PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACT BOOK

Transkript

4th INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATED
ENTOMOPATHOGENS AND MICROBIAL
CONTROL SYMPOSIUM
11-14 September 2013
ARTVIN, TURKEY
PROGRAMME
AND
ABSTRACT BOOK
Responsibilities of all abstracts contained in this book belong to the authors.
4th INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATED
ENTOMOPATHOGENS AND MICROBIAL
CONTROL SYMPOSIUM
11-14 September 2013
ARTVIN, TURKEY
Cover Design
Ġbrahim Burak KALEOĞLU
Composition
Research Assist. Halil Ġbrahim GÜLER
Print
Demokrat Coruh Printing
September 2013
4th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium,11-14 September 2013,
Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
https://emc2013.artvin.edu.tr/
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HONORARY CHAIRMEN
Kemal CĠRĠT (Governer of Artvin)
Prof. Dr. Mehmet DUMAN (Rector of Artvin Çoruh University)
Prof. Dr. Yılmaz ALTUN (Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences)
THE HEAD OF THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Assist. Prof. Dr. Nurcan ALBAYRAK ĠSKENDER
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Assist. Prof. Dr. Gökhan BAYRAMOĞLU
Assist. Prof. Dr. AyĢegül BAYRAMOĞLU
Assist. Prof. Dr. Melahat ÖZCAN
Assist. Prof. Dr. Handan KARAOĞLU
Assist. Prof. Dr. Suat ÇOLAK
Research Assist. Mehmet DEMĠRALAY
Research Assist. Halil Ġbrahim GÜLER
Research Assist. AyĢegül SARAL
Research Assist. Mustafa Çağatay KORKMAZ
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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ, Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey
Ömer Faruk ALGUR, Atatürk University, Turkey
Fikrettin ġAHĠN, Yeditepe University, Turkey
Selçuk HAZIR, Adnan Menderes University, Turkey
Basil M. ARIF, Canadian Forest Research Center, Canada
Edwin E. LEVIS, University of California, USA
Tariq BUTT, University of Wales Swansea, United Kingdom
Johannes JEHLE, Julius Kuehn Institute, Germany
Sebahattin ÖZCAN, Ankara University, Turkey
Jorgen EILENBERG, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Sabahat SULLIVAN, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey
Mustafa AVCI, Süleyman Demirel University, Turkey
ġaban TEKĠN, GaziosmanpaĢa University, Turkey
Ġsmail Alper SUSURLUK, Uludağ University, Turkey
Madoka NAKAI, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Fuchu, Japan
Ramazan CANHĠLAL, Erciyes University, Turkey
Nurcan ALBAYRAK ĠSKENDER, Artvin Çoruh University, Turkey
Meriç KUMBAġLI, Ġstanbul University, Turkey
Mohammadreza Rezapanah, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Iran
Temel GÖKTÜRK, Artvin Çoruh University, Turkey
Madea BURJANADZE, Vasil Gulisashvili Forest Institute, Georgia
Itamar GLAZER, The Volcani Center, Israel
Ali SEVĠM, Ahi Evran University, Turkey
Engin KILIÇ, Erzincan University, Turkey
Serkan ÖRTÜCÜ, Erzurum Technical University, Turkey
Umut TOPRAK, Ankara University, Turkey
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INVITED SPEAKERS
Prof. Dr. Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ, Karadeniz Techinal University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Ömer Faruk ALGUR, Atatürk University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Johannes JEHLE, Institute of Julius Kuehn, Germany
Prof. Dr. Mohammadreza Rezapanah, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Iran
Prof. Dr. Fikrettin ġAHĠN, Yeditepe University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Juan FERRE, University of Valencia, Spain
Prof. Dr. Selçuk HAZIR, Adnan Menderes University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Edwin E. LEVIS, California University, USA
Prof. Dr. Basil M. ARIF, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Canada
Prof. Dr. Itamar GLAZER, Volcani Centre, Israel
Prof. Dr. Tariq BUTT, Swansea University, England
Prof. Dr. Jorgen EILENBERG, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Prof. Dr. Zhihong HU, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Prof. Dr. Madea BURJANADZE, Vasil Guliashvili Forest Institute, Georgia
Prof. Dr. ġaban TEKĠN, GaziosmanpaĢa University, Turkey
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Temel GÖKTÜRK, Artvin Coruh University, Turkey
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ġsmail DEMĠR, Karadeniz Techinal University, Turkey
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Madoka NAKAI, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology,
Fuchu, Japan
Assist. Prof. Dr. Serkan ÖRTÜCÜ, Erzurum Techinal University, Turkey
Dr. Umut TOPRAK, Ankara University, Turkey
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Dear Colleagues,
We are excited to host the “4th International Participated Entomopathogens and
Microbial Control Symposium” in “Land Adjacent to the Sky”, Artvin, shaped by Çoruh
River flowing wildly through steep mountains. On behalf of Faculty of Science and Letters
Biology Department of Artvin Çoruh University developing rapidly since its establishment
in Turkey‟s green heaven Artvin, it‟s our pleasure to invite you to the “4 th International
Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium” to be held from
September 11th to 14th, 2013.
This symposium will be a great opportunity for scientists and researchers to come
together, to share the most up-to-date scientific research and advances in the fields of
entomology and microbial control, gaining importance day by day and to exchange
opinions on recent developments. The symposium will be held in two languages, English
and Turkish. Looking forward to meeting you in the “4th International Participated
Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium”, where you can enjoy both the rich
scientific content and viridity of nature…
On behalf of the Organizing Committee
Assist. Prof. Dr. Nurcan ALBAYRAK ĠSKENDER
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PROGRAMME
11 SEPTEMBER 2013 WEDNESDAY
REGISTRY
MAIN SALOON
10:00
REGISTRATION
13:30-15:00
PIANO RECITAL AND OPENING CEREMONY
SESSION 1
Session Chair
(MAIN SALOON) Prof. Dr. Basil M. ARIF
15:00-15:30
Session Assistant
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Remziye NALÇACIOĞLU
Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ
15:30-16:00
CATERING
SESSION 2
(BLUE SALOON)
Session Chair
Prof. Dr. Selçuk HAZIR
16:00-16:30
Johannes JEHLE
16:30-17:00
Basil M. ARIF
18:30
WELCOME COCTAIL
Session Assistant
Assoc. Prof. Dr. İsmail DEMİR
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12 SEPTEMBER 2013 THURSDAY
SESSION 3
RED SALOON
Session Chair
Prof. Dr. Edwin E. LEWIS
09:00-09:30
Juan FERRE
09:30-10:00
Ömer Faruk ALGUR
10:00-10:30
Fikrettin ġAHĠN
10:30- 10:45
Session Assistant
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kazım SEZEN
CATERING
SESSION 4
RED SALOON
Session Chair
Prof. Dr. Ramazan CANHİLAL
10:45- 11:15
Selçuk HAZIR
11:15-11:45
Edwin E. LEWIS
11:45-12:15
Itamar GLAZER
12:15-13:15
Session Assistant
Assoc. Prof. Dr. İlker KEPENEKÇİ
LAUNCH
RED SALOON
BLUE SALOON
Session Chair
Prof. Dr. Fikrettin ŞAHİN
Session Chair
Prof. Dr. Şaban TEKİN
Session Assistant
Assist. Prof. Dr. Nurcan ALBAYRAK
İSKENDER
Session Assistant
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Temel GÖKTÜRK
SESSION 5
13:30-13:45
Manana KERESELIDZE
Kuralay MAZARZHANOVA
13:45-14:00
Ahmet KATI
Gürsel KARACA
14:00- 14:15
Ardahan ESKĠ
Ġlker KEPENEKÇĠ
14:15- 15:00
15:30
CATERING
BARBECUE and KAFKASÖR EXCURSION
8
13 SEPTEMBER 2013 FRIDAY
SESSION 6
RED SALOON
Session Chair
Prof. Dr. Zihni DEMİRBAĞ
Session Assistant
Assist. Prof. Dr. Hacer MURATOĞLU
09:00-09:30
Zhihong HU
09:30-10:00
Madoka NAKAI
10:00-10:30
Mohammedreza REZAPANAH
10:30 - 11:00
SESSION 7
RED SALOON
CATERING
Session Chair
Prof. Dr. M. REZAPANAH
Session Assistant
Assist. Prof. Dr. Serkan ÖRTÜCÜ
11:00-11:30
Umut TOPRAK
11:30-12:00
ġaban TEKĠN
12:00-12:30
Medea BURJANADZE
12:30 - 13:30
SESSION 8
RED SALOON
LAUNCH
Session Chair
Prof. Dr. Juan FERRE
13:30- 14:00
Ġsmail DEMĠR
14:00-14:30
Jorgen EILENBERG
14:30-15:00
Tariq BUTT
Session Assistant
Assist. Prof. Dr. Engin KILIÇ
A. Özgür ATEġ
15:00-15:15
SESSION 9
15:15 - 15:45
15:45-18:30
19:00
CATERING
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
GALA DINNER
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14 SEPTEMBER 2013 SATURDAY
SESSION 10
RED SALOON
Session Chair
Prof. Dr. Medea BURJANADZE
Session Assistant
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hatice KATI
09:15- 09:30
Nurcan ALBAYRAK ĠSKENDER
09:30-10:00
Temel GÖKTÜRK
10:00-10:30
Serkan ÖRTÜCÜ
SESSION 11
10:30 - 11:00
CATERING
11:00 -12:00
CLOSING
12:00-12:45
LAUNCH
13:00
CAMILI EXCURSION
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Oral Presentations:
Functional analysis of AMEV serine/threonin protein kinase gene and its role in host specificity
Hacer MURATOĞLU, Duygu BEKĠRCAN, Remziye NALÇACIOĞLU, Srini PERERA, Basil M. ARIF,
Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ…………………………………………………................................................................18
Use of Insect Microflora in Biotechnological Studies
Ömer Faruk ALGUR………………………………………………………………..……...............................19
Biological Control of Pest Insects in Germany - Presence and Future
Johannes A. JEHLE……………………………………………………………………...................................20
Codling moth control by Cydia pomonella granulovirus in organic apple orchards:
lessons from the differences
Mohammadreza REZAPANAH……………………………………………………………............................21
Biological effects of novel commercial formulations developed for mosquito control
Fikrettin ġAHĠN, M. Muge YAZICI, Huseyin ÇETĠN, Yusuf KAYA………………………………………22
New insights into the mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3A insecticidal proteins
Juan FERRÉ, Maissa CHAKROUN, Yolanda BEL, Núria BANYULS, Baltasar ESCRICHE.......................23
Entomopathogenic nematodes: evaluation of different application methods and their persistence in the
soil in the presence of a natural enemy
Selçuk HAZIR, Karthik R. RAMALINGAM………………………………………………………………...24
Ecological and behavioral theory lay the groundwork for successful biological control with
entomopathogenic nematodes
Edwin E. LEWIS……………………………………………………………………………………………...25
Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Key Pests in Israel
Itamar GLAZER………………………………………………………………………………………………26
Enhancing the efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi
Tariq M. BUTT………………………………………………………………………………………………..27
The three major taxonomic groups of insect pathogenic fungi: phylogeny, life cycle with insects and coevolution
Jørgen EILENBERG………………………………………………………………………………………….28
Comparative proteomics of HearNPV budded and occlusion-derived virus
Zhihong HU…………………………………………………………………………………………………...29
Pathogens and nematodes of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Georgia coniferous forest
Medea BURJANADZE……………………………………………………………………………………….30
Use of Entomopathogens in The Biological Control of Ticks
ġaban TEKĠN, Adem KESKIN……………………………………………………………………………….31
Viral biocontrol agents, past, present and future: A Canadian perspective
Basil M. ARIF…………………………………………………………………………………………….......32
The effects of Bacillus thuringiensis and Neemazal on larvaes of Hypantria cunea (Drury)
(Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) damaging on leafed trees
Temel GÖKTÜRK, Ömer Naci KAYA,YaĢar AKSU………………………………………………………..33
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Entomopathogenic fungi: A promising biological control agent against bark beetles
Ġsmail DEMĠR, Seda KOCAÇEVĠK, Ali SEVĠM, Mahmut EROĞLU, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ…………….......34
Potential of slow-killing insect viruses to control leaf-rollers in tea fields
Madoka NAKAI…………….…………………………………………………………………………...........35
A Study on the Production, Purification and Acaricidal Activity of a Red Pigment from Beauveria
bassiana isolate Paf04
Serkan ORTUCU, Murat OZDAL, Nurcan ALBAYRAK ISKENDER, Omer Faruk ALGUR………..........36
The First Study on Pathogenicity of Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana to Control The Little
Spruce Sawfly Pristiphora abietina (Christ.) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in Turkey
Nurcan ALBAYRAK ISKENDER, Serkan ORTUCU, AyĢegül SARAL, YaĢar AKSU…………………….37
Investigations on bacteria as a potential biological control agents on corn stalk borer, Sesamia
nonagrioides (Lef.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Ardahan ESKĠ, Mustafa GÜLLÜ, Filiz ÖZKAN ÇAKICI, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ, Ġsmail DEMĠR…………....38
First results on the susceptibility of two forest pest insects for a Georgian isolate of Isaria fumosorosea
Manana KERESELIDZE, Andreas LINDE, Daniela PILARSKA, Slavimira DRAGANOVA………….......39
Development of methods for the selection of strains of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana
(Bals.) Vuill., effective against of bark beetle (Ips sexdentatus Boern., Ips hauseri Reitter)
Kuralay MAZARZHANOVA, Anastasiya LUKINA, Nurzhan MUKHAMADIYEV, Nursagım
AġIKBAEV…………………………………………………………………………………………………...40
Baculuvirus-insect peritrophic matrix interaction: Can we develop more effective baculoviruses using
the knowledge on enhancin-insect intestinal mucins substrate specificity?
Umut TOPRAK, Dwayne D. HEGEDUS, Martin A. ERLANDSON, David THEILMANN………………..41
Effects of Some Entomopathogen Fungi Against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera:
Gelehiidae)
Gürsel KARACA, Burcu AÇILOĞLU, Hatice ACARBULUT ve Ġsmail KARACA………………………..42
Determination Of Bioactive Entomopathogen Bacteria Scale-Up Strategies
Ahmet KATI, Ali Özhan AYTEKĠN, Ġkbal Agah ĠNCE, Fikrettin ġAHĠN………………………………….43
Evaluation of aqueous suspension and infected cadaver application of entomopathogenic nematodes
(Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) against root-knot nematodes (Tylenchida:
Meloidoginidae)
Ġlker KEPENEKCI, Emre EVLICE, Selçuk HAZIR and Adnan TÜLEK…………………………………....44
Potential of two entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, as biological
control agents against the June beetle, Polyphylla fullo (L.)
Özgür ATEġ, Burcu AÇILOĞLU and Fedai ERLER………………………………………………………...45
Poster Presentations:
Development of a New Bio-Insecticide For Controlling The Lepidopteran Pests
Kazım SEZEN, Remziye NALÇACIOĞLU, Ġsmail DEMĠR, Hüseyin TEPE, Ġslam YILDIZ,
Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ………………………………………………………………………………....…………47
Isolation, characterization and insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis from warehouses in
Trabzon
Meriç DEMELĠ, Kazım SEZEN, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ……………………………………………………...…48
12
The effect rates of Bacillus thuringiensis and Neemazal using in Biological control of Lymantria dispar
(L.) (Lepidoptera:Lymantriidae)
YaĢar AKSU, Cihangir DEDEAĞAOĞLU, Berna ÇELĠK GÖKTÜRK……………………………………..49
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Natural Entomopathogenic Fungi
Özlem GÜVEN, Fatma Gül ÖZÇELĠK……………………………………………………………………….50
Isolation and characterization of a parasitic nematode, Oscheius myriophila (Nematoda: Rhabditida),
associated with European mole cricket, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae)
Zeynep ERBAġ, Zihni DEMIRBAĞ, Ġsmail DEMĠR………………………………………………………...51
The isolation, characterization and pathogenicity of bacteria from Ephestia (Cadra) cautella
Ġslam YILDIZ, Kazım SEZEN, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ………………………………………………………….52
In vitro characterization of Chilo iridescent virus 012L encoded protein
YeĢim AKTÜRK DĠZMAN, Cemal SANDALLI, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ, Remziye NALÇACIOĞLU………..53
Entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae): Efficacy against
Leptinotarsa decemlineata L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Agelastica alni L. (Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae)
Zeynep ERBAġ, Zihni DEMIRBAĞ, Ġsmail DEMĠR……………………………………………………...…54
Screening of entomopathogenic fungi against the Grey corn weevil, Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyll.
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Ġsmail DEMĠR, Mustafa GÜLLÜ, Emine SÖNMEZ, Seda KOCAÇEVĠK, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ…………….55
Highly Effective Bacterial Agents against Cimbex quadrimaculatus (Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae):
Isolation of Bacteria and Their Insecticidal Activities
Ġsmail DEMĠR, Filiz ÖZKAN ÇAKICI, Halil BOLU, Ġnanç ÖZGEN, Zeynep ERBAġ, Zihni
DEMĠRBAĞ......................................................................................................................................................56
Host related transactivation of serine / threonine protein kinase gene of Amsacta moorei
entomopoxvirus
Duygu BEKĠRCAN, Hacer MURATOĞLU, Remziye NALÇACIOĞLU, Basil M. ARIF, Zihni
DEMĠRBAĞ…………………………………………………………………………………………………..57
Pathogenicity of Beauveria pseudobassiana from Dendroctonus micans Kugel. (Coleoptera:
Curcunlionidae) against Rhizophagus grandis Gyll. (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae)
Seda KOCAÇEVĠK, Ali SEVĠM, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ, Mahmut EROĞLU, Ġsmail DEMĠR………………...58
Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus encodes a functional protein kinase
Hacer MURATOĞLU, Remziye NALÇACIOĞLU, Basil M. ARIF, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ…………………..59
Determination of entomopathogenic bacteria species in Dermacentor marginatus and Rhipicephalus
annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae)
Adem KESKIN, Ahmet BURSALI, Hüseyin TEPE, ġaban TEKIN………………………………………....60
Determination of entomopathogenic bacteria species in Hyalomma marginatum and Hyalomma
excavatum (Acari: Ixodidae)
Ahmet BURSALI, Adem KESKĠN, Hüseyin TEPE, ġaban TEKĠN…………………………………………61
The effect of plant quality on survival of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larvae infected
by a nucleopolyhedrovirus
Sibel ÇAVDAR, Oguzhan YANAR, Elif Fatma TOPKARA, Ġsmail DEMĠR……………………………….62
Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from the soil samples in
Giresun Island
Türkmen AYAKSIZ, Hatice KATI………………………………………………………………………...…63
13
The effect of boric acid on production of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein and
bioactivity against Cadra cautella larvae
Burcu ġAHĠN, Mehlika ALPER, Bekir ÇÖL, Oktay DURSUN, Hatice GÜNEġ…………………………...64
Determination of bacteriom of some hard tick (Acari: Ixodidae) species using molecular methods
Haktan ÇAĞLAYAN, ġaban TEKĠN, Ġsa KARAMAN, Ahmet BURSALI, Adem KESKĠN…………….…65
Susceptibility of the noxious social insects Blatta orientalis and Blattella germanica cockroaches to
infection by entomopathogenic nematodes
Nona MIKAIA………………………………………………………………………………………………...66
Role of sexuality in the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora on heritability of
effectiveness to hybrid strains
Tufan Can ULU, Yasemin KONGU and Ġsmail Alper SUSURLUK………………………………………...67
Determination of Antibiotic Resistance of Some Pathogenic Fungi
Adem ĠMALI, Zeynep BULġAN, Birgül ĠLHAN, Ferudun KOÇER………………………………………..68
Sancassania polyphyllae (Acari: Acaridae) is attracted to its phoretic host larva killed by the
entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae)
Mehmet KARAGÖZ, Ġbrahim ÇAKMAK, Derya ULUĞ, Selçuk HAZIR…………………………………..69
Entomopathogenic Fungi Isolated From Wheat Fields in the Villages at Kahramanmaraş City Center
Özlem GÜVEN, Cihat KOZ, Ġsmail KARACA………………………………………………………………70
Survey On The Control Possibility Of Ephestiakuehniella Using Trichoderma Atroviridae Under
Laboratory Conditions
D. Zafari, S. Azimiyan, H. Madadi, F. Ghobadi Anvar……………………………………………………….71
Taguchi’s method in reducing the experiment numbers of production optimizing of
Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus
H. ASSEMI, M. REZAPANAH, A. SAJJADI………...……………………………………………………...72
An effective bacterial isolate for the microbial control of Lobesia botrana (Lep.:Tortricidae)
Lida MOHAMMAD GHOLIZAD, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ……………………………………………………...73
A new entomopathogenic fungus: Myriodontium keratinophilum (Ascomycota: Myriodontium) from
Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L. (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae)
Emine SÖNMEZ, Ali SEVĠM, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ, Ġsmail DEMĠR………………………………………....74
Genetic diversity of isolates of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus on tobacco budworm using
PCR-RFLP technique
A. SAJJADI, H. ASSEMI, M. REZAPANAH…….………………………………………………………….75
Entomopathogens & Environmental Sustainability
Aysel KEKĠLLĠOĞLU…………………………………………………………………………………….….76
The Effects of Entomopathogenic Fungus [Purpureocillium lilacinum TR1 (syn: Paecilomyces
lilacinus)] on the Black Cherry Aphid [Myzus cerasi Fabricus (Hemiptera: Aphididae)] Adults
Ilker KEPENEKCI, Burcu ĠNAL, Emre EVLICE, Erçin OKSAL…………………………………………...77
Identification of Entomopathogenic fungi, Purpureocillium lilacinum TR1 (syn: Paecilomyces lilacinus)
by classical (morphologic and morphometric properties) and molecular methods
Ġlker KEPENEKÇI, Emre EVLĠCE, Erçin OKSAL…………………………………………………………..78
Determination of efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and
Steinernematidae) against a stored crop pest, Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Ramazan CANHĠLAL, Fatmanur BORAZAN, Sevim DOĞAN, Yunus Emre ÖZDEMIR, Gizem EġGĠN,
Hüseyin AKSOY………………………………………………………………………………………….......79
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Investigation of bioactivities of natural Bacillus thuringiensis isolates on Ephestia kuehniella and Plodia
interpunctella
Mehlika ALPER, Hilal TUNCA, Hatice GÜNEġ…………………………………………………………….80
Transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis crops
Mehlika ALPER………………………………………………………………………………………………81
The studies to increase the insecticidal effect of Cry toxins
Mehlika ALPER………………………………………………………………………………………………82
Determination of the presence of entomopathogenic fungi in the region of Kayseri province and
territory
M. Alper ALTINOK, Adeviye AKPINAR, H. Handan ALTINOK………………………………………….83
Ecological Diversity Of Entomopathogens
Aysel KEKĠLLĠOĞLU, Merve KÖKSAL……………………………………………………………………84
Future Benefıts Of Insects Pathogens
Aysel KEKĠLLĠOĞLU………………………………………………………………………………………..85
Protein-Protein Interactions Of The Structural Proteins Of Chilo Iridescent Virus
Emine ÖZġAHĠN, Monique van OERS, Remziye NALÇACIOĞLU, Just VLAK, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ……86
Virulance of some entomopathogen bacteria against Chrysomelidae,
Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata L.) and Alder leaf beetle (Agelastica alni L.)
Ardahan ESKĠ, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ, Ġsmail DEMĠR………………………………………………………….87
Metarhizium anisopliae: A promising fungal agent against Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L. (Orthoptera:
Gryllotalpidae)
Emine SÖNMEZ, Ali SEVĠM, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ, Ġsmail DEMĠR…………………………………………88
Elaboration of integrated plant protection from the fall webworm in urban environments
Tsisa CHKHUBIANISHVILI, Iatamze MALANIA, Manana KAKHADZE………………………………...89
Role of Prodigiosin on the Acaricidal Activity of Entomopathogen Serratia marcescens
Serkan ÖRTÜCÜ, Murat ÖZDAL, Nurcan ALBAYRAK ĠSKENDER, Mehmet Nuri AYDOĞAN……..…90
Functional analysis of Chilo Iridescent Virus zinc-binding
matrix metalloproteinase genes
Aydın YEġĠLYURT, Hacer MURATOĞLU, Zihni DEMĠRBAĞ, Remziye NALÇACIOĞLU……….……91
Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against (Operopthera brumata & Erannis defoliaria)
(Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Field Conditions
Manana LORTKIPANIDZE, Oleg GORGADZE, Medea BURJANADZE, Madona KUCHAVA, Mzia
KOKHIA, Nana GRATIASHVILIA, Nino GABROSHVILI……………………………………………...…92
Study of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Susceptibility to Coccidaes
Mariam CHUBINISHVILI, Rusudan SKHIRTLADZE, Irina RIJAMADZE………………………..………93
Determination of the efficacy of the Bacillus thuringiensis and Neemazal Using in Microbial and
Organic control on Pristiphora abietina (Christ) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
Nurcan ALBAYRAK ĠSKENDER, YaĢar AKSU, Berna ÇELĠK GÖKTÜRK,
Cihangir DEDEAĞAOĞLU…………………………………………………………………………...……...94
A Study on Bacterial Flora of Spruce Spider Mite Oligonychus ununguis (Jacobi) (Acari:
Tetranychidae)
Nurcan ALBAYRAK ĠSKENDER, YaĢar AKSU……………………………………………………………95
15
Pathogenicity on The Pest of Bacteria Isolated from Pristiphora abietina (Christ) (Hymenoptera :
Tenthredinidae)
Nurcan ALBAYRAK ĠSKENDER, Serkan ÖRTÜCÜ, AyĢegül SARAL, YaĢar AKSU……………….……96
Assessment of Beauveria bassiana Strains Isolated From Various Insects to Control Dendroctonus
micans (Kugel.) Larvae
Nurcan ALBAYRAK ĠSKENDER, Serkan ÖRTÜCÜ, Engin KILIÇ, YaĢar AKSU………………….……..97
16
ORAL
PRESENTATIONS
17
S-01
Functional analysis of AMEV serine/threonin protein kinase gene and its role in host
specificity
Hacer MURATOĞLUa, Duygu BEKİRCANb, Remziye NALÇACIOĞLUb, Srini PERERAc, Basil M.
ARIFc, Zihni DEMİRBAĞb
a
Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics,
61080 Trabzon, Turkey
b
Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
[email protected]
c
Laboratory for Molecular Virology, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
Abstract
Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus (AMEV) is an insect virus with a potential as an important biotechnological
tool. AMEV contains a non-structural serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinase gene (ORF AMV197),
which is a homologue of poxvirus B1 protein kinase and is important for viral DNA replication, gene
expression and intermediate gene transcription. Therefore, it is believed to play key role in viral replication.
In the current study, protein kinase gene (pk), AMV197 has been deleted from AMEV genome by
homologous recombination. DNA replication, protein synthesis, production of infectious progeny virus and
transcription of viral genes of parental virus were compared to AMV197-null recombinant virus
(AmΔPK/gfp) in cell culture. In AmΔPK/gfp infected Ld652 cells, DNA replication started 6 hour earlier
than in cells infected with the parental virus. End Point Dilution Assays indicated that AMV197 deletion
caused four fold decreases in the production of progeny virus in cell culture. SDS-PAGE analysis showed
that deletion of AMV197 does not appear to cause discernible changes in viral protein profile. Microarray
analysis of viral gene expression revealed significant differences between viral gene expression in AMEV
and AmΔPK/gfp infected cells. Taken collectively, the data indicate that the protein encoded by AMV197
may have significant effects on the assembly and/or infectivity progeny virus and AMEV‟s host specificity.
However, further investigations are needed to verify the exact role of this gene and effect on host specificity.
Key words: AmΔPK/gfp, Amsacta moorei Entomopoxvirus (AMEV), protein kinase, virus replication, RNA
microarray, host specificity, gene regulation.
Acknowledgement: This study has been funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of
Turkey (Project No: 110T887) and Karadeniz Technical University, Scientific Research Fund (Project No:
8646).
18
S-02
Use of Insect Microflora in Biotechnological Studies
Ömer Faruk ALGUR
Atatürk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Erzurum
[email protected]
Abstract
Due to their diversity and widespread distribution, insects are inevitably associated with an extremetily large
variety of microscobic life forms including viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Especially, insect gut is a
reservoir of complex microbial communities. For this reason, investigations on using of microbial flora of
insect body for biotechnologial applications are gradually increasing. This study gives an overview of
diversity and biotechnological potentials of enzymes of microflora of insect. In addition, the biotechnological
applications such as biodegradation of harmful materials and production of fuel and bioactive materials, were
also presented and discussed under the light of literature.
19
S-03
Biological Control of Pest Insects in Germany - Presence and Future
Johannes A. JEHLE
Institute for Biological Control, Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn Insitute (JKI),
Heinrichstr. 243, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
[email protected]
Abstract
The use of biological control methods offers a plentitude of approaches for a highly selective and
environmentally sound control of insect pests. These include the application of (i) beneficial arthropods
(predators, parasitoids and entomopathogenic nematodes), (ii) entomopathogenic micro-organisms (including
fungi, bacteria and viruses), and (iii) natural substances and botanicals for pest control. Biological control
methods are highly specific and are considered to be not harmful to human and animal health they are of
great importance for Integrated Pest Management Strategies (IPM).
There are many examples (predatory mites, Trichogramma, B. thuringiensis, Baculoviruses, Mating
disruption), where biological control strategies demonstrated a superior efficacy in greenhouse and field
crops. Although there was a considerable increase of biological control in many crops during the last decade,
the area-wide application of biological control measures is still hampered by a number of factors. These
include the lack of availability of biological control products on the market, the concerns of growers about
reliability and costs, and the lack of compatibility with chemical pesticides in some cases. During the last two
years a survey on the current use of biological control measures was performed in Germany. The results will
be presented together an estimation of their future potential.
Key words: Biological control, insect pathogens, EU legislation
20
S-04
Codling moth control by Cydia pomonella granulovirus in organic apple orchards:
lessons from the differences
Mohammadreza REZAPANAH
Center of Excellence for Organic Agriculture, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, P.O. Box:
19395-1454, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
[email protected]
Abstract
The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with 1-4 generations in different regions
causes less than 5% till full damages in apple orchards. High pressure of codling moth poplation expresses
extreme potential of its control measures and even their combinations. While the LC50 of Cydia
pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) preparations in laboratory bioassays have been estimated around 1000
GV/g, 50 GV/μl and 20 GV/mm2 after about 6 days; and, it is usually recommended to covering the apple
orchards by around 1013 GV/ha or 1000 (300-3000) GV/mm2. But, the evaluated control potential of CpGV
in regions with 3 or 4 generations of this serious pest are varied and discussable. Of course, organic apple
orchards with 1 or 2 generations, not only have hopefully passed past decade by further developing of CpGV
preparations via cooperation, but also cured the problems of low susceptibility to the CpGV via the lessons
from the minor differences of CpGV isolates.
Key words: Codling moth, Cydia pomonella granulovirus, CpGV, organic, apple
21
S-05
Biological effects of novel commercial formulations developed for mosquito control
Fikrettin ŞAHİNa, M. Muge YAZICIa, Huseyin ÇETİNb, Yusuf KAYAa
a
Yeditepe University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering,
34755 Kayisdagi-Istanbul, Turkey
[email protected]
b
Akdeniz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 07058 Antalya, Turkey
Abstract
Mosquitoes are vectors of many parasite and virus-borne diseases for mammalian systems. Therefore, control
of mosquitoes is very important. Usually synthetic chemical products are being used against mosquitoes.
These chemicals are costly, have short-term effective and cause environmental pollutions. Extensive use of
these chemicals creates so many human and environmental health problems. Therefore, the best method for
management of mosquitoes is known to be biological control. The most commonly utilized agents for
biological control of mosquitoes are Bacillus species.
In the present study, three strain (MBI 5, 6, 7) of Bacillus sphaericus have been isolated and identified as
potential larvacide against mosquito species in the genera of Culex spp. and Anopheles spp. Then, three
commercial products (granule, wettable powder and liquid formulations) have been developed and tested for
their bioactivities in laboratory and field conditions in the vicinity of Istanbul municipality and
Mediterranean region. The commercial products found to be successful in laboratory and field studies for
their potential performance on different populations of mosquito species in various environmental conditions.
Key words: Bacillus sphaericus, Anopheles, Culex, biological control, formulation
22
S-06
New insights into the mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3A insecticidal
proteins
Juan FERRÉ, Maissa CHAKROUN, Yolanda BEL, Núria BANYULS, Baltasar ESCRICHE
University of Valencia, Faculty of Biology, Department of Genetics, Valencia (SPAIN)
[email protected]
Abstract
Vip3 toxins are Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins which are secreted to the medium during the vegetative
growth and, for this reason they do not contribute to the insecticidal activity of bioinsectices prepared from
Bt spore/crystal mixtures. Nevertheless, some of the Vip3 proteins are highly active against Lepidoptera and
show a relatively broad insecticidal spectrum. Because Vip3 proteins share no homology with the Bt crystal
(Cry) proteins and because they have different modes of action, Vip3A proteins have been combined with
Cry1 proteins in transgenic crops (Bt crops). The mode of action of Vip3 proteins is not well understood. It is
known that there are some insect species susceptible to Cry1 proteins which are practically completely
tolerant to Vip3 proteins and vice versa. Although Vip3 proteins and Cry1 proteins share general features in
their modes of action, they differ notably when the different steps are studied in detail. For example, we have
found that, contrarily to the Cry1 proteins, Vip3 proteins do not have a protease-resistant core, or at least not
so resistant as in the case of Cry1 proteins. This implies that the activation step within the insect‟s midgut is
more critical in the case of Vip3 proteins because there is a dynamic equilibrium between protoxin activation
and toxin degradation. A second differential feature between Cry1 and Vip3 proteins is that they bind to
different membrane binding sites. This has been shown with different insect species using either labeled Cry1
proteins or labeled Vip3 proteins, and performing competition studies with unlabeled heterologous
competitors. This feature means that, for resistant management purposes, it is a good strategy to combine
cry1 and vip3 genes in the same plant because mutations in insect populations conferring resistance to one
toxin (due to alteration of its receptors) would not confer cross-resistance to the other toxin.
Key words: Spodoptera frugiperda, vegetative insecticidal proteins, binding to midgut receptors
Acknowledgements: This research was supported by the Spanish Ministries of Science and Innovation
(grant ref. AGL2009-13340-C02-01) and of Economy and Competivity (grant ref. AGL2012-39946-C02-01),
by grants ACOMP/2009/313 and PROMETEO 2011/044 from the Generalitat Valenciana, and by European
FEDER funds.
23
S-07
Entomopathogenic nematodes: evaluation of different application methods and
their persistence in the soil in the presence of a natural enemy
Selçuk HAZIR & Karthik R. RAMALINGAM
Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Aydin-TURKEY.
[email protected]
Abstract
Various application methods for entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) were tested in pots containing 1 kg
autoclaved, air-dried loamy soil (48% sand, 10% clay, 42% loam) and a three-week-old corn plant. Each
pot was watered regularly as needed and prior to treatment, 100 ml of distilled water was added to
maintain adequate soil moisture. Four last instar wax moth (Galleria mellonella) larvae kept individually
in a wire mesh were buried in each pot at 5 cm depth. Infective juveniles (IJs) of Heterorhabditis
bacteriophora at the rate of 25 IJs/cm2 were applied to the soil surface using a plastic hand sprayer or a
drip irrigation system or injecting them at 2 cm below the soil surface with a syringe. In addition, a 10day-old insect cadaver containing IJs were buried in the soil at 5 cm depth. The control group had no
nematodes. The experiments were conducted at room temperature (23-24oC). Each treatment group had
10 pots and the experiments were repeated 3 times. Galleria larval mortality was checked 7 days after
treatment. All nematode treatment groups had more than 95% insect mortality and no significant
differences were observed among the treatment groups. However, significant differences were observed
between the treatment groups and the control. The same experimental setup was conducted with a natural
enemy of EPNs, Sancassania polyphyllae (Acari: Acaridae). One hundred female mites were added to the
soil surface of each pot one day before treatment with IJs. The control pots had no mites but IJs were
added to the soil. With the exception of the 6-day-old insect cadaver with IJ treatment, all other treatment
groups with mites and the control group showed more than 87.5% insect mortality and no significant
differences were observed among them. With the 6-day-old insect cadaver containing IJ and mite
treatment, Galleria mortality was significantly lower at 41.3%. Thus, our results indicated that the
different application methods had no significant effect on the larval mortality but the mites had a negative
effect on infected cadavers when they were used 6 days old or lesser.
24
S-08
Ecological and behavioral theory lay the groundwork for successful biological
control with entomopathogenic nematodes
Edwin E. LEWIS
Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis
[email protected]
Abstract
Since the early 1990‟s, predictability has been seen as a major challenge to the success of
entomopathogenic nematodes‟ (EPN) use in agriculture. From a practical sense, for biological control to
be effective, the biological control agent must be in the same place at the same time as the target of the
control effort. Also, EPNs serve as an ideal model system in which to study population structural
dynamics on a theoretical level. We know little of what drives EPN population distribution and
persistence. The work on EPN spatial and temporal distribution, both natural populations and those that
have been applied for biological control, bring to the forefront this challenge. Two simple questions
exemplify some of the most important aspects of how ecology and behavior relate to biological control:
(1) Why can EPNs be isolated from one location, but if you walk 5 meters in any direction, there are no
EPNs? (2) Why can EPNs be isolated from one location today, but next week, they will no longer be
there? The questions are simple, but the answers are extremely complicated.
Wild EPN populations are patchy in space and erratic in time. Most studies of EPN persistence after they
are applied as biological control agents show these populations to closely resemble natural populations
almost immediately after application. I will focus on biotic and abiotic drivers that reinforce the patchy
nature of EPN populations. Abiotic drivers include aspects of soil, such as particle size, salinity, moisture
content, organic matter content and origin. These characteristics of soil vary on a scale that is small
enough to be complimentary to EPN distribution. Biotic drivers are more complicated. The presence of
potential hosts and their relative attractiveness contribute to EPN distribution. The behavior of EPNs
toward hosts varies significantly with host quality and with EPN age. Layered upon these positive
feedbacks are several negative influences on EPN populations which include the presence of natural
enemies and competing species of EPNs.
Theoretical and practical approaches to understanding EPN ecology work together. Without theoretical
underpinnings, studies that simply follow EPN persistence over time lack strong hypotheses that would
make them applicable outside of our small community. Theoretical studies that ignore the importance of
the role of EPNs in agriculture may have limited impact on their role as biological control agents. One of
my objectives throughout my career in general, and with this presentation in particular, is to bridge the
gap between the theoretical and the practical.
25
S-09
Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Key Pests in Israel
Itamar GLAZER
Department of Entomology, Nematology Div., Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani
Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.
[email protected]
Abstract
The use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) against important pest in Israel has been evaluated, in past
three years, in field trails. The presentation describes the results of using EPN for control of Maladera
matrida Argaman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in peanuts and the buprestid beetle Capnodis tenebrionis L. in
stone fruit orchards.
White grubs of M. matrida are major soil pests of agriculture crops causing substantial damage to
ornamentals, peanuts and sweet potatoes. Three trials were conducted in peanut fields during the growing
season (April to October) of 2009-2011 in the north- western “Negev” region of Israel. We evaluate the
efficacy and persistence of commercial EPN products by Koppert Co., Holland. The nematodes were applied
using different application methods: Spray, irrigation and soil injection. The presence of nematodes in the
soil was evaluated using „Galleria traps‟. The affect of the various treatments on yield and damage to the
peanuts were determined at harvest time.
Application of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, resulted in 90% reduction in damage to the peanuts with no
affect on the yield.
Larvae of C. tenebrionis invade and cause damage to the roots. Trees can rapidly kill by this distractive pest.
The objective of the current study was to test the efficacy of the EPN to control of C. tenebrionis larvae
inside and outside the tree root system. The experiments were conducted during 2011-2013 in a commercial
plantation covered with insect proof netting that will be deliberately infested by fertile adult beetles.
Nematodes (Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltiae and H. bacteriophora) were applied at rates of 3*106 or
1*106 infective juveniles per tree in drench around the trunk of trees. Throughout the study, nematodes
survival in the soil was estimated using nematode traps in soil samples collected around the trunk. The initial
results indicate substantial reduction of insect infection by 70-80%.
In all trails, nematodes appeared to be active during the entire growing season. Towards the end of the
season, nematode activity was also detected in the un-treated control plots.
26
S-10
Enhancing the efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi
Tariq M. BUTT
Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, SA2 8PP, UK
[email protected]
Abstract
The demand for biological control agents (BCAs) especially entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) is expected to
increase due to the withdrawal of many chemical pesticides, new EU legislation (e.g. Directive 128/2009EC)
which encourages use of BCAs, and consumers wanting pesticide free food. A major criticism of EPF in the
past has been that they are costly and give inconsistent results. Considerable progress has been made in
improving production and efficacy. This presentation focuses on strategies being developed to enhance the
efficacy of EPF under field conditions.
27
S-11
The three major taxonomic groups of insect pathogenic fungi: phylogeny, life cycle
with insects and co-evolution
Jørgen EILENBERG
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40
DK 1871 Frederiksberg C., DENMARK
[email protected]
Abstract
The three major taxonomic groups of insect pathogenic fungi are:
Entomophthoramycota (genera Entomophthora, Pandora, Zoophthora and others)
Ascomycota, order Hypocreales (genera Cordyceps sensu lato and their asexual forms
(Metarhizium, Beauveria), but also other genera)
Ascomycota, order Onygenales (genus Ascosphaera)
My presentation will provide an outline of some major characters for these groups. These three groups have
their own evolutionary history and have by that developed different traits with respect to specificity
(specialists versus generalists), infection biology and life cycle. While fungi from Entomophthoramycota and
Hypocreales infect through host cuticle, fungi from Onygenales infect their bee host by oral uptake and
germination in the gut. An interesting example of convergent evolution is that the sexual stage from
Hypocreales and the asexual stage from Entomophthoramycota share a trait, namely active spore release. In
contrast, asexual spores from insect pathogenic Hypocreales and resting spores from Entomophthoramycota
are both passively released. Concerning interactions with social insects, there are examples from all three
groups of fungi. These interactions can provide us with new insight into social immunity. Both fundamental
questions about insect pathogenic fungi and prospects for their application will be discussed.
28
S-12
Comparative proteomics of HearNPV budded and occlusion-derived virus
Zhihong HU
State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
[email protected]
Abstract
The replication of lepidopteran baculoviruses is characterized by the production of two progeny phenotypes:
the occlusion derived virus (ODV) establishes infection in midgut cells and the budded virus (BV)
disseminates infection to different tissues within the susceptible host. To understand the structural, and hence
functional differences between BV and ODV we employed multiple proteomic methods to reveal protein
composition and post-translational modifications of the two phenotypes of Helicoverpa armigera
nucleopolyhedrovirus. In addition, Western blots and quantitative mass spectrometry were used to identify
localization of proteins in the envelope or nucleocapsid fractions. Comparative protein portfolios of BV and
ODV showing the distribution of 54 proteins, encompassing 21 shared by BV and ODV, 12 BV-specific and
21 ODV-specific proteins were obtained. Among the 11 ODV-specific envelope proteins, 8 are either
essential for or contribute to oral infection. Twenty three phosphorylated and 6 N-glycosylated viral proteins
were also identified. While the proteins shared by the two phenotypes appear to be important for
nucleocapsid assembly and trafficking, the structural and functional differences between the two phenotypes
are evidently characterized by the envelope proteins and post-translational modifications. This comparative
proteomics study provides new insight into how BV and ODV are formed and why they function differently.
29
S-13
Pathogens and nematodes of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Georgia
coniferous forest
Medea BURJANADZE
Agricultural University of Georgi, Vasil Gulisashvili Forest Institute, Tbilisi, Georgia
[email protected]
Abstract
Georgia is distinguished with its biodiversity, with endemic and relict species of plants in Caucasus. Picea
orientalis, Pinus sosnovskiy, Pinus Eldarica , are widespread and presence in Georgian coniferous forest.
Principal species bark beetles: Spruce bark beetle - Ips typographus L, Great spruce bark beetle Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann), Six-toothed bark beetle - Ips sexdentatus (Börner), Pine shoot beetleTomicus piniperda L. are causing tree mortality throughout the coniferos forest. 50-70-ies of the last century
had emerged in forests of Borjomi gorge extremely harmful insect pest D.micans, caused drying of millions
of spruce trees. From 2000, I. typographus became in a major outbreak in last decide. Human activity,
changing climate, changing physiological conditions of host plants, influence on insect activity, increase it
responsibility and risk for new colonization, not only in Georgia, but in Caucasian and Bleak sea region.
During 2001-2012, our research was focusing for the control bark beetles with using a mechanical methods
and pheromone traps. Also we are investigated natural enemies: predators and pathogens(microorganisms
and parasitic nematodes) which are responsible to make balance density of bark species.
Various pathogen species and nematodes are observed in the population of bark beetles. Gregarina
typographi,were revealed in I. typographus (41.1-49.5%.) and I. sexdentatus (17.3%). Chytridiopsis
typographi was found in I. typographus and T.piniperda (9.1% -15%) and I. sexdentatus, (4.1%). Fungus
Beauveria bassiana (1.5%) were found in I.typographus. Nematodes (40.7-71.4%) Contortylenchus
diplogaster. were observed in I. typographus. Contortylenchus sp. was found in I.sexdentatus, 26.1%
nematodes was associate with D.micans.
Key words: bark beetles, pathogens, nematodes, biological control
Acknowledgements This study was supported by the GNSF Project #122 (2007-2009); #514(2009-2012);
Geo.Ac.Sci. (2001-2005); USDA FS (SRS 06-IC- 11330129-035, 2006-2007).
30
S-14
Use of Entomopathogens in The Biological Control of Ticks
Şaban TEKİNa, Adem KESKINb
a
Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science & Art, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Tokat
[email protected]
b
Gaziosmanpasa Üniversitesi, University, Faculty of Science & Art, Department of Biology, Tokat
Abstract
Ticks are mandatory blood-feeding ectoparasites living in different regions of the world. They play important
role in the life chain of the zoonotic pathogens. Since they transmit zoonotic pathogens causing serious
diseases in humans and animals, they have a negative influence on the humans and animal life and cause
serious economical losses in agriculture. Therefore, tick populations should be controlled by effective
biocontrol methods to prevent tick-borne diseases. Use of chemical acarisides is the most common method to
control tick populations. To date biological control methods have not been used for the control of ticks in
Turkey. Previous studies showed that bacteria species like Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus, fungus
species, such as Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, and some nematodes, Steinernema and
Heterorhabditis can be used for the biological control of ticks. The studies with entomopathogenic fungi
showed that M. anisopliae (BIPESCO strain) and B. bassiana killed %64-76 and %36-96 of the ticks
respectively. Application of these fungi on ticks in combination increased the killing rates to 99%.
Entomopathogenic Steinernematid nematodes, S. carpocapsae (DT and Mexica strain), and S. riobrave (TX
and HP88 strain), and heterorhabditid nematodes, H. bacteriophora (HP88 strain) and H. indicus (IS-5 strain)
are widely used for tick control studies. The studies with S. carpocapsae showed that it is 100% effective on
the ticks. The results of the previous studies clearly indicate the usefulness of the entomopathogens for tick
control. As a result, future tick control studies involving laboratory and field experiments will contribute to
the effectiveness of entomopathogens, control of ticks and tick-borne diseases, and development of novel tick
control strategies involving entomopathogens in Turkey.
Key words: Ticks, biological control, entomopathogens, bacteria, fungi, nematodes.
31
S-15
Viral biocontrol agents, past, present and future: A Canadian perspective
Basil M. ARIF
Laboratory for Molecular Virology, Great Lakes Forestry Centre Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
[email protected]
Abstract
Operational use of viral control agents started in the 1940s when the European Spruce Sawfly,
Gilpinia hercyniae, materialized as a major forest insect pest. The insect was imported to Canada in 1922 and
became established on spruce trees. Infested areas were treated with a nucleopolyhedrovirus that caused a
collapse of the infestation within two year. To date, emergence of this pest is quickly followed by collapse
due to the virus that was employed almost six decades ago. Such a spectacular success was followed by
equally spectacular failures. The gregarious nature of the insect appears to mediate the spread of the virus
within a population while solitary insects, such as the Eastern Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana,
pose an entirely different challenge. Soon it became evident that management of infestations is dependent on
the virus, the habitat of the pest and application technology. Major efforts were expended to study the
relationship between viruses and specific insect hosts since this relationship has evolved over millions of
years. At the same time, developments in application technology have advanced significantly to assure proper
targeting and to address serious environmental concerns and issues. Indeed, application technology appeared
to have enhanced the efficacy of viruses in pest management.
To date, a number of viruses have been tested for efficacy and safety to non-target organisms such as avian,
mammalian, fish and insects and have been registered for wide-scale operational use against defoliating
lepidopteran and hymenopteran insects. However, with enhanced global trade, new introduced pests have
emerged to which there are no effective biolcontrol agents. Such invasive species present serious problems to
countries world-wide and diligent searches for effective parasites against such pests should be of a high
priority in order to preserve the environment as much as possible. Perhaps metagenomics offer an avenue to
search for potentially successful control agents.
32
S-16
The effects of Bacillus thuringiensis and Neemazal on larvaes of
Hypantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) damaging on leafed trees
Temel GÖKTÜRKa, Ömer Naci KAYAb, Yaşar AKSUb
Artvin Coruh University, Forest Faculty, Artvin, Turkey
[email protected]
b
Artvin Regional Forestry Management, Artvin, Turkey
Abstract
The fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera:Arctiidae) causes damage to more than 200
species of deciduous trees in Georgia-Batumi. H.cunea is an insect pest of road-side and garden and parks
trees in Adjara (Kobuleti, Urekhi Ozurgeti, Khelvachkhauri regions) where in summer during resort season,
nearly all plants are destroyed by American White Butterfly. The fall webworm It feeds on almost all fruit,
shade, and ornamental trees except conifers, commonly attacking hickory, walnut, birch, cherry, grape, apple,
prunus and crabapple. Fall webworms are known for the large, unsightly webs they produce. Heavy
infestations are rarely fatal, but if they occur repeatedly over several years they can stress trees and make
them more susceptible to drought, disease or other insect pests. Various control methods have been deployed
against the pest H.cunea such as Mechanical (removal of nets), biological (encourage predators and
parasities; apply Btk) and chemical (Standard and systematic insecticides) control. This study was conducted
to determine the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) and Neemazal on the larvae of
Hyphantria cunea Drury, (Lepidoptera:Arctiidae) in 2012.
Firstly, fourth-fifth star larvae of fall webworm in second generation is collected from forest and agricultural
areas in Artvin, Arhavi. We put 15 larvae and fresh alder leaves in each test container. Alder leaves before is
sprayed with Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki formulation Bio-T Plus® (consisting of 16,000 IU mg
spores, we put in 1 cc for 1 liter), later dried. These leaves are put test container on 08.26.2012. Test
containers were checked 3 times on 30.08.2012 and 07-14.09.2012. Fifty-four larvae and two pupa died the
total number of 75 larval in test containers. Four pupa has got parasitoids which are Chouioia cunea (Yang).
Fifteen pupa was butterfly. It was also estimated that the pesticide was effective on the 4th and 5th larvae
stages of the second generation with 74.6 %. Another experiment was use Neemezall (1 cc for 1 liter). Fortyseven larvae and five pupa died the total number of 75 larva in test containers. Seven pupa has got parasitoids
which are Chouioia cunea (Yang). Sixteen pupa was butterfly. It was also estimated that the Neemazal was
effective on the 4th and 5th larvae stages of the second generation with 69.3 %. The present study showed
that Btk and Neemazal have got possitife effect for control of H.cunea.
Key words: Hyphantria cunea; Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki; Neemazal
33
S-17
Entomopathogenic fungi: A promising biological control agent against bark beetles
İsmail DEMİRa, Seda KOCAÇEVİKa, Ali SEVİMb, Mahmut EROĞLUc, Zihni DEMİRBAĞa
a
Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Trabzon, Turkey.
[email protected]
b
Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Environmental Engineering, Kırşehir,
Turkey.
c
Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forestry Engineering, Trabzon, Turkey.
Abstract
Bark beetles are serious pests of the coniferous forests and cause economic losses all over the world. In order
to protect forests, finding a new and innovative environmental friendly approach against bark beetles is very
important. Control strategies which have been applied so far are still insufficient to prevent their damages.
The use of entomopathogenic fungi against bark beetles are an attractive alternative tools for many biological
control programs in forestry. In this study, in order to determine an effective fungal agent against bark
beetles, 12 fungal samples were isolated from Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
which is one of the most serious destructive pest of oriental spruce (Picea orientalis L.) in Turkey. After
morphological and molecular characterizations, these isolates were identified as Lecanicillium muscarium
(2), Isaria farinose (6), Fusarium sp. (2), Beauveria pseudobassiana and Beauveria sp. Based on screening
studies, B. pseudobassiana strain had the highest mortality with 90% and 93% within 10 days towards the
larvae and adults of D. micans, respectively. Dose-response and wood block (from spruce, 15 x 25 cm)
experiments, B. pseudobassiana is an important candidate against D. micans. Our further experiments
showed it can also be used against other two most important bark beetles (Ips sexdentatus and Ips
typographus). Findings from all results indicate that Beauveria pseudobassiana seems to be a very effective
agent against bark beetles, this strain can spread horizontally among populations of pests, and it is a
promising biological control agent that can be used against bark beetles.
Key words: Dendroctonus micans, Bark beetles, Entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria pseudobassiana,
Microbial control
Acknowledgements: This study was supported by TUBĠTAK, (Project Number: 110O165).
34
S-18
Potential of slow-killing insect viruses to control leaf-rollers in tea fields
Madoka NAKAI
Institute of Agriculture, Division of Bioregulation and Biointeraction,
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan 183-8509
[email protected]
Abstract
Tea is an important cash crop in Japan. The morphological features of tea, as a perennial and evergreen plant
showing dense leaves on its canopy, provide a habitat for various insects including pests and their natural
enemies. Excessive application of chemical pesticides has caused resistance to develop in insect pests, and
the combination of pesticide resistance and the persistence of pesticide residues on the harvested tea leaves
has stimulated the development of microbial control strategies for these pests. Tea leaf-rollers (Adoxophyes
honmai and Homona magnanima; Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) are important pests of tea plants. An agent based
on granuloviruses (GVs) to control those leaf-rollers in tea fields was registered in Japan. The GVs are well
adapted to control leaf-rollers in tea systems, and are also advantageous for virus production using living
insects. A notable feature of this host-pathogen system is that a single virus application was able to suppress
the leaf-rollers throughout a whole year, during which four generations of the pest species normally occur in
Japan. This was because the virus kills the host slowly, allowing active progeny virus to transmit itself to
young insects in the next host generation. A natural field survey of A. honmai populations in Japan revealed
that an entomopoxvirus was highly prevalent, followed by A. honmai NPV. These viruses also kill the host
more slowly than typical NPVs as fast-killing viruses. Thus, slow-killing viruses may have adapted to leafroller pests of evergreen and perennial tea plants.
35
S-19
A Study on the Production, Purification and Acaricidal Activity of a Red Pigment
from Beauveria bassiana isolate Paf04
Serkan ORTUCUa, Murat OZDALb, Nurcan ALBAYRAK ISKENDERc, Omer Faruk ALGURb
a
Erzurum Technical University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum, Turkey
[email protected]
b
Atatürk University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Erzurum,Turkey
c
Artvin Coruh University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Artvin,Turkey
Abstract
The objective of this study, acaricidal activity of the red pigment produced by Beauveria bassiana was
assessed. As a test organisms, two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch. (Acari: Tetranychidae)
was reared on bean plants, and B. bassiana isolate PaF04 was isolated from P. abietina larvae in the previous
study. Pigment production is carried out in liquid culture. At the end of logarithmic phase, agitation was
stopped and cultivation continued for additional 2 days in order to maximize pigment extraction. Then,
fermentation broth was centrifuged and filtered through a filter paper in order to remove mycelium and cell
debris. Acetic acid was added to the spent broth to bring the pH down to 2.0. Then, the red pigment was
extracted from the broth using ethyl acetate at a ratio of 1:2 (v/v). The extract was evaporated using a rotary
vacuum evaporator to dryness. After the pigment solution was prepared in methanol. Three different
preparations, each supplied with 0.02% Tween 80, were tested. They were: 1x106 conidia/ml spore
suspension alone, the same spore concentration plus 0,1-5 mg red pigment/leaf disc and the pigment solution
alone. Distilled water containing 0.02% Tween 80 and methanol was used as control. As a result, when
applied alone to T. urticae, mortality percentages of 73.21% was recorded on the third day after the
application and at the 0.1 mg/leaf disc concentration. For treated with B. bassiana spore suspension,
mortality was 7.17%. The best results were obtained when red pigment was combined with fungal spores
with the mortality percentage being increased to up to 100%. Mortality was found to increase in time and was
dependent on the pigment concentration, this result might be explained by a possible synergistic action.
Key words: Beauveria bassiana, red pigment, Tetranychus urticae, Biological control
36
S-20
The First Study on Pathogenicity of Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana to Control
The Little Spruce Sawfly Pristiphora abietina (Christ.) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in
Turkey
Nurcan ALBAYRAK ISKENDERa, Serkan ORTUCUb, Ayşegül SARALa, Yaşar AKSUc
a
[email protected]
b
c
Abstract
In the last years, the little spruce sawfly Pristiphora abietina (Christ.) is producing outbreak on spruce out of
Savsat Forests in Artvin and there are no biological methods to control over-populations. The P. abietina
larvae were collected in Savsat Forests and B. bassiana isolates (PaF04, PaF09, PaF76) were isolated from P.
abietina larvae in the previous study. Applications were performed by immersing the larvae in the conidial
suspension (107 conidia/ml) for 30 s. Controls consisted of larvae immersed in distilled water plus Tween 80.
P.abietina larvae were transferred to plastic containers and were incubated 100% and 65±5% relative
humidity (RH) with a 12:12 h photoperiod at 26±2 oC. Mortality was recorded daily for a period of 5 days.
Mortality caused by fungi was confirmed by microscopic examination of spores on the surface of the larvae.
Cumulative percentage mortality data from experiments were corrected for natural mortality using Abbott‟s
formula. The experiments showed that the mortality by B. bassiana generally increased with higher humidity
conditions. 100% RH resulted 100% mortality for all fungal isolates. LT 50 and LT90 values varied between
1.85±0.30 and 4.47±0.66 days, respectively. But, in the 65±5% RH, fungal isolates tested were pathogenic to
the P.abietina larvae causing mortality between 49.1±4.52% and 91.1±7.2%, and was significantly different
between the isolates (p<0.05). This study demonstrates the prospects of B. bassiana for the management of
P.abietina under laboratory conditions.
Key words: Pristiphora abietina, Beauveria bassiana, Biological control, Entomopathogenic fungi
Acknowledge: This study was supported by Artvin Coruh University research grant (BAP-2011.F15.02.18).
37
S-21
Investigations on bacteria as a potential biological control agents on corn stalk borer,
Sesamia nonagrioides (Lef.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Ardahan ESKİa, Mustafa GÜLLÜb, Filiz ÖZKAN ÇAKICIa, Zihni DEMİRBAĞa, İsmail DEMİRa
a
[email protected]
b
Biological Control Research Station, Adana, Turkey.
Abstract
Corn stalk borer (Sesamia nonagrioides Lef., Lep.: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous pest common in Turkey and
other Mediterranean countries. Its larvae cause a significant damage in stalk, stem and leaf of maize. In
addition to maize, it is also effective on some plant such paddy, wheat and barley. Although various cultural,
chemical and biological methods are being used to control this pest, its damage still continues effectively all
over the world. Investigating the bacterial flora may give a better chance to find significant microbial control
agent against this pest. Therefore, in this study, firstly we obtained 15 culturable bacterial isolates from pest
collected in Çukurova, Adana. Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular
properties, bacterial flora of S. nonagrioides was determined as Achromobacter insolitus (Sn1), Morganella
morganii (Sn2), Klebsiella pneumoniae (Sn3), Citrobacter freundii (Sn4), Arthrobacter mysorens (Sn5),
Chryseobacterium indologenes (Sn6), Bacillus thuringiensis (Sn7), Bacillus pumilus (Sn8), Bacillus
thuringiensis (Sn9), Bacillus thuringiensis (Sn10), Klebsiella pneumoniae (Sn11), Staphylococcus sciuri
(Sn12), Enterobacter kobei (Sn13), Serratia marcescens (Sn14) and Microbacterium arborescens (Sn15).
The insecticidal effects of 15 bacterial isolates from S. nonagrioides and 3 bacteria belonging to Bacillus
genus from our culture collection were tested on the 3 rd instar larvae of this pest. Sn10 from bacterial flora
members and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki isolates with code MnD (from Malacosama neustria) have
the highest mortality with 93% against the pest within 10 days. In the dose-response experiments, increasing
the concentration of bacteria gradually increased the larval mortality, and reached 100% with two-fold
concentration with Sn10. Results indicates that Bacillus thuringiensis Sn10 is a very affective candidate to be
utilized as biocontrol agent against S. nonagrioides.
Key words: Sesamia nonagrioides, Bacillus thuringiensis, Microbial control
Acknowledgements: This study was supported by Karadeniz Technical University, Scientific Research
Projects Division, (Project Number: 8761).
38
S-22
First results on the susceptibility of two forest pest insects for a Georgian isolate of
Isaria fumosorosea
Manana KERESELIDZEa, Andreas LINDEb, Daniela PILARSKAc, Slavimira DRAGANOVAd
a
V. Gulisashvili Forest Institute of the Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
[email protected]
b
University of Applied Sciences, Eberswalde, Germany
c
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Sofia, Bulgaria
d
Institute of Soil Science, Agrotechnologies and Plant Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
Abstract
Isaria fumosorosea is widely distributed throughout the world and has been isolated mainly from
Lepidoptera. It is regarded as a species complex, and various strains are successfully used for the biological
control of insects, mainly whiteflies. However there is still limited information about its host specificity and
efficacy against forest pest insects.
We studied the susceptibility of two important forest pest insects, Dendrolimus pini L. and Lymantria dispar
L. for I. fumosorosea, isolated from Hyphantria cunea Drury in Georgia (ARSEF access no. 10244). Larvae
of D. pini in the 4th to5th instar, collected in Brandenburg / Germany on Pinus sylvestris, and 3rd instar larvae
of a laboratory strain (NJSS) of L. dispar were exposed to the fungus in a maximum-challenge laboratory
experiment. A conidial suspension of 1.4*107 conidia/ml was used for D. pini and 1*108 conidia/ml for L.
dispar. Mortality of larvae was checked daily, and efficacy corrected with mortality in the control treatment
was calculated according to Schneider-Orelli's formula.
Both species were susceptible for I. fumosorosea. The mycosis caused by the Georgian I. fumosorosea isolate
showed 45% and 15.5 % corrected efficacy against larvae of D. pini and of L. dispar, respectively, at day 15
post treatment.
This is the first study on mortality of these two species of forest defoliators caused by I. fumosorosea. Based
on our results we suggest additional experiments, using different concentrations and modifications in the
rearing conditions, to estimate the potential of this strain of I. fumosorosea for the use in biological control
Key words: Isaria fumosorosea, Dendrolimus pini, Lymantria dispar, biological control.
Acknowledgements: This study was supported by the German Academic Exchange Service .(DAAD).
39
S-23
Development of methods for the selection of strains of entomopathogenic
fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., effective against of bark beetle (Ips
sexdentatus Boern., Ips hauseri Reitter)
Kuralay MAZARZHANOVAa, Anastasiya LUKINAb, Nurzhan MUKHAMADIYEVa, Nursagım
AŞIKBAEVa
a
The Kazakh Research Institute for Plant Protection and Quarantine, the Department of Technical Culture
and Forest Protection
[email protected]
b
The Kazakh Research Institute for Plant Protection and Quarantine, Biotechnology Laboratory
Almaty, Kazakhstan
Abstract
The paper presents the results of laboratory experiments on evaluation biological effectiveness of strains of
entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana to larvae and adults of bark beetles. As a standard medium for the seed
material used the agarized modified medium Saburo. After sowing test tubes with culture were placed in a
thermostat (temperature 25 ° C) on 8-10 days before the appearance of intensive sporulation. Collection of
conidia was conducted by washout of the substrate. The titer of spores of the obtained suspension was
determined by the camera Gorjaev. Fungus also was cultured on bulk substrate – millet. The biomass of
several strains (BCh-09, BAP3-10, BLS1-10) in the form of a dry powder containing blastospores has been
tested. Laboratory assessment of the biological activity of the strains to bark beetles (Ips sexdentatus Boern.,
Ips hauseri Reitter) was carried out according to standard methods. The repeatability of the experiment fourfold. The titer of the suspension make up 5× 10 8 spores / ml, control - treatment with water. Insects after
treatment were contained in mikrocade. On the 6 th day treatment by after a spore suspension the mortality
beetle of the larvae rate was 75-80%, on the 8th day - 100%. On the 6th day of the experiment mortality
beetle rate was 35-50%, and on the 12th day - 85%. Laboratory tests showed that assessment of virulence of
strains of entomopathogenic fungi against bark beetles will by continued in the laboratory and natural
conditions.
Key words: Entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.)Vuill.
40
S-24
Baculuvirus-insect peritrophic matrix interaction: Can we develop more effective
baculoviruses using the knowledge on enhancin-insect intestinal mucins substrate
specificity?
Umut TOPRAKa, Dwayne D. HEGEDUSb, Martin A. ERLANDSONb, David THEILMANNc
a
Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection Dışkapı Ankara, Turkey
b
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
c
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC, Canada
[email protected]
Abstract
Many insects possess a non-cellular porous structure in their midgut, the Peritrophic matrix (PM), which is
composed of chitin and proteins. PM serves as a mechanical and biochemical barrier to pathogens including
baculoviruses and virions must cross the PM to infect midgut epithelial cells. Some baculoviruses including
Mamestra configurata nucleopolyhedrovirus (MacoNPV), encode metalloproteases, known as enhancins
which was shown to degrade insect intestinal mucins (IIMs) in the PM. However, proteomic and genomic
studies revealed 4 different types of IIMs; sinle (IIMs with 1-2 chitin binding and mucin domains), binary
(IIMs with a single mucin domain flanked by chitin binding domains), complex (IIMs with multiple 6cysteine and 8-cysteine register chitin binding domains and mucin domains), repetitive (IIMs with duplicated
chitin binding and mucins domains). We examined the interaction between MacoNPV-A enhancin and
various types of M. configurata IIMs. Per os feeding of M. configurata larvae with MacoNPV occlusion
bodies (OBs) revealed that the complex-type McIIM4 was degraded within 4 h post inoculation as was
previously shown for another complex-type IIM, McIIM1. However, the binary-type McIIM2 was
unaffacted. In order to confirm such spesific degradation, M. configurata PMs and OBs from MacoNPV,
recombinant Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus expressing MacoNPV enhancin
(AcMNPV-enh) and wild-type AcMNPV were incubated in an alkaline dissolution buffer in vitro separately.
These assays revealed that, McIIM4 was again degraded but McIIM2 was not degraded in the presence of
enhancin-coding viruses, MacoNPV and AcMNPV-enh. Degradation of McIIM4 was inhibited by the
metalloprotease inhibitor EDTA, indicating that the degradation was due to a metalloprotease, enhancin in
this case. Therefore, MacoNPV enhancin is capable of degrading complex-type IIMs (McIIM1 and McIIM4)
but not binary-type IIMs (McIIM2). Such information as well as the unique characteristics of specific-type
mucins could be used to generate more effective insect control strategies targeting mucins by enhancins.
Key words: Baculovirus, Enhancin, Peritrophic Matrix, Mucin
41
S-25
Effects of Some Entomopathogen Fungi Against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick)
(Lepidoptera: Gelehiidae)
Gürsel KARACAa, Burcu AÇILOĞLUa, Hatice ACARBULUTa ve İsmail KARACAa
a
Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department, Isparta
[email protected]
Abstract
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) has recently been causing significant damage in the
tomato cultivation areas of our country. In this study, efficiencies of entomopathogen fungi; Beauveria
bassiana, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and P. lilacinus against this pest were investigated by petri and pot
trials. Tomato plants grown in a climatized room and 3 rd or 4th stage larvae of the pest were used in the trials.
Conidial suspensions (2x108 conidia/ml) of the entomopathogens were applied by spraying, dipping and
residue methods and 10 replicate plates with 5 larvae in each plate, were used for each application. Pot trials
were performed with 5 replicates and entomopathogens were applied by three different methods; 1:
entomopathogens were applied first and then pest was infested, 2: entomopathogens were applied on pest
infested plants, 3: entomopathogens were applied after the larvae penetrated into the leaf epidermis.
Efficiencies of the entomopathogens were evaluated by Abbott, data were subjected to the analyses of
variance by SPSS program and means were compared by Tukey‟s test.
As a result of petri trials, it was observed that larval death strated 24 hours after the application and at the end
of 7th day almost all larvae died, both in three methods. In the pot trials, as a result of the observations made
in the 15th day after applications, it was determined that the applications of entomopathogens made after the
larvae penetrated into the epidermis were not effective. It was also determined that the first application was
gained better results than the second and P. fumosoroseus was found to be the most effective
entomopathogen in both methods.
Key words: Tomato moth, Beauveria bassiana, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, P. lilacinus, biological control
Acknowledgement: This study was supported by the Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology (Project
Number: 00784.STZ.2011-1) and Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unite of Süleyman Demirel
University (Project Numbers: 2951-YL-11 and 2942-YL-11).
42
S-26
Determination Of Bioactive Entomopathogen Bacteria Scale-Up Strategies
a
Ahmet KATI, aAli Özhan AYTEKİN, a,bİkbal Agah İNCE, aFikrettin ŞAHİN
a
Yeditepe University, Department of Genetic and Bioengineering, Istanbul
[email protected]
b
Wageningen University, Laboratory of Biochemistry, The Netherlands
Abstract
For years, struggling the agriculture, forestry and agriculture in many forms damaging insects and
Mosquitoes which causes spread of infectious diseases that threaten human health, is used chemical
insecticides that bringing the development of resistance in insects, their irreversible damage to the
environment, non-target organisms and the environment that may cause damage due to toxic residues which
all of them are directed alternative pest control methods. In the begining of these methods, the most common
using is through the entomopathogenic microorganisms. Nowadays, the most of these microorganisms are
known and commercially available on the market are Bacillus thurigiensis and B. sphaericus types.
This study was done about having bioactive properties B. spahericus which is isolated from mosquitoes, try
to produce at lab-scale and determine the scale-up strategy. Because of the scale-up process affects the
characteristics of microorganisms that the large scale production is an engineering problem.
In this study, the transferred into the liquid power was kept constant, during the scale-up was carried out
from erlen-mayer to bioreactor (4L), cell dry weight, total protein amount and toxin amount was followed
and in erlen-mayer experiment was reached 7.1 g/L CDW, according to these results, the scale-up process
was realized production effiency 90% under proper air level and stirring speed. B. spaehericus scale-up
process with transferred into the liquid power was succesfully completed.
Key words: Entomopathogen bacterium, Media optimization, mass production.
43
S-27
Evaluation of aqueous suspension and infected cadaver application of
entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae)
against root-knot nematodes (Tylenchida: Meloidoginidae)
a
Ilker KEPENEKCI, aEmre EVLICE, bSelçuk HAZIR and cAdnan TÜLEK
a
Directorate of Plant Protection Central Research Institute
[email protected]
b
Adnan Menderes University, Department Of Biology, Aydın
c
Directorate of Trakya Agricultural Research Institute, 22100 Edirne
Abstract
One of the major pests of the vegetables is root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) (RKNs) which cause loss
of production by bringing knots in the roots. Herein, the effects of infective juveniles (IJs) in aqueous
suspension of Steinernema feltiae, S. glaseri, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora species and infected Galleria
mellonella larvae by S. feltiae IJs (infected cadaver) against the RKNs (Meloidogyne incognita strain 2 and
M. arenaria strain 2) were evaluated. Experimental units consisted of plastic pots (7×7×7 cm) containing
sterilized loamy sand and one tomato seedling (SC-2121 variety). According to treatment, 3000 eggs were
applied to the root of tomato plants cultivated in greenhouse. The EPNs were applied (25 or 125 IJ/cm2)
(1225±25 or 6125±25 IJ/pot) at the same time with RKNs to the pots. Two different application methods
were followed in cadaver treatment. One 6-day-infected G. mellonella larva was buried (A) 1 cm below the
soil surface and approximately 2 cm far from seedling's stem or (B) infected cadaver was placed under the
plant root. A 10 ml suspension containing 3000 RKNs eggs was then poured onto the soil surface. The
control pots received only water containing 3000 RKNs eggs. The experiments contained five replicates
(pots) for each treatment. The data (1) total number of egg masses for each plant, (2) plant height, (3) fresh
and dry weight of the upper parts of plants and (4) fresh and dry root weight were recorded. The results
showed that both aqueous suspension and infected cadaver applications of EPNs suppressed significantly the
effect of root-knot nematodes. Particularly, 125 IJs/cm2 concentration of S. feltiae and infected cadavers
buried under the plant roots were more effective than the other applications.
Key words: Root-knot nematode, entomopathogenic nematode, Galleria mellonella, biological control,
tomato
Acknowledgement: This study was supported by TUBITAK (Project No: 111O784).
44
S-28
Potential of two entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium
anisopliae, as biological control agents against the June beetle, Polyphylla fullo (L.)
Özgür ATEŞa, Burcu AÇILOĞLUa and Fedai ERLERb
a
Bioglobal Inc., Konyaalti St. 07100 Antalya, Turkey.
[email protected]
b
Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection 07070 Antalya, Turkey.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana
strain PPRI 5339(BroadBand® EC) and Metarhizium anisopliae strain F52 (Met52®, both EC and GR
formulations) as biological control agents against the June beetle, Polyphylla fullo. Larvicidal bioassays were
performed in foam boxes (100 x 75 x 50 cm; L x W x H), containing moist soil medium with some humus
and potato tubers as food. While the B. bassiana product (min. 4 x 109 conidia/ml) was applied at 100, 150
and 200 ml/100 L water, M. anisopliae strain F52 was applied at 500, 1000 and 1500 g/m3 of moist soil
medium for granular (GR, 9 x 10 8cfu/g) and 75, 100 and 125 ml/100 L water for emulsifiable concentrate
(EC, 5.5 x 109 conidia/ml) formulations. Both B. bassiana and M. anisopliae were pathogenic to larvae of P.
fullo, however young larvae (1st and 2nd instars) were more susceptible to infection than older ones (3 rd
instar). Mortality rates of young and older larvae varied with conidial concentration of both fungi and elapsed
time after application. The B. bassiana product was the most effective, causing mortalities up to 79.8 and
71.6% in young and older larvae, respectively. The highest mortality rates of young and older larvae caused
by M. anisopliae were 74.1 and 67.6% for GR formulation, 70.2 and 61.8% for EC formulation, respectively.
These results may suggest that both fungi have potential to be used for management of P. fullo.
Key words: Entomopathogenic fungi; Beauveria bassiana; Metarhizium anisopliae; June beetle; Polyphylla
fullo; White grubs
45
POSTER
PRESENTATIONS
46
P-01
Development of a New Bio-Insecticide For Controlling The Lepidopteran Pests
Kazım SEZEN*, Remziye NALÇACIOĞLU, İsmail DEMİR, Hüseyin TEPE, İslam YILDIZ
and Zihni DEMİRBAĞ
Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Trabzon, Turkey,
*
[email protected]
Abstract
Turkey used to be a self-sufficient country in terms of agricultural products but today is importing
agricultural products from many other countries. One of the most important reasons for this is to not be
reliant on the effective control of pests of economically important plants. The insects belonging to the order
Lepidoptera are one of the most harmful insect groups in our country. Members of this group cause serious
damages in the agricultural and forested areas and warehouses. So far, efforts to control lepidopteran pests
have mainly involved the use of chemical insecticides, particularly insect growth inhibitors. However, these
agents can have undesirable side-effects on humans, plant and other animal species, particularly predators
and parasites of lepidopteran pests. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternative and environmentally friendly
control methods. In this study, we proposed to develop a biological preparation (bio-insecticide) against
lepidopteran pests using an insecticidal isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (BnBt). Our results
showed that the isolate has maximum growth at 30ºC, at pH 7 in Triptic Soy Broth containing 1% NaCl. Its
sporulation was supported in synthetic medium and the bacterial cell suspension was produced in pilot
fermenter. Powder bio-pesticide was produced using this cell suspension and necessary formulation materials
in the spray dryer. The physical and biological properties like wettability, suspensibility, particle size,
moisture content, and viable spores of the formulated powder were determined and noted as 30s, 80%, 25
µm, 8% and 3x1011 (CFU/gdv), respectively. Insecticidal activity of the product against Thaumetopoea
pityocampa, Plodia interpunctella and Lobesia botrana larvae in laboratory conditions were investigated.
Mortality results were identified as 48% against T. pityocampa, 90% against L. botrana and 90% against P.
interpunctella. Toxicity/pathogenicity assays of the dried powder on eukaryotic hosts were performed on
rats. Subsequently, blood, feces and lung samples of rats were investigated for the presence of B.
thuringiensis spores.
Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis, Lepidoptera, bio-pesticide
47
P-02
Isolation, characterization and insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis from
warehouses in Trabzon
Meriç DEMELİ, Kazım SEZEN, Zihni DEMİRBAĞ
Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Trabzon,
[email protected]
Abstract
Samples were obtained from warehouses in Trabzon to create different Bacillus thuringiensis strains with
new toxin combinations and the bacteria were isolated from samples. Morphological, physiological and
biochemical characterization of these bacterial isolates were accomplished and determined the insecticidal
activity of them on warehouse pests. It was obtained 26 bacterial isolates belonging Bacillus sp. These
isolates were named as B1-5, F2-7, N1-10 and Bg1-5. The colonial, cellular, physiological and biochemical
properties of these bacterial isolates were analyzed by the light microscopy, manual tests and API kit,
respectively. For the molecular characterization, 16S rDNA sequence and cry gene contents were detected.
Bg2, Bg5, N6, N9 isolates were recorded as Bacillus thuringiensis. As a result of molecular characterization,
it was detected that the isolate Bg5 has a cry1 gene, N6 has a cry3 gene. The toxic effects of the isolates were
determined by the bioassay using third instar larvae of Plodia interpunctella (Indianmeal moth), Ephestia
kuehniella (Mediterranean flour moth) and adults of Sitophilus granarius (Wheat weevil). As a consequence
of bioassay, the mortality of Bg5 against P. interpunctella was 100%. It is proposed that highly effective
insecticide Bg5 (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki) may be an important biological control agent in the
control with Lepidopteran pests in warehouse.
Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis, warehouses, biological control
48
P-03
The effect rates of Bacillus thuringiensis and Neemazal using in Biological control of
Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera:Lymantriidae)
Yaşar AKSUa Cihangir DEDEAĞAOĞLUa Berna ÇELİK GÖKTÜRKa
a
[email protected]
Abstract
The effect rate of Bacillus thuringiensis and Neemazal were studied determination in trial studies making for
biological control of Lymantria dispar (L.) damaging in Quercus (Quercus petraea) forests. Caterpillars in
the secand-third tunica were put 75 numbers as 15 numbers in every trial pot. Drug prepared by adding 1 cc
to 1 liter water from Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki being 16.000 bacterial in mg was sprayed to fresh
Quercus leaves. Leaves which were wetted with drug were put in trial pots by drying on 27.05.2012. Death
of 58 caterpillars and death of 6 pupaes were determined in controls made on 03-10-25.06.2012. Moreover,
11 grown pupaes was determined. B. Thuringiensis was observed to be effective in rate of %85,3 on larvaes.
With drug prepared by adding 1 cc Neemazal to 1 liter water, it was determined that 59 caterpillars were
died, 16 pupaes were remained in pupae stage, 2 pupaes were died, 14 pupaes were adult. Furthermore,
Neemazal was observed to be effective in rate of %81,3.
Key words: Lymantria dispar, Bacillus thuringiensis, biological control, Neemazal
49
P-04
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Natural Entomopathogenic Fungi
Özlem GÜVENa, Fatma Gül ÖZÇELİK b
Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Isparta
[email protected]
b
Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi Biyoloji Bölümü, Kahramanmaraş
Abstract
In this study, entomopathogen was isolated from soil samples collected from the central villages of
KahramanmaraĢ wheat fields and BaĢkonuĢ forests. Development characteristics of isolates on artificial
medium, microscopic examination of the morphological structures and molecular characterization were
performed Beauveria bassiana, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium sp. were
identified. Time of germination and hyphae production, colony color and development, shape of conidi,
conidiophor and phialid were used for morphological characterizations. 18S and ITS region nucleotide
sequences were used molecular characterization of fungal isolates. Observed sequence results were compared
with database sequence using Blast and phylogenetic tree was drawn using Mega 4.1 software.
Key words: Morphological characterization, ITS, 18S, Beauveria bassiana, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium
spp.
50
P-05
Isolation and characterization of a parasitic nematode, Oscheius myriophila
(Nematoda: Rhabditida), associated with European mole cricket, Gryllotalpa
gryllotalpa (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae)
Zeynep ERBAŞ, Zihni DEMIRBAĞ, İsmail DEMIR
[email protected]
Abstract
A nematode strain was isolated from a population of European mole cricket, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L.
(Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae), collected from the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Based on morphometrical and
molecular (ITS partial sequence) properties, it was identified as Oscheius myriophila. This species of dauer
juveniles resembled with Rhabditis myriophila (Poinar, 1986), however, it differs in having larger body
length (571.3 693.9) and distance from the head to the nerve ring (100 116.8), and smaller tail length
(53.4 76.8) and width at anus (10.4 13.8). This stage is the third-stage juvenile enclosed in a second-stage
cuticle that surrounds the nematode like a sheath. The sequences of the ITS region of rDNA confirmed this
identification. The species is recorded for the first time from Turkey and in G. gryllotalpa.
Key words: Oscheius myriophila, Gryllotalpagryllotalpa, Parasitic nematode
51
P-06
The isolation, characterization and pathogenicity of bacteria from Ephestia (Cadra)
cautella
İslam YILDIZ, Kazım SEZEN, Zihni DEMİRBAĞ
Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Trabzon.
[email protected]
Abstract
Almond moth, Ephestia cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the important insect pets of dried fruits
and other stored products. Almond moth that is polyphagous pest is widespread in all over the world and our
country. Larvae of almond moth cause a serious damage at tree, warehouse and threshing floor of drying fig.
Also it damages to many dried fruits that are chestnut, walnut, hazelnut, pistachio, peanut, almond, sesame
and sun flower. Although various cultural, chemical and biological methods are being used to control this
pest, its damage still continues effectively all over the world and our country. In order to find a significant
microbial control agent against this pest, first of all studies, we determined 13 bacterial isolates and identified
these isolates based on morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular characters. According to
these characters, the isolates that had been determined from Ephestia cautella, were identified as Serretia sp.
(Eca1, Eca3 and Eca11), Bacillus thuringiensis (Eca2, Eca4, Eca6, Eca7, Eca8, Eca9, Eca10, Eca12, Eca13),
Bacillus axarquensis (Eca5). The insecticidal activities of these isolates were performed against three insect
species that is belong to Lepidoptera group and cause serious damages in warehouses. The highest
insecticidal activity is 57 % for Eca9 isolate on the 3th instar larvae of Ephestia cautella, 100 % for Eca9
isolate on the 3th instar larvae of Plodia interpunctella and % 100 for Eca10 and Eca3 isolate on the 3th instar
larvae of Ephestia kuehniella. The result indicates that Eca9, Eca3 and Eca10 isolates may be valuable as
potential biological control agents for the control of warehouse pests.
Key words: Ephestia cautella, Bacillus thuringiensis, warehouse, microbial control
52
P-07
In vitro characterization of Chilo iridescent virus 012L encoded protein
Yeşim AKTÜRK DİZMANa,b, Cemal SANDALLIb, Zihni DEMİRBAĞa and
Remziye NALÇACIOĞLUa
a
Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi Biyoloji Bölümü, Trabzon
[email protected]
b
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Biyoloji Bölümü, Rize
Abstract
Chilo iridescent virus (CIV), also known as Invertebrate iridescent virus 6, belongs to the family Iridoviridae
and is the type species of the genus Iridovirus. The genome of CIV has been entirely sequenced and found as
212482 bp. Iridoviruses are large, cytoplasmic, icosahedral viruses with a linear double-stranded DNA
genome that is both circularly permuted and terminally redundant. CIV has a broad host spectrum and has, in
general, a limited mortality effect on its hosts. Up to now, there have been several studies about CIV
describing its structure and ecology. However information about the molecular aspects of CIV is not
enough. In this study, activity of Chilo iridescent virus 012L ORF, a potential exonuclease gene, was
functionally studied. Firstly, CIV 012L gene was cloned into the Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression-vector
system, expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells with N-terminal His tag. Expression of
recombinant protein was analysed by Western immunoblotting. The His-Tagged protein band was detected
on the membrane at approximately 72 kDa size as it is expected. It was detected in insoluble fractions of
infected cells at 96h post-infection. In order to determine whether the purified, His-tagged 012L protein had
nuclease activity, firstly standard endonuclease reaction was set up. The endonuclease activity of the enzyme
was tested by using a supercoiled plasmid substrate. The conversion of the supercoiled form to the nicked
and linear forms is an indicator of endonucleolytic activity of CIV 012L protein. Further analyses need to be
done in order to see if the 012L protein has exonuclease activity or not.
Key words: Chilo iridesent virüs, exonuclease, baculovirus expression system, endonuclease activity
Acknowledgment: This work was supported by Karadeniz Technical University, Scientific Research Fund
(Project No: 8627).
53
P-08
Entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae): Efficacy
against Leptinotarsa decemlineata L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Agelastica alni
L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Zeynep ERBAŞ, Zihni DEMIRBAĞ, İsmail DEMIR
Karadeniz Technical University,Faculty of Sciences,Department of Biology, Trabzon, Turkey.
[email protected]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis are excellent
candidates for biological control of insect pests. Attributes making the nematodes as ideal biological control
material include their broad host range, high virulence, safety for non-target organisms and high efficacy in
favorable habitat. The efficacy of three species of entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis
bacteriophora, Steinernema feltiae, and Steinernema websteri from the Black Sea Region, was tested against
adults and pre-pupae of the Leptinotarsa decemlineata, and Agelastica alni, which are serious insect pests of
potatoes and alder trees, respectively, in Turkey. Experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions
for both insect pests, and insect mortalities were checked daily over 7 days. Different concentration of
nematodes were used at 25 1 °C. After 7 days, S. websteri and S. feltiae provided 98% and 93% mortality,
respectively, against pre-pupae of the L. decemlineata, whereas H. bacteriophora resulted in 66% mortality.
S. websteri gave 78% and 99% mortality against adults and pre-pupae of the A. alni, respectively. On the
other hand, H. bacteriophora provided 47% and 35% mortality, respectively, against adults and pre-pupae of
the A. alni. The results suggest that S. websteri and S. feltiae have significant biological control potential
against pre-pupae of the L. decemlineata and A. alni.
Key words: Entomopatogenic nematodes, Biological control, Chrysomelidae
54
P-09
Screening of entomopathogenic fungi against the Grey corn weevil, Tanymecus
dilaticollis Gyll. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
İsmail DEMIRa, Mustafa GÜLLÜb, Emine SÖNMEZa, Seda KOCAÇEVIKa, Zihni DEMIRBAĞa
a
[email protected]
b
Biological Control Research Station Direction, Adana
Abstract
Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyll. (Grey corn weevil), is one of the most serious pests of maize in Eastern and
Central Europe, Asia Minor and Turkey. It is a polyphagous species and beside maize it can also cause
serious yield loss of sunflower and sugar beet. In this study, in order to find an effective biocontrol agent
against this pest, we determined the effectiveness of entomopathogenic fungi against T. dilaticollis.
Virulence of seven highly pathogenic strains including Beauveria bassiana (Gg-1, Mm-1, Dm-5),
Metarhizium anisopliae (Gg-12), Myriodontium keratinophilum (Gg-11) and Clonostachys sp. (Gg-3, Gg-5)
was evaluated on T. dilaticollis adults under laboratory conditions. Based on screening studies, M. anisopliae
Gg-12 had the highest mortality and mycosis (100%) within 15 days towards pest adults. Concentrationmortality response tests at 1x106, 1x107, 1x108 and 1x109 spore/mL-1 of of M. anisopliae Gg-12 resulted with
100% mortality and mycosis rates with all concentrations at the same conditions. Overall results show that M.
anisopliae Gg-12 isolate appears to be the most promising microbial control agent for biocontrol of T.
dilaticollis.
Key words: Tanymecus dilaticollis, Microbial control, Entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae
55
P-10
Highly Effective Bacterial Agents against Cimbex quadrimaculatus (Hymenoptera:
Cimbicidae): Isolation of Bacteria and Their Insecticidal Activities
İsmail DEMİRa, Filiz ÖZKAN ÇAKICIa, Halil BOLUb, İnanç ÖZGENc, Zeynep ERBAŞa,
Zihni DEMİRBAĞa
a
Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
[email protected]
b
DicleUniversity, Agricultural Faculty, Plant Protection Department, Diyarbakır, Turkey.
c
Fırat University, Baskil Vocational School, 23800, Baskil, Elazığ, Turkey.
Abstract
Cimbex quadrimaculatus (Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae) is one of the serious pests of almond in Turkey and
worldwide. Up to now, there is no effective biological control agent against this pest. In this study which is
performed to find an effective bacterium that can be used as biocontrol agent against C. quadrimaculatus in
the pest managements, we isolated seven bacteria from dead and alive C. quadrimaculatus larvae, and
evaluated larvicidal potency of all isolates on the pest. According to the morphological, physiological,
biochemical and molecular properties (partial sequence of 16S rRNA gene), isolates were identified as
Bacillus safensis (Cq1), Bacillus subtilis (Cq2), Bacillus tequilensis (Cq3), Enterobacter sp. (Cq4), Kurthia
qibsonii (Cq5), Staphylococcus sp. (Cq6) and Staphylococcus sciuri (Cq7). The results of larvicidal activities
of these isolates indicated that mortality value obtained from all treatments changed from 58% to 100%, and
reached 100% with B. safensis (Cq1) and B. subtilis (Cq2) on the 3rd instar larvae within 10 days after
application of 1.89 109 cfu/mL bacterial concentration at 25°C in the laboratory conditions. Finding from
this study indicates that this isolate appear to be a good candidate to be utilized as a promising biocontrol
agent for use against C. quadrimaculatus.
Key words: Cimbex quadrimaculatus, Culturable bacterial flora, Bacillus, Biocontrol
Acknowledgements: This study was supported by Dicle University, Scientific Research Projects Division,
(Project Number: DÜBAP-ZF-087).
56
P-11
Host related transactivation of serine / threonine protein kinase gene of Amsacta
moorei entomopoxvirus
a
Duygu BEKIRCAN, bHacer MURATOĞLU, aRemziye NALÇACIOĞLU, cBasil M. ARIF, aZihni
DEMIRBAĞ
a
Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
[email protected]
b
61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
c
Abstract
Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus (AMEV) contains a non-structural serine / threonine (Ser/Thr) protein
kinase gene (ORF AMV197). It is known that protein kinases play significant role in virus replication.
Understanding the transactivation of this gene is important for the understanding of virus replication.
Transactivation can be triggered by endogenous cellular or viral proteins, so-called transactivators. By
binding to the promoter region of a gene, a transcription factor causes that gene to be expressed. In this study,
we aimed to determine which factors regulate the trasactivation of AMV197
Total cytoplasmic proteins were extracted from mock infected and AMEV infected Ld652 cells. A 157 bp
probe was prepared from AMV197 promoter region, which started from translation start side to 154 bp
sequences upstream of ATG. The probe was labeled with digoxigenin. To detect the transactivator of
AMV197, South-Western hybridization was performed on cytoplasmic proteins. Five proteins bands were
detected in mock infected and AMEV infected protein samples. The results indicate that the five host
proteins are potential transactivators of AMV197. We conclude that the Ser/Thr protein kinase gene of
AMEV is likely to be transactivated by a host protein(s) and the protein kinase gene plays a role in virus host
range.
Key words: Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus, serine / threonine protein kinase, trans-activator proteins,
South-western hybridization
Turkey (Project No: 110T887) and Karadeniz Technical University, Scientific Research Fund (Project No:
8646).
57
P-12
Pathogenicity of Beauveria pseudobassiana from Dendroctonus micans Kugel.
(Coleoptera: Curcunlionidae) against Rhizophagus grandis Gyll. (Coleoptera:
Rhizophagidae)
Seda KOCAÇEVIKa, Ali SEVIMb, Zihni DEMIRBAĞa, Mahmut EROĞLUc, İsmail DEMIRa
a
[email protected]
b
Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Environmental Engineering, Kırşehir,
Turkey.
c
Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forestry Engineering, Trabzon, Turkey.
Abstract
The great spruce bark beetle, Dendroctonus micans (Kugel.), is the most destructive pest in Eurasian spruce
forests all over the world. Rhizophagus grandis (Gyll.) is the most important predator of this pest and is held
to be one of the principal agents that effectively controls D. micans. The aim of this study is to investigate the
effect of Beauveria pseudobassiana isolated from D. micans against R. grandis. A conidial suspension of B.
pseudobassiana caused 100% and 78% mortality on larvae and adults of R. grandis within 15 days under
laboratory conditions, respectively. However, it caused only 33% and 20% mycosis rates on larvae and
adults of the pest, respectively. We also determined horizontal transmission of this fungus between D. micans
and R. grandis. R. grandis adults (one male and one famele) fed with D. micans larvae were contaminated
with spore suspension of B. pseudobassiana, and the most effective transmission were recorded as 13% from
100% contamination after 15 days under the laboratory conditions. Mycosis rate of this mortality were also
determined only as 20%. Findings from our results indicate that R. grandis seems to be quite resistant to
B.pseudobassiana, this strain cannot spread horizontally from D. micans larvae to R. grandis adults.
Therefore, B. pseudobassiana is an important candidate to develope as biological control agent against D.
micans.
Key words: Dendroctonus micans, Rhizophagus grandis, Beauveria pseudobassiana, Entomopathogenic
fungi, Biological control
58
P-13
Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus encodes a functional protein kinase
a
Hacer MURATOĞLU, bRemziye NALÇACIOĞLU, cBasil M. ARIF, bZihni DEMIRBAĞ
a
61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
[email protected]
b
Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
c
Abstract
Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus (AMEV) belongs to Entomopoxvirinae, which is a subfamily of
Poxviridae. The virus is pathogenic to several insect pests. In addition, AMEV has a potential as a vector for
gene expression and gene therapy. In this work, bioinformatics and functional analysis of protein kinase
(ORF AMV197) of AMEV was performed. This gene locates on the AMEV genome between 169246170145 bp. Also it has protein kinase catalytic domain on aa 12-299 and an ATP binding domain at aa 18-26.
In addition, some of 11 conserved protein kinases subdomains were determined in AMV197.
AMV197 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and cloned into a baculovirus expression vector
system and the protein was purified by nickel columns. The purified protein was tested for its potential as a
protein kinase. Protein microarray was performed to determine substrate-enzyme interactions. Our results
showed 81 positive interactions among 617 tested substrates. Positive results include substrates belonging to
28 substrate families of protein kinases. The data show that the protein product of AMV197 is very likely to
have kinase activity for broad range of substrates and it phosphorylated proteins which have both
serine/threonine and tyrosine residues.
Key words: Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus (AMEV), protein kinases, AMV197, insect virus
Turkey (Project No: 110T887)
59
P-14
Determination of entomopathogenic bacteria species in Dermacentor marginatus and
Rhipicephalus annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae)
Adem KESKINa, Ahmet BURSALIa, Hüseyin TEPEb, Şaban TEKINc
a
Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science & Art, Department of Biology 60250 Tasliciftlik, Tokat
[email protected]
b
Abdullah Gül University, Lifelong Learning Center (HAYMER), 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri
c
Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science & Art, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics,
60250 Tasliciftlik, Tokat
Abstract
Ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropods that infest on various vertebrate hosts. They have medically
and economical importance due to their ability to circulate of various zoonotic pathogens between animals
and humans. The control of tick populations is very important for the prevention of tick-borne diseases. One
of the tick control strategies is to use entomopathogenic pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and nematodes.
Earlier studies reported the effectiveness of the several entomopathogens for the control of tick populations.
To date there is no study reporting the potential use of entomopathogenic organisms for the control of ticks in
Turkey. In this study, the presence of potential entomopathogenic bacteria in the tick bacteriom have been
tested using tick species, Dermacentor marginatus and Rhipicephalus annulatus. The genomic DNA samples
from D. marginatus (4) and R. annulatus (4) were used to determine the bacteriom of these ticks using
bacterial 16S tag-encoded FLX-titanium amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP). The results showed that the
entomopathogenic bacteria, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens were found in
D. marginatus ticks, whereas Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Alcaligenes faecalis were
present in R. annulatus. Therefore we suggest that some of these bacteria, A. faecalis, B. cereus, B. pumilus,
B. subtilis and P. fluorescens may be used as a biological control agent for the control of the tick species
tested.
Key words: Ticks, D. marginatus, R. annulatus, biological control, entomopathogenic bacteria.
60
P-15
Determination of entomopathogenic bacteria species in Hyalomma marginatum and
Hyalomma excavatum (Acari: Ixodidae)
Ahmet BURSALIa, Adem KESKINa, Hüseyin TEPEb, Şaban TEKINc
a
Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science & Art, Department of Biology 60250 Tasliciftlik, Tokat
[email protected]
b
Abdullah Gul University, Lifelong Learning Center (HAYMER), 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri
c
Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science & Art, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics,
60250 Tasliciftlik, Tokat
Abstract
Ticks, members of the phylum Arthropoda, are mandatory blood feeding ectoparasites. They play an
important role for circulation of many zoonotic pathogens due to parasitising on various vertebrate animals.
Thus, the population of ticks must be controlled to prevent transmission of tick-borne diseases. Several
entomopathogenic organisms such as bacteria, fungi and nematodes have been applied on to ticks to test their
potential for the tick control. However, to our knowledge, there are no studies on entomopatogenic control of
ticks in Turkey. In the present study, we examined two hyalomid tick species, Hyalomma marginatum and
Hyalomma excavatum for the presence of potential entomopathogenic bacteria. The DNA samples were
isolated from Hyalomma marginatum (4) and Hyalomma excavatum (4) ticks and tested for the presence of
entomopathogenic bacteria using bacterial 16S tag-encoded FLX-titanium amplicon pyrosequencing
(bTEFAP). According to our results, two entomopathogenic bacteria, Paenibacillus validus and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and only Paenibacillus validus were detected in H. marginatum and H. excavatum
ticks respectively. Consequently, this is the first study reporting the presence of P. validus and P. aeruginosa
in Hyalaomma species tested in Turkey. We suggest that these enotmopathogenic bacteria may have potential
for the control of the most prominent tick species, H. marginatum and H. excavatum, which transmit
dangerous pathogens to animals and humans.
Key words: Ticks, H. marginatum, H. excavatum, Tick control, entomopathogenic bacteria.
61
P-16
The effect of plant quality on survival of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera:
Lymantriidae) larvae infected by a nucleopolyhedrovirus
Sibel CAVDARa, Oguzhan YANARa, Elif Fatma TOPKARAa, İsmail DEMİRb
a
University of Ondokuz Mayis, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology 55139 Samsun, Turkey.
[email protected]
b
Karadeniz Technical University , Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Trabzon, Turkey.
Abstract
In this study the influence of plant secondary compounds on the survival rate of Lymantria dispar, infected
with Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdNPV), was investigated using four different plant species,
Quercus cerris, Hippophae rhamnoides, Corylus maxima and Crataegus monogyna.
The highest survival rate has been seen on the larvae which have fed on the H. rhammoides that had the
highest protein rate. On the other hand the highest mortality rate has been recorded on the larvae which have
fed on the C. monogyna that had the lowest protein rate. Maximum deaths of the larvae infected by each food
set have occurred second day. These deaths have observed in larvae that fed on plant, C. monogyna, with
lowest amount of protein.
We have discovered that survival rate have correlated with gallotanen amounts. The survival rate of the
infected larvae fed on H. rhammoides that have the highest gallotanen amount are higher than other diets.
Our results have showed that in the larvae which were treated with Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus
the survival rate positively correlated with proantosiyanidin (condensed tannin) and total phenolic content.
Key words: Lymantria dispar Nucleopolyhedrovirus, Secondary compounds, survival rate, mortality
62
P-17
Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from the soil samples in
Giresun Island
Türkmen AYAKSIZa, Hatice KATIa
a
Giresun University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Giresun
[email protected]
Abstract
Recently, biological control studies have became more important due to harmful effects of chemicals on
environment and resistances of the insects to these chemicals. The interest of Bacillus thuringiensis strains
producing insectisidal proteins as microbial insecticide has increased. Therefore, studies on the isolation of
new B. thuringiensis strains for using against the insect pests have became popular. In this study, five B.
thuringiensis strains isolated from the soil samples in Giresun Island have been identified as crystal
morphology, SDS-PAGE analysis, plasmid profile, cry gene content, fatty acid analysis and biochemical
tests. It was determined that B. thuringiensis strains has crystal bodies which is bipiramidal and unidentified
shape under light microscope. Besides, SDS-PAGE and plasmid analysis showed that the strains was quite
different from each other.
Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis, cry gene, crystal protein
Acknowledgement: We would like to thank the staff of Giresun Food Control Laboratory and Canan
TÜRKER (Department of Microbiology) for their helps for VITEK 2 analysis and Prof. Dr. Fikrettin ġahin
and Ahmet KATI (Department of Genetic and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University) for fatty acid analysis.
63
P-18
The effect of boric acid on production of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal
protein and bioactivity against Cadra cautella larvae
Burcu ŞAHİN, Mehlika ALPER, Bekir ÇÖL, Oktay DURSUN, Hatice GÜNEŞ
Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Mugla
[email protected]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis is a widely used biopesticide that has importance with its insecticidal crystal proteins
produced during sporulation. Isolation of new Bt strains and investigation of the factors that increase
insecticidal activity and level of crystal protein are important in order to overcome with insect resistance
developed against Bt preparations. In this study, the effects of boric acid on crystal protein production and
bioactivity were examined. For this purpose, Bt strains isolated from boron area and Bt isolates from fig area
with known toxic effects were used. First, 17 Bt isolates were obtained from 35 soil samples collected from
Balıkesir, Bandırma, Kütahya-Emet and Hisarcık. Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that all isolates
contained cry1 gene and 41% of them contained cry2 gene. However, none of the isolates contained cry3,
cry4 and cry9 gene. According to point boron tolerance analysis and growth curves, most of the isolates
could grow at 50 mM boric acid, but not at 100 mM boric acid concentration. When crystal protein profiles
were examined with SDS-PAGE analysis with using different concentrations of boric acid, it was shown that
Cry1 (130 kDa) and Cry2 (65 kDa) proteins were produced at all concentrations. While the highest crystal
protein expression was observed in the control group, addition of boric acid at different concentrations
resulted in a decrease in Cry protein level. Finally, bioactivity assays of the isolates against Cadra cautella
showed that the isolate KE63-64 caused 75% mortality, but the addition of 1% boric acid did not affect the
mortality.
Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis, boric acid, Cadra cautella, cry gene, Cry protein
64
P-19
Determination of bacteriom of some hard tick (Acari: Ixodidae) species using
molecular methods
Haktan CAGLAYANa, Saban TEKINb, Isa KARAMANc, Ahmet BURSALIa and Adem KESKINa
a
Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Department of Biology, Tokat
[email protected]
b
Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics,
Tokat
c
Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Tokat
Abstract
Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) are obligatory blood feding ectoparasites playing very important roles in
transmission of various pathogenic microorganisms to animals and humans. Tick-borne diseases cause
billions of dollars of economical losses in livestock industry and infections in humans resulting in fatalities.
Since 2002, deadly tick-borne Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) cases have been reported during
summer season in Kelkit Valley region of Turkey. Therefore, ticks and tick-borne diseases needed to be
controlled in the region. The chemical acaricide applications are the main tick control method used in
practice. One of the control strategy is to use entomopathogenic bacteria and fungi. Determination of tick
bacteriom is necessary for the detection of entomopathogenic bacteria present in ticks. In the present study,
bacteriom of two hard tick species collected from Tokat province is determined using standard
bacteriological culture methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We isolated 64 bacteria colonies and
20 bacteria species using 16S-rDNA based PCR in 17 Haemaphysalis parva and 1 Hyalomma marginatum
ticks. We suggested that some bacteria species determined in ticks may be used for the biological control of
hard ticks.
Key words: Hard ticks, Bacteriome, Biological Control, PCR
65
P-20
Susceptibility of the noxious social insects Blatta orientalis and Blattella germanica
cockroaches to infection by entomopathogenic nematodes
Nona MIKAIA
Sokhumi State University, Faculty Natural Sciences and Health Care. Tbilisi, Georgia
[email protected]
Abstract
The susceptibility of the cockroaches Blatta. orientalis and Blattella. germanica, to entomopathogenic
nematodes (EPN)and their reproduction in this hosts was investigated. Mortality of cockroach B.orientalis by
EPN nematodes after 24 h exposure to Steinernema carpocapsae was 38% and 25 % to Heterorhabditis
bacteriophora. Mortality of B. germanica by EPN after 24 h exposure to S.carpocapsae was 48% and 28 %
to H. bacteriophora. After 48 h exposure the mortality B.orientalis caused by S. carpocapsae achieved 58%,
that of H.bacteriophora 42%. Mortality of B. germanica by EPN after exposure to S.carpocapsae was 52%
that of H. bacteriophora 48%. Mortality of insects caused by S.carpocapsae after 72 h exposure was 79%
and 58% for H.bacteriophora. The reproductive potential of S.carpocapsae on the cockroach, B. orientalis,
on the first second and third day was 2000, 2500 and 3000. For H.bacteriophora it was 1500, 1800, and
2200, of S.carpocapsae on the cockroach, B. germanica , on the first second and third day was 2200, 2800
and 3200. For H.bacteriophora it was 1400, 1700, and 2000, of S.carpocapsae on the forth, fifth and sixth
day was much higher(3200, 3400 and 3600, accordingly) and for H.bacteriophora 2100, 2400, and 2500. On
the seventh day the reproductive potential for S.carpocapsae made 4300 more than H.bacteriophora (3800).
Key words: Steinernema carpocapsae, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Blatta. orientalis, Blattella.
germanica.
66
P-21
Role of sexuality in the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora on
heritability of effectiveness to hybrid strains
Tufan Can ULU, Yasemin KONGU and İsmail Alper SUSURLUK
Uludağ University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 16059 Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey,
[email protected]
Abstract
Effectiveness is one of the major criteria in commercial mass production and widespread application of
entomopathogenic nematodes. High effectivity provides successful, economic and environmentally safe
insect pest management. The aim of the study was improving effectiveness through hybridization and
determining sexuality effect on heritage of effectiveness to hybrid strains. Therefore, males and females of
six domestic Turkish strains of the species Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were mated each other on Woust
agar. Then, ten hybrid strains were obtained after the hybridization process. Effectivity studies were
conducted with the doses of 5, 10, 20, 50, 75 and 100 infective juveniles (IJ) per Galleria mellonella larva.
The results of the study showed that 7 over 10 strains have higher effectiveness than their parents. Moreover,
it was detected that the effectiveness of the hybrid strains was determined %57.1 from the female parent and
%42.9 from the male parent.
Key words: Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, effectiveness, heritability, sexuality
Acknowledgement: This study was financially supported by the TUBITAK (The Scientific and
Technological Research Council of Turkey), Project number: TOVAG 110O161.
67
P-22
Determination of Antibiotic Resistance of Some Pathogenic Fungi
Adem İMALIa, Zeynep BULŞANa, Birgül İLHANa, Ferudun KOÇERb
a
b
Kilis 7 Aralık University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 79000 Kilis.
Bülent Ecevit University, Institute of Science and Technology of the Department of Biology, Zonguldak.
[email protected]
Abstract
The increasing use of antibiotics in the world and in our country, causing a decrease in the effect of
antibiotics against microorganisms. In this study, the effect of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (30mcg),
clindamycin (2mcg), streptomycin (10mcg), methicillin (5mcg), imipenem (10mcg), vancomycin (5mcg)
antibiotics on of Acremonium kiliense, Alternaria alternata, Arachniotus ruber, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger,
A. parasiticus, A. versicolor, Cladosporium cladosporioides, C. cucumerinum, C. herbarum, Ulocladium
tuberculatum, were investigated using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion the method.
As a result of this study, 14 mm zone of inhibition, that C. cladosporioides against to amoxicillin/ clavulanic
acid has been observed. There was no effect of the antibiotics used against other fungi. The discovery of new
antibiotics and the use of these, especially in our country the necessity of implementing similar studies have
revealed.
Key words: Pathogenic fungi, antibiotic resistance, Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion the method.
68
P-23
Sancassania polyphyllae (Acari: Acaridae) is attracted to its phoretic host larva killed
by the entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae)
a
Mehmet KARAGÖZ, aİbrahim ÇAKMAK, bDerya ULUĞ, bSelçuk HAZIR
a
Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 09010 Aydin, Turkey
[email protected]
b
Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, 09010 Aydin, Turkey
Abstract
We assessed whether Sancassania polyphyllae (Acari: Acaridae) female mites showed a differential
preference when offered a choice between odors from various sources using a Y-tube olfactometer. Dissected
insect larval tissues, nematode-killed cadavers, living insects, infective juvenile nematodes and freeze-killed
larvae were used as odor sources. S. polyphyllae showed a significant preference for volatiles from dissected
tissues of uninfected Polyphylla fullo larvae, P. fullo larvae killed by S. glaseri, or freeze-killed larvae
compared to S. glaseri IJs or living P. fullo.
Key words: Sancassania polyphyllae, Biological control, Polyphylla fullo, entomopathogenic nematodes
69
P-24
Entomopathogenic Fungi Isolated From Wheat Fields in the Villages at
Kahramanmaraş City Center
Özlem GÜVENab, Cihat KOZb, İsmail KARACAa
a
Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Isparta
[email protected]
b
Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Biyoloji Bölümü, Kahramanmaraş
Abstract
For successful biological control strategies, it is important to find and use entomopathogenic fungi adapted to
natural conditions of each country. Isolation and characterization of entomopathogenic fungi from the wheat
fields in the villages located near KahramanmaraĢ city center were performed in this study. Insect associated
fungi in soil were isolated by baiting soil samples with larvae of Galleria mellonella. The common insect
pathogenic fungi, such as Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill, Paecilomyces sp., Aspergillus flavus (Linn),
Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. were detected in 2010 and 2011. Six fungus isolates belonging to the genus
Beauveria (Kapıçam 2010.C, Kapıçam 2010.E, Kürtül 2010.C, Kürtül 2010.E, Önsen 2010.A, Önsen
2010.B) and three fungus isolates belonging to genus Aspergillus (Aksu 2010.C, Kılavuzlu 2010.C, Kürtül
2010.B) were tested to 4th and 5th instar of G. mellonella larvae at the concentration of 1000 konidi/mm2.
The experiment was conducted three times at the temperature of 27± 2oC and 60±5% relative humidity.
Although Kapıçam 2010.C, Kapıçam 2010.E, Kürtül 2010.C, Kürtül 2010.E, Önsen 2010.A, and Önsen
2010.B isolates were caused 100% fungal infections. Fungal growth and sporulation occurred on the 60%,
45%, and 41%, of the larvae by Aksu 2010.C, Kılavuzlu 2010.C and Kürtül 2010.B isolates respectively. The
results of our experiments have indicated that the isolates belonging to the genus Beauveria have a high
pathogenicity on G. mellonella larvae. At the end of this study, entomopathogenic fungi were isolated from
agricultural areas and it gave opportunity to use against insect pest for future studies.
Key words: Beauveria bassiana, Isaria sp., Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium spp. and Fungi Isolation.
70
P-25
Survey On The Control Possibility Of Ephestiakuehniella Using Trichoderma
Atroviridae Under Laboratory Conditions
D. ZAFARIa, S. AZIMIYANb, H. MADADIc and F. Ghobadi ANVARd
a
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran,
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
[email protected]
c
d
b
Abstract
The pyralid Mediterranean moth Ephestia kuehniella (Lep.: Pyralidae) is a cosmopoliatan pest, particularly
attacks to stored grains, dried fruits, legumes and other stored food products. Different species of
Trichoderma are antagonists of many phytopathogenic fungi and have been considered as the most important
fungal agent in biological control. In this study, among fungi that were isolated from some coleopteran
beetles one was identified as T. atroviridae. In order to survey on the control of E. kuehniella by means of
this fungus, pathogenicity effects of different concentrations including (10 2-107) spores/ml against third instar
larvae was studied. The experiments were conducted under controlled conditions (25±1ºc, photoperiod of
16:8 (L:D) and 55±5% R.H.) with 7 treatments and 4 replications. In each replicate 15 third instar larvae
were immersed for 5 sec in 10ml of each conidial suspension. 24hours after treatment,mortality rate started to
record and continued every day for 10 days. The results showed that along with increasing concentration of
fungal suspension, larval mortality percentage increases.The lowest and highest mortality rate of larvae was
13% (102) and 67% (107) respectively. Pathogenic fungi LC50was estimated 0.109×106 spores/ml after 10
days. Based on the obtained results, T. atroviridaecan be used as an biocontrol agent against pests especially
stored pests such as pyralid Mediterranean moth.
Key words: Biological control, Entomopathogenic fungi, Stored pests, LC50
71
P-26
Taguchi’s method in reducing the experiment numbers of production optimizing of
Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus
H. ASSEMIa, M. REZAPANAHb and A. SAJJADIa
a
Tirtash Tobacco Research and Education Center (TTREC), Behshahr, Iran
[email protected]
b
Insect virology lab, Biocontrol Dep., Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, P.O. Box: 19395-1454,
Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
The Taguchi method is dealing with reducing the variation in a process through design of experiments. This
studies were carried out to optimize production of nucleopolyhedrovirus of tobacco budworm, Helicoverpa
armigera (Hübner), by treating larvae individually with four inoculum-doses of HaNPV isolates were
originally collected from infected H. armigera larvae from tobacco fields in north of Iran. The effect
evaluation of seven factors, including larval instar, NPV isolates, the harvesting time of HaNPV, various
artificial diets, different generations, time of storages on some yield characteristics of HaNPV needs lots of
experiments. The selected seven factors were considered at four levels by Taguchi method just via 32
experiments. The maximum virus yield, 9.5×109 OB/larva, was obtained when late 5th larvae were fed
individually with a dose of 5×104 OB/ml. A diet without Formaldehyde and Ascorbate virus has influenced
the greatest impact on performance optimization. When the diet containing Formaldehyde and Ascorbate is
used, 62.4% tobacco budworm larvae infect, but when the diet without Formaldehyde and Ascorbate is used
the viral infection reach 92%. The proposed method facilitated systematic mathematical approach with a few
well-defined experimental sets.
Key words: Taguchi method, nucleopolyhedrovirus, optimization, Helicoverpa armigera
72
P-27
An effective bacterial isolate for the microbial control of Lobesia botrana
(Lep.:Tortricidae)
Lida MOHAMMAD GHOLIZADa,b and Zihni DEMIRBAGb
a
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, UrmiaUniversity, Urmia, Iran
[email protected]
b
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
Abstract
Lobesia botrana (Lep.:Tortricidae, Den. and Schiff), the European grapevine moth, is one of the most
harmful insect pests of grape species in many countries. It damages grape from May to October during the
larval stage. Although, chemical pesticides have been used to control this harmful pest, it still continues
damaging all over the world, including Iran and Turkey. There is significant interest to develop an
environmentally friendly and more effective pesticide against this pest. Entomopathogenic bacteria have been
used against many noxious insect. In this study, we investigated bacterial flora of L.botrana collected from
different populations of the West Azerbaijan region of Iran in 2011. Eight different bacteria were isolated
from healthy, diseased and dead specimens based on the color of colony and morphology. According to
morphological, physiological and biochemical properties, and sequencing results of the 16S rRNA gene of
the isolates, the bacterial flora of L. botrana was determined as Enterococcus sp.(Lb4), Klebsiella sp. (Lb6),
Rhodococcus sp.(Lb13), Enterobacter sp. (Lb12, Lb14, Lb15, Lb17), and Serratia sp. (Lb21). In order to
find an effective bio control agent against this pest, we investigated the insecticidal effects of isolated
bacteria against L. botrana. Results obtained from bioassay tests showed that one of the isolates (Lb21,
Serratia sp.) had significant mortality (93%) on the larvae within 10 days of inoculation. These results
indicate that Serratia sp.is a significant candidate to develop an effective biological control agent against L.
botrana.
Key words: Lobesia botrana, biological control, entomopathogenic bacteria, Serratia sp.
73
P-28
A new entomopathogenic fungus: Myriodontium keratinophilum (Ascomycota:
Myriodontium) from Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L. (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae)
Emine SÖNMEZa, Ali SEVİMb, Zihni DEMİRBAĞa, İsmail DEMİRa
a
[email protected]
a
AhiEvran University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Environmental Engineering, Kırşehir,
Turkey.
Abstract
A fungal strain was isolated from cadaver of European mole cricket, (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L., Orthoptera:
Gryllotalpidae) which causes serious economic damage to farming fields and the forests, collected from the
Black Sea Region of Turkey. Based on morphological and molecular properties, it was identified as
Myriodontium keratinophilum (Samson & Polon., 1978). This fungus has been reported as agents of some
human diseases, or possibly of animals, which suggests their ability to evoke the infection process.
However, insect pathogenic propertiy of it has not been previously reported. In the present work, we report
the first record of M. keratinophilum as an entomopathogenic fungus of six pests, including Galleria
mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Agelastica alni L. (Copeoptera: Crysomelidae), Leptinotarsa
decemlineata Say. (Copeoptera: Crysomelidae), Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L. (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae),
Tanymecus dilatticollis Gyll., (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Agriotes lineatus L. (Coleoptera: Elateridae). In
bioassays, a conidial concentration of M. keratinophilum, caused mortalities of 100% for 3th instar G.
mellonelle larvae, 100% for 5th instar A. alni larvae, %90 for 1st instar L. decemlineata larvae, %53 for G.
gryllotalpa nymphs, 53% for T. dilatticollis adults, and 66% for 4th instar A. lineatus larvea under laboratory
conditions. These results suggest that M. keratinophilum seems to be a new entomopathogenic fungus and
can be utilized as a biological control agent against several soil born pests.
Key words: Myriodontium keratinophilum, Microbial control, Entomopathogenic fungi.
74
P-29
Genetic diversity of isolates of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus on tobacco
budworm using PCR-RFLP technique
Sajjadi S.A.a, Assemi H.a and Rezapanah M. R.b
a
Tirtash Tobacco Research and Education Center (TTREC), Behshahr, Iran
[email protected]
b
Insect virology lab, Biocontrol Dep., Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, P.O. Box: 19395 -1454,
Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Tobacco budworm (Helicoverpaarmigera) is the most serious tobacco pest throughout north of Iran and many
damages can be occurred annually. In this regard, nucleaopolyhedrvirus of important biological control
against budworm species and a number of other species. In order to sample from the infected larvae of the
province of MazandaranandGolestanwas collected. Seven top virus isolates (two isolates Lalym and Tirtash
Education Research Center of Mazandaran province, five isolates Taqhartapeh, QulitapehMinoodasht,
Tuskachal, Walsh Abad and Pichakmahaleh of Golestan province) were determined and counted. In vitro,30
larvae were placed on each of them. Once every 24 hours for 7 days, the numbers of dead larvae were
counted. Data analysis, LC50 isolates from different populations, the slope of the regression line and
compared the toxicity of tobacco bud worm larval stage was performed using POLO-PC software. To assess
the molecular characteristics of the isolates and the virus recovered from the larvae, First,the genomic DNA
from seven isolates were NPV virus and the PCR reactions were performed with primers specific for this
virus. The results showed that B isolates with the lowest LC50 and LT50 of OB/ ml 2111.170 and 5.545
days, compared to six isolates A, C, D, E, F and G isolates were identified as the most pathogenic. In this
regard, the results of PCR primers specific product also confirmed the virus genome. HindIII restriction
enzyme cut and four isolates differences between isolates showed.
Key words: Tobacco budworm, PCR-RFLP, POLO-PC, nucleaopolyhedrvirus
75
P-30
Entomopathogens & Environmental Sustainability
Aysel KEKİLLİOĞLU
Nevşehir University, Science & Arts Faculty, Biology Dept
[email protected]
Abstract
Today a variety of entomopathogens are used for the control of invertebrate pests in glasshouse and row
crops, orchards, ornamentals, range, turf and lawn, stored products, and forestry and for the abatement of pest
and vector insects of veterinary and medical importance. Control of pest insects with chemical pesticides has
generated several problems including insecticide resistance, outbreaks of secondary pests normally held in
check by natural enemies, safety risks for humans and domestic animals, contamination of ground water,
decrease in biodiversity, and other environmental concerns. These problems and sustainability of programs
based predominantly on conventional insecticides have stimulated increased interest in integrated pest
management. Sustainable agriculture in the 21st century will rely increasingly on alternative interventions for
pest management that are environmentally friendly and reduce the amount of human contact with chemical
pesticides. As a result, in this study, entomopathogens will be tried to be examined as its importance and
functions in terms of environmental sustainability.
Key words: Entomopathogens, Pests, Agriculture, Environment, Ecology, Sustainability, Management
76
P-31
The Effects of Entomopathogenic Fungus [Purpureocillium lilacinum TR1 (syn:
Paecilomyces lilacinus)] on the Black Cherry Aphid [Myzus cerasi Fabricus
(Hemiptera: Aphididae)] Adults
a
Ilker KEPENEKCI, aBurcu İNAL, aEmre EVLICE and aErçin OKSAL
a
Directorate of Plant Protection Central Research Institute, 06172 Ankara,
[email protected]
Abstract
Myzus cerasi as a cosmopolitan species chooses plants from such families as Cruciferae, Plantaginaceae,
Rosaceae, Rubiaceae and Scrophulariaceae as hosts. This pest species, which is widespread in our country,
causes curling and distortion of the leaves by establishing large colonies on growing shoots. Besides, they
cause the growth of black sooty fungus on account of the honeydew they secrete. It is known that this species
can transmit several viruses including Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Celery mosaic virus (CeMV) and
Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) in a non-persistent manner. In this study, it is searched the effects of
entomopathogenic fungus, [Purpureocillium lilacinum TR1 (syn: Paecilomyces lilacinus)] on the black
cherry aphid (BCA) adults in laboratory conditions. In the study in which two different applications are
made, plastic plates with 12 cells (each of 24 mm diameter and 20 mm depth) are used. In the first
application while a drying paper is put under each cell, in the second application each cell is filled with sterile
sand of 0, 2 gr. After three different densities of P. lilacinum spore suspension (106, 107 ve 108 cfu/ml) is
applied to each cell in each application with 0, 2 ml, plates are closed by putting into each cell one BCA and
they are taken into an incubator of three different temperature (15, 20, and 300 C). In the controls, sterile
water is given to the surface of the cells. After 48, 72, and 96 hours of application, deaths have occurred and
dead BCAs are taken to “White- Trap” mechanism and put into an incubator of 250 C. The highest effect
among the death rates of BCA is observed in 108 cfu/ml concentration of 300 C. No death is observed in the
BCAs used as control at the end of the experiment. In the applications made at the surface of the sand, deaths
are observed to occur in a shorter time. It will be appropriate that the results obtained from this first study
made in laboratory conditions are also to be tried in the field conditions for the control of M. cerasi. It is
hoped that the study will be helpful in the control strategies of this aphid species that will be put forward in a
future time. It is seen that after having obtained hopeful results from this study, making similar works on the
other aphid species are also necessary.
Key words: Entomopathogenic fungus, Purpureocillium lilacinum TR1, Black Cherry Aphid, Myzus cerasi
77
P-32
Identification of Entomopathogenic fungi, Purpureocillium lilacinum TR1 (syn:
Paecilomyces lilacinus) by classical (morphologic and morphometric properties) and
molecular methods
a
Ilker KEPENEKCI, aEmre EVLICE and aErçin OKSAL
a
Directorate of Plant Protection Central Research Institute, 06172 Ankara,
[email protected]
Abstract
One of the major pests of the vegetables is root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) (RKNs) which cause loss
of production by bringing knots in the roots. RKNs for vegetables are important and if necessary measures
are not taken in the vegetable areas contaminated with heavy RKNs, 80% loss of product can occur. RKNs
are generally seen in the greenhouse vegetable growing areas of the coastal regions. The scope of biological
control efforts in the world, especially the use of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) against RKNs have been
studied in recent years.
Studies on vegetable revealed that EPFs significantly reduced the number of RKNs. The use of
entomopathogenic fungi against root knot nematodas is extremely common and effective in the world.
Purpureocillium lilacinum was described more than a century ago and is a commonly occurring fungus in
soil. The Purpureocillium lilacinum (syn: Paecilomyces lilacinus) is the most widely tested fungus for the
control of root knot and cyst nematodes. The fungus has also been implicated in a number of human and
animal infections. In this study, TR1 isolate of P. lilacinum, which has been determined but not identified in
Turkey, was identified by classical (morphologic and morphometric properties) and molecular methods.
Although there is no record for fungal pathogens of root knot nematodes, fungi species that parasite plant
parasitic nematodes were determined before. Vegetative hyphae are hyaline, straight and 5-4.0 μm wide.
verticillate branches with whorls of 2 to 4 phialides. Phialides 8.4-13.5-1.9-3.1 μm, consisting of a swollen
basal part, about 1 μm wide. Conidia form in divergent chains, which sometimes become slightly roughened
to ellipsoidal, 2.1-3.4 x 2.0-2.2μm. Chlamydospores absent. DNA extraction was performed by using
DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Germany) and 123 bp patterns were obtained with species-spesific
primers. Colonies on PDA, attaining a diameter of 5-7 cm within 14 days at 25°C. Coloni colour which at
first white changed to violet by sporulating.
Key words: Entomopathogenic fungi, Purpureocillium lilacinum, biological control, identified
Acknowledgement: This work by supported TUBITAK (Project No: 111O784).
78
P-33
Determination of efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida:
Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) against a stored crop pest, Sitophilus oryzae
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Ramazan CANHILALa, Fatmanur BORAZANa, Sevim DOĞANa, Yunus Emre ÖZDEMIRa, Gizem
EŞGINa, Hüseyin AKSOYb
a
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Erciyes, Kayseri
[email protected]
b
Agromed Agricultural Products Co., Ltd., Adana
Abstract
Biological efficacy of nine endemic entomopathogenic nematodes (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora YHS-3-H,
H. bacteriophora KMP-2-H, H. bacteriophora PBS-1-H, H. bacteriophora FLH-3-H, H. bacteriophora ĠNC3-H, Steinernema feltiae KCS-4-S, S. feltiae OZV-5-S, S. carpocapsae 076-S, and S. bicornutum MGZ-4-S)
obtained in a survey conducted in Kayseri province has been compared on Sitophilus oryzae adults under
laboratory conditions. 200, 400 and 1000 infective juveniles (IJs)/adult doses of nematodes were used in
trials. Each dose was repeated four times in Petri dishes. Petri dishes containing ten S. oryzae adults and IJs
were placed in an incubator at 25°C and 75% relative humidity, and dead adults were recorded at the end of
4, 6 and 8th days. In the 200 IJ/adult dose, the highest mortality for H. bacteriophora PBS-1-H strain
(%79.35) and the lowest mortality for H. bacteriophora ĠNC-3-H strain (%34.03); in 400 IJ/adult dose, the
highest mortality for S. carpocapsae 076-S strain (%87.52) and the lowest mortality for H. bacteriophora
ĠNC-3-H strain (%41.81); in 1000 IJ/adult dose, the highest mortality for S. carpocapsae 076-S strain
(%89.50) and the lowest mortality for S. feltiae OZV-5-S strain (%38.89) were calculated at the last day
count. The lowest LC50 value was calculated for S. carpocapsae 076-S strain with 57.96 IJs/adult followed by
YHS-3-H with 73.03 IJs/adult. The highest LC50 value was 922.95 IJs/adult for S. feltiae OZV-5-S strain.
1000 IJs/adult and higher doses of S. carpocapsae 076-S, H. bacteriophora YHS-3-H, H. bacteriophora
PBS-1-H, H. bacteriophora KMP-2-H, and H. bacteriophora FLH-3-H isolates whose mortality rates were
higher and LC50 values were lower are needed to test under conditions similar to storage. Another technique
using pheromones to attract the pest to defined stations and killing it there with entomopathogenic nematodes
can be also tested.
Key words: Biological control, entomopathogenic nematodes, Sitophilus oryzae, Heterorhabditis,
Steinernema
79
P-34
Investigation of bioactivities of natural Bacillus thuringiensis isolates on Ephestia
kuehniella and Plodia interpunctella
Mehlika ALPERa, Hilal TUNCAb, Hatice GUNESa
a
Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Department of Biology, Mugla
[email protected]
b
Ankara University, Department of Plant Protection, Ankara
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is an entomopathogen soil bacterium that is capable of producing parasporal
crystal inclusions (δ-endotoxin) during sporulation phase. It has been known that these crystal inclusions
show highly specific insecticidal effect to the insects including different orders. For this reason, one of the
most important biopesticides used successfully in the control of insect is B. thuringiensis. Pests feeding on
cereal warehouse and crops produced from cereal in our country can give rise to loss of weight and seed of
these crops as well as a decrease on the quality of product due to its molting residue and feces. In this study,
natural B. thuringiensis isolates from environmental soil samples in Aydın province was investigated for their
bioactivities against second instar larvae of Ephestia kuehniella and Plodia interpunctella of warehouse
pests. cry gene profiles of Bt isolates obtained was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses.
Bioactivity of Bt isolates carring cry2 gene, known to be toxic against Diptera and/or Lepidoptera, on E.
kuehniella and on P. İnterpunctella was determined as % mortality according to Abbott‟s formula. Among Bt
isolates examined, it was found that the most effective 4 isolates caused 30%-50% mortality against E.
kuehniella; the most effective 2 isolates caused 50%-70% mortality against P. interpunctella. When
subgroups of cry2 gene of Bt isolates were studied by using specific primers, it was reported that the isolates
showed 2 different cry2 gene profiles containing either cry2Aa1, cry2Ab2 and cry2Ac together or only
cry2Aa1 gene alone. Cloning and sequencing of cry2 gene belonging to the most effective isolates 13MY and
42MY have been under investigations.
Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis, Ephestia kuehniella, Plodia interpunctella
Acknowledgment: This study was carried out as part of a grant 108T178 from Scientific and Technical
Research Counsil of Turkey, TÜBĠTAK
80
P-35
Transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis crops
Mehlika ALPERa
a
Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Department of Biology, Mugla
mehlika.kara @gmail.com
Abstract
An entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produce crystal inclusions showing specific
insecticidal effect and comprising one or more proteins called as δ-endotoxins (Cry and Cyt protein) during
sporulation stage. The commercial Bt products have lower efficacy when compared to chemical insecticides
and are inadequate in control of sucking and borer insects. It can be provided an effective way in control of
insect with the using crystal protein genes of Bt for establishment of transgenic plant. The first genetically
modified plants expressed Bt gene for insect resistance was tobacco and tomato plants. Subsequently,
different Bt genes have been inserted into properly several plant species such as maize, cotton, potato, rice,
canola and soybean. The first commercial transgenic Bt crop was transgenic Bt potato produced in 1995.
These transgenic plants expressed Cry3A protein was used to control of Leptinotarsa decemlineata in
particular. Although several Bt potato crops were improvement, marketing of Bt potato was withdrawn since
2001. Bt maize expressed Cry1Ab protein was first introduced in 1996 for controlling of Ostrinia nubilalis.
The first generation Cry proteins synthesized in maize plant were Cry1Ab and Cry9C. Later, Bt maize plants
introduced Cry3Bb1 protein gene have been used to control of Diabrotica species. Bt cotton expressed
Cry1Ac protein was first grown in 1996 for protection against Heliothis virescens, Helicoverpa zea and
Pectinophora gossypiella. Also Bt cotton plants transferred with Cry2Ab protein gene have been used for
controlling of pests. Transgenic plants carried hybrid Cry protein genes were created by advancing
technology. The total global field assigned for Bt crops are over 50 million hectares. As the studies related to
Bt increase, it can be contributed to environmental friendly insect control strategies.
Key words: Bacilllus thuringiensis, transgenic plant, Cry protein
81
P-36
The studies to increase the insecticidal effect of Cry toxins
Mehlika ALPERa
a
Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Depertmant of Biology, Mugla
[email protected]
Abstract
The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces insecticidal proteins called as Cry (crystal) toxin which
cause killing of some insects. Most of Cry toxins with three-domain are produced as protoxin. After Cry
toxin was ingested by susceptible larvae, these crystals dissolve in alkaline environment of gut lumen and
protoxins are cleaved by midgut proteases eventually activated toxins are occured. The activated toxins bind
to primary receptors in the midgut cells. In common mode of action of Cry toxins, after the this binding
heliks -1 of domain I of Cry toxins are removed. This cleavage stimulates oligomeric forms. After the
oligomers bind to secondary reseptors, conformational changes occur. The pores formation in the apical
membranes of midgut cells cause osmatic shock and the insect is dead. To improve effect of Cry toxin and to
overcome insect resistance can increase effect of Cry toxins with additional proteins or make modifications
in the Cry toxin gene. It has been known that addition of some proteaz inhibitörs and chitinase to Cry toxin
application increases activity of Cry toxins. Cyt (cytolitic) toxins produced by some Bt strains enhance
insecticidal activity of Cry toxins against Diptera in particular. When a cadherin fragment was fed to larvae
of Lepidoptera, it has been observed that the activity of Cry toxin increased. It was determined that a
mutation in helix -5 of domain I with site-directed mutagenesis caused a 3-fold toxic effect against larvae of
Manduca sexta. It was reported Cry1Ab hybrid toxin containing domain III of Cry1C showed 10-fold toxic
effect against Spodoptera exigua than parental Cry1C toxin. It was showed that deletion in the aminoterminal region including heliks -1 of Cry1A toxins was formed oligomer in the absence of cadherin
receptor. Molecular analyses related to insect resistance to Cry toxins and interaction with receptor molecules
can be extend of life of usage of Bt.
Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis, Cry protein
82
P-37
Determination of the presence of entomopathogenic fungi in the region of Kayseri
province and territory
M. Alper ALTINOKa, Adeviye AKPINARa and H. Handan ALTINOKa
a
Erciyes University, Seyrani Faculty of Agriculture Department of Plant Protection, Kayseri
[email protected]
Abstract
Samplings were carried out in the province of Kayseri-Turkey, during spring and summer seasons of 2012
for detection of entomopathogenic mycoflora in the soil environment. In Bünyan, Develi, Felahiye, Ġncesu,
Kocasinan, Melikgazi, Özvatan, PınarbaĢı, Sarız, Tomarza, Yahyalı and YeĢilhisar districts, 184 different
fields were sampled. Samples were taken from pastures (51%), agricultural fields (28%), orchards (17%) and
forests (4%). Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae were used as insect baits for the recovery
of entomopathogenic microorganisms and larval deaths were observed for samples representing 34 different
locations. Nineteen fungal isolates were obtained from bait insects. These isolates were incubated in sterile
Petri dishes containing PDA medium for seven days at 25°C, with 12 hours of illumination. Then, spore
suspensions from these Petri dishes with 108 spore concentration were re-inoculated to fourth and fifth larval
stages of Galleria contained in sterile Petri dishes. A total of 16 entomopathogenic fungi were re-isolated and
according to field records, 12 of them were recovered from soils sampled at spring and 4 of them sampled in
summer. In addition, the isolates from summer season originated only from agricultural fields. The most of
the entomopathogenic fungi isolations were from Yahyalı (6 isolates) and YeĢilhisar (5), which are followed
by Tomarza (2), Bünyan (1), Kocasinan (1) and Melikgazi (1) districts. The results indicated a higher
entomopathogenic fungi activity at southern districts of Kayseri.
Key words: Galleria mellonella, bait, entomopathogenic fungus, soil sampling
83
P-38
Ecological Diversity Of Entomopathogens
Aysel KEKİLLİOĞLU, Merve KÖKSAL
Nevşehir University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 50300, Nevşehir, Turkey
[email protected]
Abstract
One of the basic elements of biodiversity encompasses the scales of ecological differences from populations,
through habitats, to ecosystems, ecoregions, provinces, and on up to biomes and biogeographic realms. This
is an important dimension to biodiversity not readily captured by genetic or organismal diversity, and in
many ways is that which is most immediately apparent to us, giving the structure of the natural and seminatural world in which we live. Because of this; main goals of this study is to establish the species
composition, distribution and prevalence of entomopathogens (viruses, protozoans, microsporidia, fungi,
nematodes) of some important insect pests of natural ecosystems with the broad attempt in completing and
promoting some limited knowledge of biodiversity of insect pest pathogens and their potential in the
biological protection of different levels of natural sytems form cell to ecosphere.
Key words: Biodiversity, Ecodiversity, Entomo pathogens, Organisms, Ecosystems
84
P-39
Future Benefıts Of Insects Pathogens
Aysel KEKİLLİOĞLU
Nevşehir University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 50300, Nevşehir, Turkey
[email protected]
Abstract
Sustainable agriculture in the 21st century will rely increasingly on alternative interventions for pest
management that are environmentally friendly and reduce the amount of human contact with chemical
pesticides. Because; Control of pest insects with chemical pesticides has generated several problems
including insecticide resistance, outbreaks of secondary pests normally held in check by natural enemies,
safety risks for humans and domestic animals, contamination of ground water, decrease in biodiversity, and
other environmental concerns. As components of an integrated approach, entomopathogens can provide
significant and selective insect control. In the not too distant future we envision a broader appreciation for the
attributes of entomopathogens and expect to see synergistic combinations of microbial control agents with
other technologies that will enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of integrated control strategies.
Key words: Agriculture, Insects pathogens, Sustainability, Pest management, Benefits.
85
P-40
Protein-Protein Interactions Of The Structural Proteins Of Chilo Iridescent Virus
Emine ÖZŞAHİNa, Monique van OERSb, Remziye NALÇACIOĞLUa, Just VLAKb, Zihni
DEMİRBAĞa
a
Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey,
[email protected]
b
Wageningen University, Laboratory of Virology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The
Netherlands
Abstract
Iridoviruses has a wide range of host spectrum including invertebrate (especially insects), amphibians,
reptiles and fishes which have ecological and economic importance. Knowledge of the viral interactome,
particularly amongst structural virion proteins, has led to an emerging picture of the protein–protein
interactions important for viral assembly, infection and egress. 46 structural proteins of Chilo iridescent virus
(CIV) have been identified in previous studies. In this study we identify the interactions between structural
proteins of CIV by yeast two hybrid systems. The structural genes were cloned into bait and prey vectors.
Constructs were transfected into Saccharomyces cerevisiae AH109 strain. Minimal synthetic defined (SD)
media was used for identification of protein-protein interactions. We have identified 5 interactions (118L415R, 232R-142R, 337L-309L, 337L-117L, 337L-295L) between structural proteins. Also we find that 117L
interacts with at least 10 different proteins. After completing the interactom study, it is possible to understand
the protein structure, assembly and infection of virus.
Key words: Chilo iridescent virus, structural proteins, yeast-two-hybrid, protein-protein interaction
Acknowledgment: This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of
Turkey, TÜBĠTAK (Project No: 113Z020)
86
P-41
Virulance of some entomopathogen bacteria against Chrysomelidae,
Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata L.) and Alder leaf beetle
(Agelastica alni L.)
Ardahan ESKİ, Zihni DEMİRBAĞ, İsmail DEMİR
Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Trabzon, Turkey
[email protected]
Abstract
Beetles in the family Chrysomelidae are also commonly known as leaf beetles. Adult and larval leaf beetles
feed on all sorts of plant tissue. Many are economically important pests of agriculture, e.g. the Colorado
potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata L.) and the Alder leaf beetle, (Agelastica alni L.). While Colorado
potato beetle is a pre-eminent pest on solanaceous crops such as tomato, eggplant, the Alder leaf beetle is
among the most serious pests of hazelnut and alder trees. These pests globally cause damage during spring
and summer. Some control strategies which have been applied so far are still insufficient to prevent its
damage, and the various risk factors associated with the use of chemical insecticides such as development of
resistance, accumulation of pesticidal residues in food chain and environmental pollution have driven the
scientist to develop biotic alternative strategies to control of these pests. In the present study, in order to find
a more effective and safer biological control agent, previously isolated 5 Bacillus strains have been tested
against these common pests. The highest insecticidal effects on L. decemlineata larvae and adults were
obtained as 83% and 73%, respectively, with Xd3 isolate (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis from
Xyleborus dispar F., Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The highest insecticidal effects on A. alni larvae and adults
were obtained as 88% and 80%, respectively, with Mm2 isolate (Bacillus thuringiensis from Melolontha
melolontha L., Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Our results indicate that Mm2 and Xd3 isolates may be a valuable
agent for the biological control of these pests.
Key words: Chrysomelidae, Bacillus thuringiensis, Biological control
87
P-42
Metarhizium anisopliae: A promising fungal agent against Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L.
(Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae)
Emine SÖNMEZa, Ali SEVİMb, Zihni DEMİRBAĞa, İsmail DEMİRa
a
Karadeniz Technical University,Faculty of Sciences,Department of Biology, Trabzon, Turkey.
[email protected]
b
Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Environmental Engineering,
Kırşehir,Turkey.
Abstract
Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (European mole cricket), is one of the most destructive pests of agriculture and forest
all over the world. Control strategies are insufficient to prevent its damage. In this study, in order to find an
effective microbial control agent against G. gryllotalpa, 15 fungal strains were isolated from G. gryllotalpa
collected from Black Sea Region of Turkey. The isolates were characterized according to morphological and
molecular characteristics. Based on these characteristics, the isolates were identified as Beauveria bassiana
(Gg-1), Clonostachys sp. (Gg-2, Gg-3, Gg-4, Gg-5, Gg-6, Gg-8, Gg-9, Gg-13, Gg-15), Metarhizium
anisopliae (Gg-7, Gg-12, Gg-14) and Myriodontium keratinophilum (Gg-10, Gg-11). All fungal strains were
isolated for the first time from G. gryllotalpa. Also, M. keratinophilum is the first record of the isolation from
any insect. Based on screening studies, M. anisopliae Gg-12 had the highest mortality and mycosis within 15
days under laboratory conditions. Concentration-mortality response tests were also performed and 100%
mortality and mycosis rates were obtained from 108 and 109 ml-1 conidial concentration of M. anisopliae Gg12 within seven days. These results indicate that M. anisopliae Gg-12 has significant potential to be used for
microbial control of G. gryllotalpa.
Key words: Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Microbial control, Metarhizium anisopliae
88
P-43
Elaboration of integrated plant protection from the fall webworm in urban
environments
Tsisa CHKHUBIANISHVILI, Iatamze MALANIA, Manana KAKHADZE
NLE Agricultural University of Georgia, Kanchaveli Institute of Plant Protection
[email protected]
Abstract
Fall webworm (FWW), Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) is the harmful insect damaging
numerous plants in Western Georgia. To control of this main urban pest it is necessary the usage of
environmentally safe means. Therefore, to find effective and safe control means were investigated. The
chime of integrated protection of agricultural crops and green plantings from FWW was compiled with
application of bacterial – Dipel, Xentar, Lepidocide; fungal – BotanyGard Es, virus – Virin-ABB; nematode
– Steinernema feltia and biotechnical (Pheromone) means to control against pest. The biological efficacy
from 80% to 97% of different biological means testing in natural conditions has given. At first time for
Georgian conditions the sex pheromone traps (Russia) for the regulation of the FWW population dynamics
in urban plots were tested. The traps were hung in a 3-time replications and control without pheromone
capsules. Calculations were carried out simultaneously in the experimental and control traps, once a week,
the duration of experiment 28 days. As a result of observations of high effectiveness of pheromone - dose 3
was has detected, the adhesive ability of FWW moths reached - 52 individuals, this dose will be taken into
account for future use of pheromones in Western Georgia.
Key words: Hyphantria cunea, pest, biological control, pheromone.
Acknowledgements: This study was supported by Georgian National
GNSF/STO 8/8 – 509)
Scientific Foundation (Grant N
89
P-44
Role of Prodigiosin on the Acaricidal Activity of Entomopathogen Serratia
marcescens
Serkan ORTUCUa, Murat OZDALb, Nurcan ALBAYRAK ISKENDERc, Mehmet Nuri AYDOGANb
a
b
Atatürk University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Erzurum,Turkey
[email protected]
c
Abstract
Serratia marcescens is a cosmopolitan bacterium widely isolated from soil, water, plants and insects. This
bacterium is usually known as entomopathogenic. It has been suggested that the has pathogenic effect due to
its chitinase activity but the role of the pigment is not clear. The objective of this study, acaricidal activity of
the red pigment prodigiosin produced by S. marcescens was assessed. As a test organism, two-spotted spider
mite Tetranychus urticae Koch. (Acari: Tetranychidae) was reared on bean plants, and S. marcescens isolate
MO-1 was isolated from grasshopper in the previous study. For prodigiosin production, S. marcescens MO-1
grown in nutrient broth containing %1 (w/v) mannitol was centrifuged. The pigment from the cell pellet was
extracted with acetone/ethyl acetate and dried with sodium sulphate. The solvents were evaporated and the
purified sample showing a single peak absorbance at 535 nm. After, the pigment solution was prepared in the
water. Three different preparations, each supplied with 0.02% Tween 80, were tested. They were: 1x109
cell/ml suspension alone, the same suspension plus 0,1-5 mg prodigiosin/leaf disc and the pigment solution
alone. Distilled water containing 0.02% Tween 80 was used as control. As a result, when applied alone to T.
urticae, mortality percentages of 40% was recorded on the second day after the application at the 1 mg/leaf
disc concentration. For treated with S. marcescens suspension, mortality was 20%. The best results were
obtained when prodigiosin was combined with bacterial suspension (73.3%). These results show that
prodigiosin has plays a major role in pathogenicity.
Key words: Serratia marcescens, prodigiosin, Biological control
90
P-45
Functional analysis of Chilo Iridescent Virus zinc-binding
matrix metalloproteinase genes
Aydın YEŞİLYURTa, Hacer MURATOĞLUb, Zihni DEMİRBAĞa, Remziye NALÇACIOĞLUa
a
Karadeniz Technical University, Faculity of Science, Department of Biology, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
Karadeniz Technical University, Faculity of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 61080
Trabzon, Turkey
b
Abstract
Basement membranes that surround the tissues of lepidopterous larvae act as physical barrier to the
movement of viruses. Therefore, one of the potential approaches is using the enzymes that disrupt the
basement membrane proteins in biological control of agricultural pest insects. Matrix metalloproteinases are
zinc-dependent endopeptidases that have the combined capacity to degrade all the components of the
extracellular matrix. Chilo iridescent virus (CIV) genome encodes a 264 amino acid protein (ORF 165R) and
a 178 amino acid protein (ORF 136R) containing zinc-dependent matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) domains
with over 40% amino acid sequence identity to a large group of organisms including primarily variety of
Drosophila species and over %40 amino acid sequence identity with hypothetical metallopeptidases of other
viruses, respectively. The CIV-MMP homologs were cloned and recombinant AcMNPV bacmids that
express CIV-MMPs under the Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus polyhedrin promoter
were constructed. Recombinant bacmids were produced and transferred to Sf-9 cell line for high-level
expression of recombinant protein. Expressed proteins were purified from Sf-9 cells after 96 hour post
infection. Western blot analysises of the proteins resulted in a 34 kDa and 24 kDa protein band, respectively.
CIV-MMP protein activities were tested using Azocoll as substrat. EDTA was used for inhibiting enzymatic
activities. Results suggested that the CIV-165R gene homolog encode functional metalloproteinase which
can be utilized in biological control of lepidopteron pests.
Key words: Chilo iridescent virus, matrix metalloproteinase, azocoll, biological control
Acknowledgements: This study has been funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of
Turkey (Project No: 212T218).
91
P-46
Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against (Operopthera brumata & Erannis
defoliaria) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Field Conditions
a
Manana LORTKIPANIDZE, aOleg GORGADZE, bMedea BURJANADZE, aMadona KUCHAVA,
a
Mzia KOKHIA, aNana GRATIASHVILIA, aNino GABROSHVILI
a
Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
[email protected]; [email protected]
b
Agricultural University of Georgia, Vasil Gulisashvili forest Institute, Tbilisi, Georgia
Abstract
Nowadyas, plant protection from pests is an urgent problem in Georgia. Recently, widely distributed
deciduous forest polyphagous pest insects cause significant damage to woodlands and resort areas.
Effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) Steinernema carpocapsae and a local species
Steinernema thesami were used aginst harmful pest Winter moth – Operopthera brumata & Umber moth –
Erannis defoliaria in micro field experiment during May –June, 2012.
Cultivation of entomopathogenic nematodes S. carpocapsae and S. thesami was carried out in vivo feeding
media - Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor. Nematodes suspension with the concentration 700-1000
nem/ml was applied for the control of pest insects in field conditions under the temperature of 19-24°C and
humidity of 85-89%. The trees were treated with OBX-14 unit in the evening hours of the cloudy weather.
Insect mortality was recorded on the 7th day.
As a result of using entomopathogenic nematodes suspension of S. carpocapsae with concentration 700-1000
nem/ml, the mortality of the Operopthera brumata & Erannis defoliaria was 60.8-65%, when in increasing
the suspension to 1000 nem/ml, the mortality reached 75.5-74%. In using S. thesami nematode titre of 700
nem/ml suspension against pest insects, the recorded mortality made 60.5-64.5% and in increasing the
concentration to 1000 nem/ml the mortality respectively increased to 71.5-74%.
Based on the results, it can be concluded that in increasing the nematode concentration, the mortality of the
insects increases to 15%. During dissection of the insects their body cavity and fatty tissue appeared to be
infested with grown-up infective juveniles (IJ) of entomopathogenic nematodes
Key words: Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema thesami, Operopthera brumat, Erannis defoliaria,
Biological control
Acknowledgements: This study was supported by the Ilia State University internal Research project (2012).
92
P-47
Study of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Susceptibility to Coccidaes
Mariam CHUBINISHVILI, Rusudan SKHIRTLADZE, Irina RIJAMADZE
NLE Agricultural University of Georgia, Kanchaveli Institute of Plant Protection
[email protected]
Abstract
Pest insects – Coccids (Hemiptera: Coccidae) are widely distributed in Georgia. They damage the
agricultural crops and ornamental plants. The relationship of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN),
Steinernema feltiae (introduced from Israel) to Coccids: the soft scale - Coccus hesperidum, the vine scaleNeophulvinaria innumerabilis and the fern scale -Pinnaspis aspidistrae has studied. S. feltiae in vivo
cultivation was conducted on the wax moth larvae, Galleria mellonella at 21–230C temperature in laboratory.
The experienced coccids were invasive with nematode suspension concentration 1500 infective juveniles IJ/ml, three replication. The coccids mortality calculation was conducted during the every 12, 72 hr with
Abbot formula. The invasive coccids mortality after 12 hr was: P. aspidistrae - 5%, C. hesperidum - 10%,
N.innumerabilis - 14%; after 48 hr larvae mortality was achieved: P. aspidistrae - 40%, C. hesperidum 50%, N.innumerabilis - 40%, but 72 hr mortality was equal _ P. aspidistrae - 70% , C. hesperidum - 85 %,
N.innumerabilis - 65%. The pathological material microscopic (light, invert, stereoscopic) investigations
show the presence of IJs in the body of each coccids species. As the results of experiments there is the
perspective for biological agent S.feltia using to control the coccids in closed and upon ground farms.
Key words: Coccids, EPN, Biological control.
Acknowledgements: This study was supported by Georgian National Scientific Foundation (Grant N
sGNSF/STCU 5051).
93
P-48
Determination of the efficacy of the Bacillus thuringiensis and Neemazal
Using in Microbial and Organic control on Pristiphora abietina (Christ)
(Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
Nurcan ALBAYRAK ISKENDERa, Yaşar AKSUb, Berna ÇELIK GOKTURK b,
Cihangir DEDEAĞAOĞLUb
a
[email protected]
b
Abstract
In this study, the effect rates of Bacillus thuringiensis and Neemazal were investigated for the microbial
control of Pristiphora abietina damaging in the spruce (Picea orientalis) forests. Bacterial and organical
preparats were used in the laboratory trials. For this purpose, second-third instar larvae of P.abietina and
fresh spruce twigs were collected from spruce forests of Artvin and brought to the laboratory for use in
applications. Mixture, which was prepared by adding 1 cc to 1 liter water from B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki
being 16.000 bacterial in mg, was sprayed to fresh Picea twigs, which were later dried and put in the plastic
box with larvae. Another experiment Neemezal prepared by adding 1 cc to 1 liter water was sprayed to fresh
Picea twigs, which were later dried and put in the plastic box with larvae. In both trials, mortality was
recorded for a period of 7 days. Effective rates of B. thuringiensis and Neemazal were 82.7%, 77.3% on the
P. abietina larvae, respectively. In conclusion, B. thuringiensis were found to be more effective in the control
of P. abietina than Neemazal.
Key words: Pristiphora abietina, Pest, Bacillus thuringiensis, Neemazal
94
P-49
A Study on Bacterial Flora of Spruce Spider Mite Oligonychus ununguis (Jacobi)
(Acari: Tetranychidae)
Nurcan ALBAYRAK ISKENDERa, Yaşar AKSUb
a
[email protected]
b
Abstract
Spruce Spider Mite (Oligonychus ununguis) distributed in 1.000 hectare land of Artvin spruce forests and
makes damaged along with Pristiphora abietina. In this study, bacterial flora of the pest were investigated for
the first time and six bacteria were isolated. The morphological and biochemical characteristics of bacterial
isolates were determined. Isolates were identified depending on the data 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as
Bacillus cereus (Ou2,Ou9), Staphylococcus chromogenes (Ou3), Pseudomonas oleovarans (Ou4),
Streptomyces fimbriatus (Ou6) and Paenibacillus apiarius (Ou7). Further research will be directed to
determine the pathogenicity of these bacterial isolates against O. ununguis.
Key words: Oligonychus ununguis, pest, bacterial flora
95
P-50
Pathogenicity on The Pest of Bacteria Isolated from Pristiphora abietina (Christ)
(Hymenoptera : Tenthredinidae)
Nurcan ALBAYRAK ISKENDERa, Serkan ORTUCUb, Ayşegül SARALa, Yaşar AKSUc
a
[email protected]
b
c
Abstract
This study was made to determine pathogenicity on the pest of the bacteria isolated in the previous study than
Pristiphora abietina. Larvae of P.abietina were collected from spruce forests of Artvin and brought to the
laboratory for use in applications. All these bacteria isolated were tested against P.abietina larvae. According
to the data obtained, it was found that Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Pa3) caused the highest insecticidal
effect with 65.47%. Insecticidal effects of the other isolates were determined as %56,55 Bacillus pumilus
(Pa1), %60,71 Bacillus fusiformis (Pa2, Pa10), %30,36 Acinetobacter johnsonii (Pa4,Pa9), %43,45 Bacillus
cereus (Pa5), %22,02 Rhodococcus rhodochrous (Pa6), %39,28 Staphylococcus sciuri (Pa7), %25,59
Ralstonia pickettii (Pa8), %17,26 Neisseria perflava (Pa11).
Key words: Pristiphora abietina, Pest, Biological control
96
P-51
Assessment of Beauveria bassiana Strains Isolated From Various Insects to Control
Dendroctonus micans (Kugel.) Larvae
Nurcan ALBAYRAK ISKENDERa, Serkan ORTUCUb, Engin KILIÇc, Yaşar AKSUd
a
[email protected]
b
c
Erzincan University,Üzümlü Vocational School,Erzincan,Turkey
d
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana against Dendroctonus
micans (Kugel.) larvae under the laboratory conditions. The entomopathogenic fungi PaF04, PaF09 and
PaF76 were isolated from little spruce sawfly larvae in the previous study; YB1 was isolated from aphids and
ATA076 was isolated from two spotted spider mite. Applications were performed by immersing the larvae in
the conidial suspension (109 conidia/ml) for 30 s. Controls consisted of larvae immersed in distilled water
plus Tween 80. D. micans larvae were transferred to plastic containers and were incubated at 65±5% relative
humidity (RH) with a 12:12 h photoperiod at 26±2 oC. Mortality was recorded daily for a period of 5 days.
Dead larvae were transferred to Petri dishes lined with moist filter paper for 10 days to observe mycosis.
Mortality caused by fungi was confirmed by microscopic examination of spores on the surface of the larvae.
As a result, all fungal isolates tested were highly pathogenic to the D. micans larvae. Mortality caused by B.
bassiana was not significantly (p<0.05) different between the isolates on the fifth day after application. But,
PaF09 and YB1 isolates were came to the fore to having the high mortality rate and shortest LT 50 values.
Therefore, these two strains selected by have wide host rate and shortest LT 50 values. These results show that
PaF09 and YB1 isolates could be an effective tool in the biological control of D. micans larvae.
Key words: Dendroctonus micans, Beauveria bassiana, Biological control
97
INDEX OF AUTHORS
A
F
A. SAJJADI................................................ 72, 75
Adem İMALI ................................................... 68
Adem KESKIN .............................. 31, 60, 61, 65
Adeviye AKPINAR .......................................... 83
Adnan TÜLEK ................................................ 44
Ahmet BURSALI ................................. 60, 61, 65
Ahmet KATI .................................................... 43
Ali Özhan AYTEKİN ...................................... 43
Ali SEVİM ...................................... 34, 58, 74, 88
Anastasiya LUKINA ....................................... 40
Andreas LINDE ............................................... 39
Ardahan ESKİ ........................................... 38, 87
Aydın YEŞİLYURT ........................................ 91
Aysel KEKİLLİOĞLU ........................ 76, 84, 85
Ayşegül SARAL ......................................... 37, 96
F. Ghobadi ANVAR ........................................ 71
Fatma Gül ÖZÇELİK ..................................... 50
Fatmanur BORAZAN..................................... 79
Fedai ERLER .................................................. 45
Ferudun KOÇER ............................................ 68
Fikrettin ŞAHİN .........................................22, 43
Filiz ÖZKAN ÇAKICI ...............................38, 56
B
Baltasar ESCRICHE ....................................... 23
Basil M. ARIF ................................ 18, 32, 57, 59
Bekir ÇÖL ........................................................ 64
Berna ÇELİK GÖKTÜRK ....................... 49, 94
Birgül İLHAN .................................................. 68
Burcu AÇILOĞLU .................................... 42, 45
Burcu İNAL ..................................................... 77
Burcu ŞAHİN ................................................... 64
C
Cemal SANDALLI .......................................... 53
Cihangir DEDEAĞAOĞLU ..................... 49, 94
Cihat KOZ ....................................................... 70
D
D. ZAFARI ....................................................... 71
Daniela PILARSKA ........................................ 39
David THEILMANN ....................................... 41
Derya ULUĞ .................................................... 69
Duygu BEKİRCAN ................................... 18, 57
Dwayne D. HEGEDUS .................................... 41
E
Edwin E. LEWIS ............................................. 25
Elif Fatma TOPKARA .................................... 62
Emine ÖZŞAHİN ............................................ 86
Emine SÖNMEZ.................................. 55, 74, 88
Emre EVLICE ..................................... 44, 77, 78
Engin KILIÇ .................................................... 97
Erçin OKSAL ............................................ 77, 78
G
Gizem EŞGIN .................................................. 79
Gürsel KARACA ............................................. 42
H
H. Handan ALTINOK .................................... 83
H. MADADI ..................................................... 71
H. ASSEMI .................................................72, 75
Hacer MURATOĞLU....................18, 57, 59, 91
Haktan CAGLAYAN ...................................... 65
Halil BOLU ...................................................... 56
Hatice ACARBULUT ..................................... 42
Hatice GÜNEŞ ............................................64, 80
Hatice KATI .................................................... 63
Hilal TUNCA ................................................... 80
Huseyin ÇETİN ............................................... 22
Hüseyin AKSOY .............................................. 79
Hüseyin TEPE ......................................47, 60, 61
I
Iatamze MALANIA......................................... 89
İlker KEPENEKÇİ ..............................44, 77, 78
Irina RIJAMADZE ......................................... 93
Isa KARAMAN ............................................... 65
Itamar GLAZER ............................................. 26
İ
İbrahim ÇAKMAK ......................................... 69
İkbal Agah İNCE............................................. 43
İnanç ÖZGEN.................................................. 56
İslam YILDIZ .............................................47, 52
İsmail Alper SUSURLUK ............................... 67
İsmail DEMİR . …..34, 38, 47, 51, 54, 55, 56, 58,
62, 74, 87, 88
İsmail KARACA .........................................42, 70
J
Johannes A. JEHLE ........................................ 20
Jørgen EILENBERG ...................................... 28
Juan FERRÉ .................................................... 23
Just VLAK ....................................................... 86
98
K
Karthik R. RAMALINGAM .......................... 24
Kazım SEZEN...................................... 47, 48, 52
Kuralay MAZARZHANOVA ........................ 40
L
Lida MOHAMMAD GHOLIZAD ................. 73
M
Ömer Naci KAYA ........................................... 33
Özgür ATEŞ .................................................... 45
Özlem GÜVEN ...........................................50, 70
R
Ramazan CANHILAL .................................... 79
Remziye NALÇACIOĞLU .....18, 47, 53, 57, 59,
86, 91
Rusudan SKHIRTLADZE ............................. 93
M. Alper ALTINOK ........................................ 83
M. Muge YAZICI ............................................ 22
Madoka NAKAI .............................................. 35
Madona KUCHAVA ....................................... 92
Mahmut EROĞLU .................................... 34, 58
Maissa CHAKROUN ...................................... 23
Manana KAKHADZE..................................... 89
Manana KERESELIDZE ............................... 39
Manana LORTKIPANIDZE .......................... 92
Mariam CHUBINISHVILI ............................. 93
Martin A. ERLANDSON ................................ 41
Medea BURJANADZE ............................. 30, 92
Mehlika ALPER ............................ 64, 80, 81, 82
Mehmet KARAGÖZ ....................................... 69
Mehmet Nuri AYDOGAN .............................. 90
Meriç DEMELİ................................................ 48
Merve KÖKSAL ............................................ 184
Mohammadreza REZAPANAH ......... 21, 72, 75
Monique van OERS ......................................... 86
Murat OZDAL ........................................... 36, 90
Mustafa GÜLLÜ........................................ 38, 55
Mzia KOKHIA ................................................ 92
S
N
Y
Nana GRATIASHVILIA ................................ 92
Nino GABROSHVILI ..................................... 92
Nona MIKAIA ................................................. 66
Nurcan ALBAYRAK ISKENDER .... 36, 37, 90,
94, 95, 96, 97
Núria BANYULS ............................................. 23
Nursagım AŞIKBAEV .................................... 40
Nurzhan MUKHAMADIYEV ........................ 40
Yasemin KONGU ............................................ 67
Yaşar AKSU ................. 33, 37, 49, 94, 95, 96, 97
Yeşim AKTÜRK DİZMAN ............................ 53
Yolanda BEL ................................................... 23
Yunus Emre ÖZDEMIR ................................. 79
Yusuf KAYA .................................................... 22
O
Oguzhan YANAR ............................................ 62
Oktay DURSUN ............................................... 64
Oleg GORGADZE ........................................... 92
S. AZIMIYAN ................................................. 71
Seda KOCAÇEVİK..............................34, 55, 58
Selçuk HAZIR ......................................24, 44, 69
Serkan ORTUCU ..................... 36, 37, 90, 96, 97
Sevim DOĞAN ................................................ 79
Sibel CAVDAR ................................................ 62
Slavimira DRAGANOVA ............................... 39
Srini PERERA ................................................. 18
Ş
Şaban TEKİN .................................31, 60, 61, 65
T
Tariq M. BUTT ............................................... 27
Temel GÖKTÜRK .......................................... 33
Tsisa CHKHUBIANISHVILI ........................ 89
Tufan Can ULU ............................................... 67
Türkmen AYAKSIZ ....................................... 63
U
Umut TOPRAK ............................................... 41
Z
Zeynep BULŞAN ............................................. 68
Zeynep ERBAŞ .....................................51, 54, 56
Zhihong HU ..................................................... 29
Zihni DEMİRBAĞ . 18, 34, 38, 47, 48, 51, 52, 53
54, 55 , 56, 57, 58, 59, 73, 74, 86, 87, 88, 91
Ö
Ömer Faruk ALGUR ................................ 19, 36
99
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101

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