The Example of Malaysia

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A Unique Policy Development Outside Europe:
The Example of Malaysia
Ir. Ahmad Hadri Haris
[email protected]
National Project Leader
MBIPV Project
Malaysia Energy Centre (PTM)
MBIPV in 2006: Positioning the Cornerstone
2
Potential of Solar Power in Malaysia
Malaysia:
Total electricity consumed in 2005 = 85 TWh
Total land area = 328,550 km2
Average irradiance =1,643 kWh/m2/yr
If PV is to supply the total electricity, it will
occupy only 431 km2 or 0.13% total land
area!
3
Malaysia: Net Oil & Gas Exporter
Malaysia
Source: Petronas
4
Cheap Electricity Price due to Subsidy
1,000.00
Subsidised NG price: RM6.40/mmBTU
(market RM22-30/mmBTU)
900.00
800.00
700.00
600.00
RM/MWh
Petronas subsidised natural gas prices
for electricity generation, amounting to
RM11.7 billion (€2.5 billion) in 2006
500.00
400.00
300.00
200.00
100.00
Peak - OC
(gas)
Capacity Cost
Inter - CC
(gas)
Base - gas
(gas)
Energy Cost
Base - PC
(Coal)
Subsidy
5
Development of Solar Programme
2 LFA (Logical Framework Analysis)
workshops
1 stakeholders seminar
>200 participants total
Stakeholders: Government, industry,
finance, NGOs, R&D, universities, etc.
6
…via Logical Framework Analysis
PROBLEM ANALYSIS
Stakeholder analysis - classification
ACEM, SNO, Redha, JKR, TNB,
UNITEN,
MECM, MHLG, Consumer, Putrajaya
Holding, SIRIM
Pro
GHG lead to Global Warming
Shell Solar, Poul (LEO Building),
Building Council, UM, BP Solar,
MAVCAP, Grenidea, MEPA, NGO,
AES, MOSTE
Fossil Fuel is Polluting
PV cannot be implemeted widely
People do not buy PV
2 1
Petronas, Banks, Policy makers,
3 4
IPPs, other RE industries, EPU
Active
Passive
BIPV Not Attractive
Not Aware of PV Technologies
BIPV is still
research in M alaysia
Electricity price is low
Finance
Expensive
Implementation
of RE
Policy Progessing Slow
Too much emphasis
on other RE forms other
than PV
Lack of (a) publicity (b) training
(c) sucess stories (d) environment
impact of use (e) cultural
acceptance
PV is expensive
Competing sources of
power supply
Finance not obtainable
not available
No Malaysian
Standardization PV Utility inter ties
Accreditation programme
for solar companies
No policy on buying
rate from PV
(a) insufficient comformity
of back up supprt
(b) lack of iincentives
Small Volume
has high m anufacturing
costs
No Finance Scheme
No by laws
gazetted regarding
connected PV
Contra
Reduce Global
warming
and pollution
OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS
Minimise
use of fossil fuel
Strategy analysis – summary
Energy source
sustainable
PV implemented
widely
GOAL (long term >20 y)
To contribute to sustainable development through
cheaper energy use, less reliance & more selfefficiency
OUTCOME / PURPOSE
(long term 10-20y)
To contribute towards sustainable commercial BIPV
market in Malaysia (without subsidies)
People
will buy
BIPV is
attractive
PV energy price
reflect cost
OUTPUT
(for project 5 y)
ESTABLISHED
NATIONAL
TARGETS
AFFORDABLE
BIPV SYSTEM
IN MALAYSIA
TECHNICALLY
DEVELOPED
MARKET
INCREASED PUBLIC
ACCEPTANCE OF
BIPV
All power source
treated equally
PV
affordable
High Volume
Low Manufacturing
Cost
More PV players
become competent
Low
Transaction
Cost
Financing is
cheap
Funding
Available
RE Policy Implemented
Successfully
Malaysian standard
on
interconnected
established
PV Given
Priority
By back rate reasonable
low gazeted
and enforced
7
…created Comprehensive Programme
Project Planning Matrix
8
MBIPV Project (2005 - 2010)
Objective: To reduce GHG emission by reducing long-term cost of BIPV
technology via development of a sustainable BIPV market
Component 1:
BIPV information
services, awareness
and capacity building
programme
Component 2:
BIPV market
enhancement &
infrastructure
development
programme
Component 3:
BIPV policies and
financing mechanisms
programme
Component 4:
BIPV industry
development and
technology
localisation
programme
Targets:
330% increased of BIPV capacity against baseline
20% reduction of BIPV unit cost from baseline
BIPV Programme in 10th Malaysia Plan (10MP)
Post MBIPV Project: Sustainable & widespread BIPV applications, National BIPV
programme with 30% annual BIPV growth and further cost reduction
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C2: financial &
technical support
C1, C2: quality
installations (ISP
accredited training)
C4: quality products,
C1: quality services
C1: consumer
awareness &
appreciation
C3: grid access, net-meter, license
C2: monitoring
C1: policy makers
C3: RE-FIT (future)
10
BIPV Showcase: Office
PTM-ZEO (zero energy office): 92 kWp
System A: 47.28kWp (polycrystalline)
System B: 6.08kWp (amorphous)
B
A
C
D
D
System C: 11.6kWp (glass-glass, mono)
System D: 27kWp (monocrystalline)
11
BIPV Showcase: University
Monash University (Malaysia)
7.36 kWp amorphous thin-film
12
BIPV Showcase: Residential Homes
Multiple BIPV bungalows at Precinct 16,
Putrajaya by Senandung Budiman S/B
13
BIPV Demonstration: Private Buildings
14
SURIA 1000: Public Programme
Results to date:
(For 1st and 2nd Calls)
30 houses
151.98 kWp total (vs 100 kWp)
RM 2,049,123 of rebate
RM 2,025,383 of public
contributions (50%)
3rd Call: 90 kWp
4th Call: 120 kWp
5th Call: 140 kWp
6th Call: 160 kWp
7th Call: 180 kWp
Suria for Developer: 340 kWp
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SURIA 1000: Capacity Impact
SURIA 1000: BIPV Capacity
180
387%
160
246%
140
kWp
120
156%
100
80
154.66
100%
60
40
147.87
146%
100%
93.72
60
20
58.26
40
0
Planned
Received
1st Call
Successful (Approved)
2nd Call
16
SURIA 1000: Impact on WTP
SURIA 1000: Average Willingness to Pay
2,500,000
50.2%
2,000,000
38.3%
1,500,000
RM
51.7%
2,015,479
1,000,000
46.7%
1,703,990
30%
500,000
1,264,189
25%
761,194
522,000
300,000
0
Planned
Received
1st Call
2nd Call
17
SURIA 1000: Encourages Healthy Competition
SURIA 1000: Average BIPV Unit Price
31,000
30,000
30,000
28,793
29,000
28,006
RM/kWp
29,000
28,000
GCPV System
6 months
27,000
27,165
26,000
-7%
PV Modules
-11%
Inverter
-15%
M&E Works
+10%
26,067
25,000
24,000
Planned
Received
1st Call
2nd Call
18
Impact of Programme: Cost Reduction > Target
35,000
(Baseline)
31,410
31,410
31,096
30,782
Target
30,154
Actual
29,525
30,000
28,583
27,641
26,384
28,817
27,769
25,000
25,128
(Target)
Dec 09
Jun 09
Dec 08
Jun 08
Dec 07
June 07
Jun 06
20,000
Dec 06
26,094
2006 Prices:
• Japan: RM21/Wp
• Germany: RM23/Wp
• USA: 27/Wp
• South Korea: 29/Wp
Jun 10
29,300
Dec 05
Unit Cost Grid Connected PV
System [RM/kWp]
Unit Cost of Grid Connected PV System in Malaysia
Month-Year
Status (31/12/2007): RM26,094/kWp ±5%
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Impact: Progressive Increased of kWp
Cumulative Grid Connected PV Capacity in Malaysia
(Inclusive of Awarded Suria 1000)
(Target)
Target
2,000
Actual
1,500
1,000
2,013
1,768
1,608
1,063
943
789
658
663
598
486
473
482
473
468
(Baseline)
468
500
Jun 10
Dec 09
Jun 09
Dec 08
Jun 08
Dec 07
June 07
Dec 06
Jun 06
Dec 05
Grid Connected PV Capcity [kWp]
2,500
Month-Year
Status (31/12/2007): 789 kWp (inclusive
awarded SURIA 1000)
20
Impact: PV Technology in IMP-3
IMP-3 launched by Prime Minister
19th August 2006
on
IMP-3: 15-year industry development plan
(2006 to 2020)
21
Incentive to PV & Equipment Manufacturers
Special tax incentive
Special land & infrastructure
packages
Reliable, good quality and low
cost supply of electricity & water
Location between East and West
with good political stability
Established wafer & media
storage manufacturers with
highly skilled labours and
excellent value chain support
Malaysian Industrial Development Authority
(MIDA)
Block 4, Plaza Sentral, Jalan Stesen Sentral 5, Kuala
Lumpur Sentral, 50470 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Tel : 603-2267 3633, Fax : 603-2274 7970
Email : [email protected]
First Solar (663 MW in Kulim),
aluminum frames supply,
Website: http://www.mida.gov.my
equipment manufacturing &
clean room equipment MBIPV in 2006: Positioning the Cornerstone
22
MBIPV Project: Lessons Learned
Challenges:
Developing country: competition for fund, regulated electricity price
Oil/gas net-exporting country: subsidised electricity, cheaper to use
fossil fuel based energy
Development programme (policy):
Creates umbrella to prepare market (public, industry, policy makers)
Strengthen public acceptance & industry readiness
Stimulates competitive system prices in the market
Encourages higher public willingness to pay
Leads to transition from capital based incentive to performance based
incentive (RE-FIT)
MBIPV fund: RM19.6 million
Capital based (MBIPV)
Performance based
1545 kWp
653 kWp
50% grant
For 21 years at RM1.30/kWh
23
Success in MBIPV today builds confidence towards
long-term solar target & RE-FIT
Market Potential of RE Power Generation Capacity,
based on Corresponding Annual Growth Rate
30%
8,000.0
Note: Conservative PV growth rate for Malaysia
7,000.0
25%
5,000.0
Note: Realistic biomass growth rate for Malaysia
15%
4,000.0
3,000.0
10%
2,000.0
5%
1,000.0
RE (Non-PV) Annual Growth Rate (%)
BIPV Annual Growth Rate (%)
BIPV Cum. MW Capacity
2050
2049
2048
2047
2046
2045
2044
2043
2042
2041
2040
2039
2038
2037
2036
2035
2034
2033
2032
2031
2030
2029
2028
2027
2026
2025
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
0%
2010
Growth Rate %
20%
RE Cumulative MW Capacity
6,000.0
RE (Non-PV) Cum. MW Capacity
24
Thank You
Pusat Tenaga Malaysia
No.2, Jalan 9/10,
Persiaran Usahawan,
Seksyen 9,
43650 Bandar Baru Bangi,
Selangor Darul Ehsan
Tel: 03-8921 0800
Fax: 03-8921 0802
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.ptm.org.my/bipv
25

The Example of Malaysia

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