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cIlNLuK aZAMt YAGr$rltR,
Neriman OZTEKIN
'
Rezan QE[trV
6zet'z
Bu gahgmamrz evvelce yaprlmrg olan bir gahgmamn' giiniimtizdeki duruma gcire tazelenmesi mahiyetindedir'
Bilindi$gibiyairg,gerekiklimgereksehidrolojiketildlerinyayairglar giddet, devam miiddeti ve
prlmasrnda onemli ui, i"t t.;"au".
tekerriirbakrmlartndanayrrayrrelealrnab.ileceiigibi,buelem,anlar
bir arada miitalAa edilerek de tetkik edilebilir'
3
ya$glart
Bundan dnceki gahgrnalarrmrzdaz bir saatlik dzami
vermistik'
deierlerini
incelemig ve bunlann muhtelif tekerriirlerd-eki
Ayrrcabirsaattendahakrsaveyadahauzunsiireliyairglarrnmuhda agrktelif tekerriirlere kargrhk gid.detlerinin nasrl bulunacaitru
yazrcr ya$g
lamrgtrk. Bir saatten ,r^n- siireli ya$glann $iddetleri,
yagig degerlerinden
alefllrinden erde edilemiyorsa saaflik ve giinliik
sunfaydalanarak indirek mitotlarla hesap edilebilir2. lSte burada
drrgu*rrrgiinliik(24saailik)yaBrsdeierleriomaksatiginkullam"giui
gahgmalara
aog".lrdan cloffuya klimatik aragtrrrna ve
"iii"""gi
da esas oiabilir.
1 Dr. Erol Ttimertekin ve
in
HiiseYin Cdntiirk. Maximum DaitY Ralnfall
of Istanbul, No'
Turkey. Rewiev. Geographical Institute of The l-Iniversity
1958.
2
Hiiseyin Ctintiirk ve Neriman 6ztekin: "fiirkiye'de
S*l1l
4,
lLzami Ya-
$rqlar",lngaatMiihendisteriOdasrTiirkiyefngaatMiihendisli$ifl'Teknik
loog"..i. I{onu No. II, R. No' 12' Ankara 1964',.Krsa Stireler lein Azami Ya$F
3 Hiiseyin C6,nturk ve Neriman oztekin:
giaoetreri'''u.I.u.iou"..iGn,Direktiirlii$iiHaberBiilteni,CiltI,Kasrm1964'
Sayr 5.
TI'ItT{ COCRAFYA DERCtSl
264
Metod:
Memleketimizdeki mevcut m,eteoroloji istasyonlarr, sabah saat
7'den ertesi gi.in ?'ye kadar olan zaman zarfrnd.a cilgtiikleri yairg
miktarlannr "gtinliik yafr5" deieri olarak vermektedirler.
Bir yrlda mevcut 365 giin igerisinde en biiyiik olan "giinliik yairg"a o yrhn "giinlik dzam7" yairgr diyoruz. Giinliik dzami ya$rglar
Meteoroloji umum MridiirliiSiini.in yrlhk yayrnlarrnda takvim yrhna
gdre ahnarak negredilmektedir. Genel olarak gahgmalanmrzda yafig yrhnr, yani l Temmuzdan 30 Hazirana kadar d.evam eden bir yrllrk siireyi, esas ahyoruz. Bu yaztmrzdaki etiit siiresi ise 1g62 Temmuzuna kadar olan ddnemi igine almaktadrr.
10 yil ve daha fazla rasadr olan Lg2 adet istasyonun gi.inliik azami ya$glarrmn, Gumbel metodu ve ihtimal kAirdr kullarularak tekerriir analizi yaprlm6, 2, 2.3 (ortalama), b, 10, 2i ve 100 yrlda bir tekerri.ir eden yairg miktarlarr hesap edilmigtir. Bulunan deierler
"gtinliik"tiir. Yani sabah 7'den sabah z'ye olan siire igindir. Halbuki yrl iginde iiyle bir 24 saatlik 6.zami bulunabilir ki giiniiik 6.zamiden biiyi.ik olabilir. Bu tiirlii d,zamiler ise ancak ya u yafrg diyagramlarrndan grkanlabilir. Halen (1964) memleketimizdeki ya q ya$g istasyonu 74 adet olup bunun yalmz 20 tanesinin rasat siiresi 10
yth gegmektedir. Bu miktar ise memleket olgiisiindeki bir analiz iqin
kifayetsiz gririinmektedir. Bu sebeple yanmtzda bagka memrekeilerde daha biiyiik sayrda istasyon rasatlarrna dayamlarak bulunan "24
saatlik ya*s / giinli.ik ya{rg oram"ndan faydalanmak cihetine gitmekteyiz. 'Genel olarak bu katsayr 1.13 olarak kabul edilmektedirn. igte
Meteoroloji yayrnlarrndan atdrirmrz'Giinliik azami yafrg deferieri
bu katsayr ile qarprlarak 24 saatlik dzami yalrglar elde edilmig ve
sonuglar Tablo - 1'de toplanmrgtrr.
Kargrlagtrrrn&:
1958 yrhndaki gahgmal ile bu gal6mamrzrn sonuglarr kargrlagtrrtltrsa, dlgiimlerde beg yilhk bir uzama yapllmasrna rafmen, pek biiyiik bir fark gdriilmiyecektir. Nitekim memleketimize iyice serpigtirilmig durumda olan 60 istasyonun her iki gahgma ile bulunan sonuglarr absis ve ordinat olarak noktalanrsa ($ekil 1 ve 2) yeni galrgmanrn, ortalama tekerriiriinde %4, 10O yrlhk tekerriirde de oft3
kadar diigiik deier verdi$ gdriiliir.
4 Hersfield, D. M. Rainfall Frequency Atlas
Weather Bureau Technical Paper 40, 1961,
of the United
States, U.S,
GUNLUK AZA},I1 YAEI$I,AN
iitii-ii+rtfili
265
266
TURK COGR4I.YA DERGTST
ilfi
r;:iri'i ir.:ii:llti
."
itt!
ii:!t!lt:: ri
llt
:lj
li'!:11:l'1rl
i:ii'l.i;,t:lt:tij:t:tl:,
l,:i'
:,I
i;:i:
267
GiJNLI'K AZAMI YAGIFLAR
1958qal$masmdakitabloya2,!a,2.Svel00yrltekerriirdeieredilleri alrnm$ken bu sefer aynca 5 ve 25 yrlhk deferler de ildve
migtir.
lgs8galrgmasmdaverilentablodakideierler..Giinliikdzamt
yaargdeglerleri''dir.Bugalrgmamrzdakitablodeierleriisel.l3'le
oluyor'
i""ptfatgt igin 24 saatlik dzami yafrg deierleri
deferlerin dairyrlhk
l00
ve
1958 gal$masrnda ortalama 2, l0
hgr birer harta iizerinde g6sterilmigtir'
Ikigalrgrnaarasrndabiiyiikbirfarkgiiriilmediltndenbudefa
iQin
hartalar y"rrid"r, gizilmemigtir' Biilgesel ve kgmatik maksatlar bu
ise
igin
ydresel
ve miinferit maksatlar
aynen kilamlabilirler.
gerekmektedir'
fanmtzdaki tablonun kullarulmasr
TABLO
- I
TiJRKIYE'DE 24 SAATI,IK AzaMI YAGr$rlrR'rN
n{UI TEIJF TEKERRURLERE AIT DEGDRLER'I
Rasat
siiresi
Ista,syon ismi
yrl
Ortalama
o
2.3
yrl
yrl
Adana
JJ
62.2
AdaPazarr
zo
55.4
Adryaman
D'
66.6
Afyon
31
40.8
Ahlat
10
47.5
Akhisar
Aksaray
30
53.8
25
30.5
Akqehir
Alagatt
zn
71.2
18
62.6
Alanya
20
84.8
Alaqehir
Amasya
26
43.6
Anamur
Ankara
21
AntakYa
22
128.8
Antalya
JD
15018
27
30.6
JZ.J
Ardahan
Artvin
Ayfin
99.0
16
45.L
oo
53.1
510
yrt
66.6 82.5
58.2 66.9
70.7 87.9
44.2 58.4
52.0 70.1
57.3 7O.2
33.2 43.6
82.5 99.9
66.7 81.5
90.4 113.0
46.4 58.8
Bb.o 4+.9
105.9 a32.2
33.3 43.1
742.4 794.4
L62.5 209.7
34.,L 42.6
47.9 59.9
56.5 68.9
Yrl
95.9
75.1
102.3
?0.1
85.3
81.5
52.1
119.6
94.8
132.2
68.?
53.1
154.2
51.9
238.4
249.4
49.7
69.0
80.2
25
yrl
113.0
90.4
120.8
84.8
Lc4.4
96.1
63.3
L44.1
]t\.2
156.5
81.4
63.3
181.9
62.5
254.7
299.5
58.5
8]-.4
93'8
100
Yrl
737.7
108.3
1^47
'L
106.4
132.2
116.4
79.r
180.3
734-7
792.L
100'0
79.7
222.9
78.2
378'6
402.3
7L.3
99.4
114.1
268
fsta.syon isrni
Bafra
Bahkesir
Bandtrma
Bartrn
Bayburt
Bergama
Besni
Beypazarr
Beyqehir
Beytiiqgebap
Biga
Bilecik
Bingiil
Birecik
Bitlis
Bodrum
Bolu
Bolvadin
Boyabat
Bucak
Burdur
TUR.K COdRA}'YA
Rasat
siiresi 2
yrl
nI
74 50.9
25
47.2
28
54.0
10
76.8
33 31.0
27 66.L
74 53.3
13 27.2
77 42.A
10
66.7
31
60.2
32
32.8
13
48.7
10 34.8
22
63.3
23
75.4
33
36.6
18 33.1
12 36.9
74
7]-.4
26
4A.7
Bursa
tD
dd
E6a
dD. a
Ceyhan
30
13
20
27.2
Cihanbeyli
Cizre
Qankrrr
31
27
Qargamba
t t
Qatak
72
24
25
33
25
Qanakkale
Qemiggezek
Qorlu
Qorum
Qubuk
58.8
55;4
64.4
29.0
I lj. t
53.?
41.2
5,0.9
32.5
32.8
DJTRGlSI
Ortalama
Z.g
yrl
54.3
49.2
57.5
84.E
32.8
71.0
57.1
29.0
44.5
69.0
63.3
34.6
49.3
36.2
69.7
81.1
39.6
35.3
39.0
75.4
43.1
57.7
62.4
29.4
58.8
7A.7
30.1
77.9
56.5
42.9
84.2
34.6
34.8
d
yd
77.4
5S.3
73.0
114.8
40.7
87.A
71.4
35.4
55.3
78.6
74.6
42.3
56.7
41.5
93.2
101.7
50.6
45.3
49.3
89.9
53.4
75.7
78.0
38.1
72.9
91.3
39.0
s3.2
68.3
49.5
66.8
43.1
42.9
10
W
85.9
67.8
85.9
139.0
47.5
101.1
83.6
40.9
64.0
88.7
83.6
48.6
62.6
46.1
114.8
118.7
59.9
M.t
57.6
102.2
62.2
89.3
91.0
45.3
85.1
710.2
46.3
1A7.4
78.2
54.5
75.6
50.3
49,8
ZE
r.00
yrt
yd
103.4
128.8
78.8
94.+
102.a
126.6
1?1.8
218.7
55.8
67.5
118.7
144 6
98.9
122.O
47.8
575
75.A
97.4
96.8
111.9
95.8
1t3.2
56.8
68.8
69.9
80.8
52.O
60.2
141.3
778.5
141.3
773.7
77.8
89.2
64.5
80.5
68.9
84.8
777.7
740.7
73.1
89.0
1A7.4
132.8
707.4
131.1
54.6
67.8
100,5
]'23.1
133.3
tu.!
124.3
90.4
61.9
94.8
59.2
59.2
769.4
66.?
149.2
109.5
66.9
115.9
72.5
72.2
Gt}NLUK AZAM1 YAGISLAR
Ortalarna
Rasa,t
lstasyon ism,i
Demirci
Denizli
Develi
Dikili
Dinar
Diyadin
Diyarbakrr
Dcirtyol
Dursunbey
Diizce
siiresi
yrl
11
22
11
22
22
11
33
33
19
13
269
2
yd
2.3
yrl
5
10
25
100
yrl
yil
}'rl
Jal
53.0
57.0
74.0
88.1
41.5
44.0
52.8
60.3
30.3
32.5
4t.7
49.3
62.2
65.i
79.A
101.6
37.3
40.0
51.8
61.0
25.0
26.8
33.9
47.2
40.7
Lto
52.2
60.0
81.4
87.0
107.9
125.8
49.3
52.0
64.4
'JO.D
59.2
63.4
79.2
93.0
Edirne
JD
48.7
53 1
67.8
80.8
Edremit
,D
68.8
73.9
95.0
113.7
FJ'l6zr!
OD
Elbistan
Elmah
Ernet
35.0
nt,a
46.2
54.0
2?.e
32.4
42.5
51.5
47.8
57.1
64.5
ot.J
46.4
54.2
80.1
90.1
96.6
10
45.2
26
DR
74
78.0
O
EreBti tK.D.)
Eregli (Konya)
72
25.0
26.8
oD.o
39,0
Erzincan
27
ta
o
30.7
38.4
45.2
Erzurum
DJ
32.4
34.1
47.2
47.5
Eskisehir
DD
30.4
32.5
42.7
50.9
78.2
94.7
55.9
F-eke
19
75.7
ethiye
F-lorya
ol
89.3
25
52.O
F
Gaziantep
Gelibolu
26
49.5
29
66.7
Gemlik
26
40.7
Geyve
26
41.6
Giresun
Giiztepe
81.4
oo
Giilgehir
50.9
Giimiighane
Gtiney
26
?6.6
na.a
25
42.L
Gtirii:r
19
28.9
51.9
72.2
42.7
44-t
85.9
54.2
27.8
39"6
44.L
30.8
90.2
100.5
116.4
135.6
71.6
85.0
62.8
71.6
94.O
113.0
50.7
57.6
55.7
65.3
147.4
124.3
67.2
78.4
32.9
qryD
49.0
57.7
57.4
57.6
39.0
45.9
106.3
70.1
58.8
104.0
73.3
47.5
69.9
148.9
88.1
110.6
96"8
136.5
64.0
62.5
74.6
64.3
L06.2
46.1
53.4
55.0
61.4
113.0
160.1
101.7
83.6
136.7
66.0
77.4
L47.5
92.2
42.6
67.t
65.5
54.5
133.1
E4.5
73.1
7243
97.2
58.8
84.5
181.6
707.+
135.6
120,3
169.5
78.0
78.6
89.0
78.5
120.0
56.5
65.5
66.1
77.3
132.2
794.7
726.6
100.9
t67.2
78.5
94.9
1?9.3
772.9
50,6
81.9
77.9
67.1
270
TTJRK CoGRAT.YA DERGTST
Rasa.t
siiresi
Istasyon ismi
yil
Hakkari
11
Hasankale
11
Haymana
11
Hrnrs
20
Hopa
t7
2
yrl
61.0
36.2
36.2
42.9
101.1
Ortalama
2.3
yrl
73.9
82.8
38.4
48.8
58.0
38.5
48.0
56.2
46.9
63.3
76.7
103"3
113.0
120.9
24
67.8
Inebolu
22
76.1
fslahiye
Iskenderun
27
66.3
22
65.7
lzmir
Iznik
'D
66.7
20
42.9
70.7
82.7
69.3
69.8
70.6
47.7
16
Kd!'rzman
Kalan
Kangal
15
12
Karakcise
22
Karaman
Kars
l-D
Kartal
72
Kastamonu
Kayseri
DD
Kemah
16
Kemalpaga
Kepsut
l(esan
21
20
Kilis
30
Krrklareli
27
Krrgehir
Krzrlcahamam
OD
Kzrltepe
15
Kocaeli
Konya
27
16
28
15
JD
10
yd
63.7
Imroz
I$drr
Ilgrn
Isparta
5
yrl
81.9
91.5
\73.2
138.4
82.4
93.6
85.0
98.3
87.6
100.6
63.2
76.8
18.1
18.9
22.5
25.2
42.9
46.2
59.3
70.5
56.5
60.1
74.6
87.0
30.5
67.a
28.8
34.4
32.7
32.8
49.7
33.9
28.4
24.O
96.1
50.9
60.6
48.8
59.0
27.6
34.9
41.2
59.9
31.5
32.7
4A.7
47.8
73.2
93.8
111.4
30.4
36.4
41.6
37.1
46.7
55.3
34.r
42.5
49.6
34.4
47.4
47.3
54.7
?0.9
85.2
36.2
44.2
51.1
43.5
30.1
27.0
38.4
47.6
101.7
a24.3
143.5
54.0
66.7
77.5
64.3
7&.1
90.3
51.9
62.5
72.L
64.7
86.1
104.3
29.3
36.2
41.8
37.3
46.7
54,6
42.5
49.9
56.0
66.7
98.1
L24.3
34.8
48.4
59.9
25
yrl
93.6
68.9
66.0
93.8
13r,.1
1M.0
169.6
107.4
114.9
117.5
93.8
29.O
84.6
702.8
56.6
133,3
48.1
65.4
58.3
55.0
103.4
59.9
51.1
60.1
168.0'
90.6
105.1
83.7
t27.6
50.3
M.5
63.3
169.5
74.2
100
yrl
109,.6
85.3
81.r.
118.9
145.7
122.0
217.8
127.7
138.5
142.9
118.7
34.4
105.1
124.3
69.5
165,.9
5?.6
80.2
7.L.2
65.8
128.8
72.4
62.3
?8.0
203..+
110.7
127.4
101"5
161.6
60.2
79.L
74.O
205.7
94.9
GI}NLTJK AZAMI YAEISLAR
Ortalama
Rasat
lstasyon ismi
siiresi
yrl
I(uqadasr
11
26
28
Kiitahya
JD
Kozarl
Kula
yrl
53.3
67.8
Dn o
Ot,U
Magka
Malatya
oo
OJ
ce a
x',:alaz,girt
la
Maraq
Mardin
Mersin
Merzifon
Mil6s
Muf,la
Mu$
M. Kemalpaga
Nazilli
Nazimiye
Nigde
Niksar
of
Ordu
Odemig
Oza'lp
Patnos
Pazark6y
Prnarbalql
Prnarhisar
Poiath
Reyhanlt
Rize
Safranbolu
Salihli
Samanda$
39.6
DO O
oa,.
2L
32
24
22
30
31
19
33
25
2+
30
13
27
27
11
2S
13
12
10
19
12
31
106.2
oo
al
11
33
10
22
16
67.8
51.5
63.2
70.1
28.7
57.4
94.4
63.5
52.0
46.0
62.2
30.5
33.1
99.4
80.8
56.3
27.6
27.8
35.9
25.8
55.4
t
48.3
125.4
31.9
43.8
79.1
5
10
ytl
yrt
91.9 106.2
72.3 85.8
57.2
90.3 105.5
52.A 60.s
4r.7
72.2 83.6
58.0
49.2 55.7
4]".5
42.4 48.6
35.0
39.6 45.L
t+2.4 166.7
7].3"2
97.2 !t7.2
74.O
64.2 72.8
54"1
bb. {
82.5 95.9
98.3 117.0
75.7
39.3 46.3
30.6
71.7 80.2
59.9
L32.2 158.4
102.S
b (.J
81.6 93.9
72.3 86.8
56.0
I
48.0
56.5 63.6
89.0 106.2
67.E
40.7 47.6
32.5
42.4 48.7
34.9
134.5 758.2
707.2
111.2 131.1
86.2
78.0 92.7
60.5
39.4 47.5
29.7
29.7 37.0 42.9
38.4 47.8 55.9
31.1 35.6 39.6
58.5 72.0 83.6
33.0 40.1 46.2
51..2 63.5 74.5
133.3 765.2 193.2
33.9 47.7 48.3
46.2 55.9 64.3
85.3 170.2 131.1
74.6
70.6
54.7
Manavgat
Manisa
2.C
yrl
2
28
11
Liileburgaz
277
100
25
yrl
nl
724.5 151.8
101.7 125.3
124.5 752.3
71.3 87.9
99.2 120.8
64.0 75.9
56.4 67.5
60.9
5r.4
19,8.3 243.7
t42.8 179.7
83.6 99.2
113.0 137.3
74\.1 752.6
55.4 74.2
91.5 108.5
190.9 238.4
109.6 132.2
704.2 130.0
72.7 86.0
128.8 161.6
56.4 68.9
56.6 74.6
188.4 23L.7
157.1 794.4
110.? 137.9
57.6 72.3
50.7 62.2
65.9 79.3
44.6 51.9
98.3 119.1
53.9 64.7
87.0 106.4
226.6 276.9
56.5 68.7
74.7 90.2
158.2 196.6
272
TIiRK COdR'AT'YA DERGISI
Rasa.t
lstasyon ismi
Samsun
Sandrklr
Sapanca
Saraykciy
Sartkamrg
Sarryer
Sanz
Siirt
Silifke
Simav
Sinop
Sivas
Siverek
siiresi
yrl
33
77
24
17
30
1r.
a2
32
32
24
31
33
33
Sivrihisar
Dt
ou
Susurluk
26
11
24
24
28
24
Siitgiiler
$arkrgla
$. Karaagag
$. Karahisar
Sile
Tarsus
Tavas
28
Tekirdaff
31
Terme
1,4
Tokat
90
t7
Tosya
,,
Trabzon
30
Turgutiu
30
TurhaI
17
TJlukrqla
28
Ugak
dt
Urfa
29
Yan
Virangehir
30
Yozgat
26
Zonguldak
3i
a2
Ortalarna
2
yrl
yrI
59.8
38.2
63.3
34.5
31.3
64.4
34.6
49.8
69.7
64.4
55.5
29.4
42.8
45.3"
,DO
oo.L
Ott
uu,o
55.4
75.8
28.9
45.5
40.7
62.7
68.9
45.0
52.5
64.3
36.0
35.9
54.7
64.3
33.6
31.2
98.8
50.2
29.5
60.5
40.7
84.8
63.3
39.9
66.3
37.0
32.8
69.0
36.2
53.2
76.s
68.1
59.9
30.8
58.5
78.3
30.8
49.2
43.1
67.2
.
73.7
46.8
55.6
6?.8
38.4
38.3
57.4
69.2
35.6
33.0
40.6
53.3
31.0
67.8
43.8
93.2
510
yrl
79.3
47.3
78.9
46.4
39.3
88.8
4t.7
66.1
100.6
83.6
77.9
37.3
54.0
44.2
70.1
88.1
38.9
63.3
52.9
85.5
92.7
54.2
68.7
82.5
48.7
47.5
70.1,
89.8
44.4
42.4
47.5
66.3
36.8
99.1
56.5
726.3
yd
92.7
53.6
89.3
54.5
44.6
105.7
46.3
76.8
12I.6
97.2
92.8
42.7
61.0
51.9
80.5
97.2
45.7
74.8
61.0
101.1
108.9
60.5
79.6
94.9
57.5
55.4
80.8
707.4
52.0
49.7
53.2
77.2
41.7
724.3
67.2
25
yrl
109.6
- 61.5
101.9
64.5
51.6
726.6
52.4
90.6
749.2
113.0
712.1
49.0
77.1
61.0
93.2
707.7
54.2
89.6
71.4
720.7
\29.8
68.6
93.3
110.7
68.5
64.9
94.4
128.9
6L.2
59.9
60.9
91.8
47.8
158.2
80.7
189.3
100
yrl
134.5
72.7
12t.5
19.7
61.9
757.r
61.0
110.7
188.7
137.9
140.1
59.9
84.8
75.5
111.9
123.4
66.4
111.9
86.7
L49.2
160.5
80.2
173.2
734.2
84.9
79.2
115.3
161.6
75.\
74.6
82.9
111.8
68.4
234.5
100.6
24A.2