İNGİLİZCE Derleme 1 - Gaziantep İngilizce Özel Ders

YABANCI DİL SEVİYE TESPİT SINAVI
İNGİLİZCE
YDS
Derleme 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
Bu testte 80 soru vardır.
Her soru 1,25 puan değer taşımaktadır.
Yanlış cevap doğru seçeneği götürmeyecektir.
Sınavın toplam süresini 150 dakikadır
NOT: Bu deneme ÖSYM sorularına 2 adet ÖZGÜN soru ilavesi ile oluşturulmuştur.
Toplam 7443 kelime içeren testimiz, gerekli itina gösterilmeye çalışılsa da, herhangi
bir zorluk ayarına tabii tutulmamış olduğundan, büyük ihtimalle sınavda alacağınız
notu gösteremeyecektir.
Ancak durumun ne olduğunu kabaca görmek isteyenler ve toplu deneme yapan
çalışma arkadaşlarım için bir kaynak olarak faydalı olabilir.
Mehmet Mamger
BAŞARILAR DİLERİM.
DENEME NASIL ÇÖZÜLÜR
Çoğu kişi maalesef sınava hazırlanmanın önemli bir parametresi olan deneme çözmeyi ciddiye almaz ve onu
alıştırma ile karıştırır. Oysa deneme bir konuda ustalaşmak için kullandığımız alıştırmalardan çok farklıdır. Amacı
gayet nettir:
1. Seviyenin tespiti
2. İlerleme olup olmadığının tespiti
3. Eksikliklerin tespiti
4. Gerçek sınav için sağlam bir teknik ve yöntem geliştirme
Ben bir deneme çözümünde şu altı kıstasın olmazsa olmaz olduğunu düşünenlerdenim:
1.
TEK OTURUM, TAM SÜRE: Bir sınav tek oturumda ve araya mola verilmeden çözülmeli. Sınav
esnasında bir şey yenilip içilmemeli, tuvalet ve sigara molası da dâhil, araya mola konmamalı. Zira
gerçek sınavda bunları yapma şansımız yok. Her mola, denemedeki puanımızı yükseltecek ve
durumumuz hakkında gerçekçi olmayan fikirlere sahip olmamızı sağlayacaktır. Eğer İKİ BUÇUK
SAATLİK TEK OTURUM yapma şansımız hiç yoksa, verilen her mola için toplam süreden tam 5 dakika
kısaltılmalıdır. Üç defadan daha fazla mola verilmiş ise eğer, artık o sınav bir DENEME SINAVI değildir.
2.
SINAV BİTMEDEN KONTROL YOK: Tüm sorular bitmeden yapacağınız her kontrol, netinizi yukarı
çıkaracak ve durum tespitini imkânsızlaştıracaktır. Oysa gerçek sınavda, mesela 50. sorudayken bile, 3.
soruda verdiğimiz seçeneğin doğru olup olmadığı fikri beynimizi yemeye devam eder. Kuşku ve
belirsizlik, neti aşağı çeker.
3.
TAKILINCA İŞARETLEME GEÇ, SONRA BAK – SÜPÜRME YÖNTEMİ: Boş bırakabilme erdemi, çoğu
kişinin A puanlarına ulaşabilmesinde en önemli etkendir. Basit nedenlerle, okuduğu seçenekte çabuk bir
doğru cevap bulmazsa işaretleme yapmadan geçen bir kişi, daha sonra aynı seçeneğe baktığında
doğruya ulaşacaktır:
•
Uğraştığınız seçenek BOYUNUZUN ÜZERİNDE ve hatta iptal edilecek bir YANLIŞ SORU
olabilir. Onunla uğraşmanız zamanınızı yer ve kendinize inancınızı bitirir. İkisi de size en
lazım olan şey. Oluşan zaman baskısı ve hüsran duygusu, normalde doğru cevaplanabilecek
ve çok daha kolay pek çok sorunun yanlış cevaplanmasına yol açacaktır.
•
Uğraştığınız seçenek çözebileceğiniz zorluktadır ama o anda cevabı hatırlamıyorsunuz veya
doğru açıdan bakmıyorsunuzdur. Israr etmeniz size yardımcı olmaz. Ama başka sorularla
uğraşırken, beyniniz zaten bu soru için de yeter miktarda mesai sarf edecek ve bir daha
baktığınızda soruyu gayet kolaylaşmış olacaktır: Beyniniz problemi çözmüş veya soruya
yeniden bakarken bakış anızı değiştirmişsinizdir.
•
Uğraştığınız sorunun cevabı ya doğrudan veya modelleme mantığına göre okuyacağınız diğer
sorularda gizli olabilir. Siz diğer soruları okurken, beyniniz buradan doğru bilgileri kodlayacak ve
yeniden boş bıraktığınız soruya geldiğinizde, tercihiniz büyük ihtimalle doğru olacaktır.
Unutmayın en büyük kopya, soru kitapçığınızın bizatihi kendisidir.
Soruların hepsini bitirdikten sonra boş bıraktığınız sorulara yine sırayla birkaç defa dönüp, her doğru
cevap çıkmadığında yeniden boş bırakıp geçmeyi unutmayın. Böylece belirli bir süpürme-tarama
yöntemiyle aynı sorulara birkaç kez bakmış olacaksınız. Son 10 dakikada ise artık atma vakti gelmiş
olabilir. Hilelere ancak burada yer veriniz.
4.
SINAV BİTİNCE TAHMİN: Sınavdan sonra kaç net alacağınızı ±5 hata ile bilmeniz, durumunuzu tespitte
çok önemlidir. Bu tahmin bir müddet sonra hangi seçeneği bilerek, hangisini ise sallayarak yaptığınızı
bilmeniz hususunda size olağanüstü bir yetenek kazandıracak ve böylece hangi seçeneği hemen
işaretleyeceğinizi, hangi seçeneği boş bırakıp sonra bakmanız gerektiğini ve hangi seçenekte aslında
atmak durumunuzda olduğunu ve dolayısıyla hile-hurda kullanabileceğinizi bilmenizi sağlayacak.
5.
YANLIŞLARI BİR DAHA ÇÖZ – TURLAMA: Cevapları başkasına kontrol ettirip, yanlış cevaplarınızı bir
daha çözmeye çalışmanız, bir sonraki denemenizde NET ARTIRABİLMENİZ neredeyse en garanti
yoludur. Beyniniz (a) iki şık arasında hangisini seçmeniz gerektiğini öğrenecek, (b) yanlış yaptığı soruyu
bir daha çözdüreceğinizi anladığından, ilk hamlede doğruyu görmeyi başarabilecektir. Turlamayı illaki
tüm soruların cevabını kendiniz buluncaya kadar yapınız. Ama İLK TUR, en öğretici olandır.
6.
KELİME ÖĞREN: Sınavın bir kısmından keklime öğrenmeyi ihmal etmeyin. Bir limitiniz olsun, mesela
100. O sınavdan tam 100 adet bilmediğiniz kelime öğrenmeye bakın. Sadece paragraflardaki kelimelere
bakmanız bile yeterli olabilecektir.
MAMGER DİL
YDS
4.
1.-6. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere
uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
1.
DERLEME 1
Competition is generally regarded as an ---ingredient in the search for efficiency and
innovation.
A) irrepressible
B) impulsive
C) improbable
D) indispensable
By the 2nd century A.D., peace and order once
more ---- in Rome’s outlying provinces.
A) delivered
B) exceeded
C) prevailed
D) restrained
E) resisted
E) arrogant
5.
2.
Acid rain now presents scientists in Asia with
---- every bit as demanding as those faced in
Europe at the end of the 20th century.
A) contradictions
B) intentions
C) challenges
D) responses
Couldn’t we ensure that all critical networks are
kept securely ---- from the rest of the world?
A) taken away
B) left out
D) made over
E) cut off
C) put down
E) deceptions
3.
6.
The local officials had ---- wanted a steel bridge
to span the river, but finally agreed to a
reinforced concrete one.
A) nearly
B) initially
D) fully
E) completely
C) fairly
1
After the explosion of the Columbia eight years
ago, NASA carefully ---- plans for what to do if
an orbiter reached space safely but was
damaged and could not return.
A) gave back
B) brought out
D) drew up
E) dealt with
C) found out
MAMGER DİL
YDS
10. Children’s first experiments with paint begin ---many rhythmic brushings back and forth ---- the
paper.
7. - 16. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere
uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
7.
DERLEME 1
This particular rocket motor ---- to burn out after
about 65 seconds, after which the craft ---- to
coast upward for about 20 seconds.
A) with / across
B) by / on
C) within / over
D) through / for
A) was being designed / has continued
E) off / from
B) had been designed / will continue
C) was designed / had continued
D) would be designed / continued
E) has been designed / continues
8.
11. One of the best fossil locations in the United
States is the Morrison formation area ---- the
Dinosaur National Monument, which covers the
border ---- the states of Colorado and Utah.
Programmes of this type ---- electricity, gas and
water supply networks ---- from a central control
point.
A) about / of
B) in / on
A) allowed / managing
C) at / between
D) onto / through
B) allow / to be managed
E) over / towards
C) would allow / to have been managed
D) have allowed / to have managed
E) will allow / having been managed
9.
12. ---- the drinking culture affects virtually every
doctor in the land, with alcohol causally related
to 60 different medical conditions, it is rather
shocking that treatment for heavy drinkers
seems to have been such a low priority over the
years.
When the first Spanish explorers ---- the Florida
shores in the 16th century as they searched for
rumored gold and eternal youth, a number of
native Indian tribes ---- throughout the
peninsula.
A) was approaching / was long residing
B) approaches / long resided
C) approached / had long resided
D) have approached / could long reside
E) had approached / had long resided
2
A) Given that
B) In case
D) Unless
E) As soon as
C) So that
MAMGER DİL
YDS
13. Musical performers can be classified into many
different categories ---- vocalists and
instrumentalists.
A) as well as
B) both
D) either
E) more than
DERLEME 1
15. They were immensely pleased with their find,
----, although the crater’s size is not particularly
noteworthy, its structure is unique.
C) such as
A) nevertheless
B) but
C) however
D) for
E) unless
16. Such an investment would save many times ---water as could ever be supplied by draining the
Ebro river.
14. The cause of Beethoven’s death remained a
great mystery ---- the year 2000, when a sample
of his hair was analyzed using sophisticated
technology.
A) since
B) until
D) while
E) after
C) because
3
A) the more
B) more
D) as more
E) the most
C) as much
MAMGER DİL
YDS
DERLEME 1
20.
17.-21. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada
numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya
da ifadeyi bulunuz.
According to a recent report, public libraries in
Britain will be redundant by 2020 if current trends
continue. It is apparently the falling price of books
that (17) ---- libraries into a decline. The libraries
themselves have fought valiantly to reverse the
(18) ----. They now offer DVDs and computers with
internet (19) ----. But these, too, are increasingly
affordable and (20) ---- available at home. (21) ---libraries, it may indeed be the final chapter.
A) however
B) therefore
C) nevertheless
D) yet
E) while
17.
21.
A) had sent
B) would send C) has sent
A) Against
B) At
D) sent
E) was sending
D) With
E) For
18.
A) occasion
B) effort
D) situation
E) delivery
C) experience
19.
A) exit
B) entrance
D) admission
E) exposure
C) access
4
C) To
MAMGER DİL
YDS
DERLEME 1
25.
22. -26. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada
numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya
da ifadeyi bulunuz.
Towards the end of the 19th century, the typewriter
was already becoming popular, and new models
rapidly followed (22) ----. In particular, designers
(23) ---- ways of making them smaller and lighter.
Aluminum came to their aid. Up to that time
aluminum had been (24) ---- expensive for use in
anything except luxury items. But, following the
discovery in 1886 of an electrolytic refining method
the (25) ---- had increased and the price had
accordingly (26) ----.
22.
A) supply
B) excess
D) amount
E) process
A) risen
B) fallen
D) ceased
E) delayed
C) cost
26.
A) one another
B) each one
C) the next
D) another
E) the other one
23.
A) are seeking
B) would seek
C) have sought
D) sought
E) would be seeking
24.
A) such
B) too
D) as
E) so
C) more
5
C) exchanged
MAMGER DİL
YDS
29.
27. - 36. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun
şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
27.
DERLEME 1
A) we should certainly make ourselves better
prepared to deal with them
As computer systems grow even more complex
----.
A)
this could have been a boon for information
technology services firms
B)
they have to be managed by information
technology consultancies
B) some companies would claim to have found
tailored solutions to them
C) such a natural catastrophe was quite
unexpected
D) it is rarely covered by an insurance policy
C) they were still focussing primarily on
performance and new features
E) on this occasion financial losses were
enormous
D) they will have tackled some of the most
complex problems imaginable
E)
28.
Since we cannot eliminate natural hazards
such as earthquakes, ----.
the automatic destruction of computer viruses
is another one
---- when we interfere with planetary processes
on a large scale.
30.
A) Climate change would almost certainly be
accelerated
B) We were extremely lucky that industrialists
chose to use chlorine compounds not bromine
Though demand greater than supply pushes up
profits in a business, ----.
A)
it produces misery in a welfare state
B)
the employees also responded well
C) they were offered a poor quality of service
C) The polar regions were adversely affected too
D) this determines the amount of profit
D) We know surprisingly little about the risks we
are running
E)
E) Aerosol emissions stay in the atmosphere for
only a few days
6
the issue of mutual esteem and respect should
be overlooked
MAMGER DİL
YDS
31. While everyone unconsciously uses defence
mechanisms, ----.
A)
some people assume that they can deal with
problems on their own
B)
treatments differ according to the type of
personality disorder
DERLEME 1
33.
Europeans, apparently, feel it is their duty to
tell Australians ----.
A) whether any damage will have occurred
B) if clinical trials were not permissible
C) so that they designate special areas of
conservation
C) people with a dependent personality avoid
undertaking responsibilities
D) how they should protect their coral reefs
D) drug therapy is frequently complicated by
misuse of the drugs or by suicide attempts
E) until the committee can safely discuss the
findings
E)
people with personality disorders use them in
inappropriate or immature ways
34.
32. ----, the remaining cells of this type often
generate new cells.
A)
As most human cells do not maintain large
stores of carbohydrates
B)
Although cells are capable of performing their
special functions
A) in case continued exploration of the moon
could reveal much about the evolution of the
solar system
B) even if ground telescopes equipped with
adaptive optics can be as efficient as the
Hubble Space Telescope
C) Since the principal substance from which cells
extract energy is oxygen
C) since the orbiters sent to Mars in the past few
years have thoroughly mapped its topography
and mineralogy
D) When cells of a particular type are destroyed,
due to one cause or another
E)
To prevent a repeat of the Columbia
catastrophe, NASA requires all shuttles to dock
with the space station, ----.
Because the most abundant substance in most
cells is proteins
D) just as the fundamental goal of missions has
been to expand the human presence in space
E) where astronauts can inspect and repair
damage to the vehicles or, if necessary, await
a rescue effort
7
MAMGER DİL
35.
YDS
----, life as we know it could not exist.
DERLEME 1
37. -42. soruIarda, verilen İngilizce cümlenin
Türkçesini, Türkçe cümlenin İngilizcesini
bulunuz.
A) As far as they had penetrated
B) Since the ozone layer had been irreparably
damaged
37. The European Union has supported democratic
elections throughout Latin America by
providing technical assistance to local electoral
authorities.
C) If the Earth were directly exposed to solar
wind
D) Until considerably more knowledge is
accumulated
A) Güney Amerika’daki tüm demokratik seçimler,
yerel seçim yetkililerine teknik yardım
sağlayan Avrupa Birliği’nin desteğiyle
gerçekleşmiştir.
E) That everything points to the contrary in these
arctic regions
B)
Avrupa Birliği, yerel seçim yetkililerine teknik
yardım sağlayarak, tüm Latin Amerika’da
demokratik seçimleri desteklemiştir.
C) Avrupa Birliği, Güney Amerika’nın tümünde,
yerel seçim yetkililerine teknik yardım
yapmanın yanı sıra, demokratik seçimlere
destek vermiştir.
D) Tüm Güney Amerika’da, demokratik seçimler,
Avrupa Birliği’nin, yerel seçim yetkililerine
teknik yardım ve desteğiyle gerçekleşmiştir.
E)
36.
Güney Amerika’nın tümünde demokratik
seçimleri destekleyen Avrupa Birliği, yerel
seçim yetkililerine teknik yardım da
sağlamıştır.
----, it was possible to travel from the Adriatic
coast to Syria, on wide, well-constructed, stone
roads.
A)
As the Roman way of life was dominant
B)
As roads would have been of vital importance
for trade
38. A study made by an American research centre
has found that the Internet is the third most
popular source for news among Americans,
behind local and national television.
C) Unless the Roman Empire brought benefits
D) When the Roman Empire was at its height
E)
A)
Amerikalılar arasında, İnternetin, yerel ve
ulusal televizyonun ardından en sık
yararlanılan üçüncü haber kaynağı olduğunun,
bir Amerikan araştırma merkezince
belirlenmesinden sonra, internetin yaygınlığı
artmıştır.
B)
Bir Amerikan şirketinin yaptığı araştırmaya
göre Amerikan toplumunun üçüncü en
güvenilir haber kaynağı, yerel ve ulusal
televizyonun ardından gelen İnternettir.
Until the Roman Empire had begun to expand
C) Bir Amerikan araştırma merkezinin
araştırması, yerel ve ulusal televizyonun, en
çok tercih edilen üçüncü haber kaynağı olan
İnternetin önünde olduğunu ispat etmiştir.
D) Bir Amerikan araştırma merkezince yapılan
çalışma, Amerikan halkı arasında, İnternetin,
yerel ve ulusal televizyondan sonra, üçüncü
en yaygın haber kaynağı olduğunu ortaya
çıkarmıştır.
E)
8
İnternetin en sık başvurulan üçüncü haber
kaynağı olmasına rağmen, yerel ve ulusal
televizyonu geçemediği, bir Amerikan
araştırma merkezince kanıtlanmıştır.
MAMGER DİL
YDS
41. Yeni banknot ve madeni paralarımız yenilenen
tasarımları, değişen boyutları ve gelişmiş
güvenlik özellikleriyle, 1 Ocak 2009’dan beri
kullanımdadır.
39. The severity of a burn depends on the amount
of tissue affected and the depth of the injury,
which is described as first, second, or third
degree.
A)
Bir yanığın şiddeti, etkilenen doku miktarına ve
hasarın birinci, ikinci veya üçüncü derece
olarak tanımlanan derinliğine bağlıdır.
B)
Etkilenen dokuların durumu ve oluşan hasarın
derinliği, yanığın birinci, ikinci veya üçüncü
derece olarak belirtilen şiddetini ortaya koyar.
A)
C) Our new banknotes and coins, with their
renewed designs, changed dimensions and
improved security features, have been in use
since 1st January, 2009.
D) Bir yanığın şiddetinin birinci, ikinci veya üçüncü
derece olarak tanımlanması, zarar gören doku
miktarıyla ve ortaya çıkan hasarın derinliğiyle
ilişkilidir.
D) With their new designs, different dimensions
and perfect security features, new banknotes
and coins have come into use after 1st
January, 2009.
Birinci, ikinci veya üçüncü derece olarak
adlandırılan hasar derinliği ve zarar gören
dokuların çokluğu göz önüne alınarak bir
yanığın şiddeti saptanabilir.
E)
The governments in various West African
countries are so inefficient in the management
of their vast mineral resources that they have
become solely dependent on foreign aid.
B)
In some West African countries, the inability of
the governments to manage their rich mineral
resources efficiently has caused them to be
dependent on foreign aid.
They renewed the designs, changed the
dimensions and improved the security features
of our banknotes and coins on 1st January
2009, so they are in use now.
42. İnsan vücudu, her biri, yaşamı sürdürmek için
gerekli olan bir işlevi yerine getiren ayrı ayrı
organ ve dokulardan oluşmuş son derece
karmaşık bir sistemdir.
40. Bazı Batı Afrika ülkelerinde, hükümetlerin, kendi
zengin maden kaynaklarını etkin bir şekilde
yönetememeleri, onların dış yardıma bağlı
kalmalarına neden olmuştur.
A)
Our banknotes and coins are new because
they have had unusual designs, different
dimensions and improved security features
since 1st January, 2009.
B) Since 1st January, 2009, we have used
banknotes and coins that have been designed
with new dimensions and security features.
C) Bir yanığın birinci, ikinci veya üçüncü derece
olarak sınıflandırılan hasar derinliği ile zarar
görmüş doku miktarına dayanılarak o yanığın
şiddeti belirlenir.
E)
DERLEME 1
A)
The human body is a highly complex system
made up of separate organs and tissues, each
performing a function essential to maintaining
life.
B) Since the human body consists of many
different organs and tissues, each of which has
a function essential for the maintenance of life,
it is to be compared to an extremely complex
system.
C) Due to their failure in exploiting their vast
mineral resources, the governments in a
number of West African countries have been
dependent on foreign aid.
C) The human body, which is an extremely
complex system, is made up of innumerable
organs and tissues which have separate
functions essential for the maintenance of life.
D) Since some governments in the West African
countries have been unable to exploit their rich
mineral resources adequately, they have
become entirely dependent on foreign aid.
D) The presence of many different organs and
tissues, each of which performs a function
necessary for maintaining life, makes the
human body a very complicated system.
E)
E) The human body is so complicated a system
that each of the organs and tissues it consists
of performs a function vital for maintaining life.
Because of their inefficiency in managing and
exploiting the vast mineral resources of their
countries, some West African governments
have come to be dependent on foreign aid.
9
MAMGER DİL
YDS
44. The surprising aspect of von Mutius’s study was
that ----.
43. - 46. sorulan aşağıdaki parçaya g öre
cevaplayınız.
The hygiene hypothesis was first described in 1989
by David P. Strachan, a British epidemiologist, who
noticed that the more children in a family, the lower
the rates of allergies and eczema. Children in large
families tend to exchange colds and other
infections more often than children with fewer
siblings, and this increased exposure to pathogens
perhaps protected these children from allergies.
That same year, Erika von Mutius, an
epidemiologist at Munich University, was looking
into the effect of hygiene on asthma. Children from
dirtier East Germany, she was shocked to find, had
dramatically less asthma than their West German
counterparts living in cleaner, more modern
circumstances. The East German children had
likely been exposed to many more viruses and
bacteria. According to the hygiene hypothesis,
exposure in early childhood to infectious agents
programs the immune system to mount defences
against disease-causing viruses, bacteria and
parasites. Better sanitary conditions deprive the
immune system of this training, so the body fights
against harmless particles as if they were deadly
threats. The resulting allergic reaction leads to the
classic signs of asthma. However, although much
data supports the hygiene hypothesis for allergies,
the same cannot be said for asthma. Contrary to
expectations, asthma rates have increased
drastically in urban areas in the US that are not
particularly clean.
are a recent health concern among children
B)
often affect whole families and therefore may
have a genetic component
West German children were not as well-cared
for as previously thought
B)
East German children were living in such
unsanitary conditions that they had more
problems related to asthma
D) differences in the standard of living had no
effect on the development of diseases
E)
East German children had received better
medical treatment for their respiratory problems
than the West German children
45. Regarding the hygiene hypothesis, it can be
inferred that ----.
A)
the human immune system has evolved to
become weaker and less effective at fighting
illnesses
B)
it is only applicable to the problem of asthma in
children and has no bearing on health problems
of adults
C) bacteria and viruses multiply more quickly in
clean environments
D) more research is necessary to determine to
what extent it explains the development of
asthma
E)
C) are often the result of frequent infections
it is a useful model for describing the
transmission of all illnesses
46. According to the passage, Strachan’s and von
Mutius’s studies ----.
D) may be more common among children living in
European countries
E)
A)
C) unsanitary conditions seemed to result in fewer
respiratory problems
43. It can be understood from the passage that
allergies ----.
A)
DERLEME 1
A)
seemed to support the same hypothesis
despite being conducted with quite different
populations
B)
are similar in that they both involve populations
of children suffering from the same illness
may occur less frequently in those who have
had early exposure to viruses and bacteria
C) were incomplete in their assessments as they
both focused on children living in poor
conditions
D) cannot be compared since they were carried
out in different countries with different people
E)
10
were both intended to disprove the hygiene
hypothesis but ended up doing the opposite
MAMGER DİL
YDS
DERLEME 1
48. It is pointed out in the passage that some people
regard----.
47. – 50. sorulan aşağıdaki parçaya göre
cevaplayınız.
To some people, branding is about the art of lying
successfully and creating value out of nothing. A
good brand inspires trust, but the relationship
between the brand and the reality of the product
offered is frequently elastic. Branding is therefore
an art and the people who do it best are in great
demand. In many business segments entry is easy
as barriers are low and there is scarcely any
means of differentiating your product from that of
the competitor. Branding is all there is left to make
a difference. Mobile phone companies are a
classic lease, in which one company can copy the
competitor's contracts. Each company offers
virtually the same handsets. Apart from network
coverage, brand is everything. Another classic
example is airlines. Anyone can charter the same
Boeing 737and run an airline as long as it can
secure slots. The difference is finally down to
service and marketing.
A)
mobile phone companies as possessing
identical network coverage
B)
charter airlines as failing miserably in the
provision of services
C) branding as just another production expense
D) branding as an ingenious way of hiding the
truth about a product
E)
the relationship between the brand and the
product as rigid
49. We understand from the passage that what
counts most in business ----.
A)
is very often the brand name, products
generally being indistinguishable
B)
is the spirit of the people responsible for
marketing the brands
C) is a company's competitive spirit to outdo its
rivals
D) is short-term profitability
E)
50. It is emphasized in the passage that those
involved in the successful design and
promotion of brands ----.
47. The main point made in the passage is that---A)
mobile phone companies are more
enterprising than others
B)
charter airlines are not to be trusted
is not customer-confidence but business
expansion
A)
frequently confine their activities to very few
businesses
C) branding is often more important than the
product itself
B)
are not aware of the fact that they are
misleading the public
D) service and marketing are given far too much
importance in business
C) usually undergo a long period of rigorous
professional training
E)
D) are very highly valued in the business world
businesses need not be honest about the
quality of their products
E)
11
are clearly indifferent to the requirements of
service and marketing
MAMGER DİL
YDS
DERLEME 1
52. According to the passage, banks in Switzerland
and Britain, among other countries, ----.
51. – 54. sorulan aşağıdaki parçaya göre
cevaplayınız.
In an agreement made outside the courts in Basel,
Switzerland, Nigerian state representatives, Swiss
federal officers and executives from a dozen
European banks have agreed on the return of
around 1.1 billion Euros of the late dictator Sani
Abacha's investments to Nigeria. The conclusion of
what has been one of the world's largest
investigations into money laundering comes as a
huge relief to regulators and bankers in
Switzerland, the UK, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg
and Jersey, the destinations that provided safe
havens for Abacha's stolen millions. In exposing
just how easily Abacha was able to make deposits
of tens or hundreds of millions of dollars in
European banks that pride themselves on
watchfulness and integrity, the Nigerian
investigators highlighted major failings in both the
legislative and executive competencies of the
European banking community. Reform has already
taken place. Undoubtedly more will follow, but the
sorry tale of how Europe's banks aided the
dictator's outrageous years of theft cannot be
forgotten.
A)
had clearly always been very strongly
opposed to money-laundering
B)
allowed Abacha to deposit extremely large
amounts of money without, apparently, asking
any questions
C) had invested widely in Abacha's Nigeria
D) were particularly, anxious to settle the Abacha
case as quickly as possible
E)
introduced a series of radical reforms all of a
similar nature, at the request of their
governments
53. We understand from the passage that the banks
involved in the Abacha money scandal ----.
A)
rejected offhand the demands of the Nigerian
government
B)
resisted the reforms the court suggested
C) did not take the matter at all seriously
D) will be remembered for illegal dealings for
many years to come
51. It is clear from the passage that the decision
taken at Basle ----.
A)
concerned the recovery, by Nigeria, of the
huge amount of money appropriated by
Abacha
B)
involved a complete restructuring , of banking
throughout Europe
E)
C) was not welcomed by the Nigerians
themselves
54. It is understood from the passage that the
Abacha case ----.
D) finally brought the practice of moneylaundering to an end
E)
were unwilling to change their banking
practices
sent shock waves through the banking
community in Europe and caused the
closedown of several banks
A)
has revealed several significant shortcomings
in the European banking system
B)
was first investigated and legally settled in
Nigeria
C) has given rise to much friction among the
European countries involved
D) was the most scandalous court-case, of the
year in Basle
E)
12
was opened at the suggestion of a dozen
European banks
MAMGER DİL
YDS
DERLEME 1
56. We learn from the passage that, in the
construction of a fixed high span bridge, ----.
55. - 58. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
cevaplayınız.
A) the approaches to the bridge require a
considerable amount of land
Florida's more than 1,000 miles of coastline contain
about 150 drawbridges, more than are found in any
other state. As these bridges age and Florida grows
and changes, many of them now have to be
replaced. But replaced with what? Recently there
have been very many controversies over
drawbridges. One involved the Belleair Beach
Causeway, which was built in 1950. When it
approached the end of its 50-year lifespan, the
choice for a replacement came down to three
options: a drawbridge the same height as the
existing span (21 feet above high tide) but wider, to
accommodate modern traffic levels; a drawbridge
with a height of 45 feet; and a fixed span 65 feet
tall. Each choice had its advantages and
disadvantages. The two drawbridges would have
created the least disruption in nearby communities.
Opening a drawbridge inconveniences motorists,
however, and can cause a dangerous delay for
ambulances or in other emergencies. A drawbridge
also costs more to build and maintain. A high fixed
span would be cheaper and eliminate the delays,
but it would require extensive property acquisition to
accommodate its approaches. It would also tower
over the area and block the views of many
residents, and some tall boats would be unable to fit
underneath. However after much debate and many
hearings, the country board settled on a high fixed
span.
B) the height must be sufficient to enable all ships
to pass under it
C) its appearance must receive a great deal of
attention
D) every effort is taken to avoid spoiling the view
of local residents
E) an increase in width presents few problems
57. It's clear from the passage that when a new
bridge at Belleair Beach was under
consideration ----.
A) the width of the bridge caused more
controversy than its height
B) there was much discussion concerning the
advantages and disadvantages of the options
C) financial matters were of first importance
D) people wanted the new bridge to have a longer
lifespan than any earlier one
E) drawbridges were already beginning to lose
their appeal
55. According to the passage, one disadvantage of
----.
A) drawbridges and fixed span bridges alike, is
that their lifespans are short
58. We learn from the passage that a bridge with a
high fixed span ----.
B) a fixed high span bridge, is that it cannot be
readily replaced by a drawbridge
A) was what local residents were asking for
C) a drawbridge is that traffic is frequently held up
by it
B) takes longer to construct than a drawbridge
D) all bridges is that they attract more traffic and
so create more noise
C) has high maintenance costs in comparison with
a drawbridge
E) bridges of all shapes and sizes, is that they are
resented by local communities
D) was the type finally chosen for Belleair Beach
E) gained approval for aesthetic reasons
13
MAMGER DİL
YDS
DERLEME 1
60. The reason why the Greeks were not concerned
with the “application” of knowledge ----.
59. - 62. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
cevaplayınız.
Science, ever since the time of the Arabs, has had
two functions: to enable us to know things, and to
enable us to do things. The Greeks, with the
exception of Archimedes, were only interested in
the first of these. They had much curiosity about the
world, however, since civilized people lived
comfortably on slave labour, they had no interest in
the “application” of such knowledge to improve
lives. The Arabs, on the other hand, wished to
discover the philosopher’s stone, the elixir of life,
and how to turn base metals into gold. In the pursuit
of these things, they discovered many facts about
chemistry, but they did not arrive at any valid and
important general laws, and “application” remained
elementary. However, in the late Middle Ages, two
discoveries were made which had profound
importance. These were gunpowder and the
mariner’s compass. It is not known who made these
discoveries – the only thing certain is that it was not
Roger Bacon, who was an English philosopher of
the time.
A)
is that they preferred to use slave labour so that
they did not have to face the hardships of life
B)
can be explained by the fact that they were the
first to attempt to understand the nature of the
world
C) is that the notion of developing “applications”
did not occur to them at all
D) is that the areas they studied did not yield any
“applications”
E)
61. According to the passage, Archimedes ----.
A)
was a follower of the scientific tradition
developed by Arabs
B)
is a rather insignificant figure in the world of
Greeks
59. It can be inferred from the passage that ----.
A)
B)
lies in the fact that they had no interest in
making any new discoveries
C) did as much as the rest of the Greek scientists
to advance science
the “applications” developed by the Greeks and
Arabs helped establish today’s paradigms of
knowledge
D) was not only interested in knowing things but
also doing things
the Arabs’ research into chemistry included
some unrealistic goals
E)
C) the Arabians’ and Greeks’ contribution to
science was almost equal to modern efforts
studied the world as he was curious as regards
how it was formed
D) the Greeks’ involvement in science included
finding the elixir of life and the philosopher’s
stone
E)
what the Arabs did in the name of science
determined the parameters for the Greeks to
follow
62. The discovery of gunpowder and the mariner’s
compass in the Middle Ages ----.
A)
was immediately put to use by the Greeks
B)
was made by a group of scientists headed by
Roger Bacon
C) shows that the Arabs were primitive in their
knowledge of chemistry
D) was made possible by the joint scientific efforts
of the Arabs and Greeks
E)
14
had a great influence on people’s lives
MAMGER DİL
YDS
64. Liz:
- As far as I am concerned, today a serious
demographic crisis confronts some countries
in the West.
63. -67. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş
bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi
bulunuz.
Jane:
- What kind of “demographic crisis” are you
talking about? You mean a high rate of
population growth?
63
.
Jack:
- Good morning, Dick. I see you are reading an
article. What is it about? A serious topic?
Liz:
- ----
Dick:
- Yes, in my opinion, very serious, indeed. It is
about “globalization” but does not offer a full
discussion.
Jane:
- I see what you mean. A serious issue, indeed.
Jack:
- ---Dick:
- So you see, it is a very broad and also
complicated subject. No simple and easy
answers to your questions.
A)
B)
Doesn’t globalization generally mean that
information, ideas, goods, and people move
rapidly and easily across national boundaries?
A)
Most social welfare systems in the West have
been very efficient and contributed greatly to
the rise of a healthy population.
B)
Unlike most other European countries, the
United States and also Britain have kept
stable populations or seen mild population
growth mostly due to immigration.
C) On the contrary. Over the decades, countries
such as Italy, Germany, France, Belgium and
Holland have faced sharp declines in the birth
rate, leading to population decline.
Globalization has radically altered the
distribution of industry and patterns of trade
around the world, hasn’t it?
D) In fact, the availability of reliable birth control
methods and also the introduction of new
incentives for family planning have slowed
down the rapid rise of population in the
developed countries.
C) Don’t you think globalization is the process of
creating political, social, economic, and
cultural networks that span the world?
D) Globalization? What, precisely, does the term
mean? What causes or drives globalization,
and what are its effects?
E)
DERLEME 1
E)
The economic prosperity of the West has
enabled nations to introduce better and more
comprehensive health-care policies.
Isn’t it fair to say that, through globalization,
the world’s local, national, and regional
economies have become far more connected
and interdependent?
.
15
MAMGER DİL
YDS
65. Tom:
- I am doing research on the French
impressionists for a paper that I will present at
a conference in Paris.
DERLEME 1
66. Paul:
- Galileo’s pioneering work in astronomy
brought him into conflict with the Church.
Bill:
- Why do you call his work “pioneering”?
Ron:
- I know very little about them.
Paul:
- ----
Tom:
- ---Ron:
- I see. Actually, I have always admired their
paintings.
Bill:
- Surely, a set of new ideas. Moreover, we
mustn’t forget that he was a great
mathematician, too.
A)
Because most art galleries rejected their work,
they organized their own independent
exhibitions.
A)
He was convinced that Aristotle’s explanation of
the structure of the universe was inadequate
and had to be abandoned.
B)
For instance, Cézanne rejected traditional
perspective and put emphasis on the subjective
arrangement of colour and form.
B)
In the first place, the Church believed that his
work challenged its authority, and he was
therefore put on trial.
C) In my opinion, like most artistic movements,
modernism defined itself in opposition to a set
of earlier principles.
C) Actually, one of his life’s great scientific
passions was the problem of motion,
particularly the motion of objects on a moving
earth.
D) As an artist, Gauguin was very much influenced
by the symbolist movement in the late 19th and
early 20th centuries.
E)
D) Well, for the first time, he offered evidence that
the earth moved, discovered Jupiter’s moons,
and formed some idea of the enormous
distances between the stars.
Well, they were a group of young artists such
as Cézanne, Monet, Renoir and others who
came to prominence in the 1870s.
E)
At his trial, he argued that, if the Church
refused to recognize the “new science” and its
explanation of the natural world, the authority of
the Church would suffer.
67. Andrew:
- Do you happen to know anything about the
Nye Committee?
Colin:
- Yes, it was appointed in 1934 to investigate
the munitions industry following allegations
that armament firms were working against the
cause of peace.
Andrew:
- ----.
Colin:
- The allegations were found to be true, and
therefore, the industry was nationalized.
A)
What were the results of their investigations?
B)
What a world we live in!
C) How is it you know all this?
D) I wonder just how much money these people
make out of armaments.
E)
16
How long did these investigations take them?
MAMGER DİL
YDS
DERLEME 1
70. The view of the city from the top floor of the
hotel is absolutely wonderful, especially at
night when all the lights are on.
68. - 71. soruIarda, verilen cümleye anlamca en
yakın olan cümleyi bulunuz.
68. In extremely cold regions, many animals
hibernate, that is, they sleep through the winter,
because in this way they can survive.
A)
The view of the city, especially at night when
it’s all lit up, is well worth a visit to the top floor
of the hotel.
You must go up to the top floor of the hotel,
preferably at night, for a magnificent view of the
city and its lights.
A)
Many animals sleep through the winter, that is,
they hibernate, in really cold parts of the world,
as this makes it possible for them to survive.
B)
B)
Hibernation, or the practice of sleeping right
through the winter, is a survival technique
favoured by many animals in very cold regions.
C) From the top floor of the hotel you get a truly
splendid view of the city, particularly at night
when it’s all lit up.
C) Many of the animals that hibernate, that is,
sleep through the long, cold winters, do so from
choice, not necessity.
D) Be sure to go to the top floor of the hotel to get
a magnificent view of the city and its lights.
E)
D) When the winters are particularly cold, many
animals choose to hibernate, that is, sleep
through the long dark days and increase their
chances of survival.
E)
In order to survive in the coldest parts of the
world, many animals are forced to hibernate, or
sleep through at least a part of the winter.
71. Even if one forgets about the dangers involved,
coal-mining cannot be a very attractive way of
earning a living.
69. When UNICEF was established in 1946, its main
aim was to provide help for the many children in
need as a result of World War II.
A)
When it was founded in 1946, UNICEF took a
number of steps to improve the conditions of
children that survived World War II.
B)
In 1946, soon after the end of World War II,
UNICEF was set up to assist children
throughout the world.
A)
It’s the risks that are involved that really make
coal-mining such an unattractive form of
employment.
B) Working in a coal mine must be rather an
unpleasant form of employment even when one
ignores the risks.
C) Work in a coal mine may still be unpleasant but
there are no more risks than in other forms of
employment.
C) Because so many children had suffered during
World War II, UNICEF was set up in 1946 to
give them a better education.
D) Work in a coal mine is not the only form of
employment that has unpleasant aspects and
even risks.
D) In 1946 UNICEF was set up primarily because,
as a result of World War II, large numbers of
children were in need of help.
E)
After dark when the lights have come on, you
get an unforgettable view of the city from the
top floor of the hotel.
E)
Following World War II, UNICEF was set up in
1946 and has since made great efforts to help
children in the world.
17
It’s hard to imagine anyone enjoying working for
a living in a coal mine even if it is perfectly safe.
MAMGER DİL
YDS
73. 1968 was an extraordinary year, quite similar to
1848, with its wave of revolution. ---- Indeed,
international youth culture fostered a sense of
collective identity. The new media relayed
images of civil rights protest in the United
States to Europe and broadcast news and
pictures about the Vietnam War. The wave of
unrest shook the West. Moreover, traditional
political parties had little idea what to make of
these new movements and those who
participated in them.
72. -75. soruIarda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada
anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için
getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
72. The turn of the twentieth century brought a
series of crises to the Western empires. Those
crises did not end European imperial rule in the
colonies. ---- The crises also drove these
nations to expand their economic and military
commitments in what they called their
territories overseas. However, because of these
crises, the colonial confidence of these nations
was much shaken.
A)
B)
In recent years historians have become
increasingly interested in colonial cultures and
the results of the imperial encounter across the
world.
A)
The Iron Curtain had established one of the
most rigid borders in European history.
B)
The civil rights movement had enormous
significance for the twentieth century.
C) On the other hand, legal changes would not
have occurred without the women’s movements
in the West.
Writers such as Joseph Conrad believed that
imperialism signalled deeply rooted prejudices
in European culture.
D) The revolutionary spirit at the time was
intensely international.
C) They did, however, create sharp tensions
between Western imperial nations which had
already got into fierce rivalry for territorial gains.
E)
D) As a result of colonialism, European and
indigenous institutions and cultures were
transformed by their contact with each other.
E)
DERLEME 1
Especially in China and India, there were fierce
debates about whether education should be
“westernized” or continue on traditional lines.
18
The conservative traditions of the West made
intellectual reform difficult in the post-war
period.
MAMGER DİL
YDS
75. Opera was a seventeenth-century creation,
developed most significantly by the Italian
Baroque composer Claudio Monteverdi (15671643). He combined music with theatre for
greater dramatic intensity. Monteverdi’s new
form of opera appealed immediately. ---- Staged
within magnificent settings and calling on the
talents of singers, musicians, dramatists, and
stage designers, opera expressed as clearly as
any art form Baroque artists’ dedication to
grandeur, drama, and display.
74. William Shakespeare, the greatest of
Renaissance English dramatists, was born into
the family of a tradesman in the provincial town
of Stratford-upon-Avon. Little is known about
his early life. He left his native town, having
gained a modest education, when he was about
twenty, and went to London, where he found
employment in the theatre. ---- Yet by the age of
twenty-eight he had definitely acquired a
reputation as an author sufficient to excite the
jealousy of his rivals.
A)
How he eventually became an actor and still
later a writer of plays is uncertain.
B)
His final play, The Tempest, represents his
reflections on human nature and the power of
art.
C) The plays written during the early years of his
career are characterized by a sense of
confidence.
A)
During the Enlightenment, intellectual changes
went hand in hand with social and cultural
ones, and human equality and freedom were
regarded as natural.
B)
Eighteenth-century musicians, like eighteenth
century writers, found their careers and art
shaped by changing structures of culture.
C) In the Age of the Enlightenment, aristocratic
and court patronage remained the pillars of
support for musicians.
D) His Hamlet, which is his greatest play, is the
tragedy of indecisive idealism and passion for
the truth.
E)
DERLEME 1
D) Mozart’s opera The Marriage of Figaro, which
was based on a French play, depicts relations
between masters and their servants and
satirizes the abuses of privilege.
Throughout his tragedies one senses his
profound analysis of human character seized
by passion.
E) Within one generation operas were performed
in all the leading cities of Italy, and by the
eighteenth century they had captured attention
across Europe.
77. - 80. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla
okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü
bozan cümleyi bulunuz.
76. (I) In the early 1930s, the Nazis came to power in
Germany. (II) In August 1939, Einstein wrote
President Roosevelt a letter which he knew could
affect the war and the future of humanity. (III) The
subject was the possibility of Germany’s
development of nuclear weapons. (IV) In the letter
he wrote: “This situation calls for watchfulness and
quick action on the part of the Administration.” (V)
Upon Einstein’s letter, Roosevelt called for a
meeting of his military advisers.
A) I
19
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
MAMGER DİL
YDS
77. (I) A large body of water can store a huge amount
of heat from the sun during warm periods. (II)
Evaporation from a plant’s leaves keeps them from
becoming too warm in the sun. (III) At cooler times,
heat given off from the gradually cooling water can
warm the air. (IV) That is why coastal areas
generally have milder climates than inland regions.
(V) Moreover, water’s resistance to temperature
change also stabilizes ocean temperatures,
creating a favourable environment for marine life.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
DERLEME 1
79. (I) The tenth century in Europe witnessed a
remarkable growth of towns and cities. (II) For
instance, in England, by the middle of the eleventh
century, 10 per cent of the population lived in
towns, making it the most highly urbanized country
in Europe. (III) Therefore, the prosperity of the
medieval Italian cities rested mainly on their trade
with the Byzantine Empire and the Muslim world.
(IV) Cities also grew rapidly in France and
Germany. (V) In Spain, especially the growth of
Barcelona was beginning to transform the political
and social life of the country.
E) V
A) I
78. (I) The most commonly used illegal drug in the US
is marijuana. (II) Its potential for serious health
consequences is still debated, but few authorities
regard it as a major health risk. (III) In fact, a recent
study found no increased death rates for marijuana
users, except for men who died of AIDS. (IV)
Moreover, marijuana has been used medically to
treat glaucoma and to prevent the vomiting and
nausea associated with chemotherapy. (V)
Although this study does not determine cause and
effect, it seems safe to assume that marijuana did
not cause death from AIDS, but rather that men
receiving a diagnosis of AIDS may have
subsequently increased their use of marijuana.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
80. (I) Far from being a sinister pest, bats are actually a
good friend to humankind. (II) For a start, they eat
huge quantities of insects. (III) They are sometimes
described “mice with wings,” but this is totally
untrue. (IV) The little brown bat, for instance, is
capable of catching and eating 1200 small insects
in an hour. (V) They also play an important role in
pollinating flowers.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
E) V
SINAV BİTTİ
LÜTFEN CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ
20