Halaman Judul

THE INDONES
I
SIAN INT
TEREST IN EFFOR
RT TO FIG
GHT
AG
GAINST WHO
W
VIR
RUS SHAR
RING MECHANISM
M
AN UNDERG
GRADUATE THES
SIS
W
Written
by :
ANNISA
A HASTYA UTAMI
U
2
20050510143
3
IN
NTERNAT
TIONAL R
RELATIO
ONS DEPA
ARTMENT
FACULTY OF
F SOCIAL
L AND PO
OLITICAL
L SCIENC
CES
HAMMADIYAH UN
NIVERSIT
TY OF YO
OGYAKAR
RTA
MUH
2009
ENDORSEMENT PAGE
This Undergraduate Thesis entitled:
The Indonesian Interest in Effort to Fight Against WHO Virus Sharing
Mechanism
Written by:
Annisa Hastya Utami
20050510143
This undergraduate thesis has been examined and endorsed by the Board of
Examiners from the Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and
political Sciences, Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta
On
Day/ Date : Tuesday, May 5th, 2009
Time
: 08.00 a.m.
Place
: Examination Room of International Relations D
Acknowledged by,
Advisor/Chief of Examiner
Adde Marup Wirasenjaya, SIP
Examiner I
Winner Agung Pribadi, MA.
Examiner II
Drs. Djumadi M. Anwar., M.Si
Dedication Page
This Thesis is especially dedicated for:
My beloved parents, Hisam A. Latief and Esti Sudiastuti,
Thanks for the gorgeous love and understanding that will never
end. Thanks for motivations that you are always give to me.
All my huge family, thanks for the support
Special Thanks To:
ƒ
Wo bou be, Tomy Rahadian Rahman, I tried my hardest just to say the
words I never said. Maybe someday I’ll find the way do say what you
mean to me.
ƒ
My “Duo Best Super Pawang” Festy Soebagyo and Olin Nurlaili JA.
Thanks for always picking me up when I was down. Please don’t forget
the key word to “knock” me…(snap…snap…snap…), You are just call
out my name I'll come running to see you are again and I'll be there to
see our dreams come true.
ƒ
My beloved the family of KOMAHI UMY, big thanks for support, help,
advice, happiness, and share my little stories in the part of my life. You
are the best I ever had. I hope all the best for you all.
9
Kakak-Kakak Alumni KOMAHI UMY
9
KOMAHIers’05:
Tatas, Kokoh Fikri, Achui Tea, Lilin ‘Arin’, Tusdha, Imel, kang Fajar
‘pino’, coboy, ‘abang kompeni’ Irul, Nining, Mbakyu Antz, Mbokdhe
Pitan, Kuye, Wanda, Mbak Bintang, Mbokdhe Putri Sukardi, Papa Alfian,
Mbakyu Devi, Kak Azin, Hartz, ibay, Desyong, Mang Bram, Irvan,
Rantih, Barruni, Nova.
9
KOMAHIers ‘06&’07
Tami, Lisdya, Abel, Fikar, Dian, Roni, Enoy, Paras, Ratih, Rosdiana,
Sogan, Emma, Nurul, Ai, Anisa, Haryanti, Ayu, Zulhamdi, Ika, Nana, Nia,
Mia, Jessy, Adya, Amal, Galant, Fadli, Makbul, Pikri, Fany, Kimau,
Luk Luk, Niken, Dhani, Syilvi, Zainab, Kamal, Ery, Fuad, Aan, Anza,
Abbyzar, Ardhian, Jejen, Hani, Wahyu, Shandy, Yopi, Yudha, Jenggis,
Yusda, Dijje, Afrizal, Ira, Eny, Imam, Jonas, Lia, Aidha, Vidya.
ƒ
My lovely International Program classmates 2005 of International
Relations Department who have been a great friendship and inspire me to
do better.
ƒ
All of my friends, especially in Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta,
thanks to make my life colorful.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb
I would like to express my gratitude to Allah SWT for the gift of strength,
patience, and determination in every my step with His guidance also let me to
finish my undergraduate thesis on this year.
I also acknowledge a deepest appreciation and thanks to:
•
Ir. H. Dasron Hamid, M. Sc as the Head of Muhammadiyah University of
Yogyakarta.
•
Prof. DR. Tulus Warsito as the Dean of Social and Political Sciences
Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta.
•
Grace Lestariana W., SIP., M. Si as the Head of International Relations
Department of Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta.
•
Siti Muslikhati., SIP., M. Si as the Secretary of International Relations
Department of Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta.
•
Adde Marup Wirasenjaya., SIP for kindly sharing his time to supervise me
and give a lot contribution to my research.
•
Winner Agung Pribadi., SIP., MA for advice and endorse my research.
•
Drs. Djumadi M. Anwar., M. Si for examines and endorses my research.
•
All of the Lecturers in International Relations Department of
Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta.
•
Jati Suryanto., S. Pd for checking the English expression in my writing.
•
Mr. Djumari as the Student Service in International Relations Department
of Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta who has been very patient in
assist administration process.
•
Mrs. Atik as the Student Service in International Program of International
Relations Department of Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta.
•
All of the Staff and Official in Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta.
•
My beloved Parents.
•
My friends in International Program 2005 of International Relations
Department of Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta.
•
For anyone who support me.
I am supposing that this thesis is less than perfect, there are need critics for
any error that may happen.
Annisa Hastya Utami
May 2009
PREFACE
This undergraduate thesis tried to discuss about The Indonesian Interest in
Effort to Fight Against WHO Virus Sharing Mechanism. As a sovereign nation,
Indonesia should encourage the spirit of freedom from suppression, colonialism
and nation struggle to become an equality respected with other nations. In the
rapid of nation development, Indonesia facing world challenges that is growing
more complex. One of the challenges is over come in the health problems that
become serious attention in developing countries, because it related to human
survival as a nation that could be expected to give his work for the nation. Health
problems that break in developing countries are the appearing of viruses that
happen as pandemic.
Appropriate mechanisms to resolve pandemic which set by the WHO, the
country as the virus owner is required to send a specimens virus to do research for
the human interest in the world. However, the WHO treats viruses such as
commodity trade with commercialized after a vaccine. The cheating system is
known at the end of 2006 when H5N1 avian influenza virus spreading in entire
the world and the virus treating, using the system or mechanism known as the
GISN (Global Influenza Surveillance Network). Indonesia goes forward as the
pioneer for recommend the WHO to change virus sharing’s mechanism for a new
fair mechanism, transparent and Equal.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE …………………………………………………………
i
ENDORSEMENT PAGE ……………………………………………
ii
DEDICATION PAGE ………………………………………….……
iii
SPECIAL THANKS TO ……………………………………….……
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT …………………………………………..
v
PREFACE ……………………………………………………………
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ……………………………………………..
viii
LIST OF TABLE ……………………………………..……………...
xi
CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION
A. Background ……………………………………………………
1
B. Research Question …………………………………………….. 8
C. Purpose and Benefit of Research ………..…………………….
8
D. Theoretical framework ………………………………………… 9
E. Hypothesis …………………………………………………….. 16
F. Range of the Research ………………………………………… 17
G. Method of Research …………………………………………...
17
H. System of Writing ……………………………………………..
18
CHAPTER II –VIRUSES AS A NEW SITE IN INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS ................................................................................................... 20
A.
The Global Spreading of Virus .................................................. 21
Globalization Spread Risks .................................................... 21
The History of Global Epidemic Spreading ........................... 24
Infectious Disease in a Modernizing World ........................... 32
B.
The Global Response of Spread Viruses Risks ......................... 35
Global Response ..................................................................... 35
Global Infectious Disease Surveillance .................................. 38
International Health Regulations…… .................................... 40
CHAPTER III – THE MECHANISM OF WHO VIRUS SHARING ............. 43
A.
The Prevention of World Pandemic .......................................... 45
Identify of a New Pandemic ................................................... 45
Developing Countries Identify For New Virus Sharing System
................................................................................................ .48
B.
WHO Surveillance and Monitoring ........................................... .49
Sharing Viruses to Stop a Global Pandemic ........................... .49
WHO’s Regulation On Patents Involving Viruses. ................ .55
CHAPTER IV - INDONESIAN EFFORT TO FIGHT AGAINST WHO VIRUS
SHARING MECHANISM ....................................................... .69
A.
Indonesian Perception of WHO’s Virus Sharing Mechanism
............................................................................................. ...72
B.
Indonesian Effort in International Level.............................. ...79
C.
The Impact of Indonesia To Change The WHO Virus Sharing
Mechanism ........................................................................... …95
CHAPTER V – CONCLUSION ………………………………………..….…..104
REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………. …. 108
APPENDIXES ……………………………………………………….............. 115
List of Table
ƒ
Table 1 …………………………………………………………30
Data of Spreading of HPAI Viruses Since December 2003
ƒ
Table 2 …………………………………………………………47
WHO Phases of a Global Pandemic