september a version - İngilizce Hazırlık Atlama

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September 5, 2006
SECTION II. READING COMPREHENSION / Questions 36-65 (30 x 1.5 = 45 points)
Text 1. Read the text and choose the best alternative that answers each question.
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Vampires on the Leading Edge
"Rabid vampire bats attack Brazilian children" may sound like something out
of the tabloid Weekly World News, but the headline actually comes from the
respected magazine New Scientist.
Vampire bats have indeed been attacking Brazilian children. In fact, they've
bitten over 1,300 people since September 2005 and 23 of their victims have died from
rabies, a disease which causes people and animals to go mad and die. However,
beneath the sensational and bizarre story is more hopeful news about the emerging
field of conservation medicine.
Conservation medicine is a relatively new discipline referring to the
convergence of ecology and health science. It's a natural connection because the
health of individual plants, animals and people is intimately connected to the health of
the ecosystems in which they are embedded.
What does this have to do with bats? Well, the reason for the recent increase in
vampire bat attacks in Brazil is deforestation. The Amazon forests are being cleared
for industry and agriculture — especially grazing animals. With their homes gone,
the bats are resting closer to humans and they have a new, plentiful supply of slow
moving, warm-blooded victims – cattle (cows and bulls). This has led to larger
colonies in smaller areas, which makes the bats more aggressive and no longer fear
humans and also makes ideal breeding grounds for rabies.
Rabies isn't the only disease recently transferred to humans from bats. Bats are
also a natural reservoir for SARS, the respiratory virus that caused panic in Toronto
and spread through Southeast Asia two years ago. Originally, scientists thought civet
cats were the reservoir for SARS, but they now believe the civets were infected by
bats. Bats often don't eat all of their meals. Fruit bats, for example, chew fruit to
extract the sugars and then spit out what is left and that is eaten by animals searching
for food on the ground.
Scientists now believe that this is how the Nipah virus was spread through pig
farms in Malaysia five years ago, when farms began displacing forests and bats began
resting in barns. Authorities there had to kill one million pigs, and over 100 farm
workers died from the virus. But before hunting down these winged terrors, consider
what ecologist Andrew Dobson wrote in an analysis in the journal Science:
"Assuming we can control these diseases by simply controlling bats is both naïve and
short sighted. Instead, we must recognize that increased disease transmission from
bats to humans may simply reflect an increase in their contact because of modification
of the bat's natural environment."
In other words, as humans continue to modify and destroy bat habitats, we will
continue to run into these problems. To solve them, we must focus on conservation
and learn more about bat ecology and immunology - about which we currently know
very little. Ultimately, minimizing the conditions that lead to disease outbreak is much
more effective than dealing with the problem after it has already occurred.
In nature, everything is connected. And while people tend to think that human
society is somehow excluded from nature, like some sort of observer, we are in fact
deeply embedded in it. Because of this, our actions can have extensive, unexpected
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and mysterious consequences. The new field of conservation medicine can help us to unlock
those mysteries and build a healthier world.
36. The word ‘convergence’ in line 10 is closest in meaning to _________.
a) division
b) solution
c) combination
d) explanation
37. The word ‘their’ in line 15 refers to _________.
a) grazing animals
b) the Amazon forests
c) bats
d) humans
38. The word ‘there’ in line 29 refers to _________.
a) barns
b) forests
c) pig farms
39. The word ‘it’ in line 43 refers to _________.
a) nature
b) observer
c) human society
d) Malaysia
d) disease outbreak
40. According to the article, _________.
a) there will be more problems caused by bats unless humans continue to modify
their habitat
b) Dobson thinks the best way to control diseases transferred to humans from bats
is to control bats
c) more research needs to be done in the field of bat ecology and immunology
d) the headline about bats shows that New Scientist has become a tabloid magazine
41. Which of the following can be inferred from the article?
a) The Amazon forests have all been cleared to make barns for animals.
b) Bats can’t have played a significant role in the transfer of SARS to humans.
c) Bats are not afraid of humans any more because they have got used to humans.
d) Conservation medicine aims to modify the natural environment of animals.
42. Which of the following is true according to the article?
a) There has been a decrease in the size of the natural environment of bats.
b) Vampire bat attacks started after deforestation began.
c) Fruit bats do not eat the pulp of fruit because they do not like sugar.
d) Vampires face extinction because they have difficulty in finding food.
43. It can be inferred that the writer of the article _________.
a) thinks that humans must be excluded from the natural world
b) suggests finding a solution to the outbreak after it occurs instead of preventive action
c) is critical about the concept of conservation medicine
d) has a holistic approach to nature
44. The writer’s main purpose in writing this article is to _________.
a) explain how to stop deforestation in the Amazon forests
b) warn us about the diseases transferred to humans from bats
c) inform readers of the possible benefits of conservation medicine
d) underline the effects of bat attacks on Brazilian children
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September 5, 2006
Text 2. Read the text and choose the best alternative that answers each question.
Are Treasures Truly Safe?
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A once famous American bank robber said he robbed banks because ‘that is where the money
is.’ Actually, today museums are ‘where the money is’. Where else can one find so many
moveable items of great value within arm’s reach? In one art gallery alone, there can be
paintings worth more than a whole fleet of expensive jets. What’s more, while banks can hide
their money in vaults, museums are obliged to display their valuables.
So, the theft of a well-known painting would be discouraging news not only for anyone
who cares about art but especially for museum officials and gallery owners, who know how
vulnerable their treasures are. Art theft is a vast problem around the world. As many as 10,000
precious items of all kinds disappear each year and it may not be a problem which smaller
museums, in particular, can afford to solve.
As an example, on August 22, 2004, two famous paintings, The Scream and Madonna –
both by Edvard Munch – were stolen from the Munch Museum in Oslo, Norway. They were
stolen by two men wearing masks, one of them armed, at 11:00 a.m., about an hour after the
museum opened. Like many great works, neither painting was insured for theft. The high
insurance premiums on very famous paintings would ruin the budgets of even the largest
museums. An earlier version of The Scream had been stolen from the National Gallery in Oslo in
1994. Three months after the theft, officers from Scotland Yard, posing as experts from a
museum in Los Angeles to catch the thieves, approached them with an offer to buy the painting
and arrested them when they were given it.
However, with some other high-profile art-theft cases, the outcome is still in doubt and
many cases are still unsolved. Large museums have had their share of embarrassing robberies.
For example, in 1911 the Mona Lisa was stolen from the Louvre Museum. However, the bigger
problem is small institutions like the Munch Museum in Oslo or private homes open to the
public. Neither can afford elaborate security systems. Large museums attach alarms to their most
valuable pictures, but a modest alarm system can cost at least $500,000. Some museums are
looking into tracking devices that would enable them to follow stolen items once they leave the
building. “But officials are concerned that if they have to insert something, it might damage the
picture,” says the former head of security at the Getty Museum.
Meanwhile, smaller museums can barely afford enough guards. Instead, they depend on
their elderly staff. After being caught, a museum thief confessed at trial that there were only two
guards for the three floors of the museum which he had robbed, so he had simply slipped the
painting, worth $240,000, under his shirt and just walked out of the door. He told the court, “It’s
probably more difficult to steal a T-shirt from a shop.”
What can thieves do with the valuable paintings they steal? Their fame makes it very
difficult to sell them on the black market. A famous stolen painting worth thousands of dollars is
not the kind of thing that a buyer could display openly in his / her mansion. Thus, it’s hard to
imagine an underworld drug lord owning a masterpiece that is known to be missing.
Thieves sometimes try using artworks as a means of making other kinds of deals. For
example, the men who organized the 1986 robbery of Russborough House near Dublin for the
theft of 18 paintings tried unsuccessfully to exchange them for Irish Republican Army members
who were being kept in British jails.
Others demand ransom money from the museum that owns the pictures. In 1994, thieves
in Frankfurt, Germany, ran away with two major paintings that had been borrowed from the Tate
Gallery in London. The paintings were worth more than $80 million. They were recovered in
2002 after the Tate Gallery paid more than $5 million to people who had ‘information’ about
where they were. Although ransom is illegal in Britain, money for secret information in an
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investigation is considered legal, provided that the police agree that the source of this information
is unconnected to the crime itself. Nevertheless, it is hard to draw the line between information
money and ransom. In other words, ‘where information money ends and ransom begins’ is
unclear.
45. The phrase ‘posing as’ in line 17 can best be replaced by ________.
a) disagreeing with b) pretending to be c) aiming at
d) promoted to
46. The word ‘outcome’ in line 20 is closest in meaning to ________.
a) ending
b) benefit
c) processing
d) disadvantage
47. The word ‘Neither’ in line 24 can best be replaced by ‘Neither _______ nor _______’.
a) private homes / the public
c) large museums / smaller museums
b) the Louvre / Munch Museum
d) small institutions / private homes
48. The word ‘Others’ in line 42 refers to ‘Other ________’.
a) bargains
b) jails
c) thieves
d) members
49. The phrase ‘draw the line’ in line 48 can best be replaced by ________.
a) get confused
b) make a picture
c) make a distinction
d) do a favor
50. Which of the following is not implied in the article?
a) Museums are usually easier to rob than banks.
b) Museums may be very tempting to thieves.
c) Large museums are totally protected against thieves.
d) Shops may have more protection than small museums.
51. Which of the following is true according to the article?
a) Both of Edward Munch’s paintings were found by experts from a museum in Los
Angeles.
b) Some large museums have also been robbed of masterpieces despite their alarm
systems and guards.
c) Most museums are using tracking devices to protect their valuable paintings.
d) Many great works of art in both large and smaller museums are insured against
theft.
52. The article states that _________.
a) criminals like to buy stolen paintings because thieves do not charge them high
prices
b) most stolen paintings have been recovered quickly through the cooperation of
experts and policemen
c) the 1986 Russborough House robbers returned the 18 paintings they had stolen
d) thieves who steal famous paintings from museums cannot find buyers even on the
black market
53. Which of the following can be inferred from the article?
a) The Tate Gallery probably paid the thieves themselves more than $5 million to get
the two paintings back.
b) Museum thieves in Britain do not ask for ransom money for the paintings they
steal because ransom is illegal there.
c) Thieves steal valuable artworks from museums to sell them to underworld people
at prices higher than they’re worth.
d) Museums are banned from hiding their valuable items.
54. The article mainly explains _________.
a) the duties and responsibilities of senior museum officials
b) how and why museums or art galleries are robbed
c) why some museum theft cases are still unsolved
d) the systems used for the security of museums and art galleries
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Text 3. Read the text and choose the best alternative that answers each question.
The 11-Year Quest to Create Disappearing Colored Bubbles
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Tim Kehoe has stained his face, his car and several bathtubs. He has also left marks on a few
dozen children. He and his family have had to evacuate their house quickly because he had filled it with
dangerous gas. He’s ruined every kitchen he’s ever had. Kehoe, a 35-year-old American inventor, has
done all this work to realise an idea he first had more than 10 years ago. It’s one he’s been told repeatedly
cannot be realised: a colored bubble. No, not the rainbow effect you see when the light catches a clear
bubble, but a bubble that gives off a single bright color through the entire sphere, a green bubble, an
orange bubble, or a hot-pink bubble.
Kehoe made a bubble like that when he was 26, after only two years of ruined pans and chemical
fires. He showed it to toy company executives, who were absolutely amazed. But then it broke, as
bubbles always do. When it did, the dye inside escaped onto clothes and carpets and walls and skin,
tingeing everything it touched. The executives told him to come back with a bubble they could wash off
their boardroom table.
With a baby on the way and a house to pay for, Kehoe had to concentrate on other things.
However, in 2003 the software company Kehoe was working for was sold, putting him out of a job but
making its founders rich. Their high opinion of Kehoe inspired them to launch a new toy company with
him. Kehoe contributed 219 ideas, they contributed half a million dollars. Only after the deal was secure
and Kehoe had cashed the check, did he tell them about the bubbles. “I’d been avoiding it because I knew
they’d get excited and want to do it,” Kehoe says. “And I didn’t know that I could.” In eight years of
experiments, he had created bubbles with dozens of colors, with dozens of dyes, yet never one that was
washable enough to sell. “I tried to talk them out of it, but they were adamant. I told them that neither
money nor manpower would be enough, but they still insisted that I try.”
This happened on a Friday. His business partner Guy Haddleton, the man who paid his salary,
told him to bring the bubbles in on Monday morning, so Kehoe started destroying his wife’s new kitchen.
“And I couldn’t get it,” he says. “All Friday night, into Saturday morning, I tried everything I had done
before, and all I saw was clear bubbles. I really panicked.” Finally, he started trying new dyes. “I
emptied stores of any products with color. The salesclerks thought I was crazy. I spent hundreds of
dollars buying one of everything. One store had specialty inks that were $30 a bottle that I had never
tried.” This new ink worked even better than he hoped. Not only did it produce colored bubbles, but also
when Kehoe dumped the bubble solution on his clothes and his kids’ clothes, much to his surprise it
washed out every time. When Haddleton saw the bubbles on Monday, he was thrilled.
A few months later, in July 2004, Kehoe and his partners invited dozens of kids and their parents
to a media event to unveil their new bubbles. They hired a film crew and rented massive bubble
machines to fill the air with their new bubbles. At first the party was great. Mothers were amazed at the
sight of the strangely bright bubbles glowing in the sunlight. Kids yelled for joy and chased after them.
Eventually, however, the bubbles broke, on the kids, on the parents and on cars. It looked as if there had
been a paint fight. Kehoe told the parents that the color would wash out, but that wasn’t enough, not
when their kids were covered from head to toe in blue and pink spots, and the color was getting into their
shoes and hair. In the faces of the horrified mothers, Kehoe immediately understood the lesson: “You
can’t put something on the market that leaves so much color, even if it is washable.” He needed color that
disappeared on its own, but in the history of organic chemistry, no one had ever created a dye like that.
Kehoe put an advertisement on the Internet, looking for someone who could make a disappearing
dye that could color the very thin wall of a bubble. Only one person thought he could do it. Ram Sabnis
is one of the very few people who has a Ph.D. in dye-chemistry. Like Kehoe, Sabnis didn’t seem to
consider the possibility that a problem could not be solved, but he had no idea how hard this one would
turn out to be. Nevertheless, after a year of experimenting, he finally created a dye that would attach itself
to the surface of a bubble, giving it a bright color. The bubble would also lose its color with friction,
water or exposure to air—not fade or transfer to something else, but go away completely as if it had never
been there. When one of these bubbles broke on your hands, you could rub them together a few times and
the color would disappear. If the bubble broke on your shirt or the carpet or the dog, you would have two
choices: use plain water and remove it immediately, or forget about it for half an hour. Either way, the
color would be gone.
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Without Sabnis’ breakthrough, Kehoe might have plodded on in his basement for many more
years and never made the dye he needed. Without Kehoe’s dedication and belief in the idea, the project
would never have been funded. But thanks to their efforts, you will be able to find Zubbles, Kehoe’s
name for his colored bubbles, in a store near you soon.
55. The word ‘evacuate’ in line 2 is closest in meaning to _______ .
a) clean
b) dry off
c) leave
d) turn off
56. The word ‘one’ in line 4 refers to _______ .
a) what Kehoe has done b) an inventor
c) an idea
d) doing all this work
57. The word ‘it’ in line 17 refers to _______ .
a) a half million dollars
c) cashing the check
b) telling the company’s founders about the bubbles d) the deal
58. The word ‘adamant’ in line 20 can best be replaced by _______ .
a) unlucky
b) determined
c) frustrated
d) delighted
59. The word ‘unveil’ in line 32 is closest in meaning to _______ .
a) introduce
b) debate
c) produce
d) supply
60. The phrase ‘plodded on’ in line 52 is a synonym for _______ .
a) relaxed
b) hidden
c) worked
d) given up
61. The bubbles Kehoe made when he was 26 years old _______ .
a) had the rainbow effect you see when light catches a clear bubble
b) were well-liked by toy company executives until they broke
c) made the executives so angry that they never wanted to see him again
d) were actually easier to clean up than the executives realized
62. The media event was a disappointment because _______ .
a) it was clear that mothers would not buy Kehoe’s bubbles
b) the bubbles left permanent stains on the children’s clothes
c) the bubbles broke more quickly than Kehoe expected
d) the children had a fight because of the bubbles
63. Ram Sabnis _______ .
a) was able to find a solution to the staining problem quicker than he expected
b) made a dye that transferred its color before going away completely
c) and Tim Kehoe were both experts in dye-chemistry
d) succeeded in making a dye that went away completely by itself
64. Which one of the following statements can be inferred from the text?
a) After the executives rejected his colored bubbles, Kehoe spent more time than ever working
on them.
b) When Kehoe left the software company in 2003, he had saved enough money to start his own
toy company.
c) In July 2004, Kehoe and his partners thought they had invented a colored bubble that would
become very popular.
d) Ram Sabnis was confident he could help Kehoe because he had worked on a similar dye while
doing his Ph.D.
65. Which of the statements below about Zubbles is not supported by the text?
a) They will come in a variety of colors
b) They will not leave stains on either clothes or skin.
c) If they leave a mark, you can rub it and it will disappear.
d) Sabnis must still improve his dye if Zubbles are to be in stores soon.
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SECTION III. WRITING (20 points)
Write an essay of 250 – 300 words on ONE of the topics given below. Your essay must have an
introduction with a clear thesis statement that includes controlling idea/s, at least 2 body
paragraphs with relevant supporting ideas and a concluding paragraph. Your ideas should be
organized properly.
1. Life in the future will be much better than it is today. Agree or disagree.
2. High school students in Turkey feel the need to go to private courses in order to be successful
in the university entrance exam. What are the causes of this? Discuss.
3. What are the effects of living in another country on people? Discuss.
DO NOT WRITE HERE
WRITE YOUR ESSAY ON THE SHEET PROVIDED.
Essays written on the pages of this booklet will NOT be graded.
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SEPTEMBER 5, 2006 PROFICIENCY EXAM KEY A VERSION
1. C
2. C
3. C
4. A
5. D
6. A
7. C
8. B
9. B
10. D
11. A
12. B
13. B
14. C
15. C
16. B
17. D
18. B
19. B
20. A
21. C
22. C
23. C
24. A
25. B
26. C
27. A
28. B
29. C
30. A
31. C
32. D
33. A
34. A
35. D
36. C
37. C
38. D
39. A
40. C
41. C
42. A
43. D
44. C
45. B
46. A
47. D
48. C
49. C
50. C
51. B
52. D
53. A
54. B
55. C
56. C
57. B
58. B
59. A
60. C
61. B
62. A
63. D
64. C
65. D