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Kaynaklar
1-Perioff JK, Warnes CA. Challenges posed by adults with repaired congenital heart disease.
Circulation 2001;103:2637-43
2-Cannesson M, Collange V, Lehot JJ. Anesthesia in adult patients with congenital heart
disease. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2009;22:88-94
3-Lee C, Mason L. Complications in pediatric anesthesia. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2006;19:262267
4-Cannesson M, Earing M.G, Collange V, Kersten J.D. Anesthesia for noncardiac surgery in
adults with congenital heart disease. Anesthesiology 2009;111:432-40
5-6PSHOPDQQ52VWKDXs W.A. The pediatric cardiac patient presenting for noncardiac
surgery. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2007;20:216-220
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tedavisinde yeni ufuklar. Turk Gogus Kalp Dama 2011;19(Suppl 2):27-32.
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$OÕúNDQOÕNODUÕQÕQ'H÷HUOHQGLULOPHVLGeriatri Dergisi 2001; 4: 100±6.
2.
http://www.akilciilac.gov.tr/content.php?Id=23.
3.
http://www.fda.gov/
4.
http://bulten.hasuder.org.tr/index.php/hg/article/download/291/488
5. Hug BL, Witkowski DJ, Sox, Colin M et al. Adverse Drug Event Rates in Six Community Hospitals and
the Potential Impact of Computerized Physician Order Entry for Prevention, Journal of General Internal
Medicine 2010; 25: 31±8.
6.
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10. Phillips DP. Morbidity and Mortality from Medical Errors: an Increasingly Serious Public Health
Problem. Annual Review of Public Health 2002; 23: 135-50.
11. 3ÕQDU1hONHPL]GHøODo+DUFDPDODUÕøQ|QhQLYHUVLWHVL7ÕS)DNOWHVL'HUJLVL 2012; 19: 59-65.
12. g]oHOLND\*$NÕOFÕLODoNXOODQÕPՁ]HULQHELUSLORWoDOÕúPDAnkara Ecz Fak Dergisi 2001; 30: 9-18.
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Toraks 2012; 60: 123-28.
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Kaynaklar:
1. Slinger P, Kilpatrick B. Perioperative Lung Protection Strategies in Cardiothoracic
Anesthesia: Are They Useful? Anesthesiology Clin 30 (2012) 607±628
2. Searl CP, Perrino A. Fluid Management in Thoracic Surgery. Anesthesiology Clin 30
(2012) 641±655
3. Piette E, Daoust R, Denault A. Basic concepts in the use of thoracic and lung
ultrasound. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 26 (2013) 20-30
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Kaynaklar:
1. Taylor CA: Surgical hypothermia. Pharmacol. Ther. 38: 169, 1988.
2. Garrat KN, Morgan JP. Cardiology Fundamentals and Practice 2nd. ed. Vol 2 Chap. 33,
1991;pp: 1150-58.
3. Cason B.A., Wisneski J.A., Neese R.A. Effects of high oxygen tension on function blood
flow distribution, and metabolism in ischemic myocardium. Circulation 1992 Feb; 85
(2): 828-38.
27
'P)m^<>WDZE^d7szK)hE</DZE)7ϭϵ͘h>h^><KE'Z^7
4. Parsonnet V, Dean D, Bernstein AD. A method of uniform stratification of risk for
evaluating the results of surgery in acquired adult heart disease.Circulation
1989;79(suppl I):I-3-1-12.
5. Ranucci M, De Toffol B, Isgro G, Romitti F, Conti D, Vicentini M. Hyperlactatemia during
cardiopulmonary bypass:determinants and impact on postoperative outcome. Crit Care
Med 2006; 10(6)
6. Madias NE, Goorno We, Herson S: Severe lactic acidosis as a presenting feature of
pheochromocytoma. Am J Kidney Dis 1987; 10:250-253.
7. Demers P, Elkouri S, Martineau R, et al. Outcome with high blood lactate levels during
cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2000;70:2082-2086
8. Raper RF, Cameron G, Walker D, et al. Type B lactic acidosis following cardiopulmonary
bypass. Crit Care Med 1997; 25:46-51. 4. Totaro R, Raper RF. Epinephrine induced
lactic acidosis
28
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Loor G et all: Implications and management of anemia in cardiac surgery: Current state
of knowledge. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 144: 538-46
Spahn DR et all: Transfusion in the cardiac patient. Crit Care Clin 2004;20: 269-79
Vallet B et all: Venous oxygen saturation as a physiologic transfusion trigger. Critical
Care 2010; 14: 213-17
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Kaynaklar:
1- van Deursen VM, Damman K, Hillege HL, van Beek AP, van Veldhuisen DJ, Voors AA.
Abnormal liver function in relation to hemodynamic profile in heart failure patients. J
Card Fail. 2010 Jan;16(1):84-90.
2- Lau GT, Tan HC, Kritharides L.Type of liver dysfunction in heart failure and its relation
to the severity of tricuspid regurgitation. Am J Cardiol. 2002 Dec 15;90(12):1405-9.
3- Naschitz JE, Slobodin G, Lewis RJ, Zuckerman E, Yeshurun D. Heart diseases affecting
the liver and liver diseases affecting the heart. Am Heart J. 2000 Jul;140(1):111-20
38
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Coronary Artery Disease Prior to Liver Transplantation. Am J Transpl 2009; 9: 1151-57.
Donovan CL, Marcovitz PA, Jeffrey DP, et al. Two- dimensional and dobutamine stress
echocardiography in the preoperative assessment of patients with end-stage liver disease
prior to orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplantation 1996; 617: 1180-8.
Thielmann M, Mechmet A, 1HXKlXVHU0 et al. Risk prediction and outcomes in patients
with liver cirrhosis undergoing open-heart surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2010; 38: 5929.
Arif R, Seppelt P, Schwill S Predictive risk factors for patients with cirrhosis undergoing
heart surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 94: 1947-52.
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+HU LNL JUXSWD NOHPS NDONPDVÕ VRQUDVÕ KHP VD÷ KHP GH VRO VHUHEUDO RNVLPHWUL GH÷HUOHULQLQ
\NVHOPHVL LVWDWLNVHO RODUDN DQODPOÕ EXOXQGX .OHPS NDONPDVÕ VRQUDVÕ YH RSHUDV\RQ VRQX VRO
VHUHEUDORNVLPHWULGH÷HUOHULUHM\RQHODQHVWH]LLOHRSHUHRODQKDVWDODUGDJHQHODQHVWH]LLOHRSHUH
RODQKDVWDODUGDQGDKD\NVHNEXOXQGX
2SHUDV\RQ VÕUDVÕQGD NRPSOLNDV\RQ JHOLúLPL RSHUDV\RQ VUHOHUL YH NURVV-NOHPS VUHOHULQH
EDNÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD KHU LNL JUXS DUDVÕQGD LVWDWLVWLNVHO RODUDN DQODPOÕ ELU IDUN \RNWX 3RVWRSHUDWLI
NRPSOLNDV\RQ JHOLúLPL JHQHO DQHVWH]L LOH RSHUH HGLOHQ KDVWDODUGD UHM\RQHO DQHVWH]L LOH RSHUH
HGLOHQ KDVWDODUGDQ \NVHN EXOXQGX S 7DEOR 2SHUDV\RQ VRQUDVÕ KDVWDODUÕQ
KDVWDQHGH NDOÕú VUHOHUL DoÕVÕQGDQ KHU LNL JUXS DUDVÕQGD IDUN EXOXQPDPÕúNHQ \R÷XQ EDNÕP
WDNLS VUHOHUL NDUúÕODúWÕUÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD UHM\RQHO DQHVWH]L LOH RSHUH RODQ KDVWDODUÕQ GDKD NÕVD VUH
\R÷XQEDNÕPWDNLELJHUHNWL÷LJ|UOPúWU
6218d dDOÕúPDPÕ]GDSRVWRSHUDWLINRPSOLNDV\RQRUDQÕQÕQ\R÷XQEDNÕPGDNDOÕúVUHVLQLQYH
PRUWDOLWH RUDQÕQÕQ GDKD D] ROPDVÕ \DQÕVÕUD KDVWDQÕQ X\DQÕN ROPDVÕ VHEHEL\OH LQWUDRSHUDWLI
Q|URORMLNNRPSOLNDV\RQODUÕQGDKDL\LGH÷HUOHQGLULOHELOPHVLUHM\RQHODQHVWH]L\|QWHPLQLQNDURWLV
HQGDUWHUHNWRPLRSHUDV\RQODUÕQGDWHUFLKHGLOHELOHFHNELU\|QWHPROGX÷XQXJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU
Anahtar Kelimeler: Karotis endarterektomi, genel anestezi, servikal blokaj.
58
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Tablo 1: Postop Komplikasyon *HOLúHQ+DVWDODUÕQ'D÷ÕOÕPÕ
Genel Rejyonel
(n)
(n)
Hipertansiyon
6
3
.DQDPD\DED÷OÕUHYL]\RQ 1
1
%XODQWÕ-kusma
0
1
Exitus
2
0
1|URORMLN.RPSOLNDV\RQ
1
0
3RVWRS.RPSOLNDV\RQ*HOLúHQ+DVWDODUÕQ'D÷ÕOÕPÕ
59
'P)m^<>WDZE^d7szK)hE</DZE)7ϭϵ͘h>h^><KE'Z^7
60
'P)m^<>WDZE^d7szK)hE</DZE)7ϭϵ͘h>h^><KE'Z^7
*göh6.$/3'$0$5$1(67(=ø9(<2ö81%$.,0'(51(öø
8/86$/.21*5(6ø
6g=/h6818<$5,ù0$6,
17 MAYIS 2013, CUMA
11:30 ± 12:30
61
'P)m^<>WDZE^d7szK)hE</DZE)7ϭϵ͘h>h^><KE'Z^7
62
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SSY-01
ON-PUMP KORONER ARTER B<3$66*5()7/(0(*(døREN HASTALARDA METAB2/ø.
SENDROMUN PULMONER .203/ø.$6<21/$5h=(5ø1((7.ø6ø
ùHEQHP%DQXùDUDo 7OD\gUNL$WDNDQ(UNÕOÕQo+DOLGH2÷Xú5H]DQ<DOWÕUÕN7XQFHU.RoDN
.DUWDO.RúX\ROX<NVHNøKWLVDV(÷LWLPYH$UDúWÕUPD+DVWDQHVL$QHVWH]L\RORMLYH5HDQLPDV\RQ
.OLQL÷LøVWDQEXO
7P GQ\DGD PHWDEROLN VHQGURP VÕNOÕ÷Õ DUWPDNWDGÕU 0HWDEROLN VHQGURP NRPSRQHQWOHULQGHQ
RODQ REH]LWH GLVOLSLGHPL NDQ EDVÕQFÕ DUWÕúÕ KLSHUJOLVHPL KHU ELUL EHOLUJLQ RODUDN HQGRWHO
disfonksiyonuna neden olurlar. Hem metabolik sendrom hem de koroner arter bypass
greftleme operasyRQODUÕ SXOPRQHU IRQNVL\RQODUGD GH÷LúLNOLN PH\GDQD JHWLUHUHN SXOPRQHU
KDVWDOÕNODUÕQRUWD\DoÕNPDVÕQDQHGHQROXUODUdDOÕúPD\DNRURQHUDUWHUE\SDVVJUHIWOHPH&$%*
RSHUDV\RQX JHoLUHQ KDVWD GDKLO HGLOGL 0HWDEROLN VHQGURP WDQÕVÕ LoLQ EHO oHYUHVL
erkekOHUGH !FP NDGÕQODUGD!FP WULJOLVHULG G]H\L! PJGO +'/ G]H\LQLQ
HUNHNOHUGHPJGO NDGÕQODUGDPJGO NDQ EDVÕQFÕQÕQ ! PP+J DoOÕN NDQ
úHNHULQLQ! PJGOPDGGHOHULQGHQWDQHVLQLQEXOXQPDVÕNRúXOXQDEDNÕOGÕ7PKDVWDODUD
SUHRSHUDWLIKHPRJUDPYHEL\RNLP\DWHWNLNOHULYHVROXQXPIRQNVL\RQWHVWL\DSÕOGÕøQWUDRSHUDWLI
J|]OHP YH RSHUDV\RQD DLW YHULOHU SRVWRSHUDWLI \R÷XQ EDNÕP WDNLSOHUL YH KDVWDQHGHQ WDEXUFX
edilene kadar ki seyirleri kaydedildi.
&$%* RSHUDV\RQX JHoLUHQ KDVWDQÕQ ¶LQGH PHWDEROLN VHQGURP VDSWDQGÕ +DVWDODU
metabolik sendromu olan [MetS(+)] ve olmayanlar [MetS(-@ RODUDN LNL\H D\UÕOGÕ
.DUGL\RSXOPRQHU E\SDVV VUHVL DRUWLN NURV NOHPS YH RSHUDV\RQ VUHVL DoÕVÕQGDQ LNL JUXS
benzer bulundu.
MetS (+) olan grupta YFXW NWOH LQGHNVL VHUXP OLSLG G]H\L GL\DEHW |\NV 0HW6 -) olan
JUXED J|UH DQODPOÕ RODUDN \NVHN EXOXQGX +DVWDODUÕQ \R÷XQ EDNÕPGD NDOÕú YH HNVWEDV\RQD
GHN JHoHQ VUHOHUL DoÕVÕQGDQ LNL JUXS DUDVÕQGD DQODPOÕ ELU IDUN EXOXQPDGÕ
MetS (+) olan grupta SRVWRSHUDWLI G|QHPGH DWHOHNWD]L YH SQ|PRQL J|UOPH \]GHVL YH
KDVWDQHGH NDOÕú VUHOHUL 0HW6 - JUXED J|UH DQODPOÕ RODUDN GDKD \NVHN EXOXQGX
6RQXo RODUDN PHWDEROLN VHQGURPXQ NRURQHU DUWHU E\SDVV JUHIW RSHUDV\RQX JHoLUHQOHUGH
postoperatif komplikasyonlDUGDQ DWHOHNWD]L ROXúXPX YH SQ|PRQL JHOLúLPL ]HULQH GDKD HWNLOL
ROGX÷XNDQÕVÕQDYDUGÕN
Anahtar Kelimeler: Koroner
komplikasyonlar
arter
bypass
greftleme,
Metabolik
senrdrom,
7DEOR,'HPRJUDILNYHULOHUYH(úOLNHGHQ+DVWDOÕNODU
Grup
Grup Met S (-) (n =108) Grup Met S(+) (n =245)
<Dú\ÕO
“
“
Cins (K/E)
22/86
27/218
Euro skoru
“
“
BMI (m2)
“
“
EF ( %)
48
50
Diyabetes Melitus (%)
6,1
55,2*
63
Pulmoner
'P)m^<>WDZE^d7szK)hE</DZE)7ϭϵ͘h>h^><KE'Z^7
Dislipidemi (%)
45,5
60,3*
Anstabil anjina
12
15
MI (%)
43,5
41,8
OAB (mmHg)
75,8
88,9*
6LJDUD|\NV
27,3
22,9
6ROXQXPVLVWHPLKDVWDOÕNODUÕ
14
18
5HQDOKDVWDOÕNODU
12
15
6HUHEUDOYDVNOHUKDVWDOÕNODU
1
3
3HULIHULNDUWHUKDVWDOÕ÷Õ
18
25
6RODQDNRURQHUDUWHUKDVWDOÕ÷Õ 2
3
*UHIWVD\ÕVÕ
“
“
*p<0.05
7DEOR,,øQWUDRSHUDWLI9HULOHU
Grup
Grup MetS(-) Grup MetS(+) p
&3%VUHVLGN
“
“ 0,4
$..VUHVLGN
“
“
0,5
“
0,5
2SHUDV\RQ6UHVLGN “
CPB: Kardiyopulmoner bypass, AKK: Aortik kros klemp
7DEOR,,,3XOPRQHU.RPSOLNDV\RQODUÕQGD÷ÕOÕPÕ
Grup
MetS (-) (n=108) MetS(+) (n=245)
Atelektazi
20
78*
3OHYUDOHII]\RQ
7
18
3Q|PRQL
2
16*
3XOPRQHU|GHP
8
18
3Q|PRWRUDNV
4
8
Hemotoraks
7
14
Pulmoner Emboli -
-
*p<0.05
64
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SSY-02
752ø7&(55$+ø6ø1'(16215$326723(5$7ø)(5.(1'g1(0'(92.$/
.25'/$5,1'(ö(5/(1'ø5ø/0(6ø1'(<(1ø%ø57(.1ø.%21)ø/6(17hBASYON
)ø%(526.23ø
.DVÕP7X]FX10XUDW.DUFÕR÷OX1,úÕO'DYDUFÕ16HGDW+DNLPR÷OX1, Onur Koyuncu1,
$NÕQ$\GR÷DQ2, Muhyittin Temiz2&HQJL]dHYLN36HOLP7XUKDQR÷OX1
1
0XVWDID.HPDOhQLYHUVLWHVL$QHVWH]L\RORMLYH5HDQLPDV\RQ+DWD\
2
0XVWDID.HPDOhQLYHUVLWHVL*HQHO&HUUDKL+DWD\
3
0XVWDID.HPDOhQLYHUVLWHVL.XODN%XUXQ%R÷D]+DWD\
7URLW FHUUDKLOHULQGH DQHVWH]LVWLQ EDúOÕFD HQGLúHVL KDYD\ROX \|QHWLPL LOH LOJLOL SUREOHPOHU LNHQ
FHUUDKLLúOHPHED÷OÕRODUDNNDQDPDKLSRSDUDWURLGL]PYHUHNUUHQWODULQJHDOVLQLU5/1KDVDUÕ
JLEL NRPSOLNDV\RQODU VÕN J|UOU %X oDOÕúPD WURLW FHUUDKLVLQGHQ sonra postoperatif erken
G|QHPGH YRNDO NRUGODUÕQ GH÷HUOHQGLULOPHVL LoLQ X\JXODQDQ 0DFLQWRVK ODULQJRVNRSL LOH %RQILO
HQWEDV\RQ ILEHURVNRSL %,) WHNQLNOHULQLQ YRNDO NRUGODUÕ J|UQWOHPH EDúDUÕODUÕQÕ
NDUúÕODúWÕUPDN LoLQ GL]D\Q HGLOGL $\UÕFD KDVWD NRQIRUXQD YH KHPRGLQDPLN \DQÕWD HWNLOHUL
NDUúÕODúWÕUÕOGÕ (OHNWLI RODUDN WURLW FHUUDKLVL X\JXODQDFDN \DúODUÕ - DUDVÕQGD $6$ ,-II risk
JUXEX |WURLW WRSODP KDVWD oDOÕúPD\D DOÕQGÕ 3UHRSHUDWLI G|QHPGH ROJXODUÕQ PDOOHQSDWL
VÕQÕIODPDVÕ WLURPHQWDO PHVDIH VWHUQRPHQWDO PHVDIH PDNVLPXP D÷Õ] DoÕNOÕ÷Õ ER\XQ oHYUHVL
ER\XQ HNOHPLQLQ KDUHNHWOLOL÷L ND\GHGLOGL %WQ ROJXODUD DQHVWH]L LQGNVL\RQXQGD HQWEDV\RQ
LoLQ 0DFLQWRVK ODULQJRVNREXQ X\JXQ ER\GDNL EODGH¶L NXOODQÕOGÕ &RUPDFN DQG /HKDQH VNRUX LOH
JORWWLVLQ J|UQú ND\GHGLOGL 7P KDVWDODUGD HNVWEDV\RQ VRQUDVÕ YRNDO NRUGODUÕQ J|UQP
KHPPDFLQWRVKODULQJRVNRSODKHPGH%,)LOHGH÷HUOHQGLULOGL&RUPDFK-Lehane skoru not edildi.
+DVWDODUÕQ PDFLQWRVK ODULQJRVNRS YH %,) WHNQLNOHULQH NDUúÕ YHUGLNOHUL UHDNVL\RQODU EHú SXDQOÕ
KDVWD UHDNWLYLWH VNRUX LOH GH÷HUOHQGLULOGL $\UÕFD KHPRGLQDPLN \DQÕW ND\GHGLOGL %X oDOÕúPDGD
WUDNHDO HNVWEDV\RQ VRQUDVÕ YRNDO NRUGODUÕQ J|UQWOHQPHVLQGH %,) 0DFLQWRVK ODULQJRVNRED
J|UH LVWDWLVWLNVHO RODUDN GDKD EDúDUÕOÕ EXOXQGX S %,) LOH ³KDVWD UHDNWLYLWH VNRUX´QXQ
0DFLQWRVKODULQJRVNREDJ|UHLVWDWLVWLNVHORODUDNGDKDGúNROGX÷XJ|]OHQGL$\UÕFD0DFLQWRVK
ODULQJRVNRSL HVQDVÕQGDNL 0$3 %,)¶D J|UH LVWDWLVWLNVHO RODUDN DUWPÕúWÕ S 6RQXo RODUDN
WURLW FHUUDKLVLQGHQ VRQUD WUDNHDO HNVWEDV\RQXQ HUNHQ G|QHPLQGH YRNDO NRUGODUÕQ
GH÷HUOHQGLULOPHVL HVQDVÕQGD %,)¶ ÕQ 0DFLQWRVK ODULQJRVNRSWDQ GDKD L\L JORWWDO J|Uú VD÷OD\ÕS
GDKD D] KDVWD UDKDWVÕ]OÕ÷ÕQD YH KHPRGLQDPLN \DQÕWD QHGHQ ROGX÷X J|UOG %,)¶ ÕQ JHQHO
DQHVWH]LGHQ X\DQPD HVQDVÕQGD YRNDO NRUGODUÕQ J|UQWOHQPHVLQGH L\L ELU VHoHQHN RODELOHFH÷L
NDQÕVÕQDYDUÕOGÕ
Anahtar Kelimeler: YRFDONRUG%RQILOVHQWEDV\RQILEHURVNRSLWURLWFHUUDKLVL.
65
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SSY-03
.21-(1ø7$/.$/3&(55$+ø6ø8<*8/$1$13('ø<$75ø.2/*8/$5'$
+ø323(5)h=<217$.ø%øNDE SEREBRAL 2.6ø0(75ø.8//$1,0,
Fatma Ukil1)LOL]&RúNXQ1, 7UNDQ.XGVLR÷OX1, Zeliha Tuncel1, Sezer Karabulut1,
%X÷UD+DUPDQGDU21LKDQ<DSÕFÕ1=XKDO$\NDo1
1
6L\DPL(UVHN*.'&(÷LWLPYH$UDúWÕUPD+DVWDQHVL$QHVWH]L\RORMLYH5HDQLPDV\RQ.OLQL÷L
øVWDQEXO
2
Siyami (UVHN*.'&(÷LWLPYH$UDúWÕUPD+DVWDQHVL.DOSYH'DPDU&HU.OLQL÷LøVWDQEXO
.RQMHQLWDONDOSFHUUDKLVL\DSÕODQKDVWDODUGDGRNXYH RUJDQSHUI]\RQXQXQ\HWHUOLOL÷LYHEXQXQ
WDNLEL FHUUDKL DQHVWH]L YH SHUI]\RQ WHNQLNOHULQGH JHOLúPHOHUH NDUúÕQ NDOS FHUUDKLVLQLQ |QHPOL
VRUXQODUÕQGDQ ROPD\D GHYDP HWPHNWHGLU g]HOOLNOH NRQMHQLWDO NDOS FHUUDKLVL YH VRQUDVÕQGD
\HWHUVL] SHUI]\RQD ED÷OÕ KLSRNVHPL YH LVNHPL VÕNOÕNOD J|]OHQPHNWHGLU 3HGL\DWULN ROJXODUÕQ
SHUI]\RQ \HWHUOLOL÷LQLQ SHURSHUDWLI G|QHPGH GH÷HUOHQGLULOPHVLQGH LQYD]LY DUWHU NDQ EDVÕQFÕ
VDQWUDO YHQ EDVÕQFÕ WDNLEL JLEL KHPRGLQDPLN PRQLWRUL]DV\RQ \DQÕQGD NDQ JD]ODUÕ DQDOL]L NDQ
ODNWDW G]H\LQLQ UXWLQWDNLEL YH VDDWOLN LGUDU WDNLEL \DSÕOPDNWDGÕU %X PRQLWRUL]DV\RQ WHNQLNOHUL
LOH FHUUDKL HVQDVÕQGD ROXúDELOHFHN KDVDUÕQ HQ D]D LQGLULOPHVL DPDoODQPDNWDGÕU .RQMHQLWDO
NDOS FHUUDKLVLQGH JOREDO SHUI]\RQX GH÷HUOHQGLUPHN JHUHNPHNWHGLU +LSRSHUI]\RQD ED÷OÕ
PH\GDQDJHOHQNRPSOLNDV\RQODUKDVWDQHGHNDOÕúVUHVLQLX]DWPDNWDRQELQOHUOHLIDGHHGLOHELOHQ
PDOL\HWLDUWWÕUPDNWDGÕU
$PDFÕPÕ] oDOÕúPDPÕ]GD NRQMHQLWDO NDOS FHUUDKLVL X\JXODQDQDFDN SHGL\DWULN KDVWDODUGD
VHUHEUDO RNVLPHWUL PRQLW|UL]DV\RQX X\JXODPDVÕQÕQ VHUHEUDO RNVLMHQ GHQJHVL]OL÷LQL WDQÕPODPD
JHUHNOL G]HOWLFL JLULúLPOHULQ JHUoHNOHúWLULOPHVL YH JHUL ELOGLULP PHNDQL]PDVÕ LOH VHoLOHQ WHGDYL
\|QWHPLQLQHWNLQOL÷LQLQEHOLUOHQPHVLGLU
+DVWDODUÕQ \Dú NLOR 9<$FLQVL\HW NDOS DWÕP KÕ]Õ RUWDODPD DUWHU EDVÕQFÕ VDQWUDO YHQ EDVÕQFÕ
YFXWÕVÕVÕ3D&23D2)ø26D2laktat, hemoglobin ve Serebral oksimetri (FORE-SIGHT)
\]GHVL VD÷- VRO HNVWEDV\RQ VUHVL \R÷XQ EDNÕP YH KDVWDQHGH NDOÕú VUHOHUL ND\GHGLOGL
Serebral
oksimetri
(FORE-SIG+7
\]GHVL
VD÷-VRO
GH÷HUOHUL
hemoglonin,
laktat,ScVO2.PaCO2,OAB ile korelasyonuQDEDNÕOGÕ
2OJXODUÕQ ODNWDW YH KHPRJORELQ GH÷HUOHUL LOH VHUHEUDO RNVLPHWUL |OoPOHUL DUDVÕQGD NRUHODV\RQ
VDSWDQPÕúWÕU
.RQMHQLWDO NDOS FHUUDKLVL \DSÕODQ PHUNH]OHUGH KLSRSHUI]\RQX EHOLUOHPH\H \|QHOLN VLVWHPOHULQ
NXOODQÕOPDVÕ JLGHUHN \D\JÕQODúPDNWDGÕU (WNLOL ELU GH÷HUOHQGLUPH VLVWHPLQLQ |QHPL JLGHUHN
DUWPDNWDGÕU
6RQXo RODUDN NRQMHQLWDO NDOS FHUUDKLVL X\JXODQDQ ROJXODUGD LQWUDRSHUDWLI G|QHPGH SHUI]\RQ
WDNLELQGHVHUHEUDORNVLPHWUHGH÷HUOHUL|QHPOLELUJ|VWHUJHGLU
Anahtar Kelimeler: serebral oksimetri, Konjenital kalp FHUUDKLVLKLSRSHUI]\RQ
66
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SSY-04
KORONER ARTER BYPASS &(55$+ø6ø1'(725$.$/ (3ø'85$/$1$/-(=øø/E
'(.60('(720ø'ø1ø1)h=<218181326723(5$7ø)(7.ø/(5ø1ø1
.$5ù,/$ù7,5,/0$6,
(QJLQ(UWUN1, Sibel Tetik1, Dilek Kutanis1$OL$NGR÷DQ1øVPHW'XUPXú2*|NDOSAltun3,
$KPHW%HúLU1$KPHW(UR÷OX1
1
.DUDGHQL]7HNQLNhQLYHUVLWHVL7ÕS)DNOWHVL$QHVWH]L\RORMLYH5HDQLPDV\RQ$'
2
.DUDGHQL]7HNQLNhQLYHUVLWHVL7ÕS)DNOWHVL.DUGL\RORML$'
3
.DUDGHQL]7HNQLNhQLYHUVLWHVL7ÕS)DNOWHVL.DOSYH'DPDU&HUUDKLVL$'
*ø5øù
7RUDNDO FHUUDKLOHUGH DOWÕQ VWDQGDUW RODUDN WDQÕPODQDQ HSLGXUDO DQDOMH]LQLQ DoÕN NDOS FHUUDKLVL
VRQUDVÕ NDUGL\RSXOPRQHU ROXPOX HWNLOHUL\OH L\L ELU KHPRGLQDPL VD÷ODGÕ÷Õ YH SXOPRQHU
NRPSOLNDV\RQODUÕ D]DOWWÕ÷Õ YXUJXODQPÕúWÕU 'HNVPHGHWRPLGLQ LVH DoÕN NDlp cerrahisinde
SRVWRSHUDWLI G|QHPGH VHGDV\RQ YH DQDOMH]L\L ELUOLNWH VD÷OD\DQ ROGXNoD HWNLOL Į-2 agonist bir
LODoWÕU %X oDOÕúPDGD NRURQHU DUWHU E\SDVV FHUUDKLVLQGH WRUDNDO HSLGXUDO DQDOMH]L LOH
GHNVPHGHWRPLGLQ LQI]\RQXQXQ SRVWRSHUDWLI HWNLOHULQLQ NDUúÕODúWÕUÕOPDVÕ DPDoODQPÕúWÕU
METOD:
.RURQHU E\SDVV \DSÕODFDN KDVWD HSLGXUDO DQDOMH]L YH GHNVPHGHWRPLGLQ LQI]\RQ JUXEX
*UXS( *UXS' RODUDN LNL\H D\UÕOGÕ (SLGXUDO JUXEXQ NDWHWHUL]DV\RQX LQGNVL\RQ |QFHVL
\DSÕOGÕ 7P KDVWDODUÕQ LQGNVL\RQX WL\RSHQWDO (4-PJNJ IHQWDQLO —JNJ YH URNXURQ\XP
PJNJ LOH \DSÕOÕS LGDPH RNVLMHQ-KDYD NDUÕúÕPÕ LoLQGH - VHYRIOXUDQ LOH VD÷ODQGÕ
(SLGXUDO JUXED FHUUDKL EDúODQJÕFÕQGDQ SRVWRSHUDWLI VDDWH NDGDU GHYDP HGHQ -10 mg/sa
OHYREXSLYDNDLQLQI]\RQX\DSÕOGÕ'L÷HUJUXEXQLQWUDRSHUDWLIDQDOMH]LVL-—JVDIHQWDQLOLOH
VD÷ODQÕS SRVWRSHUDWLI G|QHPGH VDDWH NDGDU GHYDP HGHQ -—JNJVD
GHNVPHGHWRPLGLQ LQI]\RQX \DSÕOGÕ +DVWDODUÕQ GHPRJUDILN YH KHPRGLQDPLN YHULOHUL NDQ
JD]ODUÕ 9$6 GH÷HUOHUL YH HNVWEDV\RQ VUHOHUL ND\GHGLOGL 3RVRSHUDWLI VDDWH NDGDU +ROWHU
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67
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Postoperatif 4. saat Postoperatif 12. saat
Grup E
“
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Grup D
“ “
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3GH÷HUL 0,162
0,03
0,13
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Postoperatif 4. saat Postoperatif 12. saat
Grup E “ “8,94
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3GH÷HUL 0,288
0,239
0,028
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2. saat
4. saat
6. saat
12. saat
24. saat
48. saat
Grup E
“
0,92
“
0,92
“
0,97
“
1,09
“
1,07
“
0,98
“
0,90
“
0,48
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“
1,53
“
1,47
“
1,20
“
1,25
“
1,34
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1,07
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0,77
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0,56
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Var: 9
Yok: 11
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Var: 9
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Var: 9
Yok: 11
3GH÷HUL 0,88
0,97
68
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“
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Kardiak
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%/2&.)253$ø10$1$*EMENT AFTER THORACOTOMY
*|QO6D÷ÕUR÷OX1, Ayse Baysal2, Osman Gazi Kiraz27DPHU6D÷ÕUR÷OX3, Burhan Meydan4,
Ahmet Erdal Tasci5
1
Department of Anesthesiology, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne - TURKEY
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øVWDQEXO- TURKEY
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Department of General Surgery, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne - TURKEY
4
Department of Anesthesiology, Sureyyapasa Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Hospital,
øVWDQEXO- TURKEY
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AIM: We aimed to compare the efficacy of continuous use of thoracic epidural and intercostal
block methods for post-thoracotomy pain.
MATERIALS-METHODS: Sixty patients completed a prospective, randomized, double-blinded
study. Patients were randomized to receive thoracic epidural (Group 1, n=30) or intercostal
block (Group 2, n=30) for 24 hours. In both groups, 0.5% bupivacaine was infused at a rate of
5 mL/hr from the inserted catheter. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate pain at
rest (VAS-R) and after coughing (VAS-C) at baseline, 1, 6 and 24 hours after surgery.
Morphine
consumption,
complications
and
side
effects
were
collected.
RESULTS: VAS-R and VAS-C scores were similar at baseline however, 1st, 6th and 24th hour
scores of Group 1 were significantly lower than Group 2 (for VAS-R; P=0.017, P=0.001,
P=0.023, for VAS-C; P=0.006, P=0.002, P=0.032, respectively). 24-hour morphine
consumption was less in Group 1 in comparison to Group 2 (P=0.032). In Group 1, 5 of 30
patients (17%) experienced hypotension compared with none in Group 2 (P=0.02).
CONCLUSION: For post-thoracotomy pain, thoracic epidural shows better control of analgesia,
however, intercostal block is an alternative method as it has less incidence of hypotension.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Pain, thoracotomy, continue thoracic epidural block, continue intercostal
nerve block, regional analgesia
84
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Table 1. The comparison of postoperative visual analog scale scores during rest
(VAS-R) at 0, 1, 6 and 24 hour postoperatively
Time
(hours)
Group
1
(n =
30)
Group
2
(n =
30)
Within group
comparison Group 1
(P**)
Within group
comparison Group 1
(P**)
Within group
comparison Group 2
(P**)
Basal
“
2.2
“
1.9
0.433
¨
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1
“
2.3
“
1.6
0.017*
<0.0001**
<0.0001**
6
“
2.3
“
1.8
0.001*
<0.0001**
<0.0001**
24
“
1.6
“
2.1
0.023*
<0.0001**
<0.0001**
*P < 0.05: statistically significant; group 1: thoracic epidural catheter, group 2: intercostal
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0.05; **comparison to basal value in group 1, P = 0.0001; **comparison to basal value in
group 2, P = 0.0001
Tablo 2: The comparison of postoperative visual analog scale scores during coughing
(VAS-C) at 0, 1, 6 and 24 hour postoperatively.
Time
(hours)
Group
1
(n =
30)
Group
2
(n =
30)
Grup 1 vs
Grup 2 (P*)
Within group
comparison Group 1
(P**)
Within group
comparison Group 2
(P**)
Basa
“
0.9
“
1.4
0.969
¨
¨
1
“
0.9
“
1.2
0.006*
<0.001**
<0.001**
6
“
0.8
“
1.5
0.002*
<0.001**
<0.001**
24
“
0.8
“
1.8
0.032*
<0.001**
<0.001**
*P < 0.05: statistically significant; group 1: thoracic epidural catheter, group 2: intercostal
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0.05; **comparison to basal value in group 1, P = 0.0001; **comparison to basal value in
group 2, P = 0.0001
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Table 1. The comparison of postoperative visual analog scale scores during rest (0
cm =
Time
(hours)
Visual Analogue Visual Analogue Between
Score
Score
Group (P*)
Within Group
EPI (P*)
Within Group
PVB (P*)
Group EPI
(n=30)
Group PVB
(n=30)
Basal
“
4.8 “
0.82
¨
¨
2
“
“
0.074
<.0014a
<.0001b
4
“
“
0.054
<.0001a
<.0001b
12
“
“
0.06
<.0001a
<.0001b
24
“
“
0.104
<.0001a
<.0001b
*p<0.05, statistically significant; values are median (range), DEVROXWHQXPEHUVRUPHDQ“
standard deviation; Group EPI: Thoracic epidural group, Group PVB: Paravertebral group;
aComparison to basal value in thoracic epidural group; bComparison to basal value in
paravertebral group.
Table 2. The comparison of postoperative visual analog scale scores during coughing
(0 cm = no pain, 10 cm = worst pain imaginable) in both groups*.
Time
(hours)
Visual Analogue Visual Analogue Between
Score
Score
Group (P*)
Within Group
EPI (P*)
Within Group
PVB (P*)
Group EPI
(n=30)
Group PVB
(n=30)
Basal
“
“
0.703
¨
¨
2
“
“
0.082
<.0001a
<.0001b
4
“
“
0.102
<.0001a
<.0001b
12
“
“
0.131
<.0001a
<.0001b
24
“
“
0.217
<.0001a
<.0001b
*p<0.05, VWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQLILFDQWYDOXHVDUHPHGLDQUDQJHDEVROXWHQXPEHUVRUPHDQ“
standard deviation; Group EPI: Thoracic epidural group, Group PVB: Paravertebral group;
aComparison to basal value in thoracic epidural group; bComparison to basal value in
paravertebral group.
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Table 3. Side effects related to postoperative analgesia and complications
Group EPI (n,%) Group PVB (n,%) P
Nausea and vomiting
2 (6.7)
6 (20)
0.129
Hypotension
8 (26.7)
2 (6.7)
0.038*
Bradycardia
4 (13.3)
1 (3.3)
0.161
Bronchopleural fistula
2 (6.7)
2 (6.7)
1
Rethoracotomy
4 (13.3)
1 (3.3)
0.161
In-hospital 30-day mortality 2 (6.7)
1 (3.3)
0.554
Respiratory complications
18 (60)
9 (30)
0.02*
Respiratory failure
5 (16.7)
1 (3.3)
0.085
Atelectasis
4 (13.3)
1 (3.3)
0.161
Pneumonia
4 (13.3)
2 (6.7)
0.389
Bronchoscopy and suction
0
1 (3.3)
0.313
Minitracheostomy
1 (3.3)
2 (6.7)
0.554
Reintubated
4 (13.3)
2 (6.7)
0.389
Group EPI: Thoracic epidural group, Group PVB: Paravertebral group, *P < 0.05: statistically
significant
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P-10
KORONER ARTER BAYPAS GREFTLEME YAPILACAK 'hùh.(-(.6ø<21)5$.6ø<21/8
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$VOÕ'HPLU1, g]FDQErdemli2
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FHYDS]HULQHRODQHWNLOHULQLQNDUúÕODúWÕUÕOPDVÕQÕDPDoODGÕN
MATERYAL-METOD:
ASA II-III riVN JUXEXQGD KDVWD oDOÕúPD\D DOÕQGÕ 2OJXODU LNL JUXED Q D\UÕOGÕ *UXS
)HQWDQLO¶GH LQGNVL\RQGD PJNJ OLGRNDLQ PJNJ HWRPLGDW —JNJ VQ EROXV GR]
VRQUDVÕ —JNJGN IHQWDQLO LQI]\RQX YH PJNJ URNXURQ\XP X\JXODQGÕ *UXS
RemifentaniO¶GH LQGNVL\RQGD PJNJ OLGRNDLQ PJNJ HWRPLGDW —JNJ VQ EROXV GR]
VRQUDVÕ —JNJGN 5HPLIHQWDQLO LQI]\RQX YH PJNJ URNXURQ\XP X\JXODQGÕ +HU LNL
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GH÷HUL ¶ \H GúHQH NDGDU YHULOGL (Q VRQ URNXURQ\XP X\JXODQGÕ 7P KDVWDODUÕQ 6$% '$%
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KDUHNHWYDUOÕ÷ÕGH÷HUOHQGLULOGL
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*UXSODUÕQ GHPRJUDILN YHULOHUL EHQ]HUGL 6$% '$% 2$% .+ 6$7 GH÷HUOHUL JUXSODU DUDVÕQGD
NDUúÕODúWÕUÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD 7 7 YH 7 G|QHPOHULQGH LVWDWLVWLNVHO RODUDN DQODPOÕ IDUN EXOXQPDGÕ
3! dDOÕúPDGD UHPLIHQWDQLO NXOODQÕPÕQGD NDOS GHELVLQGH GDKD ID]OD Gúú L]OHQPLúWLU
6218d
5HPLIHQWDQLONXOODQÕODUDN\DSÕODQELUoRNoDOÕúPDX\JXQGR]GDWLWUHHGLOHUHNYHULOGL÷LQGHIHQWDQLO
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94
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P-11
KORONER ARTER BAYPAS GREFTLEME YAPILACAK 'hùh.(-(.6ø<21)5$.6ø<21/8
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1NKHW%DGGDO1, hPLW.DUDGHQL]16RQHU<DYDú1, %úUD7H]FDQ1$VOÕ'HPLU1g]FDQ(UGHPOL2
1
7UNL\H<NVHNøKWLVDV(÷LWLPYH$UDúWÕUPD+DVWDQHVL
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YDNDODUGD NDUGL\DN GHEL YH RNVLMHQ VXQXPXQXQ HQ X\JXQ G]H\GH VUGUOPHVL DQHVWH]LQLQ
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VRQUDVÕ —JNJGN IHQWDQLO LQI]\RQX YH PJNJ URNXURQ\XP X\JXODQGÕ *UXS
5HPLIHQWDQLO¶GH LQGNVL\RQGD PJNJ OLGRNDLQ PJNJ HWRPLGDW —JNJ VQ EROXV GR]
VRQUDVÕ —JNJGN 5HPLIHQWDQLO LQI]\RQX YH PJNJ URNXURQ\XP X\JXODQGÕ +HU LNL
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KDUHNHWYDUOÕ÷ÕGH÷HUOHQGLULOGL
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*UXSODUÕQ GHPRJUDILN YHULOHUL EHQ]HUGL 6$% '$% 2$% .+ 6$7 GH÷HUOHUL JUXSODU DUDVÕQGD
NDUúÕODúWÕUÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD 7 7 YH 7 G|QHPOHULQGH LVWDWLVWLNVHO RODUDN DQODPOÕ IDUN EXOXQPDGÕ
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P-12
3('ø<$75ø..$5'ø<$..$7$7(5ø=$6<212/*8/ARINDA SEDASYON:
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GH÷HUOHQGLULOPHVLDPDoODQGÕ
MATERYAL VE METHOD
%X oDOÕúPDGD KDVWDQHPL]GH - WDULKOHUL DUDVÕQGD SHGLDWULN NDUGL\RORML
NOLQL÷LWDUDIÕQGDQ NDUGL\DN NDWDWHUL]DV\RQ X\JXODQDQ - \Dú DUDVÕ KDVWD GH÷HUOHQGLULOdi.
7P ROJXODUÕQ \Dú FLQVL\HW WDQÕ LúOHPLQ WDQÕVDO YH\D WHUDS|WLN DPDoOÕ \DSÕOÕS \DSÕOPDGÕ÷Õ
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BULGULAR
+DVWDODUÕQ \Dú RUWDODPDVÕ \ÕO-D÷ÕUOÕN RUWDODPDVÕ NJ -83),%44.4 erkek %56.4
NDGÕQ LGL +DVWDODUÕQ WDQÕODUÕ GH÷HUOHQGLULOGL÷LQGH 9HQWULNOHU 6HSWDO 'HIHNW Atriyal Septal Defekt, %12.5 Patent Ductus Arteriosus, %6 Tetra of Fallot,%3.2 Aort
.RDUNWDV\RQX NDOS NDSDN DQRUPDOOLNOHUL .DOS SLOL \HUOHúWLULOPHVL (36 *OHQQ ùDQWÕ YH GL÷HU NRPELQH SDWRORMLOHU ROGX÷X EHOLUOHQGL 3HGLDWULN NDWDWHUL]DV\RQ
X\JXODPDODUÕQÕQ VLQLQ GLDJQRVWLN DPDoOÕ \DSÕOÕUNHQ QQ WHUDS|WLN DPDoOÕ \DSÕOGÕ÷Õ
EHOLUOHQGL(QGRWUDNHDO HQWEDV\RQXQ ROJXGD ODU\QJHDO PDVNH
QLQ LVH ROJXGD
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propofol idi.
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DQHVWH]LN DMDQ DUD\ÕúÕ ELUoRN IDUNOÕ DMDQÕQ WHN EDúÕQD YH NRPELQH NXOODQÕPODUÕQD QHGHQ
ROPXúWXU%X oDOÕúPDGD KDVWDQHPL]GH VHGDV\RQ DPDoOÕ HQ VÕN .HWDPLQPLGD]RODP YH SURSRIRO
NXOODQÕOGÕ÷ÕQÕEHOLUOHGLN
Anahtar Kelimeler: Pediatrik kataterizasyon,sedasyon.
96
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P-13
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8PXW.|NVHO1, 1XUVHOùDKLQ2, Hanife Karakaya Kabukcu2gPHU%D\H]LG17OLQ$\GR÷GXTitiz2
1
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2
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ELUGHQ ID]OD NDWHJRUL\H D\UÕOÕS WDQÕPOD\ÕFÕ DQDOL] \DSÕODUDN oRN GH÷LúNHQOL SDUDPHWUHOHULQ
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\HWHUOLGH÷LOGLU
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RSHUDV\RQX X\JXODQGÕ7UDQVSODQWDV\RQX \DSÕOPÕú KDVWDODUÕQ HWL\RORMLOHUL KD\DWWD RODQND\EHGLOHQ KDVWD JUXSODUÕ YH HUNHQ-JHo G|QHP PRUWDOLWH JUXSODUÕ DUDVÕQGD NDUúÕODúWÕUPDOÕ
UHWURVSHNWLIDQDOL]L\DSÕOGÕYHPRUWDOLWHPRUELGLWHLOHVD÷NDOÕPGH÷HUOHQGLULOGLKDVWDQÕQ\Dú
RUWDODPDVÕ “ \ÕO LGL 6RQ G|QHP NDOS \HWPH]OL÷LQLQ HWL\RORMLVL KDVWDGD LVNHPLN
NDUGL\RPL\RSDWLø.03KDVWDGDQRQLVNHPLNNDUGL\RPL\RSDWL1ø.03LGL
BULGULAR: Biatriyal ortotoSLN NDOS WUDQVSODQWDV\RQX \DSÕODQ KDVWDQÕQ RUWDODPD WDNLS
VUHVL “ D\ LGL 7RSODP LVNHPL ]DPDQÕ “ GN *HQHO PRUWDOLWH WP KDVWDODU
LoLQ LNHQ HUNHQ PRUWDOLWH RUDQÕ JHo PRUWDOLWH RUDQÕ LGL .DSODQ ± Meier
DQDOL]L\OHWPKDVWDODULoLQYH\ÕOOÕNVD÷NDOÕPRUDQODUÕVÕUDVÕ\OD
YH RODUDN EXOXQGX <ÕOOÕN VD÷NDOÕP RUDQODUÕ 1ø.03 JUXEXQD J|UH ø.03 JUXEXQGD
DQODPOÕGHUHFHGHGúNEXOXQGXS <NVHN LVNHPL VUHVLQLQ YH SRVWRSHUDWLI \NVHN 3$%¶QÕQ ELU \ÕOGDQ GDKD X]XQ VUH KD\DWWD
NDOÕPÕ ROXPVX] HWNLOH\HQ ULVN IDNW|UOHUL ROGX÷X VDSWDQGÕ*UXSODUÕQ NDUúÕODúWÕUPD DQDOL]OHULQGH
GRQ|U\DúÕREH]LWHFLQVL\HWSUHRS/'/3&2΍ yksekli÷i, preop anemi, AF, LVEF, sol ventrikl
oaplarÕ, Euroskor, KPB sresi, iskemi sresi, hemofiltre kullanÕmÕ, kan rn transfzyonu,
postoperatif inotrop ihtiyacÕ, CVP, PAB de÷erleri, mekanik ventilasyon sresi, yo÷un bakÕm
kalÕú sUHVLSDUDPHWUHOHULQLQLVWDWLVWLNVHORODUDNDQODPOÕULVNIDNW|UOHULROGX÷XJ|UOG
6218d 0RUWDOLWH\L YH PRUELGLWH\L HWNLOH\HQ ULVN IDNW|UOHULQLQ L\L DQDOL] HGLOPHVL YH HUNHQ
G|QHPGHJHUHNOL|QOHPOHULQDOÕQPDVÕSURJQR]XHWNLOH\HFHNHQ|QHPOLXQVXUODUGÕU
Anahtar Kelimeler: .DOS WUDQVSODQWDV\RQX HWL\RORML PRUWDOLWH ULVN IDNW|UOHUL VD÷NDOÕP
analizi
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P-14
KORONER ARTER CERRAHø6ø*(dø5(&(.2/*8/$5'$0ø'$=2/$09()(17$1ø/
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2
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dDOÕúPDQÕQSULPHUDPDFÕDQHVWH]LLQGNVL\RQXVRQUDVÕQGDURNXURQ\XPXQIDUNOÕGR]XQXQ
mg kg-1 ve 1,2 mg kg-47FLQWHUYDOL]HULQHHWNLOHULQLDUDúWÕUPDNWÕULNLQFLODPDFÕLVHDULWPL
VÕNOÕ÷ÕYHQLWHOL÷LQLVDSWDPDNWÕr.
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LQGNVL\RQGR]ODUÕD\QÕLGL*URXSPJNJ-1, Group 2; 1,2 mg kg-1 doz rokuronyum ile
HQWEH HGLOGLOHU .DOS DWÕP KÕ]Õ DUWHUL\HO EDVÕQo YH 47F LQGNVL\RQ |QFHVL 7 LQGNVL\RQ
VRQUDVÕ7URNXURQ\XPVRQUDVÕ7HQWEDV\RQVRQUDVÕGDNLND7GDNLND7
BULGULAR: *UXSLoLNDUúÕODúWÕUPDGD\DOQÕ]FDHQWEDV\RQVRQUDVÕGDNLNDGDNLRUWDODPD47F
GH÷HUOHUL*UXSYH*UXS¶GHVÕUDVÕLOH““PVEDúODQJÕFDJ|UHVÕUDVÕ
LOH “ “PV LVWDWLVWLNVHO RODUDN DQODPOÕ X]XQ EXOXQGX S *UXSODU
DUDVÕNDUúÕODúWÕUPDGDRUWDODPD47FWPoDOÕúPDSHUL\RGODUÕQGDEHQ]HUGLS!*UXS
Q LOH*UXSGHQ DULWPLJ|UOPHVÕNOÕ÷ÕEHQ]HUGLS +HULNLJUXSWD
GDDULWPLOHUQ HQWEDV\RQGDQVRQUDGDNLNDGDRUWD\DoÕNWÕODU
6218d: Koroner arter reYDVNODUL]DV\RQXX\JXODQDFDNKDVWDODUGDURNURQ\XPXQPJNJ
-GR]XHQWEDV\RQVRQUDVÕ47F¶\LX]DWWÕ(QWEDV\RQVRQUDVÕ47FX]DPDVÕ\ODLOJLOLDULWPLOHULQ
ROXúDELOHFH÷LGLNNDWHDOÕQPDOÕGÕU
Anahtar Kelimeler: URNXURQ\XP47FNRURQHUDUWHUKDVWDOÕ÷Õ
98
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P-15
725$.2720ø6215$6,326723(5$7ø)$ö5,1,1*ø'(5ø/0(6ø1'(
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1
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2
&HODO%D\DUhQLYHUVLWHVL7ÕS)DN*|÷V&HUUDKLVL$%'0DQLVD
*ø5øù 7RUDNRWRPL D÷UÕVÕQÕQ JLGHULOPHVLQGH WRUDNDO HSLGXUDO DQDOMH]L \|QWHPL VÕN
NXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU 3DUDYHUWHEUDO EORN VHoLOHQ GHUPDWRPODUGD WHN WDUDIOÕ VLQLU EOR÷X VD÷ODUNHQ
HSLGXUDO
DQDOMH]L
\|QWHPLQLQ
\DQ
HWNLOHULQL
HQJHOOH\HELOPHNWHGLU
%X oDOÕúPDQÕQ SULPHU DPDFÕ WRUDNRWRPL VRQUDVÕ D÷UÕQÕQ JLGHULOPHVLQGH HSLGXUDO YH\D
SDUDYHUWHEUDOEOR÷XQDQDOMH]LNHWNLQOL÷LQLQNDUúÕODúWÕUÕOPDVÕGÕU6HNRQGHUDPDFÕLVHROXúDQ\DQ
HWNLOHULQNDUúÕODúWÕUÕOPDVÕGÕU
<g17(0/(5: (OHNWLIDNFL÷HUFHUDKLVLJHoLUHFHNROJXODUHSLGXUDOEORNJUXEX*UXS('Q veya paravertebral blok grubuna (Grup PVB, n=17) randomize edildiler. T5-6 veya T6-7
DUDOÕ÷ÕQGDQ HSLGXUDO NDWHWHU *UXS (' YH\D XOWUDVRQ WHNQL÷L LOH SDUDYHUWHEUDO NDWHWHU *UXS
39 \HUOHúWLULOGL .DWHWHUOHUGHQ PJ PRUILQ PO YH PO OHYREXSLYDNDLQ NDUÕúÕPÕ
EROXV YHULOGL 3RVWRSHUDWLI DQDOMH]L PJOHYREXSLYDNDLQ YH PJ PRUILQLoHUHQ VROXV\RQXQ mOVDDWKÕ]GDVUHNOLHSLGXUDOYH\DSDUDYHUWHEUDODODQDLQI]\RQXYHNRQWUDPDO¶LQLQWUDYHQ|]
KDVWD NRQWUROO \|QWHPOH YHULOPHVL\OH VD÷ODQGÕ 9$6 VNRUODUÕ ROPDVÕ DPDoODQGÕ +.$
KDVWD VXQXPX GR]X PJ YH NLOLWOL NDOPD VUHVL GDNLND RODUDN D\DUODQGÕ
3UHRSHUDWLI SRVW RSHUDWLI YH VDDWOHUGH D÷UÕ G]H\L 9$6 2$% .$+
VROXQXP VD\ÕVÕ VHGDV\RQ YH NRQIRU VNRUODUÕ EXODQWÕ- NXVPD YH NDúÕQWÕ VÕNOÕ÷Õ ND\GHGLOGL
BULGULAR: *UXSODUGD
ROJXODUÕQ
NDUDNWHULVWLN
|]HOOLNOHUL
EHQ]HUGL
S!0.05).
2OJXODUÕQ LVWLUDKDW GHULQ LQVSLUDV\RQ YH |NVUN 9$6 GH÷HUOHUL DQODPOÕ IDUNOÕOÕN J|VWHUPHGL
6HGDV\RQ VNRUODUÕ (' JUXEXQGD DQODPOÕ RODUDN GDKD \NVHN VH\UHWWLS +HU LNL
JUXSWDQ LNL ROJXGD DQWLHPHWLN JHUHNWLUHQ EXODQWÕ YH KDILI NDúÕQWÕ PHYcuttu.
6RQXo RODUDN WRURNRWRPL D÷UÕVÕQÕQ JLGHULOPHVLQGH SDUDYHUWHEUDO EORN YH HSLGXUDO EORN EHQ]HU
HWNLQ DQDOMH]L VD÷ODGÕ 7( JUXSWD \NVHN VHGDV\RQ VNRUODUÕ WRUDNRWRPL VRQUDVÕ LVWHQPH\HQ
|]HOOLNWLU 739 DQDOMH]LQLQ GDKD D] \DQ HWNL LOH WRUDNRWRPL VRQUDVÕ (' DQDOMH]L\H DOWHUQDWLI
RODELOHFH÷LNDQÕVÕQGD\Õ]
Anahtar Kelimeler: paravertebral blok, torakal epidural blok, torakotomi, postopeartif
analjezi
99
'P)m^<>WDZE^d7szK)hE</DZE)7ϭϵ͘h>h^><KE'Z^7
P-16
.21-(1ø7$/.$5'ø<$.&(55$+ø'((.675$.25325($/'2/$ù,0,1
326723(5$7ø)&-5($.7ø)3527(ø1'h=(<ø1((7.ø6ø
+DOH(ULúLU1XUJO<XUWVHYHQøEUDKLP8÷XU0XUDW$FDUHO6HYLP&DQLN
6L\DPL(UVHN*|÷V.DOS'DPDU&HUUDKLVL(÷LWLPYH$UDúWÕUPD+DVWDQHVL
*ø5øù-$0$d %X oDOÕúPD NRQMHQLWDO NDOS FHUUDKLVLQGH HNVWUDNRUSHUHDO GRODúÕPÕQ
LQIODPDV\RQXQ GX\DUOÕ ELU LQGLNDW|U RODQ &-5HDNWLI 3URWHLQ &53 ]HULQH RODQ HWNLOHULQL
DUDúWÕUPDNDPDFÕ\OD\DSÕOPÕúWÕU
MATERYAL-METOD: dDOÕúPD\D GR÷XPVDO NDOS KDVWDOÕ÷Õ WDQÕVÕ LOH $UDOÕN - Nisan 2011
WDULKOHUL DUDVÕQGD DoÕN NDOS FHUUDKLVL X\JXODQDQ SHGL\DWULN KDVWD DOÕQGÕ 7P KDVWDODUÕQ
SUHRSHUDWLISRVWRSHUDWLIJQGHQJQHNDGDU&53GH÷HUOHULLQFHOHQGL+DVWDODU*UXS.%3
VUHVL GN DOWÕQGD RODQODU YH *UXS .3% VUHVL GN YH ]HULQGH RODQODU RODUDN LNL\H
D\UÕOGÕ
%X KDVWDODUGD DPHOL\DW |QFHVL VÕUDVÕ YH VRQUDVÕQGD DOÕQDQ NDQ |UQHNOHULQGH &53 G]H\OHUL
NDUúÕODúWÕUÕOGÕ øVWDWLNVHO VRQXoODU 0DQQ-Whitney U testi, basit linear regresyon analizi ve
6SHDUPDQ NRUHODV\RQ DQDOL]L LOH GH÷HUOHQGLULOGL YH S ROGX÷XQGD DQODPOÕ RODUDN NDEXO
edildi.
BULGULAR: OperDV\RQ oHúLGLQH YH VUHVLQH EDNÕOPDNVÕ]ÕQ KDVWDODUÕQ D\QÕ JQ |OoOHQ &53
VRQXoODUÕQDGH÷HUOHQGLULOGL÷LQGHDPHOL\DWWDQVRQUDJQ|OoOHQ&53GH÷HURUWDODPDODUÕGL÷HU
JQOHUHJ|UHGDKD\NVHNWLUS+DVWDODUÕQRSHUDV\RQ|QFHVLYHRSHUDV\RQVRQUDVÕtepe
&53 VHYL\HOHUL NDUúÕODúWÕUÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD SUHRSHUDWLI PHGLDQ &53 GH÷HUL NjJGO SRVWRSHUDWLI
PHGLDQWHSH&53GH÷HULNjJGORODUDNWHVSLWHGLOPLúWLUS<DSÕODQRSHUDV\RQ
oHúLGL LOH RUWDODPD WHSH &53 GH÷HUOHUL NDUúÕODúWÕUÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD JUXSODU DUDVÕQGD LVWDWLVWLNVHO DQODPOÕ
IDUN EXOXQDPDPÕúWÕU S! *UXSODU WHSH &53 GH÷HUOHUL DoÕVÕQGDQ NDUúÕODúWÕUÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD
LVWDWLVWLNVHORODUDNDQODPOÕIDUNEXOXQPDPÕúWÕUS!
6218d 3HGL\DWULNNDOSFHUUDKLVLJHoLUHQKDVWDODUGD&53GH÷HUOHULROXúDQ LQIODPDWXYDU\DQÕWD
FHYDS RODUDN VDDWOHU LoHULVLQGH DUWPD\D EDúODU .RPSOLNDV\RQXQ ROPDGÕ÷Õ GXUXPGD VHYL\HVL
JQOHU LoLQGH QRUPDOH G|QHUNHQ HQIHNVL\RQ JLEL ELU NRPSOLNDV\RQ JHOLúLUVH NDQGDNL \NVHN
VHYL\HVLQL NRUXU %X QHGHQOH GH SRVWRSHUDWLI G|QHPGH VUHFLQ WDNLELQGH NXOODQÕODELOHFHN ELU
DNXWID]UHDNWDQÕROGX÷XNDQDDWLQGH\L]
Anahtar Kelimeler: C-Reaktif Protein Konjenital Kalp Cerrahisi.
100
'P)m^<>WDZE^d7szK)hE</DZE)7ϭϵ͘h>h^><KE'Z^7
P-17
.$5'ø<29$6.h/(5<2ö81%$.,0'$0(7$%2/ø.$/.$/2=ø/(0$6.(/(10øù
0(7$%2/ø.$6ø'2=ø16ø'$169((7<2/2-ø
Alper Kararmaz0XVWDID.HPDO$UVODQWDúøVPDLO&LQHO
0DUPDUDhQLYHUVLWHVL7ÕS)DNOWHVL$QHVWH]L\RORML$'øVWDQEXO
*ø5øù $oÕNNDOSFHUUDKLVLX\JXODQDQKDVWDODUGDNDOSDNFL÷HUSRPSDVÕLQWUDRSHUDWLIX\JXODQDQ
VÕYÕODUNDQUQOHULWUDQVI]\RQODUÕYHGRNXRNVLMHQDV\RQER]XNOX÷XJLELQHGHQOHUOHPHWDEROLN
asidoz ve metabolik alkaloz birlikte olabilmektedir. Bu durumda Henderson-Hasselbalch ya da
EDVH H[FHVV %( LOH GH÷HUOHQGLUPH \DSÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD DVLGR]XQ úLGGHWL ROGX÷XQGDQ GDKD D] RODUDN
|OoOHELOLUdDOÕúPDPÕ]GDDoÕNNDOSFHUUDKLVLX\JXODQPÕúROJXODUGDHUNHQSRVWRSHUDWLIG|QHPGH
6WHZDUW \|QWHPL LOH NDQ JD]Õ DQDOL]L \DSDUDN PHWDEROLN DVLGR] YH DONDOR]XQ ELUOLNWH ROGX÷X
ROJXODUÕQLQVLGDQVÕQÕYHPLNVDVLWED]ER]XNOX÷XQDQHGHQRODQIDNW|UOHULVDSWDPD\ÕDPDoODGÕN
<g17(0 $PHOL\DWKDQHGHQ \R÷XQ EDNÕPD DOÕQDQ WRSODP KDVWDQÕQ YHULOHUL UHWURVSHNWULI
RODUDN WDUDQGÕ (ú ]DPDQOÕ NDQ JD]Õ YHrileri ve biyokimya parametreleri kaydedildi. Hasta
|]HOOLNOHUL \DSÕODQ RSHUDV\RQ YH VRQXoODU GD ND\GHGLOGL ³6WURQJ LRQ GLIIHUHQFH´ 6,' WRWDO
]D\ÕI DVLW PLNWDUÕ $WRW YH G]HOWLOPLú %( %(F KHVDSODPDODUÕ LoLQ IL]LNRNLP\DVDO DQDOL]
NXOODQÕOGÕ0HWDEolik alkaloz, SID>40, Atot<14 ya da BE>2, metabolik asidoz SID<38, Atot>20
ya da BE<-2 olarak belirlendi.
BULGULAR: %( LOH GH÷HUOHQGLULOGL÷LQGH WRSODP KDVWDGD PHWDEROLN DVLGR] WRSODP KDVWDGD PHWDEROLN DONDOR] VDSWDQGÕ 6WHZDUW \|QWHPL LOH PHWDEROLN alkaloz 33 hastada
VDSWDQGÕøNL\|QWHPDUDVÕQGDNLIDUNOÕOÕNODQODPOÕ\GÕS0HWDEROLNDVLGR]XRODQKDVWDODUÕQ
¶QGHPHWDEROLNDONDOR]GDYDUGÕ$VLGR]OXROJXODUGD%(-“LNHQ%(F-“
idi. Metabolik asidoz-DONDOR]XQ ELUOLNWH ROGX÷X ROJXODUGD HQ VÕN DONDOR] QHGHQL
hipoalbuminemiydi.
6218d .DUGL\RYDVNOHU FHUUDKL JHoLUHQ KDVWDODUGD PHWDEROLN DVLGR]-DONDOR] ELUOLNWH VÕNOÕNOD
J|UOPHNWHGLU $VLGR] GH÷HUOHQGLULOLUNHQ %(F KHVDSODQPD] \D GD HúOLN HGHQ PHWDEROLN DONDOR]
KHVDEDNDWÕOPD]LVHDVLGR]XQúLGGHWLGR÷UXRODUDNGH÷HUOHQGLULOHPH\HELOLU
Anahtar Kelimeler: DONDOR]NDQJD]ÕPHWDEROLNDVLGR]VWHZDUW\|QWHPL
101
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P-18
ø6.(0ø5(3(5)h=<21+ASARINA MARUZ KALAN 7$9ù$1.$/%ø1'((3ø'URAL
8<*8/$1$168)(17$1ø/ø1.258<8&8(7.ø6ø
%OHQW6D\1, *DP]H6DUNÕODU2, Hasan Esen3$OL6DUÕJO4ùHUHI2WHOFLR÷OX2
1
ùemdinli Devlet Hastanesi, Hakkari
NHFPHWWLQ(UEDNDQhQLYHUVLWHVL0HUDP7ÕS)DNOWHVL$QHVWH]L\RORMLYH5HDQLPDV\RQ$'.RQ\D
3
1HFPHWWLQ(UEDNDQhQLYHUVLWHVL0HUDP7ÕS)DNOWHVL Patoloji AD, Konya
4
1HFPHWWLQ(UEDNDQhQLYHUVLWHVL0HUDP7ÕS)DNOWHVL Kalp Damar Cerrahisi AD,
2
$0$d 6LVWHPLN YH LQWUDWHNDO RSLRLG X\JXODPDODUÕ PL\RNDUGL\DO LVNHPL UHSHUI]\RQ ø5
PRGHOLQGH LQIDUNW ER\XWXQX D]DOWÕU 6XIHQWDQLO \NVHN OLSLG o|]QUO÷QH VDKLS P opioid
UHVHSW|U DJRQLVWLGLU dDOÕúPDPÕ]GD HSLGXUDO \ROGDQ X\JXODQDQ VXIHQWDQLOLQ PL\RNDUGL\DO ø5
KDVDUÕQDNDUúÕPL\RNDUGL\DONRUX\XFXHWNLVLQLQROXSROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕDUDúWÕUPD\ÕDPDoODGÕN
*(5(d-<g17(0 'HQH\ +D\YDQODUÕ (WLN .XUXO RQD\Õ DOÕQGÕNWDQ VRQUD DGHt 'New Zeland'
FLQVLEH\D]HUNHNWDYúDQNXOODQÕOGÕ.RQWURO*UXSLVNHPL*UXSHSLGXUDOVXIHQWDQLO*UXS
YHLVNHPLHSLGXUDOVXIHQWDQLO*UXSRODUDNUDVWJHOHJUXEDD\UÕOGÕ6HGDV\RQYHDQDOMH]L
X\JXODQGÕNWDQ VRQUD (.* SXOV RNVLPHWUH UHNWDO ÕVÕ SUREX YH NDURWLV DUWHUH NDWHWHU
\HUOHúWLULOGL7UDNHRWRPL\DSÕOÕSPHNDQLNYHQWLODW|UHED÷ODQGÕø5ER\XQFDKHPRGLQDPLNYHULOHU
ND\GHGLOGL6ROWRUDNRWRPLLOHSHULNDUGDoÕOGÕø5X\JXODQDQJUXSODUDVRONRURQHUDUWHUHGN
LVNHPL YH DUGÕQGDQ GN VUH LOH UHSHUI]\RQ X\JXODQGÕ øVNHPL (.* WUDVHVLQGH 67
HOHYDV\RQXLOHGR÷UXODQGÕ(SLGXUDOVXIHQWDQLOX\JXODQDFDNJUXSODUGDHSLGXUDONDWHWHUGHQ—J
VXIHQWDQLO YHULOGL 5HSHUI]\RQ VRQUDVÕ WDYúDQODU VDNULIL\H HGLOGL YH NDOSOHU LVNHPLN ]RQODUÕ
belirlemeN LoLQ oÕNDUÕOGÕ -7ULSKHQ\O WHWUD]ROLXP FKORULGH LoHULVLQGH LQNEH HGLOGL 'DKD
VRQUDNDOSGLOLPOHULIRUPDOGHKLWLoHULVLQHNR\XOGX5LVNDOWÕQGDNLDODQODUÕQ\]GHVLEHOLUOHQGL
BULGULAR: øQIDUNW ER\XWX LVNHPLHSLGXUDO VXIHQWDQLO LOH “ LNHQ, iskemi
JUXEXQGD “ RODUDN KHVDSODQGÕ %X IDUN LVWDWLVWLNVHO RODUDN DQODPOÕ LGL S 2UWDODPDDUWHUEDVÕQoODUÕJUXEODUDUDVÕQGDEHQ]HUEXOXQGX
6218d ø5 X\JXODQDQ GHQH\VHO oDOÕúPDODUGD LQWUDYHQ|] \ROGDQ X\JXODQDQ VXIHQWDQLOLQ
iskemik 'posWFRQGLWLRQLQJ
H EHQ]HU úHNLOGH PL\RNDUGL\DOLQIDUNW DODQÕQÕVÕQÕUODGÕ÷Õ YH DSRSWR]LVL
D]DOWWÕ÷Õ J|VWHULOPLúWLU 'DKD |QFH \DSWÕ÷ÕPÕ] GHQH\VHO oDOÕúPDGD LQWUDWHNDO VXIHQWDQLOLQ
PL\RNDUGL\DOø5KDVDUÕQDNDUúÕNRUX\XFXHWNLVLROGX÷XEXOXQPXúWX%XoDOÕúPDLOe de epidural
\ROGDQX\JXODPDQÕQGDLQIDUNWDODQÕQÕD]DOWWÕ÷ÕJ|VWHULOGL
Anahtar Kelimeler: PL\RNDUGL\DOLVNHPLUHSHUI]\RQVXIHQWDQLOHSLGXUDO
102
'P)m^<>WDZE^d7szK)hE</DZE)7ϭϵ͘h>h^><KE'Z^7
P-19
67$1'$57$1(67(=ø.7(.1ø.$/7,1'$0ø75$/ KAPAK ONARIMLARINDA VE
REPLASMANLARINDA QT 'ø63(56ø<218.$5ù,/$ù7,5,/0$6,
'LOHN.D]DQFÕ1(VOHPøQFH1, Sema Turan10HWLQ<ÕOPD]2%DKDU$\GÕQOÕ1$\úHJOg]J|N1
1
7UNL\H<NVHNøKWLVDV(÷LWLPYHDUDúWÕUPD+DVWDQHVL
2
'ÕúNDSÕ\ÕOGÕUÕP%H\D]ÕG(YH$+DVWDQHVL
*ø5øù
47 LQWHUYDOLQLQ X]DQDVÕ (.* GH÷LúLNOL÷LGLU YH GLULWPLOHUH VHEHS RODELOLU .OLQ÷LPL]GH RSHUH RODQ
KDVWDODUGDVÕNOÕNODUDVWODQDQELUSDWRORMLGLU47GLVSHUVL\RQXYH47&DUDOÕ÷ÕQGDNLSDWRORMLOHUEL]H
KDVWDQÕQULWPWDNLELLoLQIDW\GDOÕLSXoODUÕYHUHELOLU
Materyal ve mthod: Hastanemizde oSHUH HGLOHQ PLWUDO NDSDN RQDUÕPÕ YH UHSODVPDQÕ
KDVWDVÕQGD(.*GH÷úLNOLNOHULQLKHVDSODGÕN47GLVSHUVL\RQXYH47&DUDOÕ÷ÕKHVDSODQDKDVWDODUÕQ
NOLLNWDNLELGH\DSÕOGÕ
6RQXoODU 0LWUDO NDSDN UHSODVPDQÕ \DSÕODQ KDVWDGD YH RQDUÕP \DSÕODQ GL÷HU KDVWDGa
VWDQGDUW 7,9$ DOWÕGD \DSÕODQ ED]DO YH SRVWRSHUDWLI |OoPOHUOH NDSDN UHSODVPDQÕ \DSÕODQ
KDVWDODUGD 47&PD[ RODUDN VDSWDQGÕ YH EX GH÷HU 47& PD[ RQDUÕP KDVWDODUÕQD
J|UHDQODPOÕRODUDNGúNW
6218d 0LWUDO NDSDN RQDUÕPÕ VRQ \ÕOODUGD GDKD oRN GHQHPH\H EDúODQPÕú ELU RSHUDV\RQ
\|QWHPLGLU +DVWD EDNÕPÕQGDQ ID\GDODUÕ GHQHWOHQPHOLGLU 5HSODVPDQ SURVHGUOHUL
UHSRODUL]DV\RQDoÕVÕQGDQGDKDoRNDUDúWÕUÕOPDOÕGÕU
Anahtar Kelimeler: PLWUDONDSDN47&RQDUÕP
103
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P-20
7$/$6(0ø/ø9(25$.+h&5(/ø$1(0ø/ø+$67$/$5'$$1(67(=ø'(1(<ø0/(5ø0ø=
.DVÕP7X]FX0XUDW.DUFÕR÷OX,úÕO'DYDUFÕ6HGDW+DNLPR÷OX2QXU.R\XQFXdD÷ODg]EDNÕú
$NNXUW.HUHPøQDQR÷OX0HQHNúH2NúDU$OL6DUÕ6HOLP7XUKDQR÷O
0XVWDID.HPDOQLYHUVLWHVLAnesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon
*ø5øù %X oDOÕúPDGD NDOÕWVDO NDQ KDVWDOÕNODUÕQÕQ VÕN J|UOG÷ +DWD\ LOLQGH DQHVWH]L
X\JXODGÕ÷ÕPÕ]WDODVHPLYHRUDNKFUHOLDQHPL2+$JHQLWDúÕ\DQKDVWDODUÕQUHWURVSHNWLIRODUDN
dH÷HUOHQGLULOPHVLDPDoODQPÕúWÕU
*(5(d YH <gNTEMLER: 0XVWDID .HPDO hQLYHUVLWHVL KDVWDQHVLQGH DPHOL\DW RODQ WDODVHPL
YH\D 2+$ JHQL WDúÕ\DQ KDVWD UHWURVSHNWLI RODUDN LQFHOHQGL +DVWDODU WDODVHPLOL 7 RUDN
KFUHOLDQHPLOL2+$WDODVHPLWDúÕ\ÕFÕODUÕ77YHRUDNKFUHOLDQHPLWDúÕ\ÕFÕODUÕ2+$7olarak
JUXED D\UÕOGÕ *UXSODUGDNL KDVWDODU JHoLUGLNOHUL HQ VÕN RSHUDV\RQODU NXOODQÕODQ DQHVWH]LN
\|QWHPOHU NDQ WUDQVI]\RQX \DQGDú KDVWDOÕNODU YH NRPSOLNDV\RQODU DoÕVÕQGDQ NDUúÕODúWÕUÕOGÕ
BULGULAR: 8\JXODQDQ FHUUDKL LúOHPOHU DoÕVÕQGDQ JUXSODUÕ NDUúÕODúWÕUGÕ÷ÕPÕ]GD 7 JUXEXQGD
GLODWDV\RQNUHWDMYHDUWURVNRSLRSHUDV\RQXQXQHQVÕN\DSÕOGÕ÷ÕJ|UOG%XJUXSWDLNLKDVWDQÕQ
|]JHoPLúLQGH VSOHQHNWRPL RSHUDV\RQX YDUGÕ 2+$ JUXEXQGD LVH HQ VÕN NROHVLVWHNWRPL
RSHUDV\RQX X\JXODQPÕúWÕ 7DúÕ\ÕFÕODUÕQ ROGX÷X JUXSODU LQFHOHQGL÷LQGH LVH 77 JUXEXQGD HQ VÕN
VH]HU\DQ YH WRQVLOOHNWRPL 2+$7 JUXEXQGD NROHVLVWHNWRPL YH VH]HU\DQ RSHUDV\RQX \DSÕOPÕúWÕ
+DVWDODUÕQ SHULRSHUDWLI G|QHPGH NDQ WUDQVI]\RQODUÕ LQFHOHQGL÷LQGH *UXS 7¶ GH G|UW KDVWDGD*UXS2+$¶GDDOWÕKDVWDGD*UXS77¶GHLNLKDVWDGD*UXS2+$7¶GD
LVH ELU KDVWDGD NDQ WUDQVI]\RQX \DSÕOPÕúWÕ *UXSODU KHPDWRORMLN YHULOHU EDNÕPÕQGDQ
NDUúÕODúWÕUÕOGÕ÷ÕQGD KHPRJORELQ KHPDWRNULW O|NRVLW YH WURPERVLW GH÷HUOHUL DoÕVÕQGDQ IDUNOÕOÕN
istatistikVHORODUDNDQODPOÕ\GÕS
6218d dDOÕúPDPÕ]GD WDODVHPL YH RUDN KFUHOL DQHPL JHQL WDúÕ\DQ KDVWDODUGD OLWHUDWUOH
X\XPOX RODUDN VSOHQHNWRPL YH NROHVLVWHNWRPL RSHUDV\RQX GDKD VÕNWÕ 7DúÕ\ÕFÕ JUXSODU GD GDKLO
DQHPL \D\JÕQ ELU EXOJX\GX %X QHGHQOH WP KDVWDODUGD RSWLPDO SUHRSHUDWLI KD]ÕUOÕN \DSÕOPDVÕ
JHUHNWL÷LQL D\UÕFD KRPR]LJRW KDVWDODUGD J|UOHQ NRPSOLNDV\RQODUD NDUúÕ GLNNDWOL ROPDN
JHUHNWL÷LQLGúQ\RUX]
Anahtar Kelimeler: $QHPL$QHVWH]LRUDNKFUHOLDQHPL7DODVHPL
104
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P-21
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(7.ø6ø
)HUDW$NJO(UGLO1=HNLQH%HJHo1*OD\(UGR÷DQ.D\KDQ16DLP<ROR÷OX2g]FDQ(UVR\1,
0DKPXW'XUPXú1
1
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2
øQ|QhQLYHUVLWHVLWÕSIDNOWHVL%LRLVWDWLVWLN$QDELOLP'DOÕ0DODW\D
(OHNWURNRQYXOVLI WHUDSL (.7¶QLQ 47 GLVSHUVL\RQXQX X]DWWÕ÷Õ ELOGLULOPLúWLU %X X]DPD DULWPL YH
DQL |OPH QHGHQ ROPDNOD ELUOLNWH VRQ ]DPDQODUGD 7S-H LQWHUYDOLQLQ DULWPL JHOLúLPLQGH GDKD
JYHQLOLUELUEHOLUWHoROGX÷XEHOLUWLOPLúWLU6HYRIOXUDQODDQHVWH]LLQGNVL\RQXLQWUDYHQ|]NDWHWHU
WDNÕOPDVÕVÕUDVÕQGDDMLWHSVLNL\DWULNROJXODUGDID\GDOÕRODELOLU.HWDPLQLQKÕ]OÕDQWLGHSUHVDQHWNLVL
QHGHQL\OH(.7LoLQVÕNOÕNODNXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU$QFDNKHULNi ajan QT ve Tp-e intervalini uzatabilir.
%X oDOÕúPDQÕQ DPDFÕ (.7 X\JXODQDFDN PDM|U GHSUHV\RQX RODQ ROJXODUGD VHYRIOXUDQ YH
ketaminin QT ve Tp-e inteUYDOLQHHWNLVLQLDUDúWÕUPDNWÕU
<g17(0
(WLN NXUXO RQD\ÕQGDQ VRQUD PDM|U GHSUHV\RQ LoLQ (.7 SODQODQDQ ROJX oDOÕúPD\D DOÕQGÕ
$QHVWH]LLQGNVL\RQXLoLQ*UXS6¶GHVHYRIOXUDQLOHEDúODQÕSHOHNWULNVHOX\DUDQDNDGDU-4
RUDQÕQGD GHYDP HGLOGLYH VRQUD NDSDWÕOGÕ *UXS .¶GD PJNJ NHWDPLQ X\JXODQGÕ 6NVLQLONROLQ
PJNJ YHULOGLNWHQ VRQUD ROJXODU \] PDVNHVL\OH RNVLMHQOH VROXWXOGX 1|EHW VUHOHUL YH
RUWDODPD DUWHU EDVÕQFÕ 2$% NDOS DWÕP KÕ]Õ .$+ YH HOHNWURNDUGL\RJUDP DQHVWH]L
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T4), 3. (T5), 10. (T6) dakikada kaydedildi.
6218d
øNLJUXSWD47FLQWHUYDOLJLULúGH÷HULQHJ|UH7777¶GHX]XQGXS*UXS6¶GH47F
LQWHUYDOL 7 7 7¶ GD *UXS .¶\D J|UH GDKD X]XQGX *UXS 6¶GH JLULú GH÷HULQH J|UH 7S-e
LQWHUYDOLQGH IDUN \RNWX *UXS .¶GD LVH 7S-H LQWHUYDOL 7 G|QHPLQGH DQODPOÕ X]DGÕ *UXS 6¶GH
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Anahtar Kelimeler: Elektrokonvulsif terapi, Ketamin, Sevofluran, QT, Tp interval.
105
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P-22
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9(17ø/$6<218
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1
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2
*D]LhQLYHUVLWHVL7ÕS)DNOWHVL*|÷V&HUUDKLVL$QDELOLP'DOÕ$QNDUD
*ø5øù *|÷V FHUUDKLVLQGH |]HOOLNOH PDOLJQLWHVL RODQODU ROPDN ]HUH SHN oRN KDVWD WHNUDUOÕ
RSHUDV\RQODUD LKWL\Do GX\DELOPHNWHGLU =DWHQ PRUWDOLWHVL YH PRUELGLWHVL \NVHN RODQ J|÷V
FHUUDKLVL YH J|÷V FHUUDKLVL DQHVWH]LVLQGH WHNUDUOÕ RSHUDV\RQODUOD GXUXP GDKD NDUPDúÕN hale
JHOPHNWH YH DQHVWH]L X\JXODPDODUÕQGD DúÕOPDVÕ JHUHNHQ ]RUOXNODU GD JLGHUHN DUWPDNWDGÕU %X
oDOÕúPDGDDNFL÷HUUH]HNVL\RQXJHoLUPLúKDVWDODUÕQGDKDVRQUDGL÷HUWDUDIWDQDPHOL\DWROPDODUÕ
JHUHNWL÷LQGH UH]HNH DNFL÷HUGH WHN DNFL÷HU YHQWLODV\RQX X\JXODQPD RUDQÕ DUDúWÕUÕOGÕ YH
NDUúÕODúÕODQSUREOHPOHUGH÷HUOHQGLULOGL
*(5(d-<g17(0 2008-\ÕOODUÕDUDVÕQGDNLEHú\ÕOOÕNG|QHPGH*|÷V&HUUDKLVLQGHDQHVWH]L
X\JXODQDQKDVWDODUDDLWND\ÕWODUUHWURVSHNWLIRODUDNLQFHOHQGL2SHUHRODQKDVWDODULoLQGHELUGHQ
fazlD RSHUDV\RQ JHoLUHQOHU EHOLUOHQGL %X KDVWD JUXEX LoLQGH GH IDUNOÕ WDUDIODUGDQ WRUDNRWRPL
JHoLUHQOHUOLVWHOHQHUHNWHNDNFL÷HUYHQWLODV\RQXYHNRPSOLNDV\RQODUEDNÕPÕQGDQGH÷HUOHQGLULOGL
BULGULAR: %Hú \ÕOOÕN VUHGH *|÷V &HUUDKLVL $PHOL\DWKDQHVLQGH JHUoHNOHúWLULOHQ DPHOL\DWÕQ ¶ VLQH WRUDNRWRPL X\JXODQGÕ÷Õ EHOLUOHQGL %XQODUGDQ ¶XQXQ NLVW KLGDWLN
QHGHQL\OH JHUoHNOHúWL÷L J|UOG 7RUDNRWRPLOHULQ ¶VLQLQ WHNUDUOÕ RSHUH HGLOGL÷L ¶QQ LVH o
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WDUDIWDQ ROGX÷X VDSWDQGÕ %X ROJXODUGDQ oQGH KHU LNL DPHOL\DWD DLW SDWRORMLOHULQ ELUELULQGHQ
IDUNOÕ EXOXQGX÷X J|]OHQGL $\QÕ YH IDUNOÕ WDUDIWDQ RSHUH RODQODUGDQ ELUHU KDVWD ROPDN ]HUH
WRSODPLNLKDVWDQÕQKDVWDQHGH\DWÕúÕVUHVLQFHHNVLWXVROGX÷XGLNNDWLoHNWL
7$57,ù0$ 7HN DNFL÷HU YHQWLODV\RQXQGD KDYD\ROX EDVÕQFÕ \NVHNOL÷L NDUERQGLRNVLW
UHWDQVL\RQX YH GHVDWUDV\RQ DQHVWH]LGH NDUúÕODúÕODQ |QHPOL ]RUOXNODUGÕU 2SHUH RODQ DNFL÷HULQ
izolasyonu sonucunda tek akcL÷HU YHQWLODV\RQX LoLQ YHQWLOH HGLOHQ DNFL÷HULQ GDKD |QFH UH]HNH
HGLOPLú ROPDVÕ GXUXPXQGD EX ]RUOXNODUÕQ GDKD HUNHQ RUWD\D oÕNPDVÕ YH GDKD EHOLUJLQ ROPDVÕ
EHNOHQLU 5H]HNVL\RQXQ JHQLúOL÷L KDYD\ROX EDVÕQFÕ \NVHNOL÷L NDUERQGLRNVLW UHWDQVL\RQX YH
GHVDWUDV\RQXQFLGGL\HWLQLEHOLUOH\HQDQDIDNW|UGU.
Anahtar Kelimeler: *|÷V &HUUDKLVL 5HRSHUDV\RQ 7HN $NFL÷HU 9HQWLODV\RQX 7RUDVLN
Anestezi
106
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P-23
:$5)$5ø17('$9ø6ø1ø1 $17ø.2$*h/$1(7.ø6ø1ø1$&ø/&(55$+øg1&(6ø
3527520%ø1.203/(.6.216$175(6ø3&&ø/E 'h=(/7ø/0(6ø
-OLGH6D\ÕQ.DUW1&HP$UÕWUN26HUSLO8VWDODUg]JHQ1(\S0XUDWgNWHQ2, Fevzi Toraman1,
(úUHI+DVDQ.DUDEXOXW2, Cem Alhan2
1
$FÕEDGHPhQLYHUVLWHVL$QHVWH]L\RORMLYH5HDQLPDV\RQ$QD%LOLP'DOÕøVWDQEXO
2
$FÕEDGHPhQLYHUVLWHVL.DOSYH'DPDU &HUUDKLVL$QD%LOLP'DOÕøVWDQEXO
:DUIDULQ DQWLNRDJODQ WHGDYL DPDoOÕ HQ VÕN NXOODQÕODQ LODo ROXS EX LODFÕ NXOODQDQ KDVWDODUGD
J|UOHQ HQ |QHPOL NRPSOLNDV\RQ NDQDPDGÕU 2UDO DQWLNRDJXODQ NXOODQDQ KDVWDODUGD NDQDPD\Õ
|QOHPHN LoLQ . YLWDPLQL 7D]H 'RQPXú 3OD]PD 7'3 YH øQVDQ 3URWURPELQ .RPSOHNVL 3&&
&RIDFWNXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU$÷ÕUNDQDPDODUGDFHUUDKLYH\DJLULúLPVHOLúOHP\DSÕODFDNKDVWDODUGD
DQWLNRDJODQHWNLQLQKÕ]ODG]HOWLOPHVLJHUHNPHNWHGLU3&&&RIDFW|]HOOLNOHRUDODQWLNRDJODQ
NXOODQÕPÕQDED÷OÕROPDN]HUH,15GH÷HULQLQ\NVHNVH\UHWWL÷LDFLOFHUUDKLJLULúLPJHUHNOLOL÷L\D
GDKD\DWÕWHKGLWHGHQNDQDPDJLEL,15¶QLQNÕVDVUHGHQRUPDOL]HHGLOPHVLJHUHNHQGXUXPODUGD
NXOODQÕODQ\HQLQHVLOELUDMDQGÕU$FLOVHUYLVLPL]HGúPHVRQXFXEDúYXUDQVD÷UDGLXVDOWXoYH
VD÷ SHULWURNDQWHULN NÕUÕ÷Õ RODQ \DúÕQGDNL HUNHN KDVWDGD 3&& &RIDFW NXOODQÕPÕ |QFHVL YH
VRQUDVÕ,15VRQXoODUÕQÕNDUúÕODúWÕUDUDN&RIDFW¶ÕQ,15GH÷HUL\NVHNDQFDNDFLOYHPXWODNFHUUDKL
JLULúLPJHUHNWLUHQKDVWDODUGDNLHWNLQOL÷LQLJ|VWHUPH\LDPDoODGÕN
Anahtar Kelimeler: Cofact, Warfarin
Bulgular
INR (IU)
K&dPE^7
COFACT SONRASI
15.DK
COFACT SONRASI
28. SAAT
COFACT SONRASI
40. SAAT
3,46
1,7
3,11
1,71
+HGHI,15 ROPDVÕLoLQFRIDFWGR]XPO
INR (IU) 7,5 5,9 4,8 4,2 3,6 3,3 3,0 2,8 2,6 2,5 2,3 2,2
$ö,5/,.
50 kg
40 40 40 30 30 30 20 20 X
X
X
X
60 kg
50 50 40 40 30 30 30 20 X
X
X
X
70 kg
60 50 50 50 40 40 30 30 X
X
X
X
80 kg
60 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 X
X
X
X
90 kg
60 60 60 60 50 50 40 30 X
X
X
X
100 kg
60 60 60 60 60 50 40 40 X
X
X
X
107
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P-24
.$5'ø<238/021(5%<3$666215$6,*(/øù(10$/ø*1+ø3(57(0ø2/*U
SUNUMU)
Deniz Karakaya1, Ebru Kelsaka1%LQQXU6DUÕKDVDQ1+DVDQ7DKVLQ.HoHOLJLO 2
1
2QGRNX]0D\ÕVhQLYHUVLWHVL$QHVWH]L\RORMLYH5HDQLPDV\RQ$%'6DPVXQ
2
Ondokuz 0D\ÕVhQLYHUVLWHVL.DOSYH'DPDU&HUUDKLVL$%'6DPVXQ
*ø5øù $oÕN NDOS FHUUDKLVL JHoLUHQ KDVWDODUGD NDUGL\RSXOPRQHU E\SDVV YH ÕOÕPOÕ KLSRWHUPL
VHPSWRPODUÕ EDVNÕODGÕ÷Õ LoLQ PDOLJQ KLSHUWHUPL 0+ WDQÕVÕ NR\PDN JoWU %XUDGD
kardiyopulmoner bypass (KPBVRQUDVÕ0+JHOLúHQELUROJX\XVXQPDNLVWHGLN
OLGU: 9HQWULNOHU VHSWDO GHIHNW 96' WDQÕVÕ DOPÕú RODQ \DúÕQGDNL HUNHN KDVWD\D 96'
RQDUÕPÕ \DSÕOPDVÕ SODQODQGÕ $LOHVLQGH 0+ KLND\HVL \RNWX YH GDKD |QFH DQHVWH]L DOPDPÕúWÕ
5XWLQ PRQLW|UL]DV\RQGDQ VRQUD PLGD]RODPWLRSHQWDO YH URNXURQ\XP LOH DQHVWH]LLQGNVL\RQX
VHYRIOXUDQ 2NXUX KDYD UHPLIHQWDQLO YH URNXURQ\XP LOH DQHVWH]L LGDPHVL VD÷ODQGÕ .3%
VÕUDVÕQGDYFXWVÕFDNOÕ÷ÕR&¶DUHNWDOGúUOHQKDVWDGDKHUKDQJLELUVRUXQ\DúDQPDGÕYH
E\SDVV VRQXQGD UHNWDO VÕFDNOÕ÷Õ R& (W&2 PP+J LGL 2SHUDV\RQXQ VDDWLQGH
VWHUQXPNDSDWÕOÕUNHQ(W&2GH÷HULWHGULFHQPP+J¶\DYFXWVÕFDNOÕ÷ÕGDR&¶DNDOSKÕ]Õ
GN NDQ EDVÕQFÕ PP+J¶\D \NVHOGL $UWHUL\HO NDQ JD]Õ S+ S&2 PP+J
pO2 174 mmHg, BE - PPRO/ +&2 P(T/ . PPRO/ EXOXQGX 0+ JHOLúWL÷L
GúQOGYRODWLODQHVWH]LNOHUNHVLOHUHN2LOHYHQWLODV\RQDYHDNWLIRODUDNVR÷XWXOPD\D
EDúODQGÕ 'DQWUROHQ PJNJ LY X\JXODQGÕ 'DQWUROHQ YHULOPHVLQGHQ GN VRQUD DOÕQDQ NDQ
JD]ÕQRUPDOHG|QG<R÷XQEDNÕPDDOÕQDQKDVWD\DGDQWUROHQPJNJVDDWWHELUROPDN]HUH
VDDW VUH\OH X\JXODQGÕ %X VUHGH DWHúL \NVHOPH\HQ KDVWD VDDWWH HNVWEH HGLOdi.
.UHDWLQ NLQD] &. GH÷HUL 8/¶\H VDDWWH \NVHOGL 7DPDPHQ L\LOHúHQ KDVWD JQ
taburcu edildi.
7$57,ù0$ .3% KLSHUPHWDEROLN ELU GXUXPD \RO DoDUDN 0+ DWD÷ÕQÕ EDúODWDELOPHNWHGLU $LOH
|\NVROPD\DQKDVWDODUGD.3%¶GDQVRQUDGD0+JHOLúHELOHFH÷LDNÕOGDWXWXOPDOÕ\DNÕQL]OHPLOH
WDQÕNRQXOGX÷XQGDWHGDYL\HEDúODQÕSGDQWUROHQX\JXODQPDOÕGÕU
Anahtar Kelimeler: kardiyopulmoner bypass, malgn hipertermi
108
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P-25
$d,..$/3&(55$+ø6øEKSTRAKORPOREAL DOLAù,0,6,5$6,1'$*(/øù(10$6ø)
$.&øö(5g'(0ø2/*U SUNUMU
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2\D+HUJQVHO
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3RPSD DNFL÷HUL DoÕN NDOS FHUUDKLVL VRQUDVÕ LPPQ VLVWHPLQ aktivasyonu sonucu pulmoner
YDVNOHU JHoLUJHQOL÷LQ DUWPDVÕ VRQXFX J|UOHQ NOLQLN ELU WDEORGXU %X VXQXGD RSHUDV\RQ
VÕUDVÕQGD EHNOHQPHGLN DQL YH PDVLI JHOLúHQ ELU DNFL÷HU |GHPL WDUWÕúÕOPÕúWÕU
$WPÕúLNL \DúÕQGD KDVWD\D LNL GDPDU NRQRQHU E\-pass cerrahisi SODQODQPÕúWÕ (NRNDUGLRJUDILN
(.2 LQFHOHPHGH HMHNVL\RQ IUDNVL\RQX NDOS NDSDNODUÕ LVH GR÷DO RODUDN GH÷HUOHQGLULOGL
5XWLQ DQHVWH]L LQGNVL\RQX YH FHUUDKL SURVHGU LOH NDOS-DNFL÷HU SRPSDVÕ DOWÕQGD &$%*
RSHUDV\RQXQD EDúODQGÕ 3RPSD DOWÕQGD KHPRGLQDPLN bir sorunu olmayan hastada, distal
DQDVWRPR]ODU VRQUDVÕ DRUW NURV NOHPS NDOGÕUÕOÕS YHQWLOH HGLOPH\H EDúODQGÕ÷Õ VÕUDGD HQWEDV\RQ
WSQGHQ GÕúDUÕ oÕNDFDN PLNWDUGD DNFL÷HU GRNX VÕYÕVÕ LOH NDUúÕODúÕOGÕ +DVWD PO NJ-1 tidal
YROPYHFP+23((3EDVÕQoLOH YHQWLOHHGLOPH\HEDúODQGÕ2ODVÕQHGHQOHU|]HOOLNOHYROP
\NOHQPHVLJ|]GHQJHoLULOGL÷LQGHWDEOR\XDoÕNOD\DFDNELUVHEHEEXOXQDPDGÕ&HUUDKLELWLPLQGH
\DSÕODQ 7((¶GH SXOPRQHU DUWHU EDVÕQFÕQ PP+J oHNLOHQ DNFL÷HU JUDILVLQGH LVH ELODWHUDO
DNFL÷HU |GHPL WHVELW HGLOGL +DVWD X\JXQ YHQWLODV\RQ YH PHGLNDV\RQ LOH JQGH \R÷XQ
EDNÕPGDQ oÕNDUÕOGÕ 7HNUDUODQDQ (.2 LQFHOHPHVLQGH SXOPRQHU EDVÕQoODUÕQ QRUPDO VÕQÕUODUD
G|QPHVL UDG\RJUDILN YH NOLQLN WDNLSGH GH DNFL÷HU |GHPLQLQ ND\EROPDVÕ ]HULQH JQGH
hastaneden taburcu edildi.
$oÕN NDOS FHUUDKLVLQGH ROXúDQ DNFL÷HU |GHPL PHYFXW \D GD \HQL ROXúPXú PLWUDO NDSDN
\HWPH]OL÷L NRQMHVWLI NDOS \HWPH]OL÷L \D GD RSHUDV\RQ VÕUDVÕQGD ROXúWXUXODQ DúÕUÕ YROP \N
JLEL QHGHQOHUH ED÷OÕ ROXúDELOHFH÷L JLEL EX QHGHQOHUGHQ ED÷ÕPVÕ] RODUDN NDOS DNFL÷HU SRPSDVÕ
VÕUDVÕQGD ROXúDQ LPPXQRORMLN GH÷LúLNOLNOHU YH DUWPÕú YDVNOHU JHoLUJHQOL÷H ED÷OÕ GD RODELOLU
3RPSD DNFL÷HUL RODUDN GD DGODQGÕUÕODQ EX GXUXP JHQHOOLNOH FHUUDKL VRQUDVÕ YH VÕQÕUOÕ LNHQ EX
ROJXGDROGX÷XJLELNDOSDNFL÷HUSRPSDVÕHVQDVÕQGDYHPDVLIG]H\GHGHRODELOLU
Anahtar Kelimeler: DoÕNNDOSFHUUDKLVLDNFL÷HU|GHPLNDOSDNFL÷HUSRPSDVÕ
109
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P-26
32675(3(5)h=<216(1'5208181<2/$d7,ö,8=816h5(1.$5'ø<$.$RREST
%DKDU$\GÕQOÕhPLW.DUDGHQL]$VOÕ'HPLU
7UNL\H<NVHNøKWLVDV(÷LWLP$UDúWÕUPD+DVWDQHVL$QHVWH]L.OLQL÷L$QNDUD
%X \D]ÕGD SRVWUHSHUI]\RQ VHQGURPX\OD JHOLúHQ X]XQ VUHQ NDUGL\DN DUUHVW YH DQHVWH]L
\|QHWLPLVXQXOPXúWXU
OLGU:
\DúÕQGDNL ED\DQ KDVWD\D NDUDFL÷HU WUDQVSODQWDV\RQX SODQODQGÕ 'LVHNVL\RQ G|QHPLQGH
NDQJD]ODUÕ QRUPDO KHPRGLQDPLVL VWDELO LGUDUoÕNÕúÕ \HWHUOL EXOXQDQ KDVWDGD DQKHSDWLNVUHoWH
antioksidan 6grN-Asetilsistein, 2.5graskorbik asit,100ml%20Mannitol, 200mg prednizolon
X\JXODQGÕ$QKHSDWLNG|QHPLQEDúÕQGDWDQVL\RQXQGúPHVLQHGHQL\OHQRUDGUHQDOLQYHGRSDPLQ
LQI]\RQX EDúODQGÕ GN¶OÕN DQKHSDWLNVUH VRQXQGD NDYDO GRODúÕP DUGÕQGDQGD SRUWDO
GRODúÕPÕQDoÕOÕSUHSHUI]\RQXQOD.%PP+J¶\D.+DWÕPGN¶\DGúW$VLVWROLPH\GDQD
gelince %100 oksijenle ventilasyonD VWHUQXP ]HULQGHQ J|÷V NRPSUHV\RQODUÕQD EDúODQGÕ
5HVVLWDV\RQGD
.PPRO/VDSWDQGÕ
*,.-IXURVHPLG
X\JXODQGÕ
.DUGL\RSXOPRQHUUHVXVLWDV\RQ ER\XQFD YHQWULNOHU ILEULODV\RQ QHGHQL\OH NH] GHILEULOH HGLOGL
GDNLND .35 VRQUDVÕ VSRQWDQGRODúÕP VD÷ODQÕS GHYDP HGLOGL %XG|QHPGH $GUHQDOLQ YH
$PLRGDURQ EDúODQGÕ 3RVWRSHUDWLI NH] UHYL]\RQD DOÕQDQ KDVWD JQ HNVWEH JQ WDEXUFX
edildi.
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LQWUDNUDQL\DO KHPRUDML EXOJXODUÕQÕQ J|UOG÷ ELQOHUFH EDúYXUX ROPDVÕQD UD÷PHQ VDGHFH KDVWDGD |OP ELOGLULOPLúWLU %L] ERQ]DL RWX DOÕPÕ VRQUDVÕ VHQNRS QHGHQL\OH DFil servise
JHWLULOGLNWHQ NÕVD VUH VRQUD NDUGL\RSXOPRQHU DUUHVW JHOLúHQ WDNLSOHULQGH PHWDEROLN DVLGR]
VÕYÕ-HOHNWUROLW GHQJHVL]OL÷L NDUDFL÷HU \HWPH]OL÷L \D\JÕQ NDQDPDODU E|EUHN \HWPH]OL÷L JHOLúHQ
YHHNVLWXVODVRQXoODQDQROJX\XWDUWÕúPD\ÕDPDoODGÕN
OLGU: 6HQNRS QHGHQL\OH DFLO VHUYLVH EDúYXUDQ ROJXGD WDNLSOHUL VÕUDVÕQGD NDUGL\RSXOPRQHU
DUUHVWJHOLúWL.DUGL\RSXOPRQHUUHVHVWDV\RQDFHYDSYHUHQODERUDWXYDUWHWNLNOHULQGHPHWDEROLN
DVLGR]VÕYÕ-HOHNWUROLWGHQJHVL]OL÷LYHHQ]LP\NVHNOLNOHULVDSWDQDQROJX \R÷XQEDNÕPQLWHVLQH
DOÕQGÕ $QDPQH]LQGHQ LVPLQLQ ³%RQ]DL´ ROGX÷X V|\OHQHQ RWX DFLOH JHOLúLQGHQ \DNODúÕN VDDW
|QFH VLJDUD úHNOLQGH VDUDUDN LoWL÷L |÷UHQLOGL 7DNLSOHULQGH NRDJODV\RQ WHVWOHULQGH ER]XOPD
NDUGL\DN YH NDUDFL÷HU IRQNVL\RQ WHVWOHULQGH DúÕUÕ DUWÕú VDSWDQGÕ 7RNVLN PHWDEROLWOHUL
HOLPLQDV\RQ LoLQ KHPRGL\DOL]H EDúODQGÕ <R÷XQ EDNÕP WDNLSOHULQGH PXNR]D NDQDPDVÕ EDúOD\DQ
ROJXGD KDVWDQH\H JHOLúLQLQ VDDWLQGH WHNUDU NDUGL\DN DUUHVW JHOLúWL GDNLNDOÕN
NDUGL\RSXOPRQHU UHVVLWDV\RQD FHYDS DOÕQDmayan
olgu
eksitus
kabul
edildi.
7DUWÕúPDYH
6218d .H\LI YHULFL |]HOOL÷LQLQ ROPDVÕ NROD\ WHPLQ HGLOHELOPHVL YH NXOODQÕP úHNOLQLQ NROD\
ROPDVÕ QHGHQL\OH ERQ]DL RWX WRNVLNDV\RQXQD ED÷OÕ DFLO VHUYLVH EDúYXUXODUÕQ DUWÕú J|VWHUGL÷LQL
J|]OHPOHPHNWH\L] %RQ]DL RWXQXQ WRNVLNDV\RQ EHOLUWLOHUL KHQ] QHW RODUDN ELOLQPHVH GH FLGGL
VD÷OÕNSUREOHPOHULQLQ\DQÕVÕUD|OPHGH\RODoDELOHFH÷LELOLQPHOLGLU
Anahtar Kelimeler: Bonzai otu; sentetik kanabinoid; toksikasyon
115
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P-32
3$56ø<(/%<3$66(ù/øöø1'(.$9$$75ø<$/7520%h6h2/$15(1$/7h0g5
9$.$6,1'$$1(67(=ø.<$./$ù,0
ùHULIH%HNWDú6HPD7XUDQ*|NKDQ3HNHU%HUQD(UJQhPLW.DUDGHQL]
7UNL\H<NVHNøKWLVDV(÷LWLPYH$UDúWÕUPD+DVWDQHVL
%X ROJX VXQXPXQGD SDUVL\HO E\SDVV HúOL÷LQGH NDYRDWUL\DO WXWXOXPX RODQ UHQDO KFUHOL WP|U
RSHUDV\RQXQGDX\JXODGÕ÷ÕPÕ]DQHVWH]L\|QHWLPLQLVXQPD\ÕDPDoODGÕN
OLGU: \DúÕQGD HUNHN KDVWD NÕUPÕ]Õ LGUDU \DSPD úLND\HWL LOH KDVWDQH\H EDúYXUPXú<DSÕODQ
LONGH÷HUOHQGLUPHGH%LOJLVD\DUOÕ7RPRJUDILGH6D÷E|EUHNWHîPPNLWOHOH]\RQXL]OHQPLúWir
5&&"6RO UHQDO YHQ LoHULVLQGH 9&ø YH VD÷ DWULXP LoHULVLQH NDGDU X]DQDQ KLSRGHQV WURPEXV
PDWHU\DOL L]OHQGL (NRNDUGL\RJUDILN LQFHOHPHGH VD÷ DWUL\XPGD øQWHUDWUL\DO VHSWXPD \DNÕQ
KDUHNHWOL\DSÕJ|]OHQGL%XKDOL\OHKDVWD\DDoÕNUDGLNDOQHIUHNWRPLYHSDUVL\HOED\SDVHúOL÷LQGH
VD÷ DWUL\DO YH LQIHUL\RU YHQD FDYDGDQ WURPEV HNVL]\RQX \DSÕOPDVÕQD NDUDU YHULOGL2SHUDV\RQ
KD]ÕUOÕ÷Õ WDPDPODQDQ KDVWDQÕQ RSHUDV\RQ RGDVÕQD DOÕQGÕNWDQ VRQUD UXWLQ PRQLWRUL]DV\RQX
VD÷ODQGÕ $QHVWH]L LQGNVL\RQXQGD PLGD]RODPIHQWDQLOURNXURQ\XP EURPLG NXOODQÕOGÕ*HQLú
GDPDU\ROODUÕYHVDQWUDOYHQ|]NDQO\HUOHúWLULOGL7((SUREXLOHWPRUQVD÷DWULXPGDNLYDUOÕ÷Õ
YH NDWHWHULQ SR]LV\RQX GR÷UXODQGÕ 2SHUDV\RQ ER\XQFD 7(( LOH HPEROL DoÕVÕQGDQ VUHNOL WDNLS
\DSÕOGÕ$RUW9&6 YH 9&ø LQIUDUHQDO E|OJH GLVWDOLQGHQ NDQOH HGLOGL(NVWUDNRUSRUDO GRODúÕP
EDúODWÕOGÕ.DOS FHUUDKODUÕ WDUDIÕQGDQ VD÷ DWUL\RWRPL \DSÕODUDN DWUL\XP LoHULVLQGHNL WURPEV
LQIHUL\RUYHQDFDYDLoHULVLQHGR÷UXLWLOGL%XHVQDGD7((LOHWURPEVQVD÷DWUL\XPGDQLQIHUL\RU
vena cavaya gHoLúL J|UOGøQIHUL\RU 9HQD &DYD VD÷ DWUL\XPD JLULú DOWÕQGDQ YH LQIUDUHQDO
E|OJHGHQNOHPSHHGLOGL.OHPSOHUDUDVÕQGDNDODQLQIHUL\RU YHQD FDYDNÕVPÕFPOLNELUNHVLLOH
DoÕODUDNWURPEVoÕNDUWÕOGÕ+DVWDQÕQRSHUDV\RQELWLPLQGHDGUHQDOLQPJNJKYHGopamine
PLNURJUDPNJGN øQRWURSLN GHVWHN LOH 7$ PPKJNDOS DWÕP KÕ]Õ DWÕPGN LGL %X
KDOL\OH\R÷XQEDNÕPDWUDQVIHUHGLOGL2SHUDV\RQGDQJQVRQUDHNVWEHHGLOGL9LWDOEXOJXODUÕ
VWDELO RODQ KDVWD VHUYLVH oÕNDUÕOGÕ %X ROJX LOH NDYRDWUL\DO WURPEV RODQ UHQDO KFUHOL WP|U
ROJXODUÕQGD LQWUDRSHUDWLI 7((¶QLQ NDUGL\DN IRQNVL\RQODUÕQ GH÷HUOHQGLULOPHVLQGH YH WP|U
HPEROL]DV\RQXQXQ|QOHQPHVLQGH\DUDUOÕELUPRQLW|UROGX÷XVRQXFXQDYDUGÕN
Anahtar Kelimeler: 5HQDO+FUHOL7P|U3DUVL\HO%\SDVV.DYDDWUL\DO7URPEV.
116
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P-33
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7UNL\H<NVHNøKWLVDV(÷LWLP9H$UDúWÕUPD+DVWDQHVL
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LOHRSHUHHGLOHQROJXODUÕQSHURSHUDWLIWDNLSVRQXoODUÕQÕUHWURVSHNWLIRODUDNGH÷HUOHQGLUPHNWLU
MATERYAL VE METHOD
+DVWDQHPL] NDOS YH GDPDU FHUUDKLVL NOLQL÷LQGH - WDULKOHUL DUDVÕQGD NDUGL\DN WXWOXPOX
NLVW KLGDWLN WDQÕVÕ LOH RSHUH HGLOHQ KDVWD UHWURVSHNWLI RODUDN GH÷HUOHQGLULOGL 7P KDVWDODUÕQ
\DúFLQVL\HWNOLQLN VHPSWRPODUÕGL÷HU RUJDQ WXWXOXPODUÕ .DUGLD\DN NLVW ORNDOL]DV\RQODUÕNLVWLQ
ER\XWODUÕ X\JXODQDQ FHUUDKL SURVHGU YH PRUWDOLWH YDUOÕ÷Õ ND\GHGLOGL 7P KDVWDODUGD
LQWUDRSHUDWLI7g(LOHWDNLS\DSÕODUDNKHPNDUGL\DN\DSÕODUKHPGHWXWXOXP\HULQHJ|UHJ|]OHQHQ
NDSDNDQRUPDOOLNOHULGH÷HUOHQGLULOGL
BULGULAR
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PHYFXWWX %X KDVWDGDQ ELU WDQHVL DNFL÷HU NLVWKLGDWL÷L QHGHQLLOH RSHUH HGLOPLú LNHQ GL÷HU LNL
ROJXGD NDUDFL÷HUGH NLVW KLGDWLN ROGX÷X EHOLUOHQGL .DUGL\DN NLVW KLGDWLN ORNDOL]DV\RQODUÕ
ER\XWODUÕ YH X\JXODQDQ FHUUDKL SURVHGU WDEOR GH EHOLUWLOPLúWLU KDVWDQÕQ ¶VÕQD
NDUGL\RSXOPRQHU E\SDVVD JLULOPHGHQ FHUUDKL X\JXODQPÕúNHQ WDQHVLQH NDUGL\RSXOPRQHU
E\SDVV HúOL÷LQGH FHUUUDKL X\JXODQGÕ÷Õ EHOLUOHQGL KDVWDQÕQ VLQGH NLVW KLGDWLN oÕNDUÕOPDVÕ
\DQÕ VÕUD 7g( UHKEHUOL÷LQGH WULNVSLG NDSDN \HWPH]OL÷L J|]OHQGL YH WDNLEHQ GHYDJD DQORSODVWL
X\JXODQGÕKDVWDQÕQúLIDLOHWDEXUFXHGLOGL÷LEHOLUOHQGL
7$57,ù0$
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GH÷HUOHQGLUPH LOH NDUGL\DN NLVW KLGDWLN RSHUDV\RQODUÕQGD 7g(¶QXQ HWNLOL ELU PRQLWRUL]DV\RQ
VHoHQH÷LROGX÷XNDQDDWLQHYDUGÕN
Anahtar Kelimeler: .LVW+LGDWLN$oÕNNDOSFHUUDKLVL.
117
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Table 1. Kist hidatik ROJXODUÕQÕQGHPRJUDILNYHRSHUDV\RQ|]HOOLNOHUL
Vak \DúFLQVL\
a
et
semptomlar
No (years)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
19/M
39/F
38/F
58/M
40/F
43/F
62/M
'L÷HU
organ
Kardiyak kist
tutulum lokalizasyonu
u
*|÷VD÷UÕVÕ -
*|÷VD÷UÕVÕ
ve nefes
GDUOÕ÷Õ
VROYHQWULNO
posterolateral
GXYDUÕ
arcus aorta sol
lateral
NRPúXOX÷XQGD
n
1HIHVGDUOÕ÷Õ -
VROYHQWULNO
posterior
GXYDUÕQGDQ
Rutin
Taramada
Kckist
hidatik
6ROYHQWULNO
apeks ve
anterolateral
GXYDUÕQGDQ
Rutin
taramada
$NFL÷HU
kist
hidatik VD÷YHQWULNO
nedeniy
le opere
1HIHVGDUOÕ÷Õ -
1HIHVGDUOÕ÷Õ -
6ROYHQWULNO
apeksinde
7ULNVSLW
anulusune
LQILOWUHVD÷
DWUXPLoLQH
GR÷UXNLVW
118
E\NO÷
(cm)
Cerrahi
SURVHGU
(úOLN
eden
SURVHGU
53*56 mm
kardiyak kist
hidatik
eksizyonu,
kardiyopulmo
ner bypas
ROPDNVÕ]ÕQ
-
102*68*10
2 mm
32*24*36
mm
kardiyak kist
hidatik
eksizyonu,
kardiyopulmo
ner bypas
ROPDNVÕ]ÕQ
-
2,5*3 cm
kardiyak kist
hidatik
eksizyonu,
kardiyopulmo
ner bypas
ROPDNVÕ]ÕQ
-
84*60*50
mm
kardiyak kist
hidatik
eksizyonu,
kardiyopulmo
ner bypas
ROPDNVÕ]ÕQ
-
10*10 cm
kardiyak kist
hidatik
eksizyonu,
kardiyopulmo
ner bypas
ROPDNVÕ]ÕQ
-
47*44 mm
kardiyak kist
hidatik
eksizyonu,
kardiyopulmo
ner bypas
ROPDNVÕ]ÕQ
-
kardiyak kist
hidatik
eksizyonu,
kardiyopulmo
ner bypas
DOWÕQGD
Trikuspit
kapakta
De Vega
anuloplas
ty
'P)m^<>WDZE^d7szK)hE</DZE)7ϭϵ͘h>h^><KE'Z^7
8
9
10
1HIHVGDUOÕ÷Õ -
øQWHUYHQWULNOH
r septum
2*2 cm
sol pulmoner
arter
21*18mm
NRPúXOX÷XQGD
kardiyak kist
hidatik
eksizyonu,
kardiyopulmo
ner bypas
DOWÕQGD
-
52/M
*|÷VD÷UÕVÕ -
CABG
vekardiyak
øQWHUYHQWULNOH
kist hidatik
2.0*2.5 cm
r septum
eksizyonu,
kardiyopulmo
ner bypas ile
-
40/F
Opere KC
kist
hidatik,kontr Kckist
ol
hidatik
tomografisin
de
øQWHUYHQWULNOH
r septumdan
Kardiyak kist
VD÷YHQWULNOH
hidatik
SURWU]H7ULNXV 1.8*2.6 cm eksizyonu,
pit septal
kardiyopulmo
leaflet alt
ner bypas ile
NÕVPÕQD
Trikuspit
kapakta
De Vega
anuloplas
ty
29/M
119
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P-34
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%/2ö88<*8/$0$0,=
2QXU3DODEÕ\ÕN$\oD7Dú7XQD)LNUHW%D\DU6HUEOHQW*|NKDQ%H\D] Yakup Tomak,
Ali Fuat Erdem
6DNDU\DhQLYHUVLWHVL(÷LWLPYH$UDúWÕUPD+DVWDQHVL
*ø5øù .DURWLGDUWHUVWHQR]OXKDVWDODUGD\HQLVHUHEURYDVNOHUROD\JHOLúPHLKWLPDOLQLD]DOWPDN
LoLQ NDURWLG HQGDUWHUHNWRPL JQFHO ELU X\JXODPDGÕU %X RSHUDV\RQODUGD VHUYLNDO SOHNVXV EOR÷X
LOH UHM\RQDO DQHVWH]L JQP]GH SRSODULWH ND]DQPÕúWÕU 6HUYLNDO SOHNVXV EOR÷X Q|URORMLN
IRQNVL\RQXQGLUHNL]OHQPHVLQHKDVWDQHGHNDOÕúVUHVLQLQNÕVDOPDVÕQD\R÷XQEDNÕPLKWL\DFÕQÕQ
PRUELGLWH YH PRUWDOLWHQLQ D]DOPDVÕQD NDWNÕGD EXOXQPDNWDGÕU %L] DFLO RSHUDV\RQ SODQODQDQ
NRURQHU DUWHU KDVWDOÕ÷Õ NURQLN REVWUNWLI DNFL÷HU KDVWDOÕ÷Õ SDWHQW IRUDPHQ RYDOH LQWHUDWUL\DO
VHSWDO DQHYUL]PD JHoLULOPLú VHUHEURYDVNOHU KDVWDOÕN VLJDUD YH DONRO ED÷ÕPOÕOÕ÷Õ RODQ ROJXGD
WHN HQMHNVL\RQ \|QWHPL\OH VHUYLNDO SOHNVXV EOR÷X X\JXODPDPÕ]Õ VXQPD\Õ DPDoODGÕN
OLGU: \DúÕQGD HUNHN ROJXQXQ IL]LN Puayenesinde
bilateral
kaba
raller;
HNRNDUGL\RJUDILVLQGH HMHNVL\RQ IUDNVL\RQX VRO YHQWULNO KLSHUWURILVL SDWHQW IRUDPHQ
ovale, interatriyal septal anevrizma ve grade 1 diyastolik disfonksiyon; solunum fonksiyon
WHVWLQGH RUWD GHUHFHGH REVWUNVL\RQ WHVSit edildi. Olgunun laboratuvar tetkiklerinde herhangi
ELU DQRUPDO EXOJX\D UDVWODQPDGÕ 2SHUDV\RQ RGDVÕQD DOÕQDQ ROJX\D UXWLQ PRQLW|UL]DV\RQ
X\JXODPDVÕQÕ WDNLEHQ LQWUDYHQ|] GDPDU \ROX DoÕOÕS 1D&O LQI]\RQX EDúODQGÕ 2OJX\D
:LQQLH YH DUNµQÕQ WDQÕPODGÕ÷Õ WHN HQMHNVL\RQ \|QWHPL\OH VRO & YHUWHEUD KL]DVÕQGDQ GHULQ YH
\]H\VHO VHUYLNDO SOHNVXV EOR÷X RUDQÕQGD PO OHYREXSLYDNDLQ YH OLGRNDLQ NRPELQDV\RQX\OD X\JXODQGÕ 3LQSLULN WHVWL LOH ER\XQ YH RPX] EDúODUÕQÕ LoLQH DODQ E|OJHGH
GX\XVDO EOR÷XQ WHVSLWL\OH ROJX FHUUDKL HNLEH GHYUHGLOGL GN VUHQ FHUUDKL ER\XQFD ROJXGD
VHUYLNDO SOHNVXV EOR÷XQD ED÷OÕ JHoLFL VHV NÕVÕNOÕ÷Õ GÕúÕQGD VROXQXPVDO Q|URORMLN KHUKDQJL ELU
NRPSOLNDV\RQYHKHPRGLQDPLNLQVWDELOLWHJ|]OHQPHGL
7$57,ù0$ YH 6218d Karotid endarWHUHNWRPLOHUGH SRSOHU RODQ VHUYLNDO SOHNVXV EOR÷XQXQ
WHN HQMHNVL\RQ \|QWHPL\OH \DSÕOPDVÕQÕQ KDVWD NRQIRUXQX DUWWÕUGÕ÷Õ EORN X\JXODPD VUHVLQL
NÕVDOWWÕ÷ÕYHEORNWHNQL÷L\OHROXúDELOHFHNNRPSOLNDV\RQODUÕD]DOWWÕ÷ÕNDQDDWLQGH\L]
Anahtar Kelimeler: ServikaOSOHNVXVEOR÷XNDURWLGHQGDUWHUHNWRPL
120
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P-35
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*|NKDQ3HNHU6HPD7XUDQùHULIH%HNWDúøKVDQ$\ÕN'LOHN.D]DQFÕ*|NoH6HOoXN
hPLW.DUDGHQL]
7UNL\H<NVHNøKWLVDV(÷LWLP9H$UDúWÕUPDHastanesi
%X \D]ÕGD PL\RNDUG LQIDUNWV |Q WDQÕVÕ\OD .RURQHU $QMLRJUDIL .$* SODQODQDQ YH .$*
VÕUDVÕQGD UDGLDO DUWHU NRSPDVÕ QHGHQL\OH DFLO RSHUDV\RQD DOÕQDQ ROJX VXQXOPXúWXU
OLGU:
\DúÕQGDHUNHNKDVWDJ|÷VD÷UÕVÕQHGHQL\OHKDVWDQHPL]DFLOVHUYLVLQHEDúYXUGX(.*¶GH67
HOHYDV\RQX YH NDUGLDN ELRPDUNHUODUÕQGD \NVHNOLN EHOLUOHQPHVL ]HULQH KDVWD .$* QLWHVLQH
DOÕQGÕ .DUGL\RORJODU WDUDIÕQGDQ UDGLDO DUWHUH ) NDQO \HUOHúWLULOGL$QMLRJUDIL WDPDPODQGÕøúOHP
ELWLPLQGHUDGLDODUWHUGHQDQMÕRNDWHWHULJHULoHNLOGL$QFDNNDWHWHUoÕNDUWÕODPDGÕ%XKDOL\OHKDVWD
DFLORODUDNKLEULGDPHOL\DWKDQHRGDVÕQDDOÕQGÕ$QHVWH]LWDUDIÕQGDQGH÷HUOHQGLULOHQKDVWDQÕQORNDO
DQHVWH]L HúOL÷LQGH UDGLDO DUWHUL HNVSORUH HGLOGL$QMÕR NDWHWHUL oÕNDUÕOGÕ $QFDN UDGLDO DUWHULQ
SURNVLPDOGHQ NRSDUDN NDWHWHU ]HULQGH JHOGL÷L J|UOG%X DúDPDGDQ VRQUD JHQHO DQHVWH]L\H
G|QOG+DVWDQÕQ (.*¶VLQGH 67 GHSUHV\RQX EHOLUOHQGL1LWRUJOLVHULQ LQI]\RQX EDúODQGÕ67
GHSUHV\RQXQXQ G]HOGL÷L J|UOG.DOS GDPDU FHUUDKODUÕ WDUDIÕQGDQ UDGLDO WUDVH ER\XQFD UDGLDO
DUWHUSURNVLPDONÕVPÕDUDQGÕ5DGLDODUWHUSURNVLPDOXFXEXOXQDPD\ÕQFD|QFHOLNOHUDGLDODUWHULQ
GLVWDOL ED÷ODQGÕ5DG\RORML X]PDQODUÕ IHPRUDO DUWHUH ) NDQO \HUOHúWLUHUHN VHOHNWLN RODUDN VD÷
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Anahtar
Kelimeler: $RUW
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Anahtar Kelimeler: Protrombin kompleks konsantresi, oral antikoagulan, subdural hematom
131
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Anahtar Kelimeler: Anestezi, aorta, koroner damar anomalisi, pulmoner arter, sendrom
132
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DoÕVÕQGDQ KHPRGLQDPLN VWDELOL]DV\RQXQ \DQÕVÕUD DNFL÷HU NRUX\XFX YHQWLODV\RQ VWUDWHMLOeri
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Anahtar Kelimeler: Asfiksik Torasik Distrofi, Jeune Sendromu, Sepsis
Jeune Sendromu
$VILNVLNWRUDVLNGLVWURILOLKDVWDQÕQJ|÷VGHIRUPLWHVL
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JOXNR]DPLQRJOLNDQODUÕQ YFXWWD ELULNPHVL VRQXFX ROXúDQ ELU JUXS GHSR KDVWDOÕ÷ÕGÕU 7LS 9,
Mukopolisakkaridoz(Maroteaux-/DP\ 6HQGURPX¶GD $ULO VOIDWD]-B
enzimi
eksiktir.
%L] EX ROJXGD 7LS 9, 0XNRSROLVDNNDULGR] WDQÕVÕ LOH WDNLSWH RODQ PLWUDO YDOY UHSODVPDQÕ \DSÕODQ
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Kaynaklar:
1. Toda Y, Takeuchi M, Morita K et al. Complete Heart Block during Anesthetic Management in
a Patient with Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII. Anesthesiology 2001;95:1035-1037
2.Walker RWM, Colovic V, Robinson DN, Dearlove OV. Postobstructive pulmonary oedema
during anaesthesia in children with mucopolysaccharidoses. Paediatric Anaesthesia
2003;13:441-447
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Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a rare familial cardiac
arrhytmia that is characterized by RYR2 or CASQ2 gene mutation. This arrhytmia occurs in
patient with normal heart but that can cause sudden cardiac arrest due to exercise and/or
emotion related ventricular fibrilation (VF). Most often clinical symptom is syncope.
There
is
no
enough
description
of
anesthesia
for
such
patients.
Here we report a case of CPVT and described anesthetic management.
Keywords: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia,
Anahtar Kelimeler: CPVT,Left Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation,Torachal Epidural Anesthesia
exercise ECG
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148
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P-61
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152
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enfeksiyonunun 19nde (%54,2) Acinetobacter trleri izole edilmiútir. Ventilator iliúkili
pnomonilerin (VøP); %53,8inde (14/24) Acinetobacter trleri izole edilmiúken, kateter iliúkili
uriner sistem enfeksiyonlarÕnÕn (Kø86( VDQWUDO YHQR] NDWHWHU LOLúNLOL NDQ GRODúÕPÕ
eQIHNVL\RQODUÕQÕQ 69.ø-.'( SULPHU EDNWHUHPLOHULQ YH FLOW\XPXúDN GRNX HQIHNVL\RQODUÕQGD
EXHWNHQJ|UOPHPLúWLU\ÕOÕQGD<%8sinde geliúen 51 hastane enfeksiyonunun 23nde
(%45) Acinetobacter trleri izole edilmiútir. Vø3¶OHULQ ¶LQGH $FLQHWREDFWHU WUOHULQLQL]ROH
HGLOGL÷L YH DQODPOÕ ELU Gúú ROPDGÕ÷Õ EXQXQ \DQÕ VÕUD GL÷HU KDVWDQH HQIHNVL\RQX WUOHULQGH
|QHPOL
HWNHQ
RODUDN
RUWD\D
oÕNWÕ÷Õ
J|UOPúWU
7DEOR
$QWLPLNUREL\DO GLUHQF RUDQODUÕQD EDNWÕ÷ÕPÕ]GD KHU LNL \ÕOda da tigesiklin ve kolistin direnci
VDSWDQPD]NHQ NDUEDSHQHP LPLSHQHP YH PHURSHQHP NLQRORQ NXúDN VHIDORVSRULQ YH
piperasilin/ tazobaktam (Pip-7D]R GLUHQF RUDQODUÕ YH \ÕOODUÕQGD FLYDUÕQGD
VDSWDQPÕúWÕU $PLQRJOLNR]LW GLUHQF RUDQODUÕ \ÕOÕQGD FLYDUÕQGD\NHQ netilmisin,
gentamisin ve amikasin icin sÕrayla %13, %58 ve %70 olarak saptanmÕútÕr. tablo 2
Sonuo(lar): Acinetobacter enfeksiyonlarÕnÕn tedavisi, bu mikroorganizmanÕn birook antibiyoti÷e
direncli (MDR) olmasÕndan dolayÕ ROGXNoD JoWU %X QHGHQOH DQWLEL\RWLN NXOODQÕPÕQGD ORNDO
HSLGHPL\RORMLN YHULOHULQ EHOLUOHQPHVL YH HQIHNVL\RQ NRQWURO |QOHPOHULQLQ VUGUOPHVL ID\GDOÕ
RODFDNWÕU
Anahtar Kelimeler: $FLQHWREDFWHUKDVWDQHHQIHNVL\RQODUÕ\R÷XQEDNÕPHQIHNVL\RQODUÕ
161
'P)m^<>WDZE^d7szK)hE</DZE)7ϭϵ͘h>h^><KE'Z^7
<R÷XQEDNÕPQLWHVLQGHHWNHQRODQ$EDXPDQLLVXúODUÕQÕQDQWLEL\RWLNGLUHQo\]GH
GD÷ÕOÕPÕ-2012)
Antibiyotik
\ÕOÕGLUHQo\]GH \ÕOÕGLUHQo\]GH
Amikasin
80
70
Gentamisin
77
58
Ampisilin-sulbaktam
100
94
Trimetoprim-sulfametoksazol 90
85
øPLSHQHP
100
89
Meropenem
100
86
Kolistin
0
0
Netilmisin
0
13
Sefotaksim
100
100
Seftazidim
100
100
Seftriakson
100
100
Piperasilin-tazobaktam
100
100
Tigesiklin
0
0
Siprofloksasin
73
80
<R÷XQEDNÕPQLWHVLQGHVÕNJ|UOHQ+(HWNHQL$EDXPDQLLVXúODUÕQÕQGD÷ÕOÕPÕ2012)
2011
9ø3
(n=24 )
2012
Acinetobacter spp.
VD\ÕVÕ
%
14
53,8
Acinetobacter
VSSVD\ÕVÕ
%
9ø3
(n=27 )
14
51,8
(n= 4 )
.ø-h6(
(n=2 )
0
.ø-h6(
(n=2 )
2
100
69.ø-KDE
(n=2 )
0
69.ø-KDE
(n= 2 )
1
50
Primer bakteriemi
0
Primer bakteriemi
(n=1 )
1
100
&LOWYH\XPXúDN
doku enf.
(n= 1 )
0
&LOWYH\XPXúDN
doku enf.
(n= 2 )
2
100
162
'P)m^<>WDZE^d7szK)hE</DZE)7ϭϵ͘h>h^><KE'Z^7
P-68
685ø<(¶'(.øød6$9$ùTA YARALANANLARIN PE5ø23(5$7ø)'g1(0/(5ø1ø1
'(ö(5/(1'ø5ø/0(6ø
6HGDW+DNLPR÷OX1, 0XUDW.DUFÕR÷OX1.DVÕP7X]FX1,úÕO'DYDUFÕ1, Onur Koyuncu1øVPDLO
Dikey1, Selim Selim1$OL6DUÕ10HKPHW$FÕSD\DP2, Celalettin Karatepe20HQHNúH2NúDU1
1
0XVWDID.HPDOhQLYHUVLWHVL$QHVWH]L\RORML%LOLP'DOÕ+DWD\
0XVWDID.HPDOhQLYHUVLWHVL.DOS-Damar &HUUDKLVL%LOLP'DOÕ+DWD\
2
*ø5øù-$0$d 6DYDú VRQUDVÕ DVNHU YH VLYLOOHUGH KD\DWÕ WHKWLW HGHFHN oHúLWOL \DUDODQPDODU
ROXúPDNWDGÕU+DVWDQHPL]H6XUL\H¶GHNLLoVDYDúVRQUDVÕ\DUDOÕEDúYXUXODUÕGLNNDWHGH÷HURUDQGD
DUWPÕúWÕU +DVWDQHPL]H NDEXO HGLOHQ 6XUL\H Lo VDYDúÕQGD \DUDODQDQODUÕQ SHULRSHUDWLI
G|QHPOHULQLQGH÷HUOHQGLULOPHVLDPDoODQPÕúWÕU
*(5(d-<g17(0 dDOÕúPDPÕ]D6XUL\H¶GHNLLoVDYDúWD\DUDODQDQKDVWDQHPL]HNDEXOHGLOHQYH
RSHUDV\RQDDOÕQDQROJXGDKLOHGLOGL9DNDODUÕQ\DúFLQVL\HW\DUDODQPDQÕQWUDWHúLVLODK
SDWODPD\DQPDGHOLFLNHVLFLYHGL÷HUE|OJHVLEDúER\XQJ|÷VDEGRPHQHNVWUHPLWHYH
YDVNOHU \DUDODQPDODUÕ KDVWDQH\H JLULú YLWDO EXOJXODUÕ .$+ 6$% '$% 6S2 YH *ODVNRZ
.RPD6NRUX NDQUQOHULQLQ(67'37DP.DQWUDQI]\RQ VD\ÕVÕRSHUDV\RQVUHVLDQHVWH]L
\|QWHPL JHQHO YH UHM\RQHO SUHRSHUDWLI YH SRVW RSHUDWLI WDP NDQ WHWNLNL KHPRJORELQ
KHPRWRNULWYHSODWHOHWYHPRUWDOLWHRUDQODUÕGH÷HUOHQGLULOGL
BULGULAR: 2OJXODUD X\JXODQDQ DQHVWH]L \|QWHPL ¶QGH JHQHO ¶VÕQGD LVH UHM\RQHO
DQHVWH]L\GL <Dú RUWDODODUÕ -¶GL 3UHRSHUDWLI KHPRJORELQ GH÷HUOHUL LVH JUGO 7DEOR0DM|U\DUDODQPDE|OJHOHULQHJ|UHLVHLONVÕUDGDRUDQÕQGDHNVWUHPLWH
KDVDUÕJHOLULNHQ*UDILN\DUDODQPDWUOHULQHJ|UHGH÷HUOHQGLULOGL÷LQGHLONVÕUDGDDWHúOL
VLODK \DUDODQPDVÕ J|UOPHNWH\GL *UDILN KDVWDODUGDQ VD÷ NDODQODUÕQ RUDQÕ H[LWXV
RODQODUÕQRUDQODUÕLVH¶G7RSODPNDQUQWUDQVI]\RQVD\ÕVÕH[RODQODUGDGDKD\NVHN
RUDQGD J|UOG S *UDILN $\UÕFD H[LWXV RODQODU DWHúOL VLODK YH SDWODPD LOH GDKD VÕN
\DUDODQPÕúODUGÕ DEGRPHQ E|OJHVL YH YDVNOHU \DUDODQPDODU GD GDKD ID]OD J|UOPúW *UDILN
4).
6218d 6DYDúQHGHQLLOHROXúDQ\DUDODQPDODUGDHQID]ODPRUWDOLWHEDúDEGRPHQE|OJHVL
\DUDODQPDODUÕQGDYHYDVNOHUQHGHQOHUHED÷OÕROGX÷XJ|UOPHNWHGLU(QID]OD\DUDODQPDODU
HNVWUHPLWHOHUGHJ|UOPúWU([LWXVRODQKDVWDODUGD\DúD\DQODUDJ|UHDQODPOÕGHUHFHGHID]OD
NDQQDNOL\DSÕOGÕ÷ÕJ|]OHPOHQPLúWLU
Anahtar Kelimeler: VDYDúSHULRSHUDWLf, travma anestezi
163
'P)m^<>WDZE^d7szK)hE</DZE)7ϭϵ͘h>h^><KE'Z^7
*UDILN<DUDODQPDE|OJHOHULQHJ|UHKDVWDVD\ÕODUÕ
*UDILN<DUDODQPDWUQHJ|UHVD\ÕODUÕ
164
'P)m^<>WDZE^d7szK)hE</DZE)7ϭϵ͘h>h^><KE'Z^7
*UDILN&DQOÕYHH[LWXVRODQODUDYHULOHQWRSODPNDQYHUQVD\ÕODUÕS
*UDILN&DQOÕYHH[LWXVRODQODUÕQ\DUDODQPDE|OJHOHULLOHLOLúNLVLSS
165
'P)m^<>WDZE^d7szK)hE</DZE)7ϭϵ͘h>h^><KE'Z^7
Tablo 1
Min Max
Ortalama SD
<Dú\ÕO
3
68
29,05
11,53
.$+DWÕPGN
7
171
99,05
22,53
SpO2 (%)
48
100
98,29
4,12
SAB (mmHg)
49
178
119,1
22,03
DAB (mmHg)
17
108
70,61
15,82
GSK
3
15
13,68
2,95
2SHUDV\RQVUHVLGN 20
475
149,74
96,7
$QHVWH]L<|QWHPL
Genel
Rejyonel
80,6
8,6
Erkek
.DGÕQ
94
6
Cinsiyet (%)
Demografik veriler
Tablo 2
Min
Max
Ortalama SD
Preoperatif Hgb (g/dl)
3,5
16,9 11
2,5
Preoperatif Htc (%)
9,9
47,9 32,7
8
3UHRSHUDWLISODWHOHWA—/
16
1205 330,9
193,1
Postoperatif Hgb (g/dl)
5,9
15,1 10,3
2
Postoperatif Htc (%)
18,1 44,5 30,8
3RVWRSHUDWLISODWHOHWA—/ 60,6 1146 338,6
6,2
225,2
(6VD\ÕVÕ
0
50
2,6
5,4
7DP.DQ6D\ÕVÕ
0
1
0
0,1
TDP 6D\ÕVÕ
0
22
0,8
2,6
7RSODPYHULOHQNDQUQVD\ÕVÕ 0
68
3,5
7,5
.DQ'H÷HUOHULYHNDQUQOHULNXOODQÕPÕ
166
'P)m^<>WDZE^d7szK)hE</DZE)7ϭϵ͘h>h^><KE'Z^7
P-69
%ø5ø1&ø%$6$0$.<2ö81%$.,0h1ø7(6ø1'(<ATAN HASTALARIN PROGNOZU
7X÷ED'R÷X1, Ziyaattin Karakuzu1ùHQQXU.DWÕ2'HU\Dg]GHQ2PD\JHQo3
1
dDQ'HYOHW+DVWDQHVL$QHVWH]L\RORMLYH5HDQLPDV\RQ.OLQL÷LdDQDNNDOH
2
dDQ'HYOHW+DVWDQHVL1|URORML.OLQL÷LdDQDNNDOH
3
+DVHNL(÷LWLPYH$UDúWÕUPD+DVWDQHVL$QHVWH]LYH5HDQLPDV\RQ.OLQL÷LøVWDQEXO
$0$d
dDQDNNDOH dDQ 'HYOHW +DVWDQHVL <R÷XQ %DNÕP hQLWHVL <%h¶QGH WDNLS HGLOHQ KDVWDODUÕQ
GHPRJUDILN |]HOOLNOHULQLQ \DWÕú WDQÕODUÕQÕQ LQYD]LY YH QRQLQYD]LY JLULúLP VÕNOÕ÷ÕQÕQ \R÷XQ
EDNÕPGD NDOÕú VUHOHULQLQ VHYN RUDQODUÕQÕQ \R÷XQ EDNÕP PRUWDOLWHVL YH PRUWDOLWH\L HWNLOH\HQ
IDNW|UOHUin belirlenmesi hedeflenmLúWLU
MATERYAL ve METOD
1LVDQYH1LVDQWDULKOHULDUDVÕQGDELULQFLEDVDPDN<%h¶QGHWDNLSHGLOHQYHYHULOHULQH
WDPXODúÕODQKDVWDQÕQGRV\DODUÕWDUDQDUDNUHWURVSHNWLIELUoDOÕúPDG]HQOHQGL<%h¶PL]VHNL]
\DWDNOÕ ROXSDQHVWH]L YH Q|URORML X]PDQODUÕ WDUIÕQGDQ DNWLI RODUDN NXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU
Bulgular
+DVWDODUÕQ RUWDODPD \DúÕ “ LGL (Q VÕN HúOLN HGHQ KDVWDOÕNODU KLSHUWDQVL\RQ
NURQLN REVWUXNWLI DNFL÷HU KDVWDOÕ÷Õ.2$+ LNHQ HQ VÕN \DWÕú WDQÕODUÕ LODo
intoksikasyonu(%22,5), serebURYDVNOHU ROD\ .2$+ DOHYOHQPHVL\GL +DVWDODU\R÷XQEDNÕPDoR÷XQOXNODDFLOVHUYLVWHQWUDQVIHUHGLOPLúWL1RQLQYD]LYPHNDQLN
YHQWLODV\RQ 1ø09 HQ VÕN X\JXODQDQ JLULúLPGL WDNLEHQ DUWHUL\HO NDWHWHUL]DV\RQ VÕN
X\JXODQDQ JLULúLPGL (QWEH HGLOLS VHYN HGLOHQ KDVWDODUÕQ RUDQÕ LNHQ <%h¶QGHQ
WRSODP VHYN RUDQÕ LGL 2UWDODPD <%h NDOÕú VUHVL JQG *HQHO <%h PRUWDOLWHVL
LGL øOHUL \Dú <%h¶QGH NDOÕú VUHVLQLQ JQGHQ X]XQ ROPDVÕDUWHUL\HO NDWHWHUL]DV\RQ
iKWL\DFÕ LOH <%h¶QH NDEXO VÕUDVÕQGD KHPRGLQDPLN LQVWDELOLWH J|UOPHVL YH RQNRORMLN KDVWDOÕNODU
<%h PRUWDOLWHVLQL DUWWÕUPÕúWÕU 6ROXQXP \HWPH]OL÷L LOH <%h¶QH \DWÕú YH PRQLWRUL]DV\RQ
JHUHNVLQLPLLOH<%h¶QH\DWÕú <%hPRUWDOLWHVLQLD]DOWPÕúWÕU
6218d
Solunum yHWPH]OL÷LLOH\DWÕúÕ\DSÕODQKDVWDODUÕQ<%hPRUWDOLWHVLQLGúUPHVLQLQ<%h¶QLQ1,09
RUDQÕQÕQ \NVHN ROPDVÕ LOH LOLúNLOL ROGX÷XQX NDQÕVÕQGD\Õ] (QWEH HGLOLS VHYN HGLOHQ KDVWDODUÕQ
RUDQÕQÕQGúPHVLQGHGH1,09HWNLOLROPXúWXU6RQXoRODUDNELULQFLEDVDPDN<%h¶OHULQLQ\HWHUOL
HNLSPDQYHGHVWHNLOHoQFEDVDPDN<%h¶OHULQLQLú\NQYHVRUXPOXOX÷XQXSD\ODúDELOHFHN
L\LDOWHUQDWLIOHUROGX÷XQXGúQ\RUX]
Anahtar Kelimeler: <R÷XQEDNÕPPRUWDOLWHVL<R÷XQEDNÕPQLWHVL
167
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P-70
7h5.ø<(C'(.2521(5$RTER BAYPASS &(55$+ø6ø6,5$6,1'$%g/*(6(/
6(5(%5$/2.6ø-(16$7h5$6<2187$.ø%ø1ø1*(5øg'(0(%h7d(6ø1(
327$16ø<(/(7.ø6ø
Guvenc Kockaya2NDQ$NÕQ0DU\(UVORQ6FRWW.HOO\6XOWDQ2]FDQ
Covidien
$0$d .DUGL\RYDVNOHUKDVWDOÕNODUÕQEDNÕPÕVD÷OÕNVLVWHPOHULLoLQ |QHPOLELUNRQXGXU.RURQHU
DUWHU.$ KDVWDOÕ÷ÕQÕQ WHGDYLVLQGH NRURQHU DUWHU ED\SDVV JUHIW FHUUDKLVL.%*&
X\JXODQPDNWDGÕU 2SHUDV\RQ VRQUDVÕ PDOL\HWOHUGH \R÷XQ EDNÕP<% YH DNXW LQPH$ø |QHPOL
ELU\HUWXWPDNWDGÕU7UNL\H¶GH<%YH$ø6RV\DO*YHQOLN.XUXPX6*.¶QÕQ.%*&CLQHDLWSDNHW
|GHPHVLQH LODYH |GHPH DOPDNWDGÕU .%*& VÕUDVÕQGD E|OJHVHO VHUHEUDO RNVLMHQ
VDWXUDV\RQXU62WDNLELQLQHIHNWLINXOODQÕPÕ<%CGDNDOÕúVUHVLQLJQGHQJQH$ø
LQVLGDQVÕQÕGD¶GHQ¶HGúUPHNWHGLUdDOÕúPDQÕQDPDFÕ7UNL\H¶GH.%*&VÕUDVÕQGD
U62WDNLELQLQKDVWDJHUL|GHPHEWoHVLQHSRWDQVL\HOHWNLVLQLKHVDSODPDNYH6*.¶QÕQU62LoLQ
\DSDFD÷Õ HN |GHPHQLQ .%*& VRQUDVÕQG$ <% YH $ø LoLQ \DSWÕ÷Õ |GHPHOHUH SRWDQVL\HO HWNLVLQL
modellemektir.
<g17(0-*(5(d/(5 7UNL\H¶GHNL.%*&SURVHGUVD\ÕVÕQÕQ¶GHWDKPLQHQROGX÷X
(Covidien ICD- dDOÕúPDVÕ YH KHU \ÕO 8OXVDO .DOS 6D÷OÕ÷Õ 3ROLWLNDVÕ DUWWÕ÷Õ NDEXO
HGLOPLúWLU 6*.¶QÕQ SURVHGUOHULQ ¶LQL NDSVDGÕ÷Õ NDEXO HGLOPLúWLU <R÷XQ EDNÕP NDOÕú
maliyetleri 6*.¶GDQ DOÕQPÕúWÕU $NXW LQPH PDOL\HWL \D\ÕPODQPÕú YHULOHUGHQ HOGH HGLOPLúWLU
+DVWDEDúÕ U62 JHUL |GHPHVL 7/ RODUDN DOÕQPÕúWÕU &RYLGLHQ ,1926Œ WHN NXOODQÕPOÕN
VHQV|UOHULQLQ PDOL\HWL*HUL |GHQPH\OH ELUOLNWH .%*&CQGH U62 NXOODQÕP RUDQÕ ¶WH 20¶WH YH ¶WH LQGLUJHPH RUDQÕ LVH RODUDN NDEXO HGLOPLúWLU
BULGULAR: 0HYFXW GXUXPGD .%*&CVLQL WDNLEHQ <% YH $øCQLQ 6*. WDKPLQL PDOL\HWL YH \ÕOODUÕQGD VÕUDVÕ\OD YH PLO\RQ 7/ RODELOLU $QFDN HN |GHPH
KBGC`nde r62¶QLQ NXOODQÕPÕQÕ NROD\ODúWÕUÕUVD .%*&CQL WDNLEHQ ROXúDFDN <% YH $øCOHULQ
6*.¶\D SRWDQVL\HO PDOL\HWL GH EX \ÕOODUGD YH PLO\RQ 7/¶\H GúHELOLU
6218d/$5 .$%* VRQUDVÕ <% YH $ø PDOL\HWL ROGXNoD \NVHNWLU .%*& VÕUDVÕQGD U62¶\H HN
|GHPH <% YH $ø PDOL\HWOHULQL YH \ÕOODUÕ DUDVÕQGD WRSODPGD \DNODúÕN PLO\RQ 7/
azaltabilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: VHUHEUDORNVLMHQPRQLW|UL]DV\RQXPDOL\HW-analizi
168
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8/86$/.21*5(6ø
ø1'(.6
169
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170
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A
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$KPHW(UGDO7$6&ø
$KPHW.ø5'(0
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$KPHW5Õ]Dg=.$1
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$NÕQ$<'2ö$1
$OHYù$</$1
$OL$.'2ö$1
$OLdø)7dø
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$OL*h5%h=
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$OL6$5,*h/
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$OS<(17h5
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$QGDo%XUWDQ'('(2ö/8
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P-07, P-28
P-36
P-39, P-41, P-42, P-55
P-39, P-41, P-42
S-04, SSY-04
SSY-04
P-36, P-37, P-38, P-40, P-53, P-66, P-67
P-04
P-09
P-52
S-04
P-44
P-55
SSY-02
P-44
S-04, SSY-04
P-28
P-64
S-07
S-09, S-10
P-20, P-68
P-18
P-46
P-31, P-34
P-15
P-17, P-48, P-51
P-55
S-05, SSY-05
P-38
S-03, P-09, P-11, P-26
SSY-01, SSY-07
S-10
S-05
P-31, P-34
P-06
P-62
P-48
S-05, SSY-05
P-04
S-02, P-05
P-53, P-66, P-67
P-57, P-58
P-63
P-67
P-09, P-12, P-19, P-45
P-66, P-67
P-63
P-12, P-44
S-07
P-03
P-65
171
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%DúDU(5'ø9$1/,
Bedih BALKAN
%HUQD(5*h1
%LOJH%DQX7$ù'(0ø5
Binnur SARIHASAN
%LU]DW(PUH*g/%2<8
%RUD$<.$d
%X÷UD+$50$1'$5
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%OHQW6$<
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Burhan MEYDAN
%úUD7(=&$1
P-09, P-19, P-26, P-27, P-45
P-36, P-37, P-38, P-40, P-66
P-25
P-32, P-33
P-43
P-24
S-09, S-10
P-06
SSY-03
P-22
P-18
P-12, P-33
S-02, P-02, P-03, P-04
P-10, P-11
C
dD÷DWD\7(=(/
dD÷ODg=%$.,ùAKKURT
Cahide KOZAN
&DQDQ*h/(5
&DQDQh1/h
Celalettin KARATEPE
Cem ALHAN
&HP$5,7h5.
&HPDO$VÕP.87/8
&HQJL]d(9ø.
&HQJL]ù$+872ö/8
&HQJL]8*øù
dL÷GHP'(1.(5
dL÷GHP<,/',5,0*hd/h
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P-02, P-03
P-20
P-30
S-07
P-46
P-68
S-08, SSY-06, SSY-08, P-23
S-08, SSY-06, SSY-08, P-23
P-49
SSY-02
P-56, P-57, P-58, P-60, P-61
P-62
P-52
P-52
SSY-05
D
Demet ALTUN
Deniz AVAN
Deniz KARAKAYA
'HU\Dg='(120$<*(1d
Dilek KAZANCI
Dilek KOCA
'LOHN.87$1ø6
'R÷Xú$ö'$1/,
P-46
S-07, P-49
P-24
P-69
P-12, P-19 P-33, P-35, P-45,
P-50
S-04, SSY-04, P-64
P-14
E
Ebru KELSAKA
Ece ALTINAY
Eda AKSOY
Ekrem YILMAZ
Elif BOMBACI
P-24
S-07, P-49
P-52
S-07
P-63
172
'P)m^<>WDZE^d7szK)hE</DZE)7ϭϵ͘h>h^><KE'Z^7
(OLId23852ö/8
(OLI'2ö$1%$.,
(OYLQ.(6ø0&ø
Engin (57h5.
Engin KIVRAK
(QJLQ8ö85
(UGDO'2ö$1
Erdal OKUR
Erdem DUMAN
Erkan CURE
(UNDQ&h5(
Erman PEKTOK
Esin ERKEK
(VLQg=7h5.%$ù
(VOHPø1&(
Esra AYBAL
(úUHI+DVDQ.$5$%8/87
(\S0XUDWg.7(1
S-02, P-05
P-08
P-07, P-28
S-04, SSY-04, P-64
P-63
P-65
P-39, P-41, P-42, P-55
P-03
P-64
P-66
P-53, P-67
P-65
S-08, SSY-06, SSY-08
P-61
P-19
P-55
S-08, SSY-06, SSY-08, P-23
SSY-08, P-23
F
Fahri ADALI
)DUXN6(5+$7/,2ö/8
Fatma ERASLAN
)DWPD8.ø/
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)HUDW$.*h/(5'ø/
)HUKDWù$0/,
Fevzi TORAMAN
)H\]Ld(/ø.
Fikret BAYAR
)LOL]&2ù.81
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P-08
P-47, P-50
P-45
SSY-03
P-56, P-57, P-58, P-60, P-61
P-21
P-22
S-08, SSY-06, SSY-08, P-23
P-41
P-34
SSY-03
S-07, SSY-07
G
Gamze SARKILAR
*|NDOS$/781
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P-18
S-04, SSY-04, P-64
P-35, P-44
P-62
P-32, P-35
S-01, S-02, P-01, P-02, P-03, P-04, P-05
P-14
SSY-06
P-25
P-21
S-10
S-03
P-25
P-27
P-70
173
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H
H. Cemal KAHRAMAN
+DFHU$\úHQ<$958
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Hanife KARAKAYA KABUKCU
Hanife UZEL
Hasan ESEN
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+VH\LQ0$d,.$
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P-47
P-46
P-41
P-36
P-16
SSY-01, SSY-07, P-49
P-25
P-08
P-13, P-30
P-08
P-18
S-10
P-24
P-36
P-29
P-29
I-ø
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P-16
P-35
P-46
P-22
SSY-02, P-20, P-68
P-47
P-39, P-42
P-17, P-51
P-68
P-43
SSY-04
P-15
J
-OLGH6$<,1.$57
S-08, SSY-06, SSY-08, P-23, P-29
K
.DGLU'2ö58(5
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S-06
P-53
P-06
SSY-02, P-20, P-68
P-20
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174
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L
Lale KARABIYIK
Levent ALPAY
Leyla AKIN
/H\OD.$=$1&,2ö/8
P-22
P-03
P-47
P-40, P-67
M
Mahmut ARSLAN
0DKPXW'8508ù
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0HGLQH&80+85&h5(
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P-64
P-21
P-70
P-67
P-66
P-68
S-07
P-39, P-42
P-55
P-41
P-39, P-42
P-64
SSY-05
SSY-08
P-20, P-68
P-49
P-65
P-43
P-19
P-59
SSY-02
P-16
S-09, S-10
P-25
SSY-02, P-20, P-68
S-08, SSY-06
SSY-05
S-07
P-08
P-08
P-29
P-03
P-54
P-52
P-52
P-17, P-48, P-51
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Nagihan KARAHAN
P-50
P-63
S-09, S-10
175
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SSY-03
P-08
S-06
P-10, P-11
P-65
P-65
P-16
P-13, P-30
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Onur PALABIYIK
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S-07
P-70
P-13
P-63
S-03
SSY-07
P-59
SSY-02, P-20, P-68
P-31, P-34
S-10
P-07, P-28
P-41
S-02, P-04
P-25
P-30
P-14
S-03, P-10, P-11
P-21
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P-62
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S-08, SSY-06, SSY-08
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P-58
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P-55
P-56, P-57, P-58, P-60, P-61
P-68
SSY-02, P-20
P-12, P-19, P-32, P-33, P-35, P-45
S-09, S-10
P-69
P-31, P-34
P-08
P-18
P-63
P-12, P-32, P-33, P-35
P-52
P-07
P-23
P-37, P-40
P-16
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P-65
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P-10, P-11
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P-41
P-64
P-59
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P-09
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P-07, P-28
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P-38
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P-13
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Volkan KURU
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S-09, S-10
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Y
Yakup TOMAK
P-31, P-34
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P-09, P-10
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SSY-07
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P-53
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Zeliha TUNCEL
Zerrin BEYKAL
Zerrin PULATHAN
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Zeynep TOSUN
Zeynep Baysal YILDIRIM
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P-65
P-25
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P-21
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P-64
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P-47, P-50
P-39, P-42, P-55
P-69
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178
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NOT
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͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
179
'P)m^<>WDZE^d7szK)hE</DZE)7ϭϵ͘h>h^><KE'Z^7
NOT
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
180
'P)m^<>WDZE^d7szK)hE</DZE)7ϭϵ͘h>h^><KE'Z^7
NOT
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
181
'P)m^<>WDZE^d7szK)hE</DZE)7ϭϵ͘h>h^><KE'Z^7
NOT
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
182
'P)m^<>WDZE^d7szK)hE</DZE)7ϭϵ͘h>h^><KE'Z^7
NOT
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
183
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NOT
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙
184
1990

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