docMakaleyi Yazdır - Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
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Makaleyi Yazdır - Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
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~nres '.)f poetry, 'trogedyw4$,pd~$/!vUnd"ı;;$tqQd
"
,
'
in the light,Ofjtte.rhmoriCOlth~stl~h',as'h~~
:beenfOrmU,kı~ed'
ondefobornf~
by'Ci~o;JÖUtnt}HbnQnd.t~ir
:t~11OW~rs
'hı:onuquity
.
,"
'-,
.;-
':".
-',
',>-~
_:,:--,...'
_:.,"-~'v;<
"-,'
,ônd .ın,th~ Mlddt~AgEJ$" ln,e~prqt!,i~tht,~f!r.8e.st\"~(J~d'
of suöfect$~~r~rlote,,!or"~~'~t)'t6,,~vety'lbetOrı~t
<.'
OSlKJlIy lncludedOGloasoh
.
-
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,.'
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-
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,
:
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'
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.,',the '.'oo'ture':oncfs.fYHstlc'
'~",
~Ch'~~".~e~,Ş.kJ~.Arrstö~ıe'.
hlg1:ı ,styfe .W9~!~uıto~e
,
,;.
:
'_,
- ,'
'd,"
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'.
-
- '-,
., dacorum,
,
'-_,:
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-,
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.ı,
-,
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the.~kfnd
,treOtise,
-:
.'
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of
.the
_:'"
'
n,(J(t'qriq,~"Y'P~,I~~'~ut'ttfitOrtIY
.
thJ~~rıstotelia.r)
.fortr(j~Y,,~n.d_'&PI~~(1,t1}
."
',.
precepthO'd reourtentI'Y.bE>enemptıqsizedondeJobo.rtlted 'fn the.
rhetorioaltrıad;ftion.Ond' conseq~entty inthe "R&n(H~-nCe.,' 'as
WoJfğarıg "~,putJt~ikar\
&Xq~R:i~:~tıe:'C(H'J\&'td.ge ploced
onstyfefor ,tta aYı,""'sOk~;(jı~'thıfiifr4.ttlm'tedtb the'fıEıg~ot of,
the Clo~fmS(jfC~itk)n:ft1'ıh&
'\vKf.er8ense:',qt,thei term.» (t5)
,Thetefore, the U&ebfrtıetôri«t'~t"'.(tnd
deQDro~efigureS
of.;$peeeh,~QO~'(J/
eoqt~",;Pı:Q~tic;8'~PQ~i~trog~
..,~O ,
,~~S.i~~bEl:9ôt)feYfdnot
tıpoW.t.fuı.<tmgi~
dions; for,t~'~;dr"ornoJtgeff~
'm\jCh throUgtt~
fo~~n~~~tj"nGf
"
,
'
action:as .thfoı..gtfthe.. rhetOf'ic:>QJ~I$I;1~ntŞ;of.
tJ:\e,:s~~
.word. '. .
This '1NOS",notunnoturol inv~w' ()f~~ddntfuoot~neÇGb'J~fİ!J&nee;
i~~,' "se.Mco'ş'tr9ged~,~~t~ırrh~~f0911y
;~~ot~i Sf)tşpe&c.
~soncımptqı:#ımit~e$,,~.r~
...~~.4's.t~e
;ın~If3' .,C;>f.~
perfect, tr<ı'O'edWA1tho.ugh
...therew&r~.ottE;,~t$~rıQ"
~'..' <>fthe.'
Renöissönqe'.ftdHon. t~a~~j'a,nş"Wt\Q'W&~~"irı'"fiıç~
th&flrStjn" europe,
to wrıtetr<ig~'dJes .Vilttrq humo.ryi$ttC'sp~!ifondf 'tt)uS,pt6vided'. the
.'
Fr~nChQnd"r;lJ9lişh
.,trgge4.içrtş'~th<;~x(ı'mpı~«':tô:.'ÖYp<).~'.".
ond tetu,,/)to pn~ıent'Greekl'riodeJ$'/t~',were
,
not'$udceSSfut
.
..
'Se~eoo..'
.'
'.
'.
",".'
""""""""."".11""..
"''''"f'.'
,Owl,;,g
to
the1Cok
ofofuffoworeness'Ofthe
dT<ımotj~"toıivendôn$'
,
and $tr'uctUrqt dy:n(Jmi~s'()f'..tM G~k.. trageqy. 'T1tıebe$t'i)xqmple
.
of thls~xpe,.tment,
W(lsgiv&n~'{.
Trisşin.)(147fj~155ôJ 'Wlthhlır play.
.
.
"
'.',
.
.
"",-::,~,__~,'::;"":~--;'-
','
,(l.)i~Aristotle's:
<'
;.-,.-ı~':.!",
",
.'(,.
.,~
'.
Pıtet1cs,IDtrod,and'~6.'.T0hı1,W~~
. Loiıdori;;Dent'1~)iPP.\18ffH15&ı:ff.JV,
.
(lS)P""""~"~'.$b~-ı,~trans.T,&~~sciı'(l96İi
,
Lon~on:
Merhuen. 1961), p: 22.
. 220."
''',-';,'
,
-
.(1963; :iPt.,
"~o
".
'"
.
.'
. ,
t
:
..
.
rpı.,
" '
~
"
S9fonl8bGr{151~5-)
'WhtchWtı8
Ottj~Y,0t;\8~~
,some of tne,'cOnventlOR$~;~..,aaJt:
"and" »ncluded
fr'~y;~ V_ı.'TrJesinO,found
tt ir1ipos~td.
get rid 'öf.~fıgldi$t,Ofi
the~t,ıropctV
,orid, ,not 'tö:+n~u(kfpotcfChtf$iibn;
~iıotlÔn8:tn:
the" 'Sen~
,monner. ThffemphOSis.,was,put"oh,
_,~tı~,
Ch«of,elobo-,
,
'
,
'
' of
rotions,>Qnd'~IVft,ftg~es''Of'
~h..l1öt:'MOW~ver,"n\(J8t'
'tn'
, Trlssloo'fj :conf8lnPorOfklS ';p"~>u)Wı:ı1~ıMir;tr<ıged1imtt{Jti.)ifof,thes6necaıınıodeıqt'
'the~tor:
~edy:n~tlv
dfY~
into fW& OCt$'"e)bserVmôtne decorô'in<'Qtdf<ln\oti8~PEriOnQ.. and
contOintng SCeAeS'of, ~,,~mfhOtrOt.
'ot) 'rh&'~
,re8uttlng
from' t.he 'QVer~'ıŞ-'
'a)uİ',ô,r~. styJe ıön(f"th$ mcsrar dknensiOn
on the~J1e f\Orid'ondthe'ırictifı.r~~/Q'ftitl"ondctynCirnic
'expIol,tôtlon':of _tftJ9rc«tiQnon:trWoıbfjr'~:~"
.itU,Ct((roJ'1O~tt
whlch CQlJlcfb&,"ıect.d
iınmOft 01' m:e!~~:On
tbei,S9nttcon,
&>«Irtt'ple.Thefefore; .'Wh(Jtsk' 'PttnfPS1icht$y'~ed
'witb, referenoe
t<iGorbod~ not Qn(ysurn_',ı..'moln'~noarn.~Qf
th'Is', ,'type
of tra~
bDt otla,itrn»1ed:,'the-ı-ro-ce-ofofNsft
Qttltudeıowaıils
\
,
L"
'.,1.,;,;'"
trQ(ıedtf.
theconcet>fof
'«~u>ia
"i
'.
"
fU~.Of:~t~~ty::~~',~
~ısoun-
.
dıôg '~~,a!YiJ1ir9to.tne~~{ôt
$eneca hisştUe,
.
..
'Y,th~
~'qoth~tdeUgnt..
,ond..Aun:ot~Öble:tn
fultY teaoh,QOO 'JlO'
'e.' tbe".\ie.yet!dofPoe$ie.
"',
"
Yetin'troth"~ı$::v~&.'.
:gr-~~","t:'
,.Whicb
şXoor~~
,
kıthe::,'çırcum8tQuri~$,
rtmtghlnOt rerttoine';j]s
an
"
'.
Qf qiITf~..,):,~ij)""
'" ,
if we nK~~U:tWGt.fj;)(ehl,S:EntKş\.~
. in hisApoJogte...'
,v
atsoSıdn8Y
;-tt588J~$.:~n1Yt...~byth.P<)et1OO1
oİ).)logies:tbeOretleOtwriting$,',tıM: :tit~,
~riesof,'.th
sixte&~h~oenturyJtalitm fI'QmQnist,:,'Crmc$''I1b'Mk'tturrio.,
Ond':'otners},fıi~cct_faOttôri"wtttı.
, S~lIg6r.C(ı~~tro:,
.
oot'ond~truCt\KalorgOJıttQtlOrt
Of;,G~"we:;s'iti
", ,
Oonı-ııo.
the ,to,*
;factQn'evocO~'
tionof the;J1eVI:ottitu~dJSP~d'bf1ri~',humams~.t~rds.~
.
,
.
.
'
.
,",
>
',_,'
"-';
"
F9r~ condS~~çOqnt:pjTFi~'s
,'_,.',.0.'
'
-',
~
(eM.~;ÇO'1f~~taı,~,"~jH~ondSWorth:
gtıin, 197.1), pp. 251.~i ~f.' C1etnen,'!:JP.dt.,pp,
,(17) see Kra:ilsbeİti1er.:op. dt., pp; 247.51.
,
(tSr'AA
"aance,
,
'
,~,
'
the
.
,
"
~ee" Aj.K;11Ü1~i~i'
26-'.
,',
.
.
Peİı-
'
"
,,',
'"
.
.:.,
~.,..:.~tı1e-'~n'l1~~~~
.
'
.."
:,
dr~~~'tic
,',
'
'
ed. O;B.lIardiSOi1, <ı%3i" Fpt.,'ıXmd9~ ~.'Peter pWen, :1961);,p. 138. '
:.
.
'
"
.
.
"
idea :of.tr~y.ı:h..,ıı~.a~1JEIe'~'~'..,
.
.ın~on'::the.
votui.)Ô~Qfy:b;,e
t(~. of-clreıumstonQeS
,$~~f~
'r~ı-~~n~
t~dS
.wha1'mö'fbe,te
.
troge<W,ot 'QhOtQcW,:". , or:lg~tW4timtl1O..'by.the.so-cOUed.
,
:s
oentlJtY
.Q.,....' tt)&~:OftM..)(İ-nth
',tneflrel
A&f1(tı*"ce,tmn8kıtJQ~
ReOQiSsonçe'dieooV~rY7.
,of' AtJBtotie'sPOetica..~A.
imoLotin. 'ottM~~'''I1'~pted'bY-lorenzQVOIkı ..
't
'7
,.140
.
ıi, jl
.put)f lsh~
and. .
~.'.7)
. ..
.
.. . .
.
.oıı the,eodY$ixt.or.t~tur'V
.
1498.
,
..
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.<.~..hoô
..tbi$
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a.
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...
.
t
.
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..01lO.kfl
Ondtbeo.tbers).WbG.()$"~Ye>~out}~~ve.:~r.t.~
ottooMôto .tM:$~cri'Jn~~~Q(ijY~:AI"1$t.ımprecepts
'conce.rnmgın. ~m~f;~~:"'i"c:)~~,~f;lOfverıistmnl-,
tuô$.:~':th4.ıtnl,tyofwct~)~ ~'.e1;\"into
;()OI\side.rotiOn. .by
.V'$vın:Wos~,iA1tPOz%
them
.
,,'
.
..
.'
revısed-editiQft.~er.
'.
."
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ttYJO,S.~.t=~tU}e~i~\r:r~
f\Oboı-ı.(1o'8.~ltNmot ~o~ı:~~.~t8~~\tho
Lotin,tf<ınsl<rtion,<md:exıene1ve ~""~:ı:,J:M..tbUsh8d:
ih1Ş481n
. .Florence, thot exett_o
.lQsttnolnfkseRQe~f)Qri.'~': 'COritemPQı'Qrie$.
,In dadıCQtlng.tiis.tr'~~kıtlOn:tc)C~Hno .~ .~ipi
tkOuke of, FIofence 'Ro~tto-'ret1ti'tt<edthQtVôttr'(JrtdPQZzf'hdd'teft
..)Uttha
_,_ _
'.
c.<':_"
.
.
_,:",.
'_:__-'-_'-':,':":_."
Obscı.ıre' ports..'Of
"
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.,,_"_
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','., '_:__:'
_
Ari$tôtlej$~tGndthOt
,;'.:_._
_L,
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:'
-,
o',
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tttejrtrOoslOtk)ns.
were'
"öut:ti1QtMVtıQdhımaetf
. 'f~tlôf'inndeqUqcie$':Hef~t,~:
. .'.troceti ttte'reterence&Jn
.
",___;',
-._'_'"
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the'P
,".Ç~kecf. .tMm;'Ögoıtıst '.thelr'
.outQesôi1d. ttiuş-.'PfÔÔuOöd:((ı~t'r~~vets~(1JijIndeed.
.
ın th~true.numciriistkı:~f»iIt~eIQ,"'b"'~H)Ut.O
'defk1itlve,.
'.'
.
çritiÇi$rfJ QndQ,rG~~:of,.~tf)~'Qf.
.
ove(O~J'tM;p$i)fl
of'llmt,
'of the-.P-ı-,:
,
. .
,
-
.
:.
-
,-""
there~red
- :.
-' - - -
ond'tbeoretl~,wr;tting~on,-attot';poe
.'
were
~.
-
.'-,'
'-,'
.ArtstoteUon '.
.
cı pertOd.
$Eri'Jhe~fQr
tt~~,wwm
Ldti.n.tronskıtion.Qf.the'POetlc$:,(Jit\d
.
'*'-'ttı~~_, v ~n
.
..ifJltotjo'.number'of .commentaries
"
~
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"
-~
-
.
- '''-:,':',
.
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--
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. try,'l'he
.
Fı:ocasto,rk>'sN~Iu.,,~:'~~(Venic8.
-' '-
,-
-' -
.
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fflO$t.
':.,
".-"
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nt
.;1_).~.Arte.
t555~.Minturno'8 ."~'~"'UbrI~W~.
~.(1563)Scat-ıs'P":,ALugdmk
.' ,15$.1).
and QJsoCQst~ıv.o'ş
c.1t<JUö",veT$~nof: ~PoetlC$itsetf(ViertnQ,
1.570)'.'AtthOt$~eOchof ttıe&es.NdıesWce~,ıt$elfQkitld
of opQIogv
foı:poetrY'orıd.berl()8..9~ot'the,
refutOti.)n
~.oft...tradltJonaJ'
9horges''~':aQqlAs(~'.
o'rKi~~~mg' frOm'.~iÔ: ~k1ny
.
'.
(191.:Seeıa:;ı-ı...~'ae~:.~.,~..
.
.1ıifOfficiot&at.au_tlı
.
',.
..'.
,
l'
'
.
T()treıi~;ıs.s).~:
"..~Vir,.
"
'(P!oı-~:
.
.;.
.
.
,
:io hlı ~,316E':ff;ond-6OaA
_
i,
-
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..ticaf:
wr1tingS'~.e,!yıdh
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. "_...~
ff.}.~:cornm-ııtQl'ies
_
. '-;, _":
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,:',
.<
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-
ond,th.ore-'
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.
oııexpli-
, ~tIQn~ofpP8tic~~.-Qmı'OM~~(lmi
,witnthforıbUloli9rt
'rU~S. apP!"QPtkıte t(j~edch ~r~<ın,d~ucedtnr~ı.ıgh''i'sVntl'te8IS
~f Arlstotelion.,ijorotiô:n and ,~,pnnôipleŞ,'._',~er.poetic
of"
,topiCSSuch asimitOtlOn, .inv.l)tiQn.yjrIstm1J:J~t'Poeticfuıy.ort
v~susnc;rture. 'tJ1e tbre~styıeS.thij' pfCt'stfUQtureinôr-onıottcmodes.CGthar8"',*lpety>~rUm
ofchô.rOct&rlz<rt1,;>nln
each
J
,'.
'
,dfoma,ticmOd4t<HKıstınıfor.,t9pi~r~
pli'eat'q.eptof. atten,tiprt
.
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.',
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ond weretreQ~'.ki the,ughtOf/tb~ ,,*~(ij)t$.,.':$i,,,Uorty.
tt1e ;00-
.
tur-eorıd ,function ,of trogedy'i1s',:Q
,.
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OOdCGth~...termSWtıtOh~tırAUlÔt~,Qı-ırmı,
.. .
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.
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,
.~formWoted
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..
,
.
.
ôisbUSsionai11Oog,
MQieQvet. tM ,HOrotiorrprln'Qipıe Pf -pf<>fjt.dnd'
poeticaı ~
, 'fistı.
.
.
del'lght.'w~ıchhad~I~$
~~df!ti~e4kı-the..
~rh~Qttra<JitiQnos tne 'JJni.v$rsaI7qlfffof.~ttV.
..
a'nQ~'exertmo
-,
',
,.
'
.
,
.
mOdeOf'ıı1ıitotj()n
on 1he,spec~ior, mqrQI.Y:~~ttC.e1f6e~Were.,
'. -. tex
'withi. n. .the. C. ,cm
~ ris. ~ ~e's . 'e.
~'pı-ıeo<ti.~ 0
.
.
,
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tM . ~mri19te ~ffectOf.trQ~:,
put on the )1eed,kıQt~'i
!~or..
nt&t~rv.a'nd.meto- .
W(1$:~erted
'0$
..~'greoter .$fnp.hasıs WO$
for odramotİc"A(J4ys18of,,~tk>ns,
.
ond,the'sôur08_oft~. trqoioa9t}<>n,;w<ts~hributeQootSbmuch
to
.
.'
. the.fiOktenees'
.of ..fo.ttune,., ~Jch]~4d'
in' facttieen.,
. Pdn*ıeof,the$e~otıd'.~ı~trCıOedY~Ô8
the.
'.~rtytng'
.'
totb~ presence
ktthetrogla.heto,of~~artıo.thcıt~;om<?T(tIsf)c)rteo"ımg'
wh~h
'.
woutdco~ him~. n1oıkeon-,...rl)r,Q.fj~~
<md.constJQu_tly.
,folifrom ,:~ty
ınto'mısery.l;n~r
wc)r(fs.t~ tr(J{jIc'pathos
emerg~. nötf{oincıf16nforıuno~,~t()teof cJrôorJ\$tqn~ 1)utfrom
.
.
. the.
hero's
'dWrt
,
..'
'C1\orGoter.
,
".
'
,
,
,-
inspired'
AltJıoughth[sı-~QfJ~.~taJJy'
.
. thr.Jugho,clQserstt.ıC!yond.
$,q.ensive :a~bOr<rt-ıonôf"
Arist9t~'s .
, PoetiC$, WQS (icentrai
Issue ift'ttıettteoretlOOf <mdcritiCarwrltkıgs
.
of thetıme,
,11$'.cLontneP!'Qct1sitı{l,
. rnediote.Thi&.wos
~.,tô
drcimatlst$W<ıs'not,rm-
"
'.WOS'.sunregarcı.d'
..t~(CiCt'-ıtS&oeed}
'qsthepri~a'rvexôınp~of,trqJedYond~$~I<ırfy'studıed.
.~t
'sChoQls. Mor~er,htS
trôgetiıes .'With th$i...rnorof
,t.ıticle cond
Soenes (:Jf hôtrOt,ftıJfycoterect for tbe.preYôı-e1itRQI1t1I$S(t(lce.taste
.
fn'jofW-'~ı<iti<)nsafıd.:s~ctacQJdr.
~ntQtions
ohth(t.. stage.,:
At ı..t thi$.V/Csttte .'cose' 'In.,'Snıılôl'ld:l)efore. MooQwe .ond,ŞhakesP$O~ 'fultV ~I~
ond' put. inlOptoctioe. , .tJ1e'pOssibütfiesof
thls. .
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