Present Perfect Nedir?

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Present Perfect Nedir?
Onaylayan admin
Perþembe, 07 Eylül 2006
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
1.1 Form Of Present Perfect Tense
a) Affirmative (Positive) Sentences
Have / Has + V3 HE
SHE
IThas eaten hamburger
has written the letter
has washed the car
I
YOU
WE
THEY
have eaten hamburger
have written the letter
have washed the car
Present Perfect Tense’in olumlu cümle yapýsýnda, özneden sonra have / has yardýmcý fiileri ile V3 (past participle)
kullanýlýr.
• I have finished my work.
• They have moved to a new apartment.
• Jim has eaten lunch.
• I have seen that movie before.
• My father has washed the car.
b) Negative Sentences
HE
SHE
IT
has not eaten hamburger
has not written the letter
has not washed the car I
YOU
WE
THEY have not eaten hamburger
have not written the letter
have not washed the car
Present perfect tense’ in olumsuz cümle yapýlarýnda, has / have yardýmcý fiilerine not eklenir ve V3 (past participle)
kullanýlýr.
• I have not seen Tom this morning.
• The student’s have not finished their homework.
• Maria has not washed the dishes
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• The secretary hasn’t typed the letter yet.
• We haven’t received any messages from Jack this week.
c) Question SentencesHas he
she
iteaten hamburger?
written the letter?
washed the car? Havewe
you
theyeaten hamburger?
written the letter?
washed the car?
Soru cümlelerinde, have / has yardýmcý fiilleri özneden önce, V3 özneden sonra kullanýlýr.
• Have you visited your uncle this week?
• Have you ever eaten Chinese food?
• Has Tim drunk any beer?
• Has she finished her work?
• Have you ever been to Istanbul?
1.2 Use Of Present PerfectTense
a) Present perfect tense, geçmiþte, belirsiz bir zamanda, yapýlmýþ ya da hiç yapýlmamýþ bir eylemi ifade ederken kullanýlýr.
Eylemlerin ne zaman yapýldýðý Present Perfect Tense’de önemli deðildir ve belirtilmez. Eðer geçmiþte belirli bir zaman
belirtilmesi gerekiyorsa, ya da eylemin ne zaman yapýldýðý belirtilmek isteniyorsa, Simple Past Tense kullanýlýr.
• They have moved to a new apartment. They moved there last week.
• I have washed the car. (It is clean now!)
• I have never seen such a big building. (All my life)
• I have met Bill’s wife. I met her at a party last night.
• Have you ever eaten at that restaurant yet?
• I think I have seen that girl before.
b) For , since, so far, up till now, untill now ile kullanýldýðýnda present perfect tense geçmiþte baþlayýp içinde bulunduðumuz ana
kadar devem etmekte olan bir eylemden bahsetmek için kullanýlýr.
• I have been here since 9 o’clock.
• They have been married for 25 years.
• I have has this old car for 10 years.
• She has done great work up to now. I think she will be promoted soon.
• I haven’t seen my uncle since 1990.
• Janet has been very busy with the new project for the last three months.
• I have liked science-fiction films ever since I was a child.
c) The present perfect tense geçmiþ ve þimdiki zaman arasýnda, kesin zamanlar belirtmeksizin, tekrarlanmýþ olan eylemlerden
bahsederken kullanýlýr.
• I have seen that movie four times.
• I have met many new friends since I came here.
• How many times have you been to France?
• The telephone has rung six times since this morning.
• The scientists have made many important inventions since 1900’s.
d) Bahsedilen zaman dilimi henüz bitmemiþ ise present perfect tense kullanýlýr.
• I haven’t seen Tom this morning. (It’s still this morning)
• My grandfather has written many novels. (He is still alive and writing novels)
• It has rained a lot this year.
• Jane hasn’t called me today.
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e) Present perfect tense çok kýsa bir süre önce tamamlanmýþ,geçerliliðini hala koruyan eylemleri ifade etmek için kullanýlýr.
• I have just eaten a sandwich. ( I am not hungry now)
• Ouch! I’ve cut my finger. It’s bleeding.
• My boss has gone to London. (He is there now)
• The robbers have been put into the prison. (They are in prison now.)
1.3 Using SINCE and FOR
Since bir eylemin geçmiþte belirli bir zamanda baþlayýp, þu ana kadar devam etmekte olduðunu ifade etmek için kullanýlýr.Since
bir saat, gün, ay ,yýl ya da geçmiþte tamamlanmýþ bir eylem gibi, geçmiþ zaman referanslarý veren zarf ya da zarf cümlecikleri il
kullanýlýr.
SINCE + A SPECIFIC POINT IN THE PASTI have been in this city 9 o’clocksince +friday.
june
1998
june 29, 1998
the beginning of this semester
yesterday
last week
I got the scholarship
• I have had this old car since 1990.
• Alex has not eaten anything since breakfast.
• Roger and I have known each other since last January.
• I have met so many people since I came to this town last year.
• Jane has worn her new blue jeans only twice since she bought them.
For da present perfect tense ile kullanýldýðýda, bir eylemin geçmiþte baþlayýp, þu ana kadar devam etmekte olduðunu ifade etm
için kullanýlýr. For ile birlikte two minutes, three hours, four days, five years gibi zamanýn uzunluðunu ifade eden yapýlar
kullanýlýr.
FOR + A LENGTH OF TIMEI have been in this cityfor + ten minutes.
three hours
ten days
about eight years
several weeks
many years
a long timey
years
• I have had this old car for 10 years.
• Alex has not eaten anything for 8 hours.
• Roger and I have known each other for a year.
• Tom has worked on this project for a long time.
• Jane has not worn her new blue jeans for five months.
1.3 Using ALREADY, YET, JUST, EVER and NEVER
EVER
1. soru cümlelerinde
• Have you ever been to Turkey ?
• Has she ever met John?
2. olumsuz sorularda
• Haven’t they ever been to Turkey?
• Hasn’t she ever met John?
3. olumsuz yapýlarda : nothing .......ever , nobody ........ever.
• Nobody has ever climbed to that mountain before.
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• Nothing has ever been said to us.
4. “the first time .....” gibi yapýlarda
• This is the first time I have ever eaten Thai food.
• It’s the first time I have ever been to England.
5. superlative yapýlarda
• Helen is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.
• Istanbul is the most beautiful city I have ever been to?
kullanýlýr.
NEVER “daha önce hiç...” anlamýnda kullanýlýr. Never olumsuz bir zarf týr ve not ile birlikte kullanýlmamalýdýr.
DOÐRU: I have never eaten caviar.
DOÐRU: She has never failed any exams.
YALNIÞ: I haven’t never eaten caviar. Or She hasn’t never failed any exams.
ALREADY bir eylemin halihazýrda ( beklenenden önce) yapýlmýþ olduðunu ve artýk yapýlmasýnýn gereksiz olduðunu ifade etme
kullanýlýr.
• You don’t need to go to the post office. I have already posted the letters.
• Don’t take the car to the mechanic.I have already fixed it.
• Have you already finished your homework?
• I have seen that movie already.
YET bir eylemin þu ana kadar henüz yapýlmamýþ olduðunu, ama gelelecekte yapýlabileceðini ya da olabileceðini ifade etmek içi
kullanýlýr. Yet cümlenin sonunda kullanýlýr.
• It’s 2:00 pm and I am very hungry. I haven’t eaten lunch yet.
• Have you seen Eric yet?
• Has he arrived yet?
JUST eylemin daha çok kýza bir süre önce tamamlanýðýný, henüz olduðunu ifade etmek için kullanýlýr.
• No, thanks. I have just eaten a sandwich.
• They have just gone out.
• Mr. Green has just called you.
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