Akib Aktüel Sayı 30

Transkript

Akib Aktüel Sayı 30
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45
GÖSTERGELER
7(008=$<,å+5$&$75$.$0/$5,
6(.7g5(/%$='$å+5$&$75$.$0/$5,
TEMMUZ
SON 12 AY
2012
2013
'H÷LúLP
3D\
2011-2012
2012-2013
'H÷LúLP
3D\
1.412.069
1.690.583
19,72
13,39
18.882.374
20.315.041
7,59
13,26
963.575
1.134.405
17,73
8,98
13.671.324
14.290.654
4,53
9,33
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449.245
552.029
22,88
4,37
5.839.588
6.227.380
6,64
4,07
<Dú0H\YHYH6HE]H
120.932
116.163
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0,92
2.221.241
2.179.108
-1,90
1,42
0H\YH6HE]H0DPXOOHUL
106.779
109.655
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0,87
1.272.179
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76.121
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0,76
1.366.811
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0,94
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151.957
133.184
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1,05
1.847.802
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14.311
32.923
130,06
0,26
184.766
395.488
114,05
0,26
7WQ
41.073
90.332
119,93
0,72
867.393
893.936
3,06
0,58
3.158
3.557
12,63
0,03
71.544
77.337
8,10
0,05
127.347
165.174
29,70
1,31
1.549.857
1.865.006
20,33
1,22
127.347
165.174
29,70
1,31
1.549.857
1.865.006
20,33
1,22
321.148
391.004
21,75
3,10
3.661.192
4.159.381
13,61
2,72
321.148
391.004
21,75
3,10
3.661.192
4.159.381
13,61
2,72
8.977.552
10.492.405
16,87
83,08
112.852.327
116.787.863
3,49
76,24
906.610
1.041.521
14,88
8,25
11.143.823
12.112.430
8,69
7,91
7HNVWLOYH+DPPDGGHOHUL
580.093
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7.710.791
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161.803
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164.713
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1,43
1.873.388
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1,40
1.293.008
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20,25
12,31
16.500.136
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11,50
1.293.008
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20,25
12,31
16.500.136
17.617.269
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&6$1$<å0$08//(5å
6.777.934
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16,50
62,52
85.208.368
87.058.164
2,17
56,83
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1.400.149
1.627.085
16,21
12,88
15.693.957
16.793.233
7,00
10,96
7Dú×W$UDoODU×YH<DQ6DQD\L
1.450.895
1.964.670
35,41
15,56
19.492.339
20.102.158
3,13
13,12
85.737
132.100
54,08
1,05
853.918
984.530
15,30
0,64
(OHNWULN(OHNWURQLN
865.371
1.044.397
20,69
8,27
12.071.860
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434.079
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513.600
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256.486
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2,06
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135.268
173.693
28,41
1,38
1.795.318
2.171.800
20,97
1,42
79.016
99.209
25,55
0,79
1.160.104
1.325.917
14,29
0,87
øNOLPOHQGLUPH6DQD\LL
303.364
366.613
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2,60
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6.275
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37,65
0,07
74.152
100.156
35,07
0,07
378.979
446.430
17,80
3,53
3.980.234
4.824.070
21,20
3,15
6.810.398
11.266.505
65,43
7,35
142.525.332
153.193.479
7,49
100,00
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10.768.600
12.629.418
17,28
100,00
<,//$5å7å%$5,å/(7h5.å<(å+5$&$7,)
160000000
140000000
152478451,1
134906868.8
132027195.6
120000000
113883219.2
100000000
107271749.9
878.601
102142612.6
85534675.52
80000000
73476408.14
63167152.82
60000000
47252836.3
40000000
36.59089.03
20000000
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
å+5$&$7d,%å5/å./(5å*(1(/6(.5(7(5/å./(5å%$=,1'$å+5$&$75$.$0/$5,
7(008=621%ø5<,/
2012
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2011-2012
2012-2013
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$ø%
102.566
112.852
10,0
0,9
1.138.619
1.401.936
23,1
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889.454
991.754
11,5
7,9
12.594.527
12.811.024
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271.953
286.883
5,5
2,3
3.262.866
3.164.694
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148.236
189.190
27,6
1,5
1.707.366
2.018.836
18,2
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76.752
70.428
-8,2
0,6
1.098.111
1.160.297
5,7
0,8
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883.185
1.076.209
21,9
8,5
11.614.949
11.710.598
0,8
8,3
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675.124
819.261
21,3
6,5
7.631.633
9.025.514
18,3
6,4
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466.827
601.757
28,9
4,8
5.633.865
6.274.084
11,4
4,4
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3.135.451
3.417.601
9,0
27,1
40.004.332
40.516.154
1,3
28,5
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1.568.423
1.835.139
17,0
14,5
18.221.921
19.489.234
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133.786
90.699
-32,2
0,7
1.518.534
1.357.219
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2.082.151
32,3
16,5
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12.629.418
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141.926.974
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1.065.808
768.761
616.507
583.505
534.060
484.189
327.363
325.657
280.999
280.589
254.948
246.934
243.407
240.788
236.208
221.149
218.306
211.378
179.491
8.497.574
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7.656.584
6.525.588
4.709.910
4.023.246
3.934.137
3.721.404
3.292.440
2.419.057
2.073.500
1.983.441
1.694.984
2.139.677
2.046.715
1.421.752
1.532.328
1.569.636
1.526.925
1.524.989
1.702.550
1.313.040
56.811.904
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47
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6(.7g5/(5
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186.494.966
123.749.249
74.109.475
26.189.315
13.096.246
4.651.846
3.892.295
1.134.652
592.700
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43.948.511
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678.368.122
64.099.489
60.457.469
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317.081.013
317.081.013
297.187.620
20.841.240
40.683.492
75
19.979.980
25.315.157
27.735.434
142.807.367
8.619.243
1.592
566.355
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82.987
24.590.699
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24.590.699
889.453.787
201.403.555
127.252.172
78.908.586
28.470.602
7.885.847
5.783.256
2.584.503
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26.220.980
26.220.980
47.930.403
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