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DirectX
Uluslararası Bilgisayar Enstitüsü
Ege Üniversitesi
Ahmet Bilgili & Serkan Ergun
DirectX iş hattı
DirectX 9 için
http://www.xmission.com/~legalize/book/preview/poster/pipeline-9.0.png
Input-Assembler Stage – Üçgenleri, doğruları ve
köşeleri sağlamakla görevlidir.
Vertex-Shader Stage – Vertex başında
transformasyonlar ve vertex başına ışıklandırma gibi
işlemler yapılır.
Rasterizer Stage- Primitivleri kesmek, gereksiz
gördüklerini ayıklamak, hangilerinin pixel shader
tarafından işleneceğini işlemekle yükümlüdür.
Pixel-Shader Stage – İnterpolasyona uğratılmış veriyi
alır ve her piksel başına işlem yapar.
Output-Merger Stage – Pixel shader’dan çıkan verileri
derinlik, stencil gibi işlemlerden geçirerek son şeklini
verir.
The Direct3D 10 programmable pipeline
DirectX iş hattı
İş hattı sonuçlarının ekrana yansıtılması
DirectX giriş (DirectX 9)
Ana pencerenin oluşturulması
INT WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hInst, HINSTANCE, LPSTR, INT )
{
// Register the window class.
WNDCLASSEX wc = { sizeof(WNDCLASSEX), CS_CLASSDC, MsgProc, 0L,
0L,
GetModuleHandle(NULL), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, "Direct3D
Tutorial", NULL
};
RegisterClassEx( &wc );
// Create the application's window.
HWND hWnd = CreateWindow( "Direct3D Tutorial", "Direct3D Tutorial 01:
CreateDevice", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 300, 300,
GetDesktopWindow(), NULL, wc.hInstance, NULL );
init(hWnd);
// The message loop.
MSG msg;
while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )
{
TranslateMessage( &msg );
DispatchMessage( &msg ); }
}
}
DirectX giriş (DirectX 9)
Direct3D aygıtının ilklendirilmesi
// global değişkenler
IDirect3DDevice9 *g_pd3dDevice = NULL;
IDirect3D9 * g_pD3D = NULL;
DWORD init( HWND hWnd)
{
if( NULL == ( g_pD3D = Direct3DCreate9( D3D_SDK_VERSION ) ) )
return E_FAIL;
D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
ZeroMemory( &d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp) );
d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;
d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_UNKNOWN;
if( FAILED( g_pD3D->CreateDevice( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWnd,
D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
&d3dpp, &g_pd3dDevice
)));
}
DirectX giriş (DirectX 9)
Win32 Mesaj döngüsü
LRESULT WINAPI MsgProc( HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
switch( msg ) {
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
return 0;
case WM_PAINT:
Render();
ValidateRect( hWnd, NULL );
return 0; }
return DefWindowProc( hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam );
}
DirectX giriş (DirectX 9)
Görüntü hesaplama
void Render()
{
// Clear the back buffer to a blue color
g_pd3dDevice->Clear( 0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET,
D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,255), 1.0f, 0 );
// Begin the scene
g_pd3dDevice->BeginScene();
// Hesaplama burada olur
// End the scene
g_pd3dDevice->EndScene();
g_pd3dDevice->Present( NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL );
}
DirectX giriş (DirectX 9)
Pencere kapatılması durumunda kontroller
VOID Cleanup()
{
if( g_pd3dDevice != NULL)
g_pd3dDevice->Release();
if( g_pD3D != NULL) g_pD3D->Release();
}
DirectX örnek(DirectX 9)
Görüntü hesaplama
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------// GLOBALS
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------HWND g_hWnd
= NULL; // pencere handle’ı
LPDIRECT3D9 g_pD3D = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 g_pd3dDevice = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pPointList_VB = NULL; // vertex buffer göstericileri
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pLineStrip_VB = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pLineList_VB
= NULL;
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pTriangleList_VB = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pTriangleStrip_VB = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pTriangleFan_VB = NULL;
#define D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX ( D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE ) // DirectX köşe tanımı
// Köşe tanımı
struct Vertex
{
float x, y, z; // Noktanın pozisyonu
DWORD color; // Noktanın rengi
};
bool g_bRenderInWireFrame = false;
D3DPRIMITIVETYPE g_currentPrimitive = D3DPT_TRIANGLEFAN;
DirectX örnek(DirectX 9)
Vertex buffer için köşeler
Vertex g_pointList[] = {
{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
{ 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
{-0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) },
{ 0.0f,-0.5f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
{ 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) },
};
Vertex g_lineList[] = {
{-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) }, // Line #1
{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
{ 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) }, // Line #2
{ 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
{ 1.0f, -0.5f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) }, // Line #3
{-1.0f, -0.5f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) },
};
Vertex g_lineStrip[] = {
{ 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
{ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
{ 0.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) },
{-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ) },
{ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) },
};
DirectX örnek(DirectX 9)
Direct3D aygıtının ilklendirilmesi
void init( void )
{
g_pD3D = Direct3DCreate9( D3D_SDK_VERSION );
D3DDISPLAYMODE d3ddm;
g_pD3D->GetAdapterDisplayMode( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, &d3ddm );
D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
ZeroMemory( &d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp) );
d3dpp.Windowed
= TRUE;
d3dpp.SwapEffect
= D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
d3dpp.BackBufferFormat
= d3ddm.Format;
d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = TRUE;
d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;
d3dpp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE;
g_pD3D->CreateDevice( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, g_hWnd,
D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
&d3dpp, &g_pd3dDevice );
g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_LIGHTING, FALSE);
g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_NONE);
D3DXMATRIX mProjection;
D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( &mProjection, D3DXToRadian( 45.0f ), 1.0f, 1.0f, 100.0f );
g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_PROJECTION, &mProjection );
……..
……..
……..
DirectX örnek(DirectX 9)
Vertex buffer’ların oluşturulması
void init( void )
{ ……..
……..
……..
Vertex *pVertices = NULL;
// Point List
g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( 5*sizeof(Vertex), 0, D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX,
D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_pPointList_VB, NULL );
pVertices = NULL;
g_pPointList_VB->Lock( 0, sizeof(g_pointList), (void**)&pVertices, 0 );
memcpy( pVertices, g_pointList, sizeof(g_pointList) );
g_pPointList_VB->Unlock();
// Line List
g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( 6*sizeof(Vertex), 0, D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT,
&g_pLineList_VB, NULL );
pVertices = NULL;
g_pLineList_VB->Lock( 0, sizeof(g_lineList), (void**)&pVertices, 0 );
memcpy( pVertices, g_lineList, sizeof(g_lineList) );
g_pLineList_VB->Unlock();
// Line Strip
g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( 6*sizeof(Vertex), 0, D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX,D3DPOOL_DEFAULT,
&g_pLineStrip_VB, NULL );
pVertices = NULL;
g_pLineStrip_VB->Lock( 0, sizeof(g_lineStrip), (void**)&pVertices, 0 );
memcpy( pVertices, g_lineStrip, sizeof(g_lineStrip) );
g_pLineStrip_VB->Unlock();
……..
……..
……..
DirectX örnek(DirectX 9)
Vertex buffer’ların oluşturulması
void init( void )
{ ……..
……..
……..
// Triangle List
g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( 6*sizeof(Vertex), 0, D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX,
D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_pTriangleList_VB,NULL );
pVertices = NULL;
g_pTriangleList_VB->Lock( 0, sizeof(g_triangleList), (void**)&pVertices, 0 );
memcpy( pVertices, g_triangleList, sizeof(g_triangleList) );
g_pTriangleList_VB->Unlock();
// Triangle Strip
g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( 8*sizeof(Vertex), 0, D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT,
&g_pTriangleStrip_VB, NULL );
pVertices = NULL;
g_pTriangleStrip_VB->Lock( 0, sizeof(g_triangleStrip), (void**)&pVertices, 0 );
memcpy( pVertices, g_triangleStrip, sizeof(g_triangleStrip) );
g_pTriangleStrip_VB->Unlock();
// Triangle Fan
g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( 6*sizeof(Vertex), 0, D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT,
&g_pTriangleFan_VB, NULL );
pVertices = NULL;
g_pTriangleFan_VB->Lock( 0, sizeof(g_triangleFan), (void**)&pVertices, 0 );
memcpy( pVertices, g_triangleFan, sizeof(g_triangleFan) );
g_pTriangleFan_VB->Unlock();
}
DirectX örnek(DirectX 9)
Hesaplama
void render( void )
{
g_pd3dDevice->Clear( 0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER,
D3DCOLOR_COLORVALUE(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f), 1.0f, 0 );
g_pd3dDevice->BeginScene();
D3DXMATRIX mWorld;
D3DXMatrixTranslation( &mWorld, 0.0f, 0.0f, 5.0f );
g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_WORLD, &mWorld );
switch( g_currentPrimitive )
{
case D3DPT_POINTLIST:
g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, g_pPointList_VB, 0, sizeof(Vertex) );
g_pd3dDevice->SetFVF( D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX );
g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_POINTLIST, 0, 5 );
break;
case D3DPT_LINELIST:
g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, g_pLineList_VB, 0, sizeof(Vertex) );
g_pd3dDevice->SetFVF( D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX );
g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_LINELIST, 0, 3);
break;
case D3DPT_LINESTRIP:
g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, g_pLineStrip_VB, 0, sizeof(Vertex) );
g_pd3dDevice->SetFVF( D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX );
g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_LINESTRIP, 0, 5);
break;
…….
…….
DirectX örnek(DirectX 9)
Hesaplama
void render( void )
{
……..
……..
……..
case D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST:
g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, g_pTriangleList_VB, 0, sizeof(Vertex) );
g_pd3dDevice->SetFVF( D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX );
g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 2 );
break;
case D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP:
g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, g_pTriangleStrip_VB, 0, sizeof(Vertex) );
g_pd3dDevice->SetFVF( D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX );
g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0, 6 );
break;
case D3DPT_TRIANGLEFAN:
g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, g_pTriangleFan_VB, 0, sizeof(Vertex) );
g_pd3dDevice->SetFVF( D3DFVF_MY_VERTEX );
g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLEFAN, 0, 4 );
break;
default:
break;
}
g_pd3dDevice->EndScene();
g_pd3dDevice->Present( NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL );
}
DirectX örnek(DirectX 9)
Pencere kapatılması durumunda kontroller
void shutDown( void )
{
if( g_pPointList_VB != NULL ) g_pPointList_VB->Release();
if( g_pLineList_VB != NULL ) g_pLineList_VB->Release();
if( g_pLineStrip_VB != NULL ) g_pLineStrip_VB->Release();
if( g_pTriangleList_VB != NULL ) g_pTriangleList_VB->Release();
if( g_pTriangleStrip_VB != NULL ) g_pTriangleStrip_VB->Release();
if( g_pTriangleFan_VB != NULL ) g_pTriangleFan_VB->Release();
if( g_pd3dDevice != NULL ) g_pd3dDevice->Release();
if( g_pD3D != NULL ) g_pD3D->Release();
}
DirectX örnek(DirectX
9)
Mesaj döngüsü
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc( HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
……
……
switch( msg ) {
case WM_KEYDOWN {
switch( wParam ) {
case VK_ESCAPE:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
case VK_F1:
{
if( g_currentPrimitive == D3DPT_POINTLIST ) g_currentPrimitive = D3DPT_LINELIST;
else if( g_currentPrimitive == D3DPT_LINELIST ) g_currentPrimitive = D3DPT_LINESTRIP;
else if( g_currentPrimitive == D3DPT_LINESTRIP ) g_currentPrimitive = D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST;
else if( g_currentPrimitive == D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST ) g_currentPrimitive = D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP;
else if( g_currentPrimitive == D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP ) g_currentPrimitive = D3DPT_TRIANGLEFAN;
else if( g_currentPrimitive == D3DPT_TRIANGLEFAN ) g_currentPrimitive = D3DPT_POINTLIST;
}
break;
case VK_F2:
g_bRenderInWireFrame = !g_bRenderInWireFrame;
if( g_bRenderInWireFrame == true ) g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_FILLMODE,
D3DFILL_WIREFRAME );
else
g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_FILLMODE, D3DFILL_SOLID );
}
}
break;
Teşekkürler