Tarih Eğitiminde Tarihsel Canlandırma Nasıl Kullanılmalı?

Transkript

Tarih Eğitiminde Tarihsel Canlandırma Nasıl Kullanılmalı?
Sakarya University Journal of Education, 3/2 (Ağustos /August 2013) ss. 36-47.
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