(lieccapa6W1, lior~aııWl, liY~X<aK, .IJ:06pY):QKa) 1

Transkript

Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları 4, (1994): 89-108
3aMeTKH no 6aJlKaUCKOH TonOUOMHKe
TlopKCKoro
npOHCXO}J{,rı;eUHB
(lieccapa6W1, lior~aııWl, liY~X<aK, .IJ:06pY):QKa) 1
A.X.
rHpcpaHoBa,
H.n.
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195-207).
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paCCMaTpUBaJIU B KaQeCTBe npUUleJIbQeB c BaJIKaHCKUX UJIU KapnaTCKUX
rop), MO)KHO npHBeCTU TlopKCKylO napanJIeJIb Tuna KPblMCKoro ru.ıı;pOHliMa
MYHTaHa - npaBblH npliTOK p. 3y:Sı, conOCTaBHMoro c reHOHHMOM MYHTaH,
GbITOBaBmHM y liJIan'lHa Ha AJITae / JIe3uHa
1988: 159/. B
3TOM CJIYQae MbI
3AMETKH no BAnKAHCKOH TonOHOMHKE TIOPKCKoro npOHCXO)l(}J;EHIDI
nonaraeM,
qTO
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MYHTeHıul,
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Ardeal (BeHr. Erdely)
c
PYMhlHCKUM
91
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UMeeT unnupuHcKue KOPHU
i
CM.:
1990: 144-145/. OP;HOKO nop;06Hhıe COBnap;eHUSI npUMeqaTenhHhl,
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OC03HaBaTh u orpaHUt.JUBaTh. MbI CTpeMunUCh He CTonhKO YTOQHSlTh
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3aKpenneHUSI COOTBeTCTBYIOuı;UX <pOPM B Kat.JeCTBe reorpa<pUt.JeCKUX
Ha3BaHuH.
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Bacapa6U1w 3eM.llR ynoMUHaeT.CSI B rpaMOTe, p;aTupyeMoH 1357
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3a 6hIBllIeH Eeccapa6cKoH ry6epHueH Poccuu.
Beccapa6uR
B 60nee Y3KOM CMbIcne
OTHOCUTCSI K TeppUTOpUU Me)l(p;y ,n:YHaeM u ,n:HeCTpOM OT
l..JepHoro MOpSl Ha ıore npUMepHO P;O nUHUU EeHp;ephl - Karyn Ha ce Bepe
13QuMupcKuH
1896: 228,
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1990: 117/. B <popMe OHKoHuMa"
6eCC08 ucopa608 (,n:.
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+ aba
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1974: 72/.
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bas + sarab rro,rı;XBaThlBaeT
H.A. KOHCTaHTHHecKY B "PYMhIHCKOM OHOMaCTHqeCKOM CJIOBape"
IConstantinescu
1963: 192/.
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EOJIrapcKıİH TorrOHHM
{3aererapa "JIHCa"
Bacap608o B. MHKOB
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MJIM KaK' npOM3Bo,rı;Hoe OT {3aererapıa "JIHBHHCKa51 JIHCHQa"
1961: 139/.
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KOBaqeB
r.<l>. CaTTapoB ,rı;onycKaeT ,rı;JI5I TlopKCKoro aHTporrOHHMa
6ac "TonTaTh" + cycpcp. -ap (3 JI. e,rı;. Q. 6y,rı;. Bp.) HJIH
6acap "ropHhlH QeCHOK" i CaTTapoB 1973: 51, 531 , a ,rı;JI5I
TonOHHMa Bacap CB5I3h c TaTapCKHM Bhıpa)KeHHeM 6acap Y.M "pacTeT
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npHQ. Ha
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1979: 43/.
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M TonOHHMHQeCT}ylO JIeKCHKY, co,rı;ep)Kaııı;ylO cpopMaHThl
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cpOPMhI
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1974: 72/.
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(a)ba
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Ilo M. <l>acMepy, HM5I 3aHMCTBOBaHO M3 TlopK.
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CPOpMY Basarat- MeCTHOCTh, ynoMHHaeMa51
MMeHH nOJIOBeQKoro KH5I351
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KOHCTaHQa B PYMhIHHH H C. Eacapa B BOCTOQHOH Cep6HH. B rrOJIbCKHX
xpoHHKax ynoMHHaeTc5I
Basarabia. B
6acapa6e1-llu
Waywoda Bessarabiae.
PYMhIHcKa51 cpopMa -
,rı;HaJleKTaX MOJI,rı;OBhl OTMeQeHhl npoH3Bo,rı;Hhıe aneJIJI5ITHBhl
(cy6CT., )K.p.) "JIHJIH5I
(= Lilium Candidum)" H 6acapa6cK'H
1985. T. 1: 118/.
(Cy6CT.,)I(. p.) "COPT BHHorpa,rı;a"l AHKQHoHap
Cpa3Y )L(e 3aMeTHM, QTO TonOHHM
Basarat Bp5I,rı; JIH CB5I3aH c
Eacapa60M
H Eeccapa6HeH. B03MO)l(HO, OH 51BJI5IeTC5I OTpa)l(eHHeM TypeQ. ,rı;iIaJI.
bazar
93
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pazar < nepc. biiziir
Basarabia.
"51pMapKa, PbIHOK" - JIMT.
OMKOHHMa Eeccapa61151 -
(TO )l(e). PYMbIHCKa51 cpopMa
OCHOBaTeJlb ,[(MHaCTHH Eacapa60B - Eacapa6
i (rocno.r:ı;apb
B
1310-1352
rr.) 06'he.r:ı;MHMJI 3eMJlM MYHTeHMH M OJlTeHMM, M3BeCTHbıe B CJlaB5IHCKMX M
repMaHCKMX MCTOqHHKaX KaK BaJlaxM5I (caMM PYMbIHbl BaJlaXaMM ce651 He
Ha3bIBaJIM); B H05l6pe
1476
r. IIITecpaH BeJlMKMM B03BeJl Ha BaJlaIIlCKMM
KH5I)I(eCKMM TpOH JIaMoTa Eacapa6a, npaBMBıııero c nepepbIBaMM .r:ı;o ı 482
r. no.r:ı; MMeHeM Eacapa6 CTapbIM,nOCJle.r:ı;HMM M3 3TOM .r:ı;HHaCTMH -Eacapa6
MJla.r:ı;II1MM c nepepblBaMM npaBMJI TaK)I(e B BaJlaxMM B
1477- ı 488
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KH5I)I(eCTBa MOJl.r:ı;OBbl M IO)I(HOM nOJlOBMHbl 6bIBıııeM Beccapa6cKoM
ry6epHMM. TIpaB.r:ı;a, KaK nOKa3blBalOT Ha3BaHM5I TMna Yıp06JıaXUR,
OTHOCMBıııeeC5I K BaJIaxMM (Tara Romaneascii) MJlM EoıÔaH06JlaXUR,
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no.r:ı; KOTOPblM
no.r:ı;pa3YMeBaJlJICb
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no aCCOQMaQMM MOrJla 6bl 3aKpenMTbC5I M 3a MOJl.r:ı;aBCKMMM TeppMTOpM5IMM .
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cpaKTbI 60JIee n03.r:ı;HeM MCTOPMM, MCKJlIOQMTb npOMCXO)l(.r:ı;eHMe TonOHMMa
Eeccapa6M5I OT aHTponOHMMa Eacapa6 npaKTMQeCKM HeB03MO)l(HO. B
Ta~OM cJlyqae Hy)l(.r:ı;aeTC5I B 06'b5lCHeHMM caMO MM5I c06CTBeHHoe. TlopK.
basar ".r:ı;aBMTb, rocno.r:ı;CTBOBaTb"
781/)
(CM. KopeHb
ba:s/ CeBOpT5IH 1978: 774-
npe.r:ı;CTaBJl5IeTC5I MaJlono.r:ı;xo.r:ı;51III;lIM 3TMMOHOM CJlOBa, XOT5I M
IIOH5ITHbI C006pa)l(eHM5I, nO KOTOPblM B03HMKJlO TaKoe 060CHoBaHMe ere
ceMaHTMKM. Ho "CbIH CXM3MaTMKa TOKoMepM" Eacapa6 He 6bIJI pO)l(.r:ı;eH
"BJlaCTMTeJleM" .
Cpe.r:ı;M nopKOB, HaCeJl5lBIIIMX HeKor.r:ı;a npMqepHOMopCKMe CTenM,
BKJlIOQa51 Eeccapa6MIO, .r:ı;ocTaTOQHO MHOrOQMCJleHHbIMM 6blJIM neQeHerM,
3aHI1MaBIIIMe B x-xı BeKax TeppMTopMIO OT BOJlrM .r:ı;o AYHa5l.
TIo
CBI1.r:ı;eTeJlbCTBY KOHCTaHTI1Ha Earp5lHOpo.r:ı;Horo, QeTbıpe H3 BOCbMM
neQeHe)l(CKI1X po.r:ı;a 6bIJlM paCCeJleHbI K 3ana.r:ı;y OT AHenpa, BOJlOTb .r:ı;o
BOJlfapI1I1.
Cpe.r:ı;I1 HMX ynOMI1HaIOTC5I xapa60u (xapa~61l), KOTOPbIM B
PYCCKOH nepe.r:ı;aQe A.M.IIJ:ep6aKa COOTBeTcTBYIOT
KaııırapCKoro IIIJ:ep6aK
1959: 371/.
Kapa60U
Y MaxMy.r:ı;a
TIo BM3aHTMMCKMM MCTOQHHKaM xı B.
HaCQI1TblBaeTC5I .r:ı;o TpMHa.r:ı;QaTM neQeHe)l(CKMX pO.r:ı;OB. B
CJlaB5IHCKMX
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A.X. fHP<1>AHOBA, H.ll. CYXAqEB
94
qTO,
nO-BM.ı:ı;MMOMY,
CBSl3aHO C peaJIhHhlM
pacnpe.ı:ı;eJIeHHeM llJıeMeHHhlX
M
Me)l(nJIeMeHHhlX 06'be.ı:ı;HHeHHH 3Toro 3THoca, O qeM M CJIaBSlHe M
MOrJIH Cy.ı:ı;HTh
BH3aHTHRlJ,hI
TOJIhKO
"C
qY)I(HX
CJIOB",
.ı:ı;OBepSlSlCh
C006llJ,eHHSlM caMMX· neqeHerOB. Te )l(e xapa60u MOrJIM 6hl 6hlTh
KOHrJIOMepaTOM HeCKOJIhKHX
B
TIOPKCKOR
pO.ı:ı;OB.
Tpa.ı:ı;HlJ,HH
pacnpocTpaHeHHoR
SlBJISleTCSI
Mo.ı:ı;eJIh
3THOHHMOB, BKJIloqalOllJ,HX B nJIeMeHHOe Ha3BaHHe QHCJIO COCTaBJISlIOllJ,HX
ero PO.ı:ı;OB, ep.:
mOlcco6a - Ha3BaHHe llJıeMeHHoro 06'be.ı:ı;HHeHHSI nOJIOBQes,
TO eCTh mOlcc + o6a 6YKB. ".ı:ı;eBSlTh PO.ı:ı;OB", mopmo6a "QeThıpe po.ı:ı;a";
eme6u'-lu "ceMh PO.ı:ı;OB" HJlli bes sary "nSiTh capblKOB" (pe)Ke
BCTpeQalOllJ,eecsı COqeTaHHe) H .ı:ı;p.
C
i
BaCKaKOB
1980: 205/.
YQeTOM 3aKoHoMepHocTH TlopKcKorö COOTBeTCTBHSI
60JIee
B
YCJIOBHSlX
aCCHMHJISllJ,HH)
npe.ı:ı;CTaBJISleTCSI
c- x
(TeM
.ı:ı;onycTHMhIM
TOJIKOBaHHe 3THOHHMa Beccapa6HSI no aHaııorHH c npHBe.ı:ı;OHHoH Mo.ı:ı;eJIhlO,
a HMeHHO KaK COQeTaHHSI qHCJIHTeJIhHOrO C Ha3BaHHeM nJIeMeHH, TO eCTh .
6ec + xapa60u 6YKB.
"nSiTh (nJIeMeH) xapa60eB".
HeKoTophıe HCCJIe.ı:ı;oBaTeJIH TIOPKCKOR TonOHHMHKH BhlCKa3hlBalOT
MHeHHe O HelJ,eJIeco06pa3HOCTH B pSl.ı:ı;e CJIyqaeB 6YKBaJIbHOrO nepeBo.ı:ı;a
QHCJIHTeJIhHhIX,
HanpHMep,
BXO.ı:ı;SlllJ,HX
B
eOCTaB Toro
6eıu MO)l(eT
CJIOBO
HMeTh
HJIH HHoro TonOHHMa.
3HaQeHHe
KOMnaKTHoro
KOJIHlIeCTBa, "qerO-TO, Haxo.ı:ı;SlllJ,erOCSI BMeCTe, KaK B ropCTH, B nSlTepHe"
IMoJIQaHoBa
1976: 154-155/. 00
3TOM )l(e rOBopHT 3.M. Myp3aeB,
.·OTMeQaSl, 'ıTO "KoıiUQeCTBeHHhıe TonOHHMhl YKa3hlBalOT Ha nopSl.ı:ı;OK
SeJIHlIHH: BeJIHKOe MHO)l(eCTBO, 06HJIHe, HeKOTopoe QHCJIO, HeCKOJIhKO"i
MYP3aeB
1974: 225/.
nOJIOraeM, 'ıTO e Ha3BaHHeM nJIeMeHH (po.ı:ı;a) BCe)l(e
coxpaHSleTcsı "6YKBaJIhHOe" 3HaqeHHe QHCJIHTeJIhHoro. ECJIH TaKoe
Aonyııı.eHHe npHeMJIeMO, TO nOAJIe)l(HT .ı:ı;aJIhHeRıııeMY TOJIKOBOOHIO BTOPOH
3JIeMeHT 3THOHHMa -
nelıeHerOB
ICM. :
xapa6ou.
mep6aK
B eOOTBeTCTBHH co exeMOR paCCeJIeHHSI
1959: 376-3771
xapa60H BXO.ı:ı;HJIH B 3ana.ı:ı;HYIO
rpynny nJIeMeH H 3aHHMaJIH 06JIaCTh Me)l(.ı:ı;y ,!J;HeCTpOM H ,!J;HenpOM no
JIHHHH KHeB - KOJIOMhISl. Pa3YMeeTCSI, 3Ta JIOKaııH3aıı;HSI npH6JIH3HTeJIhHa:
nJIeMeHHhıe TeppHTOpHH MOrJIH K TOMY )l(e CABHraTheSl. MO)l(HO O)l(HAaTh,
QTO nOA AaBJIeHHeM cnaBSlH
3ana.ı:ı;Hble nelıeHenl
MHrpHpOBaJIH
.ı:ı;aııhIIle
Ha
3ana.ı:ı;. B x-xı BB. qaCTh HX OceJIa Ha TeppHTopHH BeHrpHH H CJIOBaKHH - .
Ha )l(HTHOM OCTpOBe H B .ı:ı;OJIHHaX peK MopaBa, Bar, HHTpa H rpOH
/BJIalllKOBHq
1972: 63/.
B IO)I(HOH CJIOBaKHH o neqeHeraX HanOMHHalOT
Besa (OKp. JIeBHJ:~e ) Besenov (OKp. HOBe-3aMKH), Besefiyod
Pelenice), OKp. JIeBUıı;e) u .ı:ı;p. ITaM )l(e/. B TO )l(e BpeMSI OHH
TonOHHMhI
(HbIHe
npOHHKJIH Ha PYMhlHCKHe 3eMJIH H B BOJIrapHIO BnJIOTh .ı:ı;o cBOCTOQHOH
3AMETKI1 no BAJIKAHCKOli TOnOHOMl1KE TIOPKCKoro nPOI1CXO)l(J1;EHIDI
95
Cep6HH (neqeHe)l(CKHM CTpaT B 60JIrapOSl3bıqHHX apeaJIax - oco6aSl TeMa).
11. 110p;ıı;aH npHBOAJ1T PYMblHcKHe TonOHHMbl
Peceneaga (p-Hbl EpaHJIa,
BY33Y, TeJIeopMaH), Peceneagul (p.H cf>3r3pamb), Pecineaga (06JI.
A06py;ıı;)I(a), Picineagul (p-H MycqeJI), Picinoaga (p-H Bp3HJIa), Pişineaga
(p-H XYHe;ıı;oapa), Pecenevta (p-H OpmOBa), KaK " onocpe;ıı;aBaHHbıe
BeHrepCKHM Sl3blKOM Beşeneu (p-Hbl feorpeHb, Ce6em), Beşenova (p-H
CbIHHHKOaJIYJI-Mape) H ;ıı;p./lordan
xapa60u
3THOHHM
1963: 279-2801.
Ha TIOPKCKOM not.IBe
xapa
MO)l(eT 6blTb 06bSlCHeH KaK
o6a
+
6YKB.
"3ana;ıı;HbIM po;ıı; (nJIeMSI)". AaHHası MO;ıı;eJIb cooTBeTcTByeT TIOPKCKOM
QBeToBoM
CHMBOJIHKe,
Cpe;ıı;H3eMHoro MOpSl
COrJIaCHO
KOTOPO",
HanpHMep,
AKôeHU303HaqaeTHe '~BeJIoe"
He3BaHHe
,a "3ana;n;Hoe Mope".
00 TeM )l(e co06pa)l(eHHSlM 3THOHHM noıioBQbI, B COCTaBe KOToporo ;ıı;aBHO
nO;ıı;MeQeHO 3HaQeHHe "6JIe;ıı;HbIM, 6JIe;ıı;HO- )KeJITbIM, COJIOMeHHO- )Ke~TbIM"
(=
nOAoBbu'1
PYCCK.
HHTepnpeTHpOBaH
06HapY)l(HBaeT
Ha3blBaJIaCb
/CM.
KaK
: OonOB
"3ana;ıı;Hoe
1973: 127/),
(nJIeMSI)".
caMOHa3BaHHe nOJIOBQeB
TOJIbKO
3ana;ıı;HaSl
quman
Mor 6bl 6blTb
)Ke
napaJIJIeJIb
KYMaHbl:" ... KYMaHaMH
(Bbl;ıı;eJIeHO HaMH-
npHqepHOMOpCKaSl BeTBb KbınQaKOBH TOJIbKO c
HX Ha PYCH ... 11 PyCb H
-
Ty
XI B.
A.
f.,
H~C.)
: T. e. c nOSlBJIeHHeM
CYTb OTpa)l(eHHSI petHoHaJIbHOM Tpa;ıı;HQH
Ha3bIBaHHSI CeBepHoro OpHQepHOMOpbSl "BeJIOM: CBeTJIOM CTOpOHOM"
1981: 11; cp. MeHrec 1979: 73-761.
xapa60u 03HaQaeT "3ana;n;HOe nJIeMSI (neQeHeroB)", a
ITpy6aQeB
ECJIH
OHO BnOJIHe
MOrJIO 6bl 6blTb KOHrJIOMepaTOM nJIeMeH, QTO 06'bSlCHSlJIO 6bl pa3pblB
Me)l(;ıt;y H3BeCTHbIMH CJIaBSIHaM BoceMblO KOJIeHaMH H aH3aHTHHCKHMH
CBe;ıı;eHUSlMH O TpHHa;ıı;QaTH neQeHe)l(CKHX po;ıı;ax, TO
Be.ccapa6uR
(6ec
+xapa + 06a "nSlTb 3ana:;ıı;HbIX pO;ıı;GB") sıaJISleTCSI O;ıı;HHM H3 paHHHX
TIOPKH3MOB B ;ıı;aKopYMbIHCKOM MaCCHBe. Ero JIaTHHH3HpOBaHHaSl <popMa,
o6Hapy)l(eHHaSl B BeHrepCKOM ;ıı;OKYMeHTe
1377 r.- Terra Bozarabie IBogrea
1971: 311/, COOTHOCHTCSI c TpaHCHJIbBaHCKoM TepPHTopHeM Basaraba
/Constantinescu 1963: 192/. OCMaHCKaSl cpöpMa Besarabya, nOXo)l(e,
SlBJISleTCSI TpaHCJIHTepaQHeM pYCCKoro HanHcaHHSI (TYPKH Ha3bıaaJIH
MOJI;ıı;OBY Bor;ıı;aHHeM, a IO)I(HYIO ee QaCTb - By;ıı;)I(aK).
YQHTblBaSl apeaJIbHOe pacnpocTpaHeHHe aHTponOHHMa
TonOHHMa
Beccapa6uR,
MO)l(HO
npe;ıı;nOJIO)KHTb,
Bacapa6
QTO
H
3nHTeT
"Beccapa6cKaSl 3eMJISI" OTHOCHJICSI He CTOJIbKO K TeppHTopHH 06HTaHHSI
BaJIaXOB, CKOJIbKO K 06JIaCTSlM, HaCeJIeHHbIM npHmJlbIMH neQeHeraMH,
KOTopbıe
CO BpeMeHeMaCCHMHJlHpOBaJIHCb MeCTHbIM CJlaBSlHCKHM,
pOMaHCKHM, TIOPKCKHM HaCeJIeHHeM. By;ıı;)I(aKcKaSl CTenb He 6blJIa
YCTOMQUBbIM neQeHe)l(CKHM apeaJIOM, OHa u Ha3bIBaJIaCb no-;ıı;pyrOMY.
A.X. rHPwAHOBA, H.JI. CYXAqEB
96
HeKHM TypeQKHM qMHOBHMK npM MonAaBCKOM rocnoAape ~MxaMne
PaKOBMQe
(1730-1731, 1741-1744)
3acpMKcMpoBan cpaKTMQeCKOe
HCl.Je3HOBeHMe nOH5ITM5I Beccapa6M5I B YCTHOM TpaAMQMM npMMeHMTenhHO
K B YA)KaKY : "3TO oTAenhHa51 OT ~onAaBMM CTpaHa, paHhrne Ha3hIBanaCh
Cepa6 ... " (51BHO yceQeHHa51 cpopMa OT Beccapa6MM )
i
ry60rny 1964~
142/.
EcnM BanarnCKa51 "3eMJI5I Bacapa6a" MO)KeT 6hITh peKoHcTpYMpoBaHa
60JIee MJIM MeHee onpeAeJIeHHO B KaQeCTBe npeeMCTBeHHoro Ha3BaHM5I,
XpaH5Iın,ero
06JIaCT5IX,
CJIeAhI neQeHe)KCKOrO npMCYTCTBM5I B AaKopOMaHCKMX
a
AJI5I
KH5I)KeCTBa
~OJIAOBhI
MCnOJIh30BaHMe' 3Toro
onpeAeneHM5I KpaMHe Y3yaJIhHO, TO Beccapa6M5I B Y3KOM CMhICJIe
(6Y}J,)KaK), no HarneMY MHeHMIO, 06513aHa CBOMM cyın,eCTBOBaHMeM
"KHM)KHOM"
TpaAMQMM,
cnpOBOQMpOBaHHOH
OTl.JaCTM,r::ı:MMTpMeM
KaHTeMMpoM, KOTOPhIM cpaKTMl.JeCKM npMpaBH5In Beccapa6MIO K BYA)KaKY
B CBoeM"OnMcaHMM ~OJIAOBhI"
1456 r.
(1716).
TaK, B nopTynaHe <Ppa-~aypo
" ... lO)l(Ha51 l.JaCTh Beccapa6MM c ropOAOM
Moncastro
(AKKepMaH·)
Ha3BaHa Vlachia pizzola (6YKB. : ~aJIa51 BaJIaXM5I -A. r., H: C. )"
15IQHMHpcKMH 1896: 229/. TOJIhKO B 1686 r. ·Ha KapTe KH5I)KeCTB
~onAaBM5I M BaJIaXM5I n05lBJI5IeTC5I Ha ıore COBpeMeHHOM ~OJIAOBhI
Bessarabia nOA KOTOPhIM nOMel.JeHO Tartari di Budziak. Ha
XVII B. 3Ta Bessarabia CABMraeTC5I K ıory, a HaA HeM
pacnOJIaraeTC5I HaAnMCh "deserta inaquosa " (TO eCTh"6e3BOAHa51
nYCThIH5I") ITaM )Ke : 229-2301. Ha CMeHY TpaAMQMM OTpearMpOBaJI M
Ha3BaHMe
KapTax
BOCTOl.JHOCJIaB5IHCKMM CPOJIhKJIOp. B neCHe npo AJIerny IIonoBMQa KOHQa
XVII
B. cYAa Ka3aQKMe 3aHOCMT 6ypeM B "BiJIapanchKY 3eMJIIO" 6JIM3
YCTh51 ,r::ı:YHa5l, KOTOpa51 no pa3HhIM BapMaHTaM xoporno COOTHOCMTC5I C
"Opa6ChKOM" MJIM "Arap5lHCKOM 3eMJIeM" (TO eCTh TypeQKoM).
K XIX B.
no 3aKOHaM HapoAHoM 3TMMOJIOrMM , Beccapa6M5I MMeHyeTc5I B YKpaMHCKOM
pel.JM "BicoBOM ApafiMeM"1 TaM )Ke : 236-238/.
~hI OC03HaeM YCJIOBHOCTh npeAJIO)KeHHhIX TOJIKOBaHMM, HO nOJIaraeM ,
l.JTO eCTeCTBeHHee MCXOAMTh U3 Aonyın,eHM5I 60JIee l.JaCTOTHoro B MCTOPMM
HapOAOBnepeHoca 3THOHMMa Ha Ha3BaHMe 3aHMMaeMOM MM TeppMTopMM,
l.JeM }J,onYCKaTh l.JMCTO aCCOQMaTMBHYIO CB5I3h TonOHMMa C MMeHeM
BanarnCKoro rocnoAap51 Bacapa6a.
2. Eor;:ı;auuIl
PYM. Bogdania "BorAaHM5I (= ~OJIAaBM5I)" M bogdan "MonAoBaHMH"
OTMel.JeHhI C XVII B., KaK H BeHr. Bogdanorszag 6YKB. "CTpaHa Bor}J,aHa"
(1620), bogdan "MoJIAoBaHMH" (1653), TYp. (OCM.) Bohdan (1615),
Boğdan (1880), Bogdan (1788), Bujdan "~OJIAaBM5I" IKaKYK 1973: 75/. B.
3AMETKll rro EAJIKAHCKOH TOrrOHOMllKE TIOPKCKoro IIPOllCXO)l()J;EHlliI
Eorp5I
rrpHBoAHT
TaK)l(e
"BJIaxo60rAaHH5I", Hap5IAY c
EhlCTPHQKOH
97
j3J...,aXo/11Coy8av{a
cpeAHerpeq.
OvYXpoj3J...,axıa (cp. YzpOB.lıaXUUKKoU
JIeTOrrHCH IrpeKYJI
1976: 341
H
MoJ...,8oj3J...,ax{a V
"MoJIAOBJIaXH5.1 ( Ha,3BaHHe 3aHMCTBOBaHO H. C. TIecKoBhlM B paCCKa3e
"06MaH", Bep05ITHO, H3 rrOJIhCKOrO HCTOqHHKa) IEorpea
YKa3hIBaeT H cpeAHerpeQ.
M1Coy8avoj3J...,axia,
H (CO CChIJIKOH Ha K. K. ,o:)l(ypecKY)
1971: 38/. Eorp5I
Bogdan-ili-
a TaK)Ke TYp.
Bogdan wylaet,
3aCBHAeTeJIhCTBO-
BaHHoe AJI5I TypeQKoro 5.l3hIKa cppaHQY3cKHM HCTOQHKOM
/TaM )Ke : 48, 601.
3TO rrapaJIJIeJIhHOe Ha3BaHHe KH5I)KeCTBa HamJIO BrrOJIHe rrpaBAorroA06Hoe TOJIKOBaHHe B xpOHHKe MOJIAOBhl MHpoHa KOCTHHa ("rro HMeHH
rOCIlOAap5I, YCTYIlHBllIero cTpaHY TYPKaM"). K
EOZÔall B03BOAHT EozôaHulO
C. KaKYK
60JIrapcKoMY HMeHH
IKaKYK 1973 75/.
,o:eHCTBHTeJIhHO,
EozôaH i (1359,..1365) ,
a B ee HCTOPHH H3BeCTHhI TaK)Ke Eozômı II (1449-1451») Bozômı III
(1504-1517) H CKOHQaBIlIHHC5I B MocKBe EozôaH IV (1570-1571). C.
KaKYK YKa3hIBaeT TaK)Ke H TYp. Bağdan beği (1680), "rocrroAaph
MOJIAOBhl", AaBIııee BeHr. bogdan bek c TeM)Ke 3HaQeHHeM ITaM)Ke: 76/.
rrepBhlM rOCIlOAapeM He3aBHCHMOH MOJIAOBhl 6hIJI
B
AaHHOM cJIYQae CB5.13h TOIlOHHMa EorAaHH5I c cooTBeTcTByıoII.J;HM
CJIaB5IHCKHM aHTporroHHMoM IlOqTH HeB03MO)l(H0 OCIlOpHTb.
COMHeHH5I Bhl3hIBaeT He MeHee OQeBHAHa5I, Ha rrepBhlH B3rJI5IA, CB5I3h
IlPOQHX TorrOHHMOB c aHaJIOrHQHhlMH cpopMaHTaMH c TeM )Ke CJIaB5.1HCKHM
HMeHeM. HaIlpHM~p Ha3BaHH5I PYMhIHCKHX ceJI
MaHCKHH ye3A ) H
Bogdan M.p.
Bogdana
)K.p. (TeJIeop-
EozôaHe,
1970: 176,
(ye3A ,o:OJI)K) HJIH cep6cKoro c.
KOTophıe 3. I1eTpOBHQ 'B03BOAHT K H~eHH EorAaH IPetrovİcİ
285/. H. HOPAaH YKa3hIBaeT B PYMhIHHH QeJIhlH P5IA HaCeJIeHHhlX rrYHKToB
Bogdan (p-Hhl KaJIacpaT H KapaKaJI B 06JI. KpaHoBa: AO 1950 r. ye3A
,o:OJI)l(), Bogdana (p-Hhl AJIeKCaHAPHa, EaK3Y, K3JI3palllh, Thıpry-OKHa,'
BaCJIYH, 3::may - B TpaHCHJIhBaHHH, OJITeHHH H MOJIAOBe), Bogdana (B
MapaMypelııe), Bogdaneşti (p-Hhl EaK3Y, EhıpJIaA, EOToıııaHh, KhlMrreHh,
<l>eJITHQeHh, Xope3Y, MeAHalıı, I1paxoBa, PhIMHHKYJI-BhIJIQa, PhIMHHKYJIC3paT, TeJIea)KeH, ThıprYJI-OKHa) H
1963: 163/.
Bogdanu
(ye3A ApA)Keııı) Ilordan
Bo- rrepBhIX, Bce OHH MorYT OKa3aThC5I
BTOİmQHhlMH
HHMaMH (cp. Ha3BaHH5I YKpaHHcKHX MeCTHOCTeH THrra
BO./lOCCKOe ),
Torro-
MO./lÔOBaHKa
HJIH
CBHAeTeJIhCTByıoII.J;HMH o TOM, QTO KaKa5I-TO MeCTHOCTh
6hlJIa OCBoeHa Bhıxoro:ı;aMH H3
HHH IlOKa3aTeJIeH TOIlOHHM
EorAaHa"
(?)
EozôaHUU - MOJIAOBaHaMH. B 3TOM OTHolııe
Drumul Bogdanului (p-H EY33Y ) ",o:opora
IIJIH "Aopora B
EorAaHHıo"
(?) ITaM )Kel.
Bo -BTOPhIX,
JIıo60H H3 IlpHBeAeHHhIx TOIlOHHMOB MO)KeT 6hlTh H TYPQH3MOM, He 065I3aTeJIhHO COOTHOC5ICh IlpH 3TOM C OMOCPOHHhlMH AY6JIeTHhlMH cpopMaMH.
98
A.X. fMPAHOBA, H.n. CYXALIEB
Ha 3,TMMOJIOrMqecKYIO CBSl3b OTMeqeHHOrO Y TaTap ,rı;06PY):PKM
"nIlIeHMıı;a" c Ha3BaHMSlMM
1920 r. M.
(T.
ı. C.
bogda}
Bogdan, Cara Bogdan, Bogdan-ili - Y.Ka3bIBaJI B
,rı;MMMTpecKY B MaJIO~ocTynHoM M3~aHMM "Analele Dobrudgei"
B. Borpsı, OTMeTHBIlIMM 3TY ny6JIMKaıı;MIO,
173).
cqeJI
3TMMOJIonııo IienpMeMJIeMOM, HaCTaMBaSl Ha Tpa~ıı;MOHHOM HOMMHaıı;MM no
MMeHM rocno~apsı Bor~aHa IBogrea
1971: 311. -
CTaTbSl
1921
rj.
MHTepecHo, QTO K TYp. 6oz()a-u "OC06bIM COpT nIlIeHMıı;bI" B03BO~MT
TOnOHMM Bor~aH-
M.
1964: 1361. ECJIM HCXO~MTb M3
ICeBopTSlH 1978: 232-235/, TO K
fy60rJIY Ify60rJIY
TıopKCK. 6y~()au ~ 60e()a-u "nIlleHMıı;a"
3TOMY anenJISlTMBY, B03MO)KHO, BOCXO~MT LI PYM. BUZGU (Ha3BaHMe ropo~a
LI p(:lHOHa) - Qepe3 paHHe6ynr.
*buzaj.
QacTb paCCMaTpMBaeMbIX TonOHMMOB c paBHbIM ycnexoM MO)KeT
0Ka3aTCbSl pO~CTBeHHOM TıopKCK. 682 16ö2 "3anpy~a, nperpa~a"
208-2101.
TaK, 3. IIeTpoBMQ MCCJIe~yeT CPOpMY
rM~pOHMMOB, BOCXO~Slııı;MX
ITaM )Ke :
Bogdastica B p5l~y
K Ha3BaHlIIO HaCeJIeHHbIX nYHKToB, KOTopoe, B
CBOIO OQepe~b, npOM30IlIJIO OT Toro MJIM MHoro aHTponoHMMa
Bo gdastica
TpaKTyeTcsı IlM KaK *Bogdan(i)istica (co CCbIJIKOM Ha M. ,rı;ypM~aHoBa)
IPetrovici
1970: 285-286, 288/.
M.
rny60Koe MecTo", KOTopoe
60JIOTO" M HeM.
Bach
IIo~06Ho PYCCK. ~MaJI.
6020m
"OMYT,
acMep C6JIM)KaeT c 6a21lO "rp5l3b,
"pYQeM" lacMep
1964.
T.
1/,
COOTBeTcTByıoııı;Me
rH~pOHMMbI MOrJIM 6bI CO~ep)KaTb TIOPKCKIIM cpopMaHT 682 -. C HIIM MorYT
6bITb CBSl3aHbI TaKMe PYMbIHCKlIe rlI~pOHIIMbI, KaK
IBogrea 1971: 317, 3,261
MJIM
BahZui
OTHeceHHbIM
"KYMaHCKOM" CMCTeMe r~pOHMMOB, HapSl~ c
95/.
Bogoroiu, BohoreuZ
r.
BaMraH~OM K
VasZui CovfrZui /lordan 1963:
5IBHo pO~CTBeHHaSl CJIaB5IHCKOM cpopMe PYM. (perMOHaJIbHoe) 6aXl-l3
"60310TO, Tonb" ~aJIO Ha3BaHlIe 03. BaXHa y C. Q06YPQlIY (CYBOPOBCKIIH pH, MonAOBa) IEpeMIISI
1990: 117/.
He I1CKnIOQeHbI LI APynı:e TıopKcKlIe 3TMMOJIOrMM PYMbIHcKoro
TonocpopMaHTa
bog-,
HO nlIllIb K KaQeCTBe YM03pMTeJIbHOM Oıı;eHKM
B03MO)KHOrO MCTOy.HMKa 3alIMCTBOBaHlISI cnOBa B YCJIOBIISlX pa3HOSl3bIKOM
TpaAlIl.I,MII. Bonee AOKa3aTenbHbIM aHanlI3 Tpe6ye'i' 3HaHM5I nOKanbHOM
cpaKTYPbI, TepSlıoııı;eMC5I Ha 06ııı;eM cpOHe, YTpaQeHHOM nOA HaCJIOeHlIeM
nOCJleAYIOlUlIX 3anııceM ilCTOpIIM.
3TO Ha3BaHlIe "IO)KHOM TPeTII" Beccapa6MlI B03BO~SlT K TYp. "yroJI",
KpbIM.-TaT.
budzak
(TO )Ke). OHO
OTM~qeHO
6YKB. "TaTapcKını yron" lacMep
1964
T.
B COQeTaHIIII
1/ .
Tatar Budzagu
PYMbIHcKııe CPOpMbI http://www.turkdilleri.org
99
3AMETKl1 no EAJIKAHCKOH TOnOHOMI1KE TIOPKCKoro npOI1CXO:>K,Il;EHI15I
Bugeac H YCT. Buceag) Buceac) BeHr.- Bucsak (1634), Buczagsag IKakuk
1973: 81/. Co 3HaqeHHeM "yroJI" CJIOBO 3aHMCTBOBaHO TaK)Ke B cep6CKOM
H xopBaTCKOM budiilk (c XVII B.) , MaKe~OHCKOM- buçak) aJI6aHCKOM buxhak (c XVII B.). ,Il;aHHoe 3HaqeHHe 06HapY)KHBaeTC5I BO Bcex
TlOPKCKHX 5I3bIKaX, KpOMe KpbIMCK.-KapaHM. bucak "KpaM, KOHeu;,
oKpaHHa": raraY3. 6Y)KaK "yroJI" - YCTapeBlııee CJIOBO
282-283/.
ICeBopT5IH
1978:
OTMeqeHbl TaK)Ke MblC ByôaK H EyôaKcKuu AUMail
Ha
qepHOMOpCKOM n06epe)Kbe K 3ana~y OT ,Il;HecTpoBCKoro JIHMaHa, 03.
Buceag (Bucegi) B ,Il;06pY~)Ke (PYMbIHH5I) H TPH MeCTHOCTH, HMeHyeMblx
Bugeacul, B ye3~ax KOHCTaHu;a (,Il;06pY~)Ka), 5[JIOMHu;a . (JIeB06epe)Kbe
,Il;YHa5I) H TYJIqa (,Il;o6pY~)Ka) IConea, Donat 1958: 169; lordan 1963: 502/.
HecoMHeHHo, n03~HMH TypeU;KHMH 5IBJI5IlOTC5I Ha3BaHH5I Beybucak 6YKB.
"YroJI Ee5I" (COBp. c. I1JIonyJI, P-H TYJIQa ) H Kanlibucak 6YKB.
"KpOBaBbIM yroJI" (COBp. C. KOJIHHa, TaM )Ke) IMalımut 1978: 263/. PYM.
Buceag B03BO~HTC5I K aneJIJI5ITHBY bugeac « TYp. bucak) "XOJIMHCTa5I
cyxa5I CTenb, JIHıııeHHa5I BOlJ,OCTOKOB" /Iordan 1963: 502/. KpoMe Toro, B
KaQeCTBe 6YÔJlcaKCKUX mamap HJIH 6YÔJlcaK08 (I1.TYHMaH) H3BeCTHbI
Horaı'1U;bI, KOQeBaBIIIMe B u;eHTpaJIbHOM QaCTH EY~)KaKcKoı'1 CTenH B
XVII
BB.
l,Il;poH 1981: 56/.
bugeac
3HaQeHHe PYM.
XVI-
"XOJIMHCTa5I cyxa5I
CTenb ... " 5IBHO OTpa)KaeT peaJIbHOCTb, CT05Iııı;ylO 3a TonOHHMOMM
Bugeac ,
HO He np05ICH5IeT BHYTpeHHeM MOTHBHPOBKH PYMbIHCKHX Ha3BaHHM 03epa
11 MeCTHOCTH B ,Il;06pYlJ,)Ke. He COOTHOCHTC5I OHO H co 3HaQeHHeM TYp.
bucac
"yroJI", KOTopoe npHMeHMTeJIbHO K EY~)KaKY 3aqmKcHpoBaHO B
"'GyyloS <
oglô "yroJI" lacMep 1964:. T. 1/. 3TOT
(IX B.) CB5I3aH c ~BH)KeHHeM "npoT060JIrap"
nolJ, BOlJ,HTeJIbCTBOM Acnapyxa (VII B.) "Ha JIe)Kaııı;He 6JIH3 ,Il;YHa5I 3eMJIH"1
J1HTaBpHH 1985: 140-142/. B HHOM HHTepnpeTaU;HH peQb H~eT 5IK06bI o
TlOPKCKOH cpopMe ongl < on=:=köl "ceMb o3ep"- Ha3BaHHe nepBOHaQaJIbHOH
TeppHTopHH 6YJIrap IPoceTTH 1986: 270.- Co CCbIJIKOH Ha ny6JIHKaU;HlO Ha
E. CPOH ApHHMa B Zeitschriftfür slawische Philologie. 1934. 19. 10/.
cpelJ,HerpeQ.
CJIaB.
OH2A "XPOHHKH" eocpaHa
TlOpKcKHe
CPOPMbl
aHaJIH3HpYlOTC5I
"yroJI,
KOTOPblM
06pa3yeT Ka)K~bIM H3
npoH3Bo~Hbıe c
byc- "npH 3TOM 6yı/xaK
KaK
rJIarOJIbHOHMeHHblM acpcpHKcoM -qaq OT CTapOTYp.
QeTbıpex KOHU;OB IIIKypbI
)l(I1BOTHoro"). CJIOBO I1HTepnpeTHpyeTC5I TaK)Ke KaK buçğa.~k "QTO-JIH60
OTpe3aHHoe, oTpe30K, cerMeHT"
ICeBopT5IH 1978: 282-283/.
ECJIl1 OH2Jl - napaJIJIeJIbHOe Ha3BaHHe Ey~)I(aKa, TO OHO ~OJI)KHO 6bIJIO
. 6bI CPYHKQHOHHpOBaTb Hap5IlJ,y c Eecçapa6HeM, QT06bl, paCIIIHpHB B
pe3Y JIbTaTe
nepeOCMbICJIeHH5I
pOTaQI13HpOBaHHYlO
CBoe
(n CJIaB5IHH3HpOBaHHYlO)
CO~ep)KaHHe,
~aTb
CPOpMY Y2po8AaXUR
-
A.X. rHPAHOBA, H.n. CYXAqEB
100
npMMeHMTeJIhHO K BaJIaXMM npM TOM, qTO 3Ta 06JIaCTh CXBaThIBaJIaCh
TaK)I(e nOH5ITM5IMM MOJI,ı::ı;oBJIaXM5I M Bor,ı::ı;aHOBJIaXM5I. Tor,ı::ı;a TypeII;Koe MM5I
OHrJIa, B03MO)l(HO, KaJIhKMpOBaHO CO cpe,ı::ı;HerpeqeCKOrO, qTO Bpo,ı::ı;e 6hI
corJIacyeTC5I M C XpOHOJIOrMeM. He HCKJIIOqeHa TaK)I(e H 06paTHa5I KaJIhKa
c TIOpKCKOro HCTOQHHKa, OCMhICJIeHHOrO B 6aJIKaHCKOM 5I3hIKOBOM cpe,ı::ı;e
no,ı::ı; BJIH5IHMeM BH3aHTHllCKOM Tpa,ı::ı;UU,HH.
Ilpe,ı::ı;cTaBJIeHHe, COrJIaCHO KOTOPOMY By,ı::ı;)I(aK "npOCTHpaeTC5I Me)l(,ı::ı;y
,IJ;YHaeM H THpacoM (,IJ;HecTpoM- A.
r.,
H. C.) no HanpaBJIeHHIO K
QepHoMY MOpIO M OKaHQIIBaeTC5I OCTPhIM yrJIOM" (,IJ;MHTPHM KaHTeMHp
"ünMcaHMe MOJI,ı::ı;oBbI"), 5IBHO He COOTBeTcTByeT TO MY BM,ı::ı;eHHIO MMpa,
KOTopoe 6hIJIO npHBhIQHO BH3aHTMMII;Y
Y roJI,
IX
H nOCJIe,ı::ı;yıorn;MX CTOJIeTHM.
,ı::ı;eMCTBMTeJIhHO o6pa3yeMhIM Ha KapTe Beccapa6MM Me)l(,lJ;ypeQheM
,IJ;HecTpa, IlpYTa M AYHa5I Bp5I,ı::ı; JIH Mor 6hITh 3aMeQeH COBpeMeHHHKaMH
Acnapyxa H <PeocpaHa. 3TO TOJIhKO "reorpacpHQeCKOe"
BH,ı::ı;eHHe
06-beKTa,
HO H.e "nCTOpHQeCKoe". MCTOpHQeCKa5I reorpacpM5I HH)l(Hero Ilo,lJ;yHaBh5I
B paHHeM Cpe,ı::ı;HeBeKOBhe - 06JIaCTb HeBe,ı::ı;OMoro. Ha aBapcKHM cTpaT
B. nepBoM TpeTH
X
IX
B. HaQHHaIOT oce,ı::ı;aTb neqeHerH, KOTopbıe pa30lIIJIHCb
K KOHII;y CTOJIeTH5I no BceM AYHaMCKOM paBHHHe. B
JIeBo6epe)l(HOM
Ilo,lJ;yHaBbe Ha TeppHTopHH PYMbIHHH BbI5IBJIeH ıı;eJIbIM nJIaCT rH,ı::ı;pOHHMOB
(l)ui npe,ı::ı;nOJIO)l(HTeJIbHO neqeHe)l(CKoro npOHCXO)l(,ı::ı;eHH5I IConea ,
Donat 1958: 167-169/. TıopKcKHe (neQeHe)l(cKHe) QepTbI ern;e
Ha -
np05IBJI5IIOTC5I B COMaTHQeCKOM 06JIHKe MerJIeHopYMbIH, 5IBJI5IIOID;HXC5I, no
MHeHHIO
r. Baii:raH,ı::ı;a, nOTOMKaMH "60JIrapOBJIaxoB", OCHOBaBIIIHX B KOHu;e
XII
BTopoe BOJIrapCKOe ıı;apcTBo IQepH5IK
B.
1990
6.:
221-222/.
B
AHaJIOrHQHblM "neQeHe)l(CKHll THn" Ha6JIıo,ı::ı;aeTC5I B BOCTOQHOM Cep6MH.
xııı-xıv BB. B HH)I(HeM Ilo,ı::ı;YHaBbe B3aMMo,ı::ı;eMcTBYI9T BH3aHTHMCKa5I H
Op,ı::ı;bIHCKa5I Tpa,ı::ı;HII;HM
IPycceB 1989/.,
B
xvı-xvııı BB. By,ı::ı;)I(aKCKa5I
CTenb- 3TO MeCTO KOQeBb5I 6y,ı::ı;)I(aKCKHX HJIM aKKepMaHCKHX TaTap,
OTKOJIOBillHXC5I . OT
BOJIbillOM
HoraMcKoM
Op,ı::ı;bI.
HoraMcKHe
po,ı::ı;onJIeMeHHbıe Ha3BaHM5I npOCJIe)l(HBaIOTC5I B TonOHHMHH ıora MOJI,ı::ı;OBbI
l,IJ;poH 1981: 571.
C
HaQaJIa
XVI
B. Beccapa6H5I BXo,ı::ı;HT B COCTaB
MOJI,ı::ı;aBCKoro KH5I)I(eCTBa, HO IO)I(Ha5I ee QaCTb - By,ı::ı;)I(aK- CTaHOBHTC9.
OCMaHCKOM npOBHHII;HeM. HapeQb 3TY TeppHTopHIO MOrJIH KaK OCMaHII;bI,
TaK M HoraMII;bI HJIH neQeHerH, a B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT 3Toro MeH5IeTC5I He
TOJIbKO HanpaBJIeHHe 3aHMCTBOBaHHM, HO H MOTHBau;M5I TonoHHMa.
K
orY30- neQeHe)l(cKoMY nJIaCTY 3THOHHMOB OTHOCHTC5I, B QaCTHOCTH,
Ha3BaHHe po,ı::ı;OBoro 06be,ı::ı;HHeHH5I nOJIOBıı;eB 6YPÔJlC02Jlbl - 6YPÔJlCOKJlbl
1984b 63: 1988: 125/. ÜHO aHaJIH3HpyeTC5I KaK bura "3TOT,
3TY CTOPOHY" + dzaq "CTopOHa, 60K" + acpcpHKc 06JIa,ı::ı;aHH5I HJIH
IBaCKaKOB
3,ı::ı;eCb, no
101
3AMETKI1 no EAnKAHCKOH TOnOHOMl1KE TIOPKCKoro IIPOI1CXO)KAEHIDI
OTHOlııeHIUI -ıyı -li,
bur(a)dzaqlu
"Te, KTO no 3TY CTopOHY: HaXOı[VI~HHC5I
Ha 3TOH CTopOHe" (cp. aJ-lÔJlCOı.llbl- po,ı::ı;OBoe 06he,ı::ı;HHeHHe nonOBl.ı;eB,
Ha3BaHHe KOTOPbIX BKnlOqaeT MeCTOHMeHHe
an-
"TOT"). Pa3YMeeTC5I,
Henh351 nonaraTb, qTO 6yp,ı::ı;)I(OrnhI MornH Henocpe,ı::ı;CTBeHHO 3acenHTh
EYÔJlCaK, r,ı::ı;e neqeHenı e~e npOCne)I(HBaIOTC5I B
oıHıpa5lCb
Ha CTPYKTYPY
npHBe,ı::ı;eHHoro
3THOHHMa,
XI
B. MO)I(HO nHllib,
npe,ı::ı;nonO)ı(HTb,
Ha3BaHHe Ey,ı::ı;)I(aK Morno 6hl TaK)I(e qneHHTbC.sı Ha
bu: + dzaq
qTO
"3Ta
CTopOHa" no OTHOllieHHIO K "TOH" (npaBo6epe)ı(HOH) CTopOHe ,ı:ı;YHa5l.
MeCTOHMeHHe
(~momJ ama, amo" BO Bcex TIOPKCKHX HCTOQHHKaX
bu:
,ı::ı;n51
ynöTpe6n5leTC5I
YKa3aHH.sı
Ha
npe,ı::ı;MeT,
6nH)I(aHlliHH
npOCTpaHCTBeHHOH HnH BpeMeHHOH nepcneKTHBe ICeBopT.sıH
B
1978: 225-
228/.
EcnH npHBe,ı::ı;eHHa51 3THMOnOrH5I npHeMneMa, TO cpe,ı::ı;HerpeQ.
vOyyILos
"yron" eCTh nepeBO,ı::ı; TIOPKCKOH CPOPMbl no açCOI.ı;HaI.ı;HH c 60nee
Y3yanhHhIM
bucak
(TO )I(e ). IIpH 3TOM YBenHQHBaeTC5I reorpacpHQeCKa.sı
Heonpe,ı::ı;eneHHOCTh COOTBeTCTBYIO~eH 06naCTH, H Tor,ı::ı;a YıpOB.IlaXUR
nOrHQeCKH npOTHBOCTOHT IO)I(Ho,ı::ı;YHaHCKHM BanalliCKHM apeanaM, QTO
no,ı::ı;Kpenn.sıeTC5I ,ı::ı;pyroH ceMaHTHQeCKOH napannenhlO. PeQb H,ı::ı;eT O TYp.
iiflak
kara iiflak "Mon,ı::ı;aBH5I" (npHMeHHTenbHO K 60nee
lacMep 1964. T. 1/ Hap5l,ı::ı;y c kara olach (XII B.)
"BanaxH5I" H
ceBepHoH)
"Mon,ı::ı;oBaHHH", 51BHO cnpoBOI.ı;HpOBaBlliHMH cpe,ı::ı;HerpeQ.
"MaBpoBnaxH
Nigri Latini
(=
J.lavp6f3ILaxos
,ı::ı;YHaHcKHe BnaXH" H naTHHH3HpOBaHHYlO CPOpMY cnOBa
(TO
)I(e).
OCHOBaHHeM
,ı::ı;n51
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,ı::ı;aHHoro
cnoBoynoTpe6neHH5I He Ha cpe,ı::ı;HerpeQeCKYIO, a Ha TIOPK05l3hlQHYlO
Tpa,ı::ı;HI.ı;HIO 51Bn5leTC5I xapaKTepHhlH ,ı::ı;n51 nocne,ı::ı;HeH 3nHTeT
KOTOPhlM
npH
npOCTpaHTCTBeHHOH
kara"QepHbIH",
,ı::ı;HcpcpepeHI.ı;HaI.ı;HH
3THoca
0603HaQanHCh ceBepHhıe (nH60 3ana,ı::ı;Hbıe) nneMeHa H HapO,ı::ı;HOCTH
KOHOHOB
1975: 161-170/.
"Ha3h1Ba1OT apYMbIH
Pa3BHBa51
beliviasi "6enbıe
TY )I(e TP a,ı::ı;H I.ı;HIO ,
ICp. :
60nrapbl
(T. e. IO)I(Hbıe) BnaxH" ILJepH5IK
1990 a: 192/.
TaKHM o6pa30M, 3THOHHM MaBpOB.IlaXU H TonOHHM
Y ıp06.1laXUR
OKa3hIBaIOTC.sı KOCBeHHhlM OTpa)I(eHHeM npHBhlQHOll ,ı::ı;n51 TIOPK05l3hIQHblX
'3THOCOB CHCTeMbl HOMHHaI.ı;HH. IIpH 3TOM cpopMaHT yıpo- OTpa)I(aeT
YCTHYIO Tpa,ı::ı;HI.ı;HIO BOCnpH5ITH5I TlopKCKoro Ha3BaHH5I Ey,ı::ı;)I(aKa KaK HeKOH
ceBepHo,ı::ı;YHaHCKOH
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aCCOI.ı;HHpOBaBllieHC5I
Eeccapa6HeH OTHOCHTenbHO n03,ı::ı;HO.
c
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3TO Morno npOH30HTH H B
OCMaHCKHH nepHO,ı::ı;, ecnH HMeTh B BH,ı::ı;y, QTO HoraHI.ı;eB CTanH Ha3bIBaTb
6y,ı::ı;)I(aKCKHMH TaTapaMH no MeCTY HX 06HTaHH5I.
A.X. rHPAHOBA, H:JI. CYXA~EB
102
Ha3BaHMe cOnpe~eJlhHOH JleBo6epe)l(HOMY Ey~)I(aKY npaBo6epe)l(HOH
()QJI::ı.P'J'H ;lloQPyp;:ia (PYM. Dôbrogea, 6oJlr. JI.o6pyiJJlCa) nOQTH
e~MHogyI.IIflO " . CqMTaeTC5I
npe06pa30BaHHhlM B Typell,KOM
5I3hlKe
60JlrapCKMM npMJlaraTeJlhHhIM *JI.o6pomut.{,a (3eM5I) = "terra Dobrodici",
no MMeHM KH5I3a ,U06POTMll,hl (cepe~. XIV B.) lacMep
1964. T. 1/. 3TY
(1869), K. HpeqeK .(1876),
(1927), B. Eorp5I (lg21) M ~p. ICM.:
3TMMOJlOnUO no~~ep)l(lmaJlM H . .r:ı:ypM~aHoB
(1914),
H. Hopra
II. MYTacpqMeB
B03BO~MJlaCh JI.o6pyiJJlCa M
dobrb "~06PhIH" MJlM CJlaB. dobrice
"KaMeHMCTa5I M 6eCnJlO~H5I 3eMJl5I" ITaM )L(e: 97-98/. ,UeHcTBMTeJlhHO, B
JlaTMHCKMX M rpeqeCKMX ~oKYMeHTax xıv-xv BB BCTpeQaeTC5I partes
Dobrodice, Terrarum Dobrodicii, Dobritze. L1o[3por{KEm ... xmpav
1958: 97/.
Alexsandrescu-Dersca
Henocpe~CTBeHHO K CJI;lB5IHCKOMY
npMMeHMTeJlhHO K TeppMTopMM K ceBepy OT BapHhI M KOBapHhl
(EOJlrapM5I) ITaM )L(e : 991. rpaHMll,hl 3TOH conpe~eJlhHOH "3eMJlM" He
OQepQeHhi. Hap5I~y c npMBeAeHHhIMM Ha3BaHM5IMM, 'OTMeQeHO Sahra-i
Dobrudga "paBHMHa ,U06pY~)ı(M" y XO~)ı(M Ca'~ 3~ ,UMHa (1536-1599), a
TaK>Ke 60Jlee paHHMe CPOPMhl, 0603HaQalOIll,Me TeppMTopMIO K iory OT
'uYHa5I: Burğan, Berğan, Borğean M ard bruğan (npM apa6. ard "3eMJl5I,
cTpaHa")- nOCJle~Me ~e y H~PMCM ITaM )l(e:
B 1903
99, 101/.
r. r. ",U3HecKY npe~nOJlO)ı(MJI, QTO Ha3BaHMe ,U06pY~)ı(M
B03HMKJlO B pe3YJlhTaTe KOHTaMMHall,MM CJlaB. dobrb M Typell,KO-TaT.
Budjak, Dobr( ob )udja(k) ICM. TaM )l(e: 98/. M. M. AJleKcaH~pecKY
,UepcKa, nO~hITO)ı(MB MCTOPMIO M3YQeHM5I CJlOBa, COOTHOCMT ero c
3THOHMMOM3 Burğan, 5IKo6hI npMCBoeHHhIM apa6cKMMM reorpacpaMM
npoTo6oJlrapaM-TlopKaM". IIpM 3TOM ~onYCKaeTC5I CYlll,eCTBOBaHMe .
HeKoero apa6cKoro TepMMHa Dhu Bruğan MJlM Dhu Borğean (no aHaJlOrMM
c Dhu' L Wizaratain ~Jl5I BM3aHTMM, r~e dhu
KOHCTPYKll,M5I),
KOTOPhIM
BM3aHTMMll,hI
+
reHeTMB- nocceCMBHa5I
0603HaQaJlM
neQeHerOB,
oKKynMpoBaBllIMX ,Uo6py~)I(y B cepe~MHe ~II B. H:;lIIMCaHM5I Borğan,
Burğan,'Berdan,
!raM )l(e:
Borsan BhI5IBJl5IIOTC5I no apa6cKMM MCTOQHMKaM ıx-xı BB ..
106, 114/.
HeTpY~Ho 3aMeTMTh, QTO aBTOp ~onYCKaeT cyry60
KHM)I(HYIO peaJlMlo: nepeHOC apa6CKoro Y3yca, onocpe~oBaHHoro
KOHcepBaTMBHOM BM3aHTMMcKOM xpOHorpacpMeM B 6aJlKaHCKYlO peQeBYIO
CTMXI1IO.
K
TOMY
)l(e
cpopMaHT
AJleKCaH~pecKy-,UepcKa,
d 0- eCJlM
nOJlYQaeT
OQeHh
npMH5ITb
BepCMIO
npM6J1M3MTeJlbHOe
06b5ICHeHMe. l.JTO KaCaeTC5I 6yp~)I(aH
Epb:>KAHaHM, Ep)l(~aH,
(EYPla1-l) cp. TonOHMMbI TMna
Ebp~)I(aHM, IBrezdan 3aMMoB 1967: 110/; EYP~)I(oBa
3AMETKl1 rro EAJ1KAHCKOH TOrrOHOMl1KE TIOPKCKOrO OPOl1CXO>KD:EHIDI
qYKapa 13aIIMoB
103
TpaKTyeMbıe KaK aHTponOHHMbI ıınH B
1977: 77i,
KaqeCTBe npOH3BO,ı:ı;HbIX OT 6onr. 6bPÔO "BbICOTa, XOnM" H T. n.
MM CqHTaeM 60nee
y,ı:ı;aqHOM ,ı:ı;ora,ı:ı;KY
r.
,I1;3HecKY c KOHTaMHHa:U;H5IMII
CnaB5IHCKOrO M TıopKcKorO 3neMeHTOB B Ha3BaH.H"it ,I1;06py,ı:ı;)KH, HO
npe,ı:ı;naraeM cne,ı:ı;yıoı:u;yıo nOnpaBKY. KaK MO)KHO 6bInO 3aMeTHTb Ha
npHMepe Eeccapa6MM H Eor,ı:ı;aHHH, cpe,ı:ı;HeBeKOBbıe Ha3BaHH5I KpynHblx H
MenKHX reorpaqmqeCKHX 06naCTeM Qaı:u;e Bcero OCTaBanHCb He CTporo
onpe,ı:ı;eneHHbIMM. A,ı:ı;MHHMCTpaTIIBHo-nOnHTHQeCKMe rpaHH:U;hI paHHero
Cpe,ı:ı;HeBeKOBb5I B :u;enOM BeCbMa ycnoBHbi. EYÔJlCaK 5IBHO He COCTaBn5In
MCKnıoQeHH5I H3 CnO)KMBUıerOC5I Y3yca. Henb35I n03TOMY HCKnıoQHTb
B03MO)KHOCTb OTHOCMTenbHO paHHero (B
X-XI
BB. ) pacnpOCTpaHeHM5I
Ha3BaHM5I c neBo6epe)KHOrO Ilo,ı:ı;YHaBb5I (a B ,ı:ı;aHHOM cnYQae H3
Eeccapa6MH B Y3KOM CMbıcne) Ha BCıo ,ı:ı;YHaMCKYıo. ,ı:ı;enbTY H QaCTb
TeppMTopHH, Haxo,ı:ı;5IIIJ;eMC5I K ıory OT Hee, TO eCTb Ha 06naCTb, ne)Kaı:u;yıo
Me)K,ı:ı;y ,I],YHaeM H QepHblM MopeM. <popMa ard bruğan Ha "KapTe M,ı:ı;PHCH
(cepe,ı:ı;MHa XM B.) K 3TOM "3eMne" M OTHOCMTC5I. 3,ı:ı;eCb, Brnpe,ı:ı;enax
ManoM
CKHCPHH pMMcKoro
BpeMeHH,
KOTOpa5I
,ı:ı;onbllIe
,ı:ı;pyrHx
npM,ı:ı;YHaMcKHx Bna,ı:ı;eHHM OCTaBanaCb no,ı:ı; peanbHblM KOHTponeM BH3aHTHH,
Morna npoxo,ı:ı;MTb M ceBepHa5I rpaHM:u;a "3eMenb ,I1;o6:POTM:U;bl-partes
Dobrotici, Dobritze naTHHCKHX MCTOQHHKOB XMY -XY BB. B HTore
CMellIeHH5I ,r:ı;Byx HOMHHa:U;MM, TıoPKCKOM H CnaB5IHCKOM, M Morno n05IBMTC5I
Ha3BaHMe .D:06py,ı:ı;)KM. rpaHH:u;a Me)K,ı:ı;y nocne,ı:ı;HeM H co6CTBeHHO
Ey,ı:ı;)KaKOM, CTaBllIHM K TO MY EpeMeHH "TaTapCKMM yrnoM", np~nerna no
KpaMHeMY BOCTOQHOMY pycny ,I],YHa5I.
M3nO)KeHHa5I rMnOTe3a no,ı:ı;Kpenn5IeT Bep05ITHOCTb
nepBOHaQanbHO
Toro, QTO
bu-dzaq Morno 03HQaTb "3Ta CTopOHa (,I1;YHa5I )" H nHllIb
Bnocne,ı:ı;CTBHM cnOBO 6bInO nepeOCMblcneHO' KaK "yron", QT'o 60nee
npHMeHMMO K npaBo6epe)KHOM ,I],o6pY)Ke, 3a)KaTOM Me)K,ı:ı;y ,I1;YHaeM H
QepHbIM MopeM. B 3TOM cnYQae 60nee onpaB,ı:ı;aHHbIM CTaHOBHTC5I H
nepeHOC BH3aHTMMCKoro MMeHH OHrn Ha coce,ı:ı;Hıoıo c ,I1;o6py,ı:ı;)KeM
BanaxMıo (YrpoBnaxMıo). 3TO HM5I HHKor,ı:ı;a He pacnpOCTpaH5InOCb Ha BCıo
Mon,ı:ı;oBY (B OTnW-IMe OT Eeccapa6MH M Eor,ı:ı;aHHM),QTO no,ı:ı;Kpenn5Ino 6bl
cyııı:eCTBOBaHMe 'KOMIT03HTa
MOJlÔ06JlaXUR
Yıp06JlaXUR
Ha
cpOHe
o,ı:ı;HOTHnHhIX
M EOıÔal-106JlaXUR , nOCKonbKY ceBepHo,ı:ı;yHaMCKHe 3eMnH
BocnpMHMManMCb KaK e,r:ı;HHa5I BanallICKa5I 06n~CTb, a Ey,ı:ı;)KaK (OHrn) K HeM
He OTHOCHnC5I, Qero Henb35I YTBep)K,ı:ı;aTb OTHOCHTenbHO ,I1;o6py,ı:ı;)KH, TO
'ecTh
npaBo6epe)KHOM QaCTH
Ey,ı:ı;)KaKa
MnH
OHrJIa,
ecnH HallIH
YMo3aKnıoQeHM5I KoppeKTHbi. Pacnpe,ı:ı;eneHMe TonOHHMOB
Ha
ıoro-3ana,ı:ı;e ,I1;o6py,ı:ı;)KM)
M
Buceag (03epo
Bugeacul (Ha3Ba~He Tpex MeCTHOCTeM B
104
A.X. rI1PAHOBA, H.JI. CYXA l.J:EB
)J,06py}];)l(e H COnpe}];enhHOH 5InoMIU:ı;e) nO-CBOeMY IlOKa3aTenhHO }];n5I
paCCMaTpHBaeMOrO cnyqa5I.
TIpe}];nO)l(eHHa5I
TpaKTOBKa
BneqeT
eıı.ı;e
O}];HO
}];OIlyıı.ı;eHHe }];n5I
3THMOnOrmı EyÔJICaK. TI05IBn5IeTC5I Bep05ITHOCTh TOrO, qTO <popMaHT
bu-
eCTh pe}l;y.QHpOBaHHhlH BapHaHT MeCTOHMeHH5I 6ypa, BhıqneHeHHoro A.H.
EaCKaKOBhIM }];n5I 3THOHHMa
6YPÔJlCOK.Ilbl (cp. apa6CKHe HaIlHCaHH5I THIla
Burğan).
KOHTaMHHa.QH5I CnaB5IHCKOrO 3THOHHMa *Jıo6pomut.ta (3eM5I) H orY30IleQeHe)l(CKOrO
bu-dzaq
"3Ta CTopOHa" BIlonHe }];OIlYCTHMa, KaK H ero
IlepeOCMhıcneHHe B OCMaHCKOH cpe}];e B KaQeCTBe
budzak
'yron" ilo}];
BnH5IHHeM rpeQeCKOH H CnaB5IHCKOH peQH, BOCIlpHH5IBıııeH ILO 3aKOHaM
HapO}];HOH 3THMonorHH 60nee 06HXO}l;HYIO TIOPKCKYIO <POpMY.
ThrrepaTypa
EaCKaKOB H. A., "Mo}];enH TIOPKCKHX TOIlOHHMOB H HX KnaCCH<pHKa.QH5I",
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3AMETKH 110 EAJIKAHCKOı1 TOIlOHOMI1KE TIOPKCKOrO I1P0I1CXOIKUEHI151
107
Özet:
Türkçe Kökenli lJall{alı y ~rAdhırıÜzerine Notlar
Besarabya, Boğdanya, .Dobruca, Bucak
Balkan dillerindeki Türkçe sözvarlığı sadece günlük dile ait sözcükleri değil,
aynı zamanda yer adlarını da kapsamaktadır. Ancak her araştırmacı,
dilbilimci kendi alanına ait öğeleri, Slavist Slav dillerine ait, Türkdilbilimcisi
Türkdilbilimine ait olanları incelemektedir.
Yer adlarının çözümlenişi oldukça sorunludur. Bu soruna, her araştırıcı
kendi yaklaşımına göre farklı açıklamalar getirmektedir. Burada ele
alacağımız adlar Kuzey Karadeniz ve Adriyatik bölgesindeki yer adlarını,
daha doğrusu bunlardan bir kaçını kapsamaktadır. Bu dizinin ilk yazısı
Kunstkamera: Etrıografiçeskiye tetradi adlı derginin 1993 (fas. 2-3, s. 195207) sayısında yayımlanmıştır. Söz konusu yazıda Arceş, Artan,
Balabantsı, Bezdyadul, Gorgan, Dalyan, Derekya, Kesar', Tunyuvato~
Uynintsı ve çungorl yer adları ele alınmıştır.
1. Besarabya: Bugü~e kadar bu adın Ufah prensi Basaraba'nın
adından geldiği düşünülmekteydi. Bu adı ilk kez 1357 tarihli bir yazmada
görüyoruz. 'Bu adla Moldavya prensliği ve bölgesi kastedilmektedir.
1912'den sonra ise daha çok Moldavya'nın doğusu için kullanılır olmuştur.
Dar anlamda Karadeniz' den güneye doğru, Tuna ve Dinyester arasında
kalan bölgeye aittir. Diğer görüşler ise şöylece sıralanabilir:
D. Kantemir bess ve sorab kabileleriyle bağlantılı olabileceğini, P.
Tunman ve A. Zaşçuk ise 13. yy.'da yaşamış olan Basaraba adlı Kıpç~k
prensiyle ilişkili olabileceğini öne sürmüştür. B.P. Hajdeu ise Yun.
f3aaıAEvS' a veya Ulah hükümdarlarından kalan ve bir soyluluk unvanı olan
*saraba 'baş' sözünden geldiğini iddıa etmiştir. Kimi yazarlar da Kumanca
,bas + aru 'pek arı/temiz' ve a~a 'baba' adlarının birle.şiminden ortaya
çıktığını öne sürmüştür. V. Mikov ise Bulgarca Basarbovo adını
f3aaaapa 'tilki' ile ilgili görmüş, M. R. Mollova ise Farsçadan Türkçeye
geçen bazar ve onun yanbiçimlerinden basar ile ilgili olduğunu
düşünmektedir.
Macar kaynaklarında görülen Bazarab, Bazarad, Bozora~ Mazarath gibi
de Kuman prensi Basaraba ile ilgili görülmektedir. Fasmer ise bu adı
Türkçe basar « bas- 'basmak') eylemiı:ıe bağlamalçtadır.
şekiller
lOS
A.X. rHPAHOBA, H.JI. CYXAqEB
Sonuçta, bes + !Jaraboi « bes + !Jara + oba, Hraboy'lann 'beş kabilesi'
üzerinde de durulduktan sonra çeşitli görüşler gözden geçirilir ve bu adın bir
olasılıkla Ulah prensi Basaraha ile ilgili olabileceği belirtilir.
2. Bogdanya: Bu ad da çeşitli tarihi' kaynaklarda farklı şekillerde
görülür. Rumence Bogdania, Mac. Bogdanorszag 'Bogdan ülkesi' (1620
yılı), bogdan 'Moldavyalı' (1623), Tü. (Osm.) bohdan (1615), Boğdan
(1880) vb. İ. Dimitresku 1020'de bogday 'buğday' sözünü Bogdan, Cara
Bogdan, Bogdan-ili adlanyla ilgili görür . Bogdan'ın içinde Tü. bögeylemini görenler de vardır.
3. Budjak (Bucak)
Besarabya'nın "güney bölümü"ne Türkçede 'köşe, bucak' denirken
Kırım Tatarcasında budzak /bucak/ denilmektedir (örn. Tatar bucağı).
Romence şekilleri Bugeac, Buceag, Buceac'tır (son ikisi daha eski).
Macarlar ise Bucsak (1634), Buczagsag demektedirler. 'Bucak, köşe'
anlamındaki bu sözcük Sırp ve Hırvatlarda budiilk, Makedonlarda buçak,
Arnavutlarda ise buxhak olarak geçer. Sözcük, bu anlamıyla Kınm
Karayeası dışındaki tüm Türk dillerinde hemen hemen benzer anlamlarda,
Kırım Karaycasında ise 'kıyı, kenar, son' olarak görülür. XVı-XVıI.
yüzyıllarda Bucak bozkınnın merkezi' bölümünde yaşam süren Nogaylar
Bucak Tatarları veya Bucaklar olarak adlandınlmışlardır.
Bucak, Eski Türkçe bıç- 'kesıp.ek, biçmek' eyleminden -/[-a/[- eylemden ad
yapım ekiyle oluşturulmuştur, bkz. buçga:k (Sevortyan 1978: 282-83).
4. Dobrudja (Dobruca)
Bucak'ın sol kıyısına komşu olan bölgenin adı olan Dobruca (Rom.
D6brogea, BuL. JI. o6pyôJ/Ca /dobrudja/) Fasmer'e göre Tü.Bul.
*ôo6pomut.ta 'terra Dobrodici' ile ilgili olmalıdır. Dobruca, Slavca doblö
'iyi (Ô06pblU)' veya dobrice 'taşlık, verimsiz kurak toprak' sözlerine de
gidebilir. Gerçekten de xıv-xv. yüzyıllardaki Latince, Yunanca belgelerde
Dobrodice, Terrarum Dobrodicii, Dobritze ve o[3po'tlKtü) ... XOJpav
adlany la karşılaşılmaktadır.
1903'te G. Denesku Dobruca adının Slavca dob1ô ve TürkITat. bucak
,sözlerinin birleşimiyle, *dobr( ob )uca(k) ara şeklinden çıktığını öne
sürmüştür. Tabii öte yandan Dobruca adı, Slavca *dobrotiça ve OğuzIPeçen.
bu-dza/[- 'bu taraf, bu yaka' sözlerinin etkisiyle, bir tür halk etimolojisi
yoluyla, Osmanlıca bucak 'bucak, köşe' sözüne yaklaştırılarak ortaya
çıkmış olabilir.

(lieccapa6W1, lior~aııWl, liY~X<aK, .IJ:06pY):QKa) 1

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