PROVENANCE TRĐALS IN TURKEY Forest area of Turkey is 21.18

PROVENANCE TRĐALS IN TURKEY
Forest area of Turkey is 21.18 million hectare, which consists of 26 % of total size of the country. The
44 %, 8.9 million hectare is productive forest and the rest, 56% 11.3 million hectare is unproductive.
Unproductive forest area needs to be forested in order to turn into productive forest. However, certain
provenances should be used in forestation works. Therefore, which provenance may be used in
regional afforestation should be determined, particularly in Turkey, which climatic and soil conditions
show great changes from one to another (Simsek et al., 1995). The selection of seed resources is the
main factor influencing the productivity of forestation (Urgenc, S., 1982). One of the major objectives
of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and its affiliates is to conserve forest tree species and
genetic biodiversity.
Provenance trials are important particularly at the initial stage of a tree improvement of program. They
provide information about the genetic architecture of the species that is utilized for gene conservation
programs, and for maximizing gain for a given area (Isık et al., 2002)
There are lots of provenance trail in Turkey.
The Turkish Forest Research Institutes are carrying out 6 provenances trials.
The main aim of these studies is to determine the best performing provenances for forestations, each
geographic zone in Turkey.
1-Turkish Red Pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) Provenance Trial
The Turkish Forest Research Institute established it in 1988 on 26 test sites (one of the test side was
established in Cyprus). 50 provenances were tested (47 provenances originating from Turkey, 3
provenances from northern Cyprus) below Table 1. Most provenances included in the experiment
were phenotypically superior stands and had been designated as seed stands for operational planting
programs for a particular region. For each provenance, about 30 trees were sampled, cones were
bulked and sun dried to extract seeds. One-year old were transplanted to 26 sites in the late autumn of
1988 and in the winter of 1989. The experiments were laid out in the fields as to ‘‘Randomized
Complete Blocks Method’’ with 3 replications. 16 seedlings in square in each block initially
represented each provenance. Spacing was 1.5 m between in a row and 3 m between the rows.
Data were collected from the experimental sites in 1999 when the trees were 10 years old in the field.
Survival was assessed s the proportion of surviving trees in each plot. Total height (cm) and diameter
at breast height (mm) were measured and the volume was estimated to the nearest dm³.
The coordinator institute of (Pinus brutia Ten) provenance trial is Southwest Anatolia Forest Research
Directory (Antalya).
Southwest Anatolia Forest Research Directory were published the 5 and 10 years old results:
The five-year results of the experiment as a technical report (Cengiz et al., 1999)
Results of provenance study at age 10 on Pinus brutia: Provenance-site interactions and defining
breeding zones (Isık et al., 2002).
IŞIK, K., TOPAK, M. ve KESKĐN, A. C., 1987: Kızılçamda (Pinus brutia Ten.) Orijin Denemeleri.
O. G. M. Orman Ağaçları ve Islah Araştırma Müdürlüğü Yayın No: 3, Ankara
CENGĐZ, Y., IŞIK, F., KESKĐN, S., GENÇ, A., DOĞAN, B., TOSUN, S., ÖZPAY, Z., AKSOY,
C., ÖRTEL, E., GÜRGEN, D., DAĞDAŞ, S., UGURLU, S., 1999: Kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.)
Orijin Denemeleri. Teknik Bülten No: 11, Antalya.
IŞIK, F., KESKĐN, S., CENGĐZ, Y., GENÇ, A., DOĞAN, B., ÖZPAY, Z., TOSUN, S.,
UĞURLU, ÖRTEL, E., DAĞDAŞ, S., KARATAY, H., 2002: Kızılçam Orijin denemelerinin 10
yıllık Sonuçları (Orijin-Çevre Etkileşimi ve Tohum Transferi Üzerine Etkisi),.Batı Akdeniz
Ormancılık Araştırma Müdürlüğü yayın No: 016, Orman Bakanlığı yayın No: 158, teknik Bülten No:
14, Antalya, 155 s.
IŞIK, F., KESKĐN, S., MCKEAND, S.E., 2000: Provenance Variation and Provenance-Site
Interaction in Pinus brutia TEN: Consequences of Defining Breeding Zones, Silvae Genetica 49, Heft
4-5, 2000, 169-232 pp.
2-Anatolian Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold subsp. Pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe)
Provenance trial
The Turkish Forest Research Institute established it in 1984 on 24 test sites. 36 provenances were
tested (all the origin were from Turkey) below Table 2.
The experiments were laid out in the fields as to ‘‘Randomized Complete Blocks Method’’ with 3
replications. 16 seedlings in square in each block initially represented each provenance. Spacing was 2
m between in a row and 2 m between the rows. 12 test sites are under control.
The coordinator institute of (Pinus nigra Arnold) provenance trial is Western Black Sea Forest
Research Directory (Bolu)
Turkish forestry Research Institute were published the nine year results as a technical reports:
The first results of Anatolian Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold subsp. Pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe)
Provenance trials in Turkey (Simsek et al., 1995).
ŞĐMŞEK, Y., ERKULOĞLU, Ö., TOSUN, S., 1995: Türkiye’de Karaçam (Pinus nigra Arnold ssp.
pallasiana Lamb.Holmboe) Orijin Denemeleri Đlk sonuçları, Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü
yayınları, Teknik Bülten No: 247, Ankara, 63 s.
3-Taurus Cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich) Provenance Trial
The Turkish Forest Research Institute established it in 1989-1990 on 16 test sites. 35 provenances
were tested (all the origin were from Turkey) below Table 3. 14 test sites are under control.
The experiments were laid out in the fields as to ‘‘Randomized Complete Blocks Method’’ with 3
replications. 16 seedlings in square in each block initially represented each provenance. Spacing was
1.5 m between in a row and 3 m between the rows.
The coordinator institute of (Cedrus libani A. Rich) provenance trial is Central Anatolia Forest
Research Institute (Ankara).
Central Anatolia Forest Research Institute were published the 5 years old results:
The five-year results of the experiment were published as a technical report. The ten-year results are
analyzed, but not published. The first results of Taurus Cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) Provenance
trials in Turkey (Dagdas et al., 1997).
DAĞDAŞ, S., GENÇ, A., DOĞAN, B., CENGĐZ, Y., KESKĐN, S., ÖRTEL, E. ve UĞURLU, S.,
1997: Türkiye’de Sedir (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) Orijin Denemelerinin Đlk Sonuçları. Đç Anadolu
Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, Teknik Bülten Serisi, No: 271, 128 s.
4-Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestis L.) Provenance Trial
The Turkish Forest Research Institute established it in 1989-1990 on 22 test sites. 35 provenances
were tested (33 provenances originating from Turkey, 2 provenances from Netherlands (Ommen and
Epe provenances) below Table 4. Most provenances included in the experiment were phenotypically
superior stands and had been designated as seed stands for operational planting programs for a
particular region. For each provenance, about 25-30 trees were sampled, cones were bulked and sun
dried to extract seeds. Two-year old seedlings were transplanted to 22 sites in the late autumn of 1989
and in the winter of 1990. The experiments were laid out in the fields as to ‘‘Randomized Complete
Blocks Method’’ with 3 replications. 16 seedlings in square in each block initially represented each
provenance. Spacing was 1.5 m between in a row and 3 m between the rows. 15 test sites are under
control.
The coordinator institute of (Pinus sylvestis L.) provenance trial is Central Anatolia Forest Research
Institute (Ankara). Central Anatolia Forest Research Institute were published the 5 years old results.
The first preliminary results of Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) provenance tests in Turkey (Dagdas et
al., 1998). The eleven-year results are analyzed, but not published.
DAĞDAŞ, S., TOSUN, S., ATASOY, H. ve DAŞDEMĐR, Đ., 1998: Türkiye’ de Sarıçam (Pinus
sylvestris L) Orijin denemelerinin Đlk Sonuçları Đç Anadolu Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları,
Teknik Bülten Serisi, No.:272, Ankara,119 s.
5- Abies grandis lindl Provenance trial in Black Sea Region
Western Black Sea Forest Research Directory established it in 1988 on 5 test sides. 24 provenances
were tested on 5 test sites. 16 provenances of Abies grandis, 4 provenances of Abies nordmanniana
(Stev.) Spach. subsp. nordmanniana),2 provenances of Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach. subsp.
bornmülleriana and 2 provenances of Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach. subsp equi-trojani
(Ascher.et Sint.) Coode et Cullen originating from Turkey were tested on 5 test sites.
The experiments were laid out in the fields as to ‘‘Randomized Complete Blocks Method’’ with 3
replications. 20 seedlings in square in each block initially represented each provenance. Spacing was 6
m between in a row and 6 m between the rows. 6 test sites are under control. The coordinator institute
of this research is Western Black Sea Forest Research Directory.
Western Black Sea Forest Research Directory as a technical report published the tenth year results
(Atasoy et al., 2003).
ATASOY, H., KÜÇÜK, M., ULU, F, 2003: Doğukaradeniz Bölgesinde Abies grandis (dougl) Lindl.
Orijin denemelerinin On Üç Yıllık Sonuçları. Doğu Karadeniz Ormancılık Araştırma Müdürlüğü,
teknik Bülten No: 15, Trabzon
6-Provenance Trial of Stone Pine (Pinus pinea L.) in Mediterranean region
It was established in 1996 on 6 test sides. 19 provenances (4 provenances originating from Turkey, 4
provenance from Lebanon, 4 provenances from Spain, 5 provenances from France, 1 provenance from
Italy, 1 Provenance from Greece) were tested on 6 test sites. The list of Stone Pine (Pinus pinea L.)
were given below Table 5.The experiments were laid out in the fields as to ‘‘Randomized Complete
Blocks Method’’ with 3 replications. 20 seedlings in square in each block initially represented each
provenance. Spacing was 6 m between in a row and 6 m between the rows. 6 test sites are under
control. The coordinator institute of (Pinus pinea L.) is Aegean Forest Research Directory (Izmir).
This trial was supported by INRA. The seeds of foreign origin were provided by INRA. There is no
publication about Stone Pine provenance trial now.
The name of trial area: Kozak-Bergama-Izmir, Kocarli-Aydın (2 trial area in Aegean region),
Baskoy-Antalya, Incik-Antalya, Tarsus-Icel, Mut-Icel (4 trial area in Mediterranean region).
Table 5. The provenances of Stone Pine (Pinus pinea L.)
Provenance Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Country
Lebanon
Spain
Spain
Spain
Lebanon
Lebanon
Lebanon
Greece
Spain
France
France
France
France
France
Italy
Turkey
Turkey
Turkey
Turkey
Provenance
Beit Mounzer (Maddath Jebbel)
Mcscta Castellana
Cordillera Central
Andalucia Occidental
Bkassine
Qsaibe
Centne
Chalkidiki Agios Nikolaos
Cataluna
St Raphael
Villeneuvette (Herault)
St Aygulf
Brignoles–Le Val
Saintes-Maries (B.du.Rh.)
Feninglia 67
Bursa-Yalova-Dumanlıdag
Canakkale-Millipark
Mugla-Yatagan-Katrancı
Antalya-Kumluca
Table 1. Geographic information on Turkish Red Pine (Pinus brutia L.) provenances
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Forest District
Karsanti
Buffavento
Karaagac
Karakoyak
Gokcesu
Yivil
Pembecik
Karakoyak
Findikpinari
Akdere
Guzeoluk
Findikpinari
Caltibuku
Melli
Merkez
Duzlercami
Guzelbag
Eskibag
Karacay
Karacay
Pinargozu
Kargi
Kumluca
Olimpos
Seydan
Baharlar
Ezine
Karakoy
Bigadic
Catilibuk
Orhaneli
Golhisar
Karadag
Sogutdagi
Ulucinar
Sucati
Yayladag
Cetibeli
Yaras
Boyali
Sahinkaya
Delikdere
Đbrahim onu
Cam golu
Huridagi
Karatepe
Findik
Karacadag
Dokuzdereler
Guzelyurt
Working Circle
Pos
Cyprus
Cyprus
Tarsus
Anamur
Anamur
Gulnar
Tarsus
Mersin
Silifke
Erdemli
Mersin
Anamur
Bucak
Bucak
Antalya
Gundogmus
Gundogmus
Kas
Kas
Serik
Alanya
Kumluca
Antalya
Sindirgi
Ayvacik-Can
Ayvacik-Can
Bayramic
Bigadic
M.K. pasa
Orhaneli
Golhisar
Sutculer
Sutculer
Antakya
K.Maras
Antakya
Marmaris
Mugla
Yilanli
Gordes
Dursunbey
Goynuk
Bafra
Niksar
Karabuk
Siirt
Izmir
Kesan
Cyprus
Latitude
37° 34΄
35° 17΄
35° 18΄
37° 05΄
36° 11΄
36° 05΄
36° 14΄
37° 07΄
36° 55΄
36° 13΄
36° 45΄
36° 57΄
36° 17΄
37° 24΄
37° 30΄
36° 59΄
36° 45΄
36° 42΄
36° 24΄
36° 24΄
37° 16΄
36° 36΄
36° 26΄
36° 35΄
39° 12΄
39° 36΄
39° 53΄
39° 50΄
39° 24΄
39° 58΄
40° 00΄
37° 04΄
37° 30΄
37° 21΄
36° 21΄
36° 21΄
37° 46΄
35° 54΄
37° 00΄
37° 06΄
37° 17΄
38° 50΄
39° 42΄
40° 11΄
41° 39΄
40° 38΄
41° 05΄
37° 29΄
38° 06΄
40° 44΄
Longitude
35°24΄
33° 24΄
33° 32΄
34° 33΄
32° 45΄
32° 41΄
33° 15΄
34° 31΄
34° 26΄
33° 43΄
34° 10΄
34° 24΄
32° 48΄
30° 37΄
30° 41΄
30° 33΄
31° 58΄
32° 10΄
29° 30΄
29° 32΄
31° 58΄
31° 57΄
30° 15΄
30° 28΄
28° 08΄
26° 34΄
26° 25΄
25° 55΄
28° 22΄
28° 40΄
28° 55΄
30° 27΄
30° 51΄
30° 54΄
35° 57΄
36° 42΄
36° 01΄
28° 19΄
28° 32΄
28° 34΄
28° 04΄
28° 37΄
30° 49΄
35° 27΄
36° 43΄
32° 41΄
42° 00΄
27° 05΄
26° 43΄
33° 03΄
Altitude (m)
600
500
320
1000
600
650
650
800
750
125
1150
1150
1000
800
800
275
650
1000
720
830
750
350
250
350
400
550
300
400
350
450
600
1100
650
400
385
800
480
60
750
750
350
600
600
100
250
450
700
400
175
200
Table 2. Geographic information on Anatolian Black Pine (Crimean pine) (Pinus nigra J. F.
Arnold subsp. nigra var. caramanica (Loud.) Rehder) provenances
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Forest District
Boyabat
Kastamanu
Yenice
Mengen
Mudurnu
Çatalca
Đnegöl
M.Kemâlpaşa
Kızılcahamam
Ankara
Yenice
Balıkesir
Alaçam
Alaçam
Domaniç
Tavşanlı
Simav
Simav
Demirci
Uşak
Uşak
Gördes
Bayındır
Nazilli
Denizli
Denizli
Yılanlı
Gölhisar
Eğirdir
Sütçüler
Alanya
Gazipaşa-Culluca
Gazipaşa-Culluca
Pos
Kozan
Andırın
Working Circle
Elekdağ
Karadere
Bakraz-Deveboynu
Daren –Sorgun
Sarpuncuk
Beytepe
Boğazova
Burhandağı
Çamkoru
Beynam
Asar-Tahtalı
Korucu
Gölcük
Gölcük
D. Çarşamba
Đkizoluk
Kocagüvez
A. Söğütderesi
Söğütçük
Oturak-1300 m
Oturak- 1450 m
Güneşli-Sıgırova
Ovacık
Sarıcaova
Sapacaboğazı
K. Tepe-G .Kaya
Elkindağ
Gölhisar
Merkez
Tota
Söğüt
Sazak-900-1000 m
Sazak-1050-1400 m
Soğukoluk
Meydan
Fındıklıdere
Latitude
410 32’
410 09’
410 38’
400 57’
400 31’
410 32’
390 56’
390 54’
400 35’
390 50’
390 50’
390 23’
390 33’
390 33’
390 51’
390 25’
390 22’
390 14’
390 08’
380 54’
380 54’
390 08’
380 19’
380 02’
370 43’
370 40’
370 11’
370 02’
370 17’
370 32’
360 34’
360 14’
360 14’
370 37’
370 43’
37 0 44’
Longitude
34 0 28 ’
34 0 02 ’
32 0 18 ’
32 0 17 ’
31 0 27’
29 0 10’
29 0 24’
28 0 43’
32 0 29’
32 0 55’
27 0 08’
27 0 15’
28 0 24’
28 0 24’
29 0 29’
29 0 07’
29 0 03’
28 0 44’
28 0 36’
29 0 55’
29 0 55’
28 0 25’
27 0 40’
28 0 38’
29 0 04’
29 0 24’
28 0 32’
29 0 27’
30 0 56’
31 0 08’
32 0 24’
32 0 33’
32 0 33’
35 0 14’
35 0 36’
36 0 21’
Altitude (m)
1250-1500
1200-1450
900
350-1000
1200
200 – 300
1200-1300
900 – 1000
1550
1400
300
800
1200
1450
1350-1550
1200-1700
1300-1500
1150-1400
1200
1300
1450
1100
850
1100
1250
700
1100
1010 – 1350
1200
1450 – 1700
1400
900 – 1000
1050 – 1400
1200
1100 – 1200
1500
Table 3. Geographic information on Taurus Cedar (Cedrus libani A. rich.) provenances
No
2
4
6
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Forest District
Bozdag
Sultandagi-Deresinek
Dirmil
Belcegiz
Belcegiz
Kizildag
Kapidag
Karacay
Ciglikara-kocova
Eskibag
Kemer
Aykiricay-Sirken
Yukari Alakir
Bucak Aras. Orman.
Duden-yaniktepe
Sogutdagi
Arslankoy-Baspinar
Damlacali
Saglik-Gokyurt
Karakuz
Mansurlu-Yumurtatepe
Meydan-Hancukuru
Ayvacik-Catak
Elmadag
Akifiye-Findiklidere
Hassa-Kislakdere
Merkez-Malakhasan
Baraj-Akinci koyu
Sevindik
Hartlap-Cagirgandere
Elmalar-Golcegiz-Kalekoy
Merkez -Torbuzek-Mursel
Kazanci-Kocasdagi
Nurdagi-Hinzirli
Yeniyapan Yavsan dagi
Working Circle
Acipayam
Afyon
Golhisar
S.karaagac
S.karaagac
S.karaagac
Isparta
Kas-Lengume
Elmalı
Gündoğmuş
Antalya
Finike
Kumluca
Elmali
Anamur-Abanoz
Gülnar
Mersin
Ermenek
Konya
Pozantı
Feke
Kozan
Saimbeyli
Andırın
Andırın
Antakya
Göksun
Niksar
Elmalı
K Maras
K Maras
Göksun
Ermenek
Osmaniye
K Maras Hartlap
Latitude
37° 15΄
38° 32΄
36° 55΄
37° 52΄
37° 50΄
38° 08΄
38° 05΄
36° 23΄
36° 33΄
36° 58΄
36° 37΄
36° 27΄
36° 36΄
36° 33΄
36° 19΄
36° 19΄
37° 00΄
36° 32΄
37° 49΄
37° 30΄
37° 48΄
37° 36΄
37° 48΄
37° 37΄
37° 44΄
36° 50΄
38° 03΄
40° 47΄
36° 31΄
37° 27΄
37° 46΄
38° 08΄
36° 30΄
37° 03΄
37° 31΄
Longitude
29° 13΄
31° 09΄
29° 29΄
31° 17΄
32° 18΄
31° 18΄
38° 42΄
29° 26΄
29° 48΄
32° 10΄
30° 28΄
30° 10΄
30° 23΄
29° 48΄
32° 58΄
33° 08΄
34° 14΄
32° 46΄
32° 02΄
34° 57΄
35° 45΄
35° 24΄
36° 11΄
36° 28΄
36° 21΄
36° 30΄
36° 25΄
36° 34΄
29° 44΄
36° 35΄
37° 06΄
32° 44΄
36° 44΄
36° 17΄
36° 45΄
Altitude (m)
1730
1350
1500-1650
1600
1550
1370
1400-1600
1300-1550
1550
1500
1450
1250-1300
1350
1500
1360
1350
1600
1550-1600
1650
1580
1200-1350
1450
1490
1500-1600
1460
1400
1650
850
1500
900-950
1450
1730
1710
1450
1350
Table 4. Geographic information on Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) provenances
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Forest District
Eskişehir-Çatacık
Çamlıdere
Yahyalı-Pınarbaşı
Hollanda
Hollanda
Sarıkamış
Yusufeli
Sarıkamış
Sarıkamış
Eskişehir-Çatacık
Eskişehir-Çatacık
Uşak
Eskipazar
Araç
Kargı
Araç
Bolu-Seben
Karabük
Zonguldak-Dirgine
Aladağ
Aladağ
Aladağ
Aladağ
Daday
Yığılca
Akdağmadeni
Akdağmadeni
Artvin-Göktaş
Akçaabat
Vezirköprü
Mesudiye
Vezirköprü
Mesudiye
Espiye
Karabük
Working Circle
Değirmendere
Benliyayla
Akdağ
NL T 1 .1. 01- 11
NL S 2. 2. 16- 03
Sarıkamış
Kılıçkaya
Çıplakdağ
Boyalı
Gümelidere
Değirmendere
Oturak
Eğriova
Dereyayla
Erenler-Kösdağ
Dereyayla
Taşlıyayla
Büyükdüz
Değirmendere
Aladağsuyu
Aladağsuyu
Kartalkaya
Kartalkaya
Koldandere
Boğabeli
Sırıklı
Aktaş
Taraklı
Sertkaya köyü
Ovacık
Iğdırdağı
Ovacık
Arpaalan
Tohumluk
Keltepe
Latitude
39058΄
40029΄
38o43΄
Longitude
31006’
32010’
36013 “
400 17΄
42037’
Altitude (m.)
1300-1700-1450
1650
1650
0-100
0-100
2200
39058΄
39058΄
38054΄
31004’
31007’
29050’
2360
2150
1550
1550
1675
41010’
35015’
1500
41034’
33015’
1500
40038’
40037’
40035’
40037’
31041’
31019’
31042’
31043’
1400
1350
1500
1500
40037’
39034’
30050’
35050’
40022’
37055’
40022’
37052’
1800
1750
900
650
1200
1900
1300
1650
1770
1400