View

_____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2015__________
333
LIST OF BIRD SPECIES FROM KIZILIRMAK VALLEY
IN KIRIKKALE (TURKEY)
Ayşegül İliker* and İrfan Albayrak**
* Aşağı Öveçler Mahallesi 1066. Cadde 1292. Sokak No:10/3 Çankaya, Ankara, TÜRKİYE.
** Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, 71450, Yahşihan,
Kırıkkale, TÜRKİYE. E-mail: [email protected]
[İliker, A. & Albayrak, İ. 2015. List of bird species from Kızılırmak Valley in Kırıkkale
(Turkey). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 10 (1): 333-341]
ABSTRACT: This study is based on the bird species of the Kızılırmak Valley in Kırıkkale
between the years 2010-2012. A total of 263 bird species belonging to 49 families of orders
Podicipediformes, Pelecaniformes, Ciconiiformes, Phoenicopteriformes, Anseriformes,
Falconiformes, Galliformes, Gruiformes, Charadiiformes, Columbiformes, Cuculiformes,
Strigiformes, Apodiformes, Coraciiformes, Piciformes and Passeriformes orders were
recorded in this study. Of these species, 93 are residents, 82 summer migrants, 51 winter
migrants and 37 transit migrants. According to IUCN criteria; Egyptian vulture (Neophron
percnopterus), saker falcon (Falco cherrug) and velvet scoter (Melanitta fusca) are in the
endengared (EN) category; marbled teal (Marmoronette angustirostris), great bustard (Otis
tarda), aquatic warbler (Acrocephalus paludicola) are in the vulnareble (VU) category and
ferruginous duck (Aythya nyroca), red kite (Milvus milvus), pallid harrier (Circus
macrourus), red footed falcon (Falco verpertinus), great snipe (Gallinago media), rock
partridge (Alectoris graeca), black tailed godwit (Limosa limosa), European roller
(Coracias garrulus), semi collared flycatcher (Ficedula semitorquata) are in the near
thretaned (NT) category.
KEY WORDS: Kızılırmak Valley, Ornithofauna, Kırıkkale, Turkey
It has been reported that 9916 bird species live in the world (Green and
Moorhouse, 1995). According to the International Union for Conservation of
Nature (IUCN), there are 10064 bird species in the world (Anonymous, 2012).
According to the records, it has been stated that 10052 bird species live in the
world (Anonymous, 2013). According to Newton and Dale (2001), the Palearctic
region comprises 14% of the bird species in the world and 10% of bird types. Cox
(2010) indicated that there are 9930 bird species belonging 204 families in the
world, at least 2600 species from 141 families migrate and this number
constitutes approximately 26.2% of all species.
According to the records, number of the bird species in Turkey differ from
each other. These numbers are as follows; 403 according to Ergene (1945), 500550 according to Kumerloeve (1962), 376 according to Baran & Yılmaz (1984),
426 according to Kiziroğlu (1989), 421 according to Turan (1990), 449 according
to Bilgin (1994), 450 according to Kasparek & Bilgin (1996), 453 according to
Kirwan et al. (1998), and 450 according to Kiziroğlu (2009).
The purpose of this study is to identify the local, migrant and transit migrant
bird species from Kızılırmak Valley in Kırıkkale.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study is based on the data obtained through a research conducted in
Kırıkkale for 178 days between 2010 and 2012 (Fig. 1).
The field was visited every two weeks and the observations were made in
daytime generally after dawn until nightfall. Bird species in the field were
334
_____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2015__________
recorded with cameras, binoculars and through direct observation method.
Records were kept through observations on certain spots and lines and species
were determined. Identification books and voice records were used to determine
the morphological characters of the species.
Bird species observed in the study area were evaluated in four groups based on
their observation times. Accordingly; bird species that can be observed and
reproduce all the year around are called “Resident Birds (R)”, bird species
arriving to spend the winter are called “Winter Migrant (WM)”, bird species
arriving to reproduce and spend the summer are called “Summer Migrant (SM)”
and bird species observed while migrating are called “Transit Migrant (T)”. Bird
species observation times in the valley, habitat characteristics and Endangered
(protection status) categories were specified in this study.
In addition, conservation status of the species were also specified according to
the Red List published by the “International Union for Conservation of Nature” or
the World Conservation Union (IUCN). Bird species were classified based on the
categories “Extinct (EX)”, “Critically Endangered (CR)”, “Endangered (EN)”,
“Vulnerable (VU)”, “Near Threatened (NT)”, “Least Concern (LC)” and “Data
Deficient (DD)” (Anonymous, 2001).
In this study, 178 field surveys were performed between the years of 2010 and
2012 (Table 1).
RESULTS
A total of 178 field surveys were conducted within the scope of this study in a
period of 24 months in Kırıkkale and 263 species in total were identified in 49
families belonging to 16 orders (Podicipediformes, Pelecaniformes, Ciconiiformes,
Phoenicopteriformes, Anseriformes, Falconiformes, Galliformes, Gruiformes,
Charadiiformes, Columbiformes, Cuculiformes, Strigiformes, Apodiformes,
Coraciiformes, Piciformes, Passeriformes), (Podicipedidae, Phalacrocoracidae,
Ardeidae,
Ciconiidae,
Thereskionithidae,
Phoenicopteridae,
Anatidae,
Accipitridae,
Falconidae,
Phasianidae,
Rallidae,
Gruidae,
Otidae,
Haematopodidae, Recurvirostridae, Burhinidae, Charadriidae, Scolopacidae,
Laridae, Sternidae, Pteroclidae, Columbidae, Cuculidae, Tytonidae, Strigidae,
Apodidae, Alcedinidae, Meropidae, Coraciidae, Upupidae, Picidae, Alaudidae,
Hirundinidae, Motacillidae, Troglodytidae, Turdidae, Sylvidae, Muscicapidae,
Aegithalidae, Paridae, Sittidae, Remizidae, Oriolidae, Laniidae, Corvidae,
Sturnidae, Passeridae, Fringillidae, Emberizidae). In addition to the
characteristics of these species, their orders, families, names of species, migration
status and protection status were also recorded (Table 2).
It has been determined that 93 of the species were resident, 82 were summer
migrants, 51 were winter migrants and 37 were transit migrants.
When species were evaluated according to the criteria of IUCN; Egyptian
vulture (Neophron percnopterus), saker falcon (Falco cherrug) and velvet scoter
(Melanitta fusca) were in endangered (EN) category; marbled teal
(Marmoronette angustirostris), great bustard (Otis tarda) and aquatic warbler
(Acrocephalus paludicola) were in vulnerable (VU) category; and ferruginous
duck (Aythya nyroca), red kite (Milvus milvus), pallid harrier (Circus
macrourus), red-footed falcon (Falco verpertinus), great Snipe (Gallinago
media), rock partridge (Alectoris graeca), black-tailed godwit (Limosa limosa),
European roller (Coracias garrulus) and semi-collared flycatcher (Ficedula
semitorquata) were in near threatened (NT) category. Siberian stonechat
(Saxicola maurus) was listed in the data deficient (DD) category.
_____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2015__________
335
DISCUSSION
263 species in 49 families from 16 orders were identified in this study. These
numbers correspond to 52.4% compared to the reported number of bird species in
Turkey (502), and a rate of 2.6% of bird species in the world (10064). When the
studies conducted in geographical regions near the research area were examined,
Çobanoğlu (2000) identified 215 species and 4 subspecies from 50 families at
Seyfa Lake between the years of 1996 and 1998. The number of bird species
identified in Kırıkkale Kızılırmak Valley has been found to be higher when
compared to the number of bird species identified in the study conducted at Seyfe
Lake near the study area.
Barış et al. (2005) reported that a total of 20806 individual birds from 100
species were put rings on between 2002 and 2004 at the Çernek bird ringing
station in Samsun. Barış et al. (2010) identified 331 bird species at Kızılırmak
Delta. The species identified in this study show similarity with the species
identified in Kızılırmak Valley with regards of the same migratory route they use.
Kırıkkale Kızılırmak Valley is an important bird migration path. Birds must be
preserved along with their habitats pursuant to the national and international
regulations. In addition to the scientific researches, activities aiming at raising the
public awareness should also be organised in order to eliminate the threats
against bird species in Kırıkkale.
LITERATURE CITED
Anonymous. 2001. http://www.redlist.org/info/categories_criteria2001.html (Accessed: 10.01.2013).
Anonymous. 2012. http://www.iucn.org/search (Accessed: 29.07.2013).
Anonymous. 2013. http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species (Accessed: 10/03/2013).
Baran, İ. & Yılmaz, İ. 1984. Ornitoloji Ders Notları. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Yayınları, Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi,
İzmir, (87): 1-323.
Barış, Y. S., Sağlam, Ö., Erciyas, K., Yavuz, N. & Özsemir, A. C. 2010. Önemli Bir Doğa Mirası: Kızılırmak Deltası
Kuşlar. Doğa ve Yaban Hayatı Koruma Derneği, Samsun. Erol Ofset Matbaacılık Yayıncılık Ambalaj Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd.
Şti., 1-169.
Barış, S., Erciyas, K., Gürsoy A., Özsemir, C. & Nowakowski, J. K. 2005. Cernek. A new bird ringing station in
Turkey. Ring, 27 (1): 113-120.
Bilgin, C. C. 1994. Türkiye Avifaunası'nın tarihsel gelişimi ve son durum. XII. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi, 6-8 Temmuz
1994, Trakya Üniversitesi, Edirne, Zooloji Seksiyonu, 6: 259-265.
Cox, G. W. 2010. Bird Migration and Global Change. Islandpress, Wahington. Covelo, London, 1-291.
Çobanoğlu, E. O. 2000. Seyfe Gölü Avi-faunası. Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü (Doktora Tezi), 1-145.
Ergene, S. 1945. Türkiye Kuşları. İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Monografileri, İstanbul, (4): 1-361.
Green, I. & Moorhouse, N. 1995. A Birdwatchers’ Guide to Turkey. Bird Watcher’s Guides Prion Ltd., England, 1-122.
Kasparek, M. & Bilgin, C. C. 1996. Türkiye Kuşları Tür Listesi. 25-88, içinde: Türkiye Omurgalılar Tür Listesi (Kence,
A. & Bilgin, C. C. eds), Nurol Matbaacılık A.Ş., Ankara, 1-183.
Kirwan, G. M., Martins, R. P., Eken, G. & Davidson, P. 1998. Checklist of the Birds of Turkey. OSME Sandgrouse
Supplement 1, USA, 1-32.
Kiziroğlu, İ. 1989. Türkiye Kuşları. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Eğitim Dairesi Başkanlığı Yayın ve Tanıtma Şube
Müdürlüğü Basım Tesisleri, Ankara, 1-312.
Kiziroğlu, İ. 2009. Türkiye Kuşları Cep Kitabı. Ankara Matbaacılık San. Ltd. Şti., 1-534.
Kumerloeve, H. 1962. Zur Kenntnis der Sumpf- und Wasservogelfauna der Türkei. J. Om., Berlin, 105: 307-325.
Newton, I. & Dale, L. 2001. A comparative analysis of the avifaunas of different zoogeographical regions. Journal of
Zoology, 254 (2): 207-218.
336
_____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2015__________
Turan, N. 1990. Türkiye’nin Av ve Yaban Hayvanları, Kuşlar. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Eğitim Dairesi Başkanlığı Yayın ve
Tanıtma Müdürlüğü Matbaası, Ankara, 1-274.
Figure 1. Map of Kırıkkale Province which the research was carried out.
Table 1. The field work in the KızılırmakValley in Kırıkkale.
_____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2015__________
337
Table 2. Systematics of the species, the species name, migration status and conservation
status in Kızılırmak Valley in Kırıkkale.
338
_____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2015__________
_____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2015__________
339
340
_____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2015__________
_____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2015__________
341