rare
rare
rare
Population
Note: HD II - included in Annex II, HD II* - priority species of Annex II, HD IV - included in Annex IV, HD V - included in Annex V, NI – national important
species. Endemism: A: Local endemic, B: Endemic to Cyprus, No localities: Set number of localities with the species occurrence
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
B
NI
B
B
NI
NI
Endemism
Importance
Astragalus cyprius (Kbrs Geveni)
Asperula cypria (Kbrs İnceciçeği)
2
3
Anthemis tricolour (no local name)
Name
1
No
Annex 4: NWA flora
73
71
72
Annex 5: NWA fauna (List of Annex II faunistic species from the EC Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC)
previously recorded within the boundaries of the Akdeniz SEPA)
No
localitie
s
Population
No
Name
Zoologica
l group
Importan
ce
1
Monachus monachus
M
HD II*
2
Caretta caretta
R
HD II*
5
6-40
3
Chelonia mydas
R
HD II*
5
4-29
4
Rousettus aegiptiacus
M
HD II
Common
5
Cyrtopodion kotschyi fitzingeri
R
ESS
Common
6
Laudakia stellio cypriaca
R
ESS
Common
7
Ophisops elegans schlueteri
R
ESS
Common
8
Dolicophis jugularis cypriacus
R
ESS
Common
9
Macrovipera lebetina lebetina
R
ESS
Common
Extremely
rare
(*) Denotes that the species is a priority species under the terms of the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC)
ESS= Endemic Sub Species(MTCP reports 1993-2008, EPD Reports, Benda et al 2007, Haigh 2004,
Gucu 2007).
75
73
Annex 6: NWA birds (List of Annex I species from the EC Birds Directive (79/409/EEC) previously
recorded within the Akdeniz SEPA)
No
Name
Zoological
Group
EU
Status
1
Larus audounii
B
BD I
rb (SPEC-1)
2
Vanellus spinosus
B
BD I
Mb
3
Milvus migrans
B
BD I
PM (SPEC-3)
4
Ciconia nigra
B
BD I
Pm
5
Hieraaetus fasciatus
B
BD I
Rb
6
Ficedula albicollis
B
BD I
PM (SPEC-4)
7
Grus grus
B
BD I
PM (SPEC-3)
8
Calonectris diomeda
B
BD I
PM (SPEC-2)
9
Emberiza caesia
B
BD I
MB, PM
10
Sylvia melanothorax
B
BD I
RB, MB (SPEC-2)
11
Oenanthe cypriaca
B
BD I
MB (SPEC-2)
12
Himantopus
himantopus
B
BD I
Mb
13
Falco eleonorae
B
BD I
MB, pm (SPEC-2)
14
Plegadis falcinellus
B
BD I
PM
15
Pluvialis apricaria
B
BD I
WV
16
Gallinago gallinago
B
BD I
pm (SPEC-2)
17
Egretta alba
B
BD I
pm, wv
18
Sterna nilotica
B
BD I
PM
19
Circus cyaneus
B
BD I
pm, wv (SPEC-3)
20
Pernis apivorus
B
BD I
PM (SPEC-4)
21
Alcedo atthis
B
BD I
pm, wv (SPEC-3)
22
Lanius minor
B
BD I
PM (SPEC-2)
23
Falco naumani
B
BD I
PM, FB (SPEC-1)
24
Egretta garzetta
B
BD I
PM, wv
25
Buteo rufinus
B
BD I
rb, pm, wv
26
Circus aeruginosus
B
BD I
PM, wv
27
Lanius nubicus
B
BD I
MB, pm (SPEC-2)
28
Circus pygargus
B
BD I
PM (SPEC-4)
29
Nycticorax nycticorax
B
BD I
PM
76
74
No
Name
Zoological
EU
Status
30
Caprimulgus europaeus
B
BD I
PM, MB (SPEC-2)
31
Emberiza hortulana
B
BD I
PM
32
Pandion haliaetus
B
BD I
pm (SPEC-3)
33
Circus macrourus
B
BD I
PM (SPEC-3)
34
Falco peregrinus
B
BD I
rb, pm, wv (SPEC-3)
35
Ardea purpurea
B
BD I
PM
36
Lanius collurio
B
BD I
PM, OB (SPEC-3)
37
Falco vespertinus
B
BD I
PM (SPEC-3)
38
Coracias garrulus
B
BD I
PM, MB (SPEC-2)
39
Sylvia rueppelli
B
BD I
PM
40
Falco cherrug
B
BD I
Pm
41
Ficedula semitorquata
B
BD I
Pm
B
BD I
RB
B
BD I
PM, MB (SPEC-3)
42
43
Phalacrocorax
aristotelis desmarestii
Calandrella
brachydactyla
44
Larus genei
B
BD I
PM, wv
45
Ardeola ralloides
B
BD I
PM
46
Burhinus oedicnemus
B
BD I
PM, WV, RB (SPEC-3)
47
Anthus campestris
B
BD I
PM (SPEC-3)
48
Bucanetes githagineus
B
BD I
Pm
49
Pelecanus onocrotalus
B
BD I
Pm
50
Ciconia ciconia
B
BD I
Pm
51
Lullula arborea
B
BD I
WV, RB ?? (SPEC-2)
Notes: RB = Resident Breeder, PM = Passage Migrant, MB = Migrant Breeder, OB = Occasional
Breeder, WV = Winter Visitor, FB = Former Breeder. Upper case letters signify commonly occurring
species where as lower case letters indicate rarely occurring species.
77
75
Name
Agioi Constantinos (Church and necropolis)
Kayalar Carob Storage Yard
Agios Georgios (Church)
Panagia (Chapel)
Ayia Irini (Churh-Mosque)
Panagia Krinotissa (Chapel)
Vasilya Mosque
Agia Anastasia (Church)
Agios Theodoros (Church)
Apostolos Loukas (Church)
Agios Minas (Church)
Timios Prodromos
Agia Paraskevi (Church)
Agia Evdokia (Chapel)
Panagia Airkotissa (Chapel)
Agia Varvara (Chapel)
Agia Marina (Chapel)
Archangelos (Chapel)
Agios Andronikos (Chapel)
Haydarpasha Mosque
Seyit Mehmet Agha Mosque
Lambousa site area
Pigades Temple
29 Old Houses
Old Police Station
Water canals and water mill
Front wall of base floor
Old two school rooms and public house
Hall
Hotel and shops
Place
Sadrazamköy
Kayalar
Kayalar
Korucam
Akdeniz
Karsiyaka
Karsiyaka
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Camlibel
Lefke
Lefke
Lefke
Lefke
Lefke
Lefke
Lefke
A building on which there is the British Royal emblem
School
Akentou Church
Soli Archeological site
Vouni Palace
Petra Tou Limnidi
Toumba Tou Skorou Archeological site
Karşiyaka-Evriman (Three Streams)
Karsiyaka-Karaogullar
Karsiyaka Daggüllü
Karşyaka Koca Tarla
Karsiyaka-Hüdaverdiler
Karsiyaka-Gumusalan
Karsiyaka
Kayalar
Lefke
Lefke
Lefke
Lefke
Yesilirmak (Lefke)
Yesilirmak (Lefke)
Guzelyurt/Morphou
Karşyaka
Karşyaka
Karşyaka
Karşyaka
Karşyaka
Karşyaka
Karşyaka
Kayalar
78
76
Name
Agioi Constantinos (Church and necropolis)
Kayalar Carob Storage Yard
Agios Georgios (Church)
Panagia (Chapel)
Ayia Irini (Churh-Mosque)
Panagia Krinotissa (Chapel)
Vasilya Mosque
Agia Anastasia (Church)
Agios Theodoros (Church)
Apostolos Loukas (Church)
Agios Minas (Church)
Timios Prodromos
Agia Paraskevi (Church)
Agia Evdokia (Chapel)
Panagia Airkotissa (Chapel)
Agia Varvara (Chapel)
Agia Marina (Chapel)
Archangelos (Chapel)
Agios Andronikos (Chapel)
Haydarpasha Mosque
Seyit Mehmet Agha Mosque
Lambousa site area
Pigades Temple
29 Old Houses
Old Police Station
Water canals and water mill
Front wall of base floor
Old two school rooms and public house
Hall
Hotel and shops
Place
Sadrazamköy
Kayalar
Kayalar
Korucam
Akdeniz
Karsiyaka
Karsiyaka
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Camlibel
Lefke
Lefke
Lefke
Lefke
Lefke
Lefke
Lefke
A building on which there is the British Royal emblem
School
Akentou Church
Soli Archeological site
Vouni Palace
Petra Tou Limnidi
Toumba Tou Skorou Archeological site
Karşiyaka-Evriman (Three Streams)
Karsiyaka-Karaogullar
Karsiyaka Daggüllü
Karşyaka Koca Tarla
Karsiyaka-Hüdaverdiler
Karsiyaka-Gumusalan
Karsiyaka
Kayalar
Lefke
Lefke
Lefke
Lefke
Yesilirmak (Lefke)
Yesilirmak (Lefke)
Guzelyurt/Morphou
Karşyaka
Karşyaka
Karşyaka
Karşyaka
Karşyaka
Karşyaka
Karşyaka
Kayalar
78
77
Name
Vrysi - Tou Barva
Tepebasi Ambelia
Tepebasi Kypous
Hisarköy Mersinia
Karpaşa Hadji Pantelis
Korucam Kornos
Lapta Alonia ton Plakon (E)
Lapta Alonia ton Plakon (W)
Lapta Arodaphrioudia
Lapta Phloudia
Lapta Pourin
Lapta Sphinarin
Lapta Vasiliates
Panayia Kathari
Ayia Marina
Sadrazamköy Galales
Motidhes Village
Camlibel Kafkalla
Camlibel Kastrovounos
Kayalar Palialona
Karsiyaka Evrima cemetery
Karsiyaka Harvest Field (Harman Tarlas)
Karsiyaka Loukkas Trachonas cemetery
Karsiyaka Myliades cemetery
Karsiyaka Pyrgos Triantaphylia
Karsiyaka Sina Monastry
Karsiyaka Stypia
Karsiyaka Vavilas Chiliomodousa
Guzelyurt-Omerli Early Bronz Age Mine Processing Place
Osman Pasha cemetery
Lefke Middle Mosque
Lefke Lower Mosque
Piri Mehmet Pasha Mosque
Place
Lapta-Tinaztepe
Tepebasi
Tepebasi
Hisarköy
Karpaşa
Korucam
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Lapta
Kozanköy
Kozanköy
Sadrazamkoy
Camlibel
Camlibel
Kayalar
Karsiyaka
Karsiyaka
Karsiyaka
Karsiyaka
Karsiyaka
Karsiyaka
Karsiyaka
Karsiyaka
Karsiyaka
Lefke
Lefke
Lefke
Lefke
Guzelyurt-Kalkanli Kapouti (The late bronze and medieval age antiquity area)
Mevlevi Calcolitique settlement and necropole area
Caliduzu necropole area
Early-Late Bronze age antiquity area
Ayia Petra settlement place
Phila Vasiliko-Kafkalka Necropole area
Sakarya Quarter Natural assets
Aqueducts, water towel, and water mill
Historical fountain
Royal cemetery
Soli Necropole area
One floored Ottoman building and train station
Kalkanli, Guzelyurt
Mevlevi, Guzelyurt
Mevlevi, Guzelyurt
Ozhan, Lapta
Serhatkoy, Guzelyurt
Serhatkoy, Guzelyurt
Lapta
Baspinar, Lapta
Tepebasi
Akdeniz
Lefke
Guzelyurt
79
Grand Total
Güzelyurt
Girne
Regions
55
42
2
Kayalar
Gemikonağ
11
Lapta
Fishery Shelters
No. Of
Registered
Commercial
Fishery
Boats
Annex 8: NWA fishery shelters and boat
55
42
2
18
10
2
6
B
A
11
Amautor Boats
Commercial Fishery Boats
Controled
73
52
4
17
A+B
Total
78
Guzelyurt
Lefke
Lapta
4*
3*
2*
1*
Bungalow
Non
classified
Total
2*
1*
Holiday
Vil.
Class
1
7
10
24
1
6
10
23
1
1
1
1
1
Number
2008
1
5
2006
1
5
Hotel frequentation in the NWA
1
11
24
1
1
2009
1
3
1
1
6
38
293
1963
33
314
138
42
38
233
22
318
138
42
38
109
22
277
Bed capacity
2006
2008
2009
325
224
224
998
708
708
Hotel frequentation in north Cyprus
Number of clients
Night spent
2008
2009
2008
2009
478 392
474 600
1 565 539
1 653 566
Annex 9: Hotel frequentation of North Cyprus and NWA
7389
19158
63
2350
2271
13824
233
236
206
2216
3544
12143
171
413
58
1431
Number of clients
2006
2008
2009
2686
1741
2459
6670
7390
4651
Nb of bed nights per tourist
2008
2009
3,3
3,4
36874
97736
272
12393
2006
14013
34184
25079
68784
645
379
505
7048
Night spent
2008
7476
28676
20261
60950
458
598
145
7977
2009
11122
21445
4.99
5.1
4.32
5.27
81
11.04
4.98
2.8
1.6
2.5
3.2
2.7
1.4
5.72
5.01
2.5
5.6
Average night per tourist
2006
2008
2009
5.22
4.3
4.5
5.13
3.9
4.6
79
4) “Akça Köyü Art and Culture Festival”
- Financed by the Municipality, GUSAD (Güzelyurt Art Society) and Government’s Culture Department
- Made in AKM and the Sport Center
- Duration: 1 week – 10 days
- Total number of participants: around 4000
- Participants: local visitors, mostly from the area
- Actually made in May
3) “GUSAD’s Folklore Culture Festival”
- Since 2003
- Generally in November or December
- Duration: 15 days
- Total number of participants: around 5000
- Most of the participants are from the area but there are many coming from other regions
- Total Budget: 100 000 TL
- Financed by the municipality and the sponsors
- Activities: theaters/plays (local/from Turkey), folklore performances, reading tales/stories, cooking competition
2) “Theater Days”
82
- The First one in 1978 (in 2009 the 32nd festival from the 26 June till the 12 July)
- Participants: 4000 per day
- Only 1% of tourists
- Budget: 200 000TL
- Financed by the Municipality, sponsors and public institutions
- Activities: cortege walk in the opening with animators and illusionists, concerts, voice contest, beauty contest “International Peace Beauty Contest”,
fiesta for kids (food stands, animations, competitions, games), discount days in the central shopping place, best shopwindow (display) contest , sportive
activities; football, backgammon and dart, folklore and dance performances, lottery, local handicrafts and food stands, firework display
1/ Orange Festival
GUZELYURT
Annex 10: Festivals in NWA
80
- End of March – Beginning of April (This year 20-21 March)
- Frst one was organized in 2005. This is the 6th year
- 2000-3000 people visiting
- local (from everywhere in North Cyprus) and foreign tourists
- The usual budget is about 8-9000 TL. This year hey plan to organize a concert during the
Festival. (than the budget will be ≈ 18 000TL) but they asked contribution from Lapta municipality (which is not yet approved).
- Activities; Folklore, bicycle race, pillow run (traditional), local handicrafts and food stands.
7) Tulip festival of Tepebaş
LAPTA
- Tradition which has stopped after 1974
- Planned to be organized in this year similarly to the original one
- Mostly like a fair ; with stands and also local products stands and a beauty contest
6) Strawberry Festival of Yeşilrmak
83
- Organized together with European University of Lefke but financed only by the Municipality
- Since 2006 (the 4th has been organized last year)
- In November, during 1 week
- Around 6-700 people are participating
- Local participants from every districts of TRNC
- The total budget is approximately 30 000 TL
- Content of the program: classical music concerts are given in the “Cultural Centre of Atatürk” (AKM) and exhibition of paintings and photos in the “EUL
exhibition center”
5) International Music and Culture Festival
LEFKE
- Made in June
- In the village
- Local visitors, mostly from the area
- Activities: Theater, Music, Folklore
81
- Organized by the Lapta Municipality
- Since 2008 (this year it will be the third)
- In June, during 2 days
- Around 10 000 people in total are participating
- Local participants from Lapta and from every regions of TRNC
- The total budget is 80 000 TL
- Content of the program: Cortege walk, Stands of local foods (halloumi, molasses, halloumi and olive breads, kleftico..etc.) and handicrafts (local
handicrafts, other special handicrafts of Cyprus, pottery, wickerwork...etc.), An ancient Cyprus Home reflecting the cypriot culture has been designed
(with an old bed, original old clothes, and some original hand tools, instruments), Dance performances (folklore and modern dance), concert (pop
music), Sportive activities (biking, jet-ski, canoe, swimming, spearfishing, darts and a walk in the nature).
8) Tourism festival of Lapta
82
83
Annex 11: List of local stakeholders that participated in the consultation process of the Local
Development Strategy
Name Surname
Institution
Abdamazak Arslan
Restaurant
Abdullah Aktoprak
Agriculture Department
Abdullah Cangil
Güzelyurt C.T.C.P.U
Adgüzel Akdeniz
ÇAM-SEV
Ahmet Açksöz
Buluç Dairy Products
Ahmet Güral Ersun
TEP-DER
Ahmet Saldam
Saldam Ltd.
Ahmet Tayyareci
Municipality of Lapta
Aktürk Planc
Agriculture Department
Aldoğan Eyüpoğlu
KEMA Foundation
Alev İzdağ
Kayder Representative
Ali Arensavaş
KEMA Foundation
Arkn ENGÜNEY
Güzelyurt Agr. Department Pomegranate Dep.
Arzu Çağn
Edge Project
Ata Baler
Ayşe Dönmezer
Çamlköy
Tepebaş / Head of Culture, Art and Nature Conservation
Ass.
YAGA (CTIDA)
Ayşe Ökeoy
State Planning Organization
Ayşen TÜRKMEN
LEFKE European University
Bahadr Mahmutoğlu
Cyp. Tur. Chamber of Artisans and Shopkeepers
Bengü Mndkoğlu
YAGA (CTIDA)
Berna Kemal Altun
Güzelyurt Agriculture Department
Betül Atasayan
EUCC
Burcu Barn
EUCC
Can CONKBAYIR
Forestry Department
Cemal Redif
Cypruvex
Cemal Kaş
Kalkanl Eco - tourism Ass.
Cemal Sofda
Producer
Cemal Yorulmaz
Restaurant Vouni King
Cemre Erel
YAGA (CTIDA)
Cengiz TABAK
ELYE-FOOD
Christian Harel
Crop Husbandry Team
Damla Boğaç
Deniz Solyal
Edge Project
Ministry of Agriculture
Dilek Bahçvan
Beekeeping
Dr. Orhan Aydeniz
KEMA Foundation
Ayhan BIÇAKLI
85
84
Emin Bahçvan
Beekeeping
Emine Sivri
Museum of Archeology and Nature
Engiz Portakaloğlu
CMC Golf
Ercan POYRAZ
Forestry Department
Ergun Taşkn
Lefke Gardens Hotel operator
Erkut Uluçam
Ersen Ekici
Teacher
Ertan Adakan
C.T.C.P.U Coop.
Ertan ADATAŞ
C.T.Citrus Producers Union
Frat YORAN
Fuat Namsoy
ÇAM-SEV
Gamze Kandinç
YAGA (CTIDA)
Gülcan Yalnca
Natura 2000 Project
Güliz KUSET
Forestry Department
Güner NURİ
ÇAM-SEV
Gürkan Kara
Halil ÇORBA
Girne District Office
Beekeepers Union
Hasan ÇUVALCIOĞLU
Güzelyurt Agr. Department Pomegranate Dep.
Hasan İlkay
C.M.C Golf Club
Hasan Karltaş
Hasan Öksüz
CTTGA (Cyp. Turk. Turist Guides Union)
Hasan Altan Öksüz Marketing Ltd.
Hasan Özçelik
State Planning Organization
Hülya DAVULCU
Town Planning Department
Hüseyin HANÇERLİOĞLU
Forestry Department
Hüseyin Kozal
Cypruvex
Hüsnü Rüstemoğlu
Beekeeper
İlhami Tozlu
Crop Husbandry Team
İsmet ÇAKIR
Fisherman
Kamil Gilanloğlu
Restaurant operator
Kemal ÇOLAK
Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
Kemal Kayan
Kemal KAYAN
Municipality of Güzelyurt
Mahmut Özçnar
Mazlum Kortaş
Mehmet Bicen
SPO
Doğanc Potatoe Growers Union
Mehmet Gökçebağ
Mehmet KUTLAR
NEDA
Forestry Department
Mehmet Söföroğlu
Mehmet Zafer
Güzelyurt Archeology and Nature Museum
Municipality of Lefke
86
85
Menteş Gündüz
Güzelyurt District Office
Menteş GÜNDÜZ
Güzelyurt District Officer
Metin Dolu
CTTGA (Cyp. Turk. Turist Guides Union)
Murat ARSLAN
Mustafa Cemal
Mustafa Kavurma
Mount. Spor Ass.
Farmer
Mustafa KÜÇÜKBEKİR
Güzelyurt Agr. Department Pomegranate Dep
Nevter Zafer Cömert
Nilden Bektaş
EMU Faculty of Architecture
Niyazi Nizam
KTÇMO- Chamber of Environmental Enginneers
Nurhan ARAMEK
Town Planning Department
Nursel Ekici
Producer- Oryat
Olgun Emirzade
CMC Golf
Osman Serin
Gaziveren
Osman TUĞRUL
KEMA
Oytun ÖZBİLGİLİ
ÇAM-SEV
Ozan Serdaroğlu
Lefke European University
Ömer Balkç
Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
Ömür Akyüz
Forestry Department
Özdemiz ŞAKACI
Orman Dairesi
Özgür Sirkeciler
Özüm SALMAN
Pembe Kanatl
Forestry Department
Tourism Planning Department
Prof. Dr. Isk KORAY
KIDAV Cyprus Sea Researchs Foundation
Ramadan Gilanloğlu
Baker
Salih KARAHGİL
Forestry Department
Sami Dayoğlu
Güzelyur- Lefke Nar. Ür.Birliği
Samiye Kasap
Selçuk Benter
Selçuk ÜNGÜDER
NEDA
N.C.Citrus Producers Union
Senem Aktuğ
Chamber of Environmental Enginneers
Servet Tahsin ÇOBAN
Seyfi Tünelci
Muhtar of Çamlbel
Sinal Akgürcü
Copper Processor
Süleyman Aldağ
Şanel Tağmaç
Şener OTAĞ
Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Environment
Environmental Prot. Department
Tahsin Tolga Alav
Tamer DAYIOĞLU
Lefke Environment and Promotion Ass.
87
86
Tanyel Oktar
Eu Funded Project
Tijen Apakgün
Tunç BEYİT
KITOB (CTHU)
Animal Husbandry Department
Ülker Çiftçioğlu
Animal Husbandry Department
Ümit Erener
Restaurant
Ylbay Direkci
Kalkanl Eco tourism Ass.
Ylbay Geceyatmaz
Tourism Planning Department
Yldray Uluşan
Farmer
88
Preparation of this Local Development Strategy
has been supported by Rural Development
Support Team that is implemented by the experts
of consortium of Agriconsulting Europe SA (AESA)
Belgium, Agrin Co. Ltd., (Turkey) and ASP(France)

Local Development Strategy North West Area

Transkript

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