Turkish Style Guide

Transkript

Turkish Style Guide

Turkish Style Guide
Contents
What's New? .................................................................................................................................... 4
New Topics ................................................................................................................................... 4
Updated Topics ............................................................................................................................ 4
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 5
About This Style Guide ................................................................................................................ 5
Scope of This Document .............................................................................................................. 5
Style Guide Conventions .............................................................................................................. 5
Sample Text ................................................................................................................................. 6
Recommended Reference Material ............................................................................................. 7
Normative References .............................................................................................................. 7
Informative References ............................................................................................................. 7
Language Specific Conventions ...................................................................................................... 8
Country/Region Standards ........................................................................................................... 8
Characters ................................................................................................................................ 8
Date ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Time ........................................................................................................................................ 11
Numbers ................................................................................................................................. 13
Sorting ..................................................................................................................................... 16
Geopolitical Concerns ................................................................................................................ 20
Grammar, Syntax & Orthographic Conventions ......................................................................... 21
Adjectives ................................................................................................................................ 21
Articles .................................................................................................................................... 21
Capitalization .......................................................................................................................... 22
Compounds............................................................................................................................. 23
Gender .................................................................................................................................... 23
Genitive ................................................................................................................................... 23
Modifiers ................................................................................................................................. 23
Nouns ...................................................................................................................................... 24
Prepositions ............................................................................................................................ 24
Pronouns ................................................................................................................................. 25
Punctuation ............................................................................................................................. 25
Singular & Plural ..................................................................................................................... 29
Split Infinitive ........................................................................................................................... 29
Subjunctive ............................................................................................................................. 29
Symbols & Non-Breaking Spaces........................................................................................... 29
Syntax ..................................................................................................................................... 30
Verbs ....................................................................................................................................... 30
Word Order ............................................................................................................................. 30
Style and Tone Considerations .................................................................................................. 31
Audience ................................................................................................................................. 31
Style ........................................................................................................................................ 31
Tone ........................................................................................................................................ 31
Voice ....................................................................................................................................... 31
Localization Guidelines .................................................................................................................. 33
General Considerations ............................................................................................................. 33
Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... 33
Accessibility ............................................................................................................................ 33
Acronyms ................................................................................................................................ 34
Applications, Products, and Features ..................................................................................... 34
Frequent Errors ....................................................................................................................... 34
Glossaries ............................................................................................................................... 35
Fictitious Information ............................................................................................................... 35
Recurring Patterns .................................................................................................................. 35
Standardized Translations ...................................................................................................... 36
Unlocalized Items.................................................................................................................... 36
Using the Word Microsoft ....................................................................................................... 37
Software Considerations ............................................................................................................ 38
User Interface ......................................................................................................................... 38
Messages ................................................................................................................................ 40
Keys ........................................................................................................................................ 45
Document Translation Considerations ....................................................................................... 50
Titles ....................................................................................................................................... 50
Cross References ................................................................................................................... 50
Copyright ................................................................................................................................. 51
What's New?
Last Updated: February 2011
New Topics
The following topics were added:

Language Specific Conventions
Updated Topics
The following topics were updated:

Localization Guidelines – Examples and additional information are added.

Product Specific Guidelines – Product Specific Sections are added for Windows and Windows Live.
4
Introduction
This Style Guide went through major revision in February 2011 in order to remove outdated and unnecessary
content.
About This Style Guide
The purpose of this Style Guide is to provide everybody involved in the localization of Turkish Microsoft products
with Microsoft-specific linguistic guidelines and standard conventions that differ from or are more prescriptive than
those found in language reference materials. These conventions have been adopted after considering context
based on various needs, but above all, they are easy to follow and applicable for all types of software to be
localized.
The Style Guide covers the areas of formatting, and grammatical conventions. It also presents the reader with a
general idea of the reasoning behind the conventions. The present Style Guide is a revision of our previous Style
Guide version with the intention of making it more standardized, more structured, and easier to use as a
reference.
The guidelines and conventions presented in this Style Guide are intended to help you localize Microsoft products
and materials. We welcome your feedback, questions and concerns regarding the Style Guide. We welcome your
feedback, questions and concerns regarding the Style Guide. You can send us your feedback via the Microsoft
Language Portal feedback page.
Scope of This Document
This Style Guide is intended for the localization professional working on Microsoft products. It is not intended to
be a comprehensive coverage of all localization practices, but to highlight areas where Microsoft has preference
or deviates from standard practices for Turkish localization.
Style Guide Conventions
In this document, a plus sign (+) before a translation example means that this is the recommended correct
translation. A minus sign (-) is used for incorrect translation examples.
In Microsoft localization context, the word term is used in a slightly untraditional sense, meaning the same as e.g.
a segment in Trados. The distinguishing feature of a term here is that it is translated as one unit; it may be a
traditional term (as used in terminology), a phrase, a sentence, or a paragraph.
References to interface elements really only refer to translatable texts associated with those interface elements.
Example translations in this document are only intended to illustrate the point in question. They are not a source
of approved terminology. Always check for approved translation in the Microsoft terminology database.
5
Sample Text
KiĢisel bilgilerinizin güçlü parolalarla korunmasına yardımcı olun
Parolalarınız, bilgisayarınızda ve çevrimiçi hesaplarınızda depolanan kiĢisel bilgilerinize eriĢmek için kullandığınız
anahtarlardır.
Dolandırıcılar veya diğer kötü amaçlı kullanıcılar bu bilgileri çalmayı baĢarırsa, sizin adınızı kullanarak yeni kredi
kartı hesapları açabilir, kredi baĢvurularında bulunabilir veya çevrimiçi iĢlemler gerçekleĢtirebilir. Çoğu durumda,
çok geç oluncaya kadar bu saldırıları fark etmezsiniz.
Ancak, güçlü parolalar oluĢturarak bu bilgilerin korunmasını sağlayabilirsiniz.
Güçlü parola nedir?
Saldırgan açısından, güçlü parola rastgele karakterler dizisi olmalıdır. AĢağıdaki ölçütler parolalarınızın güçlü
olmasını sağlayabilir:
Uzun bir parola belirleyin. Parolanıza eklediğiniz her karakter, sağlanan koruma düzeyini önemli ölçüde artırır.
Parolalarınız 8 veya daha fazla karakterden oluĢmalıdır; en uygunu, 14 karakter ve fazlasıdır.
Çoğu sistem parolalarda boĢluk kullanılmasını da destekler, böylece birden çok sözcükten oluĢan bir cümle
("geçiĢ cümlesi") oluĢturabilirsiniz. GeçiĢ cümlesi, basit bir parola ile karĢılaĢtırıldığında daha kolay anımsanabilir,
daha uzundur ve tahmin edilmesi daha zordur.
Harfler, sayılar ve simgeler içeren bir birleşim kullanın. Parolanızda ne kadar farklı türde karakter olursa,
parolanın tahmin edilmesi o kadar zorlaĢır. Diğer önemli özellikler Ģunlardır:
• Parolanızda ne kadar az türde karakter olursa, parola o kadar uzun olmalıdır. Rastgele harf ve sayılardan oluĢan
15 karakter uzunluğundaki bir parola, klavyede bulunan herhangi 8 karakterden oluĢan bir paroladan 33.000 kat
daha güçlüdür. Simgeler içeren bir parola oluĢturamazsanız, aynı koruma düzeyini elde etmek için çok daha uzun
bir parola oluĢturmalısınız. Ġdeal bir parola, yeterince uzun olmalı ve farklı simge türleri içermelidir.
• Klavyenin tamamını kullanın, yalnızca genel karakterleri değil. "Shift" tuĢu basılı tutularak yazılan simgeler ve
sayılar, parolalarda sık görülen öğelerdir. Klavyenin üst satırında bulunmayan noktalama iĢaretleri ve dilinize özgü
simgeler de dahil klavyedeki tüm simgeler arasından seçim yaparsanız parolanız çok daha güçlü olacaktır.
Sizin anımsamanız kolay, ancak baĢkalarının tahmin etmesi zor olan sözcük ve ifadeler kullanın. Parolalarınızı ve
geçiĢ cümlelerinizi anımsamanın en kolay yolu onları yazmaktır. Genel kanının aksine, parolaların yazılmasında
herhangi bir sakınca yoktur; ancak güvenli ve etkin kalabilmeleri için iyi korunmaları gerekir.
Genel olarak, bir kağıda not alınan parolaların bir parola yöneticisi, Web sitesi veya yazılım tabanlı baĢka bir
depolama aracıyla karĢılaĢtırıldığında, Internet üzerinden ele geçirilmeleri çok daha zordur.
Microsoft Evde Güvenlik sitesi
07.02.2011 tarihinde saat 10.30’da oluĢturuldu
6
Recommended Reference Material
Use the Turkish language and terminology as described and used in the following publications.
Normative References
These normative sources must be adhered to. Any deviation from them automatically fails a string in most cases.
When more than one solution is allowed in these sources, look for the recommended one in other parts of the
Style Guide.
1. Yazım Kılavuzu (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları – Ankara 2009)
2. Türkçe Sözlük (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları – Ankara 2009)
3. Güncel Türkçe Sözlük ve Yazım Kılavuzu – TDK Web Sitesi (www.tdk.gov.tr)
4. Türkçe Sözlük ve Yazım Kılavuzu – Dil Derneği Sitesi (http://www.dildernegi.org.tr)
Informative References
These sources are meant to provide supplementary information, background, comparison, etc.
1. Ana Yazım Kılavuzu (Ömer Asım Aksoy – Epsilon Yayınevi 2006)
2. Dil YanlıĢları (Ömer Asım Aksoy – Ġnkılap Yayınevi 2008)
3. Türkiye BiliĢim Derneği BiliĢim Sözlüğü (www.tbd.org.tr)
4. ODTÜ Elektronik ve Bilgisayar Terimleri Sözlüğü (http://sozluk.bidb.odtu.edu.tr/)
5.
http://www.tdk.gov.tr/TR/BelgeGoster.aspx?F6E10F8892433CFFAAF6AA849816B2EF972ACAD7D1AFFDBF
7
Language Specific Conventions
This part of the Style Guide contains information about standards specific to Turkish.
Country/Region Standards
Characters
Country/region
Turkey
Lower-case characters
a, b, c, ç, d, e, f, g, ğ, h, ı, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, ö, p, r, s, Ģ, t, u, ü, v, y, z
Upper-case characters
A, B, C, Ç, D, E, F, G, Ğ, H, I, Ġ, J, K, L, M, N, O, Ö, P, R, S, ġ, T, U, Ü, V, Y,
Z
Characters in caseless scripts
n/a
Extended Latin characters
ç, Ç, ğ, Ğ, ı, Ġ, ö, Ö, Ģ, ġ, ü, Ü
Note on alphabetical order
Alphabetical order is indicative of sorting order.
Total number of characters
29
Unicode codes
Char
Unicode
A
0041
a
0061
B
0042
b
0062
C
0043
c
0063
Ç
00c7
ç
00e7
D
0044
d
0064
E
0045
e
0065
F
0046
f
0066
G
0047
g
0067
Ğ
011e
8
Country/region
Turkey
ğ
011f
H
0048
h
0068
I
0049
ı
0131
Ġ
0130
i
0069
J
004a
j
006a
K
004b
k
006b
L
004c
l
006c
M
004d
m
006d
N
004e
n
006e
O
004f
o
006f
Ö
00d6
ö
00f6
P
0050
p
0070
R
0052
r
0072
S
0053
s
0073
ġ
015e
Ģ
015f
T
0054
t
0074
U
0055
u
0075
Ü
00dc
9
Country/region
Notes
Turkey
ü
00fc
V
0056
v
0076
Y
0059
y
0079
Z
005a
z
007a
Please note that in Turkish “ı” and “i”, and “I” and “Ġ” are different letters and
in the sorting order, the dotless forms come before the ones with dots.
Also, ğ and Ğ (g with a breve) are not used at the beginning of the words.
Date
Country/region
Turkey
Calendar/Era
Gregorian
First Day of the Week
Monday
First Week of the Year
The week that contains the first 4 days of the new year.
Separator
. (period)
Default Short Date Format
dd.MM.yyyy
Example
17.03.2011
Default Long Date Format
dd MMMM yyyy dddd
Example
17 Mart 2011 PerĢembe
Additional Short Date Format 1
d MMM yyyy
Example
7 Mar 2011
Additional Short Date Format 2
d MMMM yyyy
Example
7 Mart 2011
Additional Long Date Format 1
d MMMM yyyy dddd
Example
7 Mart 2011 Pazartesi
Additional Long Date Format 2
n/a
Example
n/a
10
Country/region
Turkey
Leading Zero in Day Field for
Short Date Format
Yes
Leading Zero in Month Field for
Short Date Format
Yes
No. of digits for year for Short
Day Format
4
Leading Zero in Day Field for
Long Date Format
yes
Leading Zero in Month Field for
Long Date Format
n/a
Number of digits for year for
Long Day Format
4
Date Format for
Correspondence
d.MM.yyyy
Example
17.03.2011
Notes


/ (slash) is also used as a separator in short date format. e.g. 17/03/2011
No blanks are allowed before or after the date separators.
d is for day, number of d's indicates the format (d = digits without leading
zero, dd = digits with leading zero, ddd = the abbreviated day name, dddd =
full day name)
Abbreviations in Format Codes
M is for month, number of M's gives number of digits. (M = digits without
leading zero, MM = digits with leading zero, MMM = the abbreviated name,
MMMM = full name)
y is for year, number of y's gives number of digits (yy = two digits, yyyy = four
digits)
Time
Country/region
Turkey
24 hour format
yes
Standard time format
HH:mm:ss
Standard time format example
15:24:12
Time separator
colon
11
Country/region
Turkey
Time separator examples
03:24:12
Hours leading zero
yes
Hours leading zero example
03:24:12
String for AM designator
n/a
String for PM designator
n/a
Notes
Apart from technical reasons in software, standard format (as it is mentioned
in a standard text) for time is “HH.dd”, and leading zero is not used. e.g.
“15.30” or “8.15”
Days
Country/region: Turkey
Day
Normal Form
Abbreviation
Monday
Pazartesi
Pzt
Tuesday
Salı
Sal
Wednesday
ÇarĢamba
Çar
Thursday
PerĢembe
Per
Friday
Cuma
Cum
Saturday
Cumartesi
Cmt
Sunday
Pazar
Paz
First Day of Week: Monday
Is first letter capitalized?: Yes
Notes: n/a
Months
Month
Full Form
Abbreviated Form
Long Date Form
January
Ocak
Oca
Ocak
February
ġubat
ġub
ġubat
March
Mart
Mar
Mart
12
Month
Full Form
Abbreviated Form
Long Date Form
April
Nisan
Nis
Nisan
May
Mayıs
May
Mayıs
June
Haziran
Haz
Haziran
July
Temmuz
Tem
Temmuz
August
Ağustos
Ağu
Ağustos
September
Eylül
Eyl
Eylül
October
Ekim
Eki
Ekim
November
Kasım
Kas
Kasım
December
Aralık
Ara
Aralık
Is first letter capitalized?: Yes
Notes: n/a
Numbers
Latin numbers are used in Turkish.
Phone Numbers
Country/
region
International
Dialing
Code
Area
Codes
Used?
Number of
Digits – Area
Codes
Separator
Number of
Digits –
Domestic
Digit
Groupings –
Domestic
Turkey
90
yes
3
space
11
0### ### ## ##
Country/
region
Number of
Digits –
Local
Digit
Groupings
– Local
Number of
Digits – Mobile
Digit
Groupings –
Mobile
Number of
Digits –
International
Digit
Groupings –
International
7; 11
### ## ##;
0### ###
## ##
11
0### ### ##
##
13
+90 ### ### ##
##
Notes: See the examples below:
Local: 123 45 67
Long distance (Inter-city call): 0216 123 45 67
International: 00 353 1 123 45 67
13
With Extension: 0216 123 45 67 - 125 or 0216 123 45 67dahili: 125.
Mobile phone: 0532 123 45 67
Addresses
Disclaimer: Please note that the information in this entry should under no circumstances be used in examples as
fictitious information.
Address Format:
1. [Title/Honorific] FirstName LastName
2. [CompanyName]
3. Address1
4. [Address2]
5. [CountryCode-] PostalCode [Municipality]/District/City
6. [Country]
Example Address:
Emre Ilgaz [FirstName + SecondName]
Tıp Fakültesi Cad.[Address1]
Koru Apt. 131/19 [Address2]
06450 Dikmen/Ankara [PostalCode + Municipality/City]
Local Postal Code Format: XXXXX
Notes: “State/province” do not exists as such and are not used in addresses.
Currency
Country/region
Turkey
Currency Name
Turkish Lira
Currency Symbol
TL
Currency Symbol Position
Numeral is followed by a space and TL
Positive Currency Format
1,1 TL
Negative Sign Symbol
-
Negative Currency Format
-1,1 TL
Decimal Symbol
,
Number of Digits after Decimal
2
Digit Grouping Symbol
.
14
Number of Digits in Digit
Grouping
3
Positive Currency Example
123.456.789,00 TL
Negative Currency Example
-123.456.789,00 TL
ISO Currency Code
TRY
Currency Subunit Name
KuruĢ
Currency Subunit Symbol
Kr
Currency Subunit Example
50 Kr
Digit Groups
Decimal Separator: ,
Decimal Separator Description: comma
Decimal Separator Example: 3,5
Thousand Separator: .
Thousand Separator Description: period
Thousand Separator Example: 22.236.590
Notes:


Version numbers are not treated as numerals. They kept as is.
Numbers with more than four digits are grouped. e.g. 32.500 and 4000
Measurement Units
Metric System Commonly Used?: Yes
Temperature: Celsius
Category
English
Translation
Abbreviation
Linear Measure
Kilometer
Kilometre
km
Meter
Metre
m
Decimeter
Desimetre
dm
Centimeter
Santimetre
cm
Millimeter
Milimetre
mm
Hectoliter
Hektolitre
hl
Capacity
15
Category
Mass
English Units of
Measurement
English
Translation
Abbreviation
Liter
Litre
l
Deciliter
Desilitre
dl
Centiliter
Santilitre
cl
Milliliter
Mililitre
ml
Ton
Ton
T
Kilogram
Kilogram
kg
Pound
Libre
lb
Gram
Gram
gr
Decigram
Desigram
dg
Centigram
Santigram
cg
Milligram
Miligram
mg
Inch
Ġnç
inç
Feet
Ayak/Fit
ft
Mile
Mil
mi
Gallon
Galon
n/a
Notes: n/a
Percentages
Percentage sign (%) should precede the numeral. There should be no spaces between percentage sign and
number. e.g. %5, %76,5
Sorting
Sorting rules
1. Capital letters and lowercase letters are equal. No distinction is made between them.
2. The extended characters ç, Ç, ğ, Ğ, ı, Ġ, ö, Ö, Ģ, ġ, and ü, Ü are not the equivalents of c, C,
g, G, i, I, o, O, s, S or u, U but treated as separate letters of the alphabet.
3. The Characters Q, q, X, x, and W, w (not used in Turkish, but may come up in English
examples or words imported from other languages are sorted as in English.
4. Non-alphabetical characters (i.e. symbols like @ ! #) sort before the letters of the alphabet.
5. Accented characters from other languages are equal with non-accented characters; so é and
16
e are equal.
6. Digits sort after the non-alphabetical characters and before the letters of the alphabet.
Character
sorting order
Char
Dec
Hex
A
65
0041
a
97
0061
B
66
0042
b
98
0062
C
67
0043
c
99
0063
Ç
199
00c7
ç
231
00e7
D
68
0044
d
100
0064
E
69
0045
e
101
0065
F
70
0046
f
102
0066
G
71
0047
g
103
0067
Ğ
286
011e
ğ
287
011f
H
72
0048
h
104
0068
I
73
0049
ı
253
00fd
Ġ
221
00dd
i
105
0069
J
74
004a
j
106
006a
K
75
004b
17
k
107
006b
L
76
004c
l
108
006c
M
77
004d
m
109
006d
N
78
004e
n
110
006e
O
79
004f
o
111
006f
Ö
214
00d6
ö
246
00f6
P
80
0050
p
112
0070
R
82
0052
r
114
0072
S
83
0053
s
115
0073
ġ
350
015e
Ģ
351
015f
T
84
0054
t
116
0074
U
85
0055
u
117
0075
Ü
220
00dc
ü
252
00fc
V
86
0056
v
118
0076
Y
89
0059
y
121
0079
Z
90
005a
18
z
Examples of
sorted words
122
007a
@
1
Aaron
andere
ändere
chaque
chemin
cote
côté
coté
côte
čučēt
Czech
hiša
irdisch
lävi
lie
lire
llama
lõug
lòza
Löwen
luč
luck
Lübeck
lye
Männer
màšta
mîr
möchten
myndig
piña
pint
pylon
sämtlich
šàran
savoir
ŠerbūraSietla
ślub
subtle
symbol
19
väga
verkehrt
vox
waffle
wood
yen
yuan
yucca
ţal
ţena
Ţenēva
zoo
Zürich
Zviedrija
zysk
zzlj
zzlz
zznj
zznz
Geopolitical Concerns
Part of the cultural adaptation of the US-product to a specific market is the resolving of geopolitical issues. While
the US-product should have been designed and developed with neutrality and a global audience in mind, the
localized product should respond to the particular situation that applies within the target country/region.
Sensitive issues or issues that might potentially be offensive to the users in the target country/region may occur in
any of the following:

Maps

Flags

Country/region, city and language names

Art and graphics
 Cultural content, such as encyclopedia content and other text where historical or political references may
occur
Some of these issues are relatively easy to verify and resolve: the objective should be for the localizer to always
have the most current information available. Maps and other graphic representations of countries/regions and
regions should be checked for accuracy and existing political restrictions. Country/region, city and language
names change on a regular basis and need to be checked, even if previously approved.
A thorough understanding of the culture of the target market is required for checking the appropriateness of
cultural content, clip art and other visual representations of religious symbols, body and hand gestures.
20
Grammar, Syntax & Orthographic Conventions
This section includes information on how to apply the general rules of the Turkish language to Microsoft products
and documentation.
Adjectives
Consecutive adjectives should not be preferred in Turkish even though they are used in original text, especially in
marketing context. In an adjective group, repetitions should be avoided.
Possessive adjectives
The frequent use of possessives is a feature of English language. However in Turkish, possessive adjectives are
not used as commonly as in English. Depending on the context, and for the sake of fluency, they can be omitted
in translation. According to Turkish grammar rules, possessives are added to the words in form of suffixes, and
there may be places for which these suffixes should be omitted for sake of fluency.
Example:
US Expression
Turkish Expression
Comment
Set Up Your Device
(+) Aygıtı Ayarla
In a menu command, “your” should
be avoided in translation. However,
in a title it can be used.
(+) Aygıtınızı Ayarlama
(-) Aygıtınızı Ayarla
Articles
General considerations
They are not a part of Turkish language. However, articles should be rendered carefully into Turkish, considering
the context. Translating definite and indefinite articles always in the same way should be avoided. Similarly, using
"bir" for indefinite articles is not always the right practice. Definite articles should inflect the related words with
proper suffixes.
US Expression
Turkish Expression
Comment
Choose a color to apply to the
selected item.
(+) Seçili öğeye uygulanacak rengi
seçin.
Depending on the context, use of
“bir” may not be necessary.
(+) Seçili öğeye uygulamak üzere bir
renk seçin.
(-) Seçili öğeye uygulanacak renk
seçin.
21
US Expression
Turkish Expression
Comment
Choose the font color.
(+) Yazı tipi rengini seçin.
Definite article should be translated
in definite noun form.
(-) Bir yazı tipi rengi seçin.
Confirm that users have content
installed on their computers for
syncing to the device.
(+) Aygıtla eĢitlemek üzere
kullanıcıların bilgisayarlarında yüklü
içerik bulunduğundan emin olun.
(-) Aygıtla eĢitlenecek içeriğin
olduğundan emin olun.
Indefinite noun usage in translation
does not necessarily require an
indefinite article in source. Please
check the translation of “content” in
this example. Second sentence is
translated as if a definite article (for
“content”) used in source,
completely changing the meaning.
Capitalization
Although the general practice is to follow the US style in translated text, it should always be remembered that
there might be some unnecessary usages of capitalization in source text, and these should be avoided in
translation. Capitalization can be used for highlighting purposes in help and marketing materials while in software
translations, capitalization of source text is followed as a general practice.
In the screenshot below, similar UI elements are translated with consistent capitalization.
22
Capitalization of similar items should also be regarded as a stylistic consistency issue.
-
Conjunctives (ve, veya, ile) are not capitalized in titles.
For bulleted lists:
o If a bullet item is a full sentence, then it should start with capital letter and end with a period.
o Bulleted items (phrases) should also start with capital letters.
US Expression
Turkish Expression
Comment
Find File
(+) Dosya Bul
This software string follows the
original’s style.
Categorizing by Name
(+) Ada Göre Sınıflandırma
All words except conjunctives
should be capitalized in this title.
(-) Ada göre Sınıflandırma


Bullets and Numbering in
Word documents
Finding a search phrase



(+) Word belgelerinde
Madde ĠĢaretleri ve
Numaralandırma
(+) Aranan ifadeyi bulma
(-) Aranan Ġfadeyi Bulma
Titles at the same level should be
capitalized consistently.
Compounds
TDK (Turkish Language Association) is making some changes in writing styles of compounds, some of them
unsuccessfully. Please check the latest usage in other linguistic references as well, and keep consistency
between legacy and new translations within documents.
Gender
This section does not apply to Turkish.
Genitive
Genitive(s) to product names should be translated as separate words, especially for the unlocalized names which
are difficult to read in Turkish.
Example: Rather than using “AppFabric’in”, “AppFabric uygulamasının” can be preferred.
Modifiers
23
Nouns
Inflection
Nouns should be inflected with proper suffixes according to vowel harmony rule. Since Turkish is an agglutinative
language, a noun may have inflected with several suffixes, and its stem may also change during the process.
Example: “köpek” may change to “köpe-ği-niz-in” for “of your dog”.
Plural Formation
Simply, plural suffixes (-ler or -lar according to vowel harmony rule) are added to nouns to make them plural.
Unnecessary use of plural form should be avoided in translations.
Example:
US Expression
Turkish Expression
To add parameters to this
command:
(+) Bu komuta parametre eklemek
için:
(-) Bu komuta parametreler eklemek
için:
Comment
Plural form is unnecessary in this
translation, and it affects the fluency
negatively.
Singular usage in English text does not necessarily require the same usage in translation.
US Expression
Turkish Expression
User can delete this sentence.
(+) Kullanıcı bu cümleyi silebilir.
Comment
(+) Kullanıcılar bu cümleyi silebilir.
(-) Bir kullanıcı bu cümleyi silebilir.
Prepositions
Pay attention to the correct use of the preposition in translations. Influenced by the English language, many
translators follow the source too closely and overuse the same preposition in the same sentence. This should be
avoided in sake of fluency.
US Expression
Turkish Expression
Comment
To make this process more
convenient for you, there are a
couple of quick ways to switch back
to the events list right from Outlook.
(+) Bu iĢlemi sizin için daha kolay
hale getirmek üzere doğrudan
Outlook'tan olay listesine dönmenizi
sağlayan birkaç hızlı yol vardır.
Overuse of “için” causes fluency
issues. Different prepositions should
be used for “for” and “to” in this
sentence.
24
US Expression
Turkish Expression
Comment
(-) Bu iĢlemi sizin için daha kolay
hale getirmek için doğrudan
Outlook'tan olay listesine dönmeniz
için birkaç hızlı yol vardır.
Pronouns
Omitting pronouns is a common mistake in Turkish translations. In some cases, pronouns can be rendered as null
subjects, but this should only be done when the subject of the sentence is clear.
US Expression
Turkish Expression
To make the sentence more
understandable, you should make it
simplified.
(+) Cümlenin daha anlaĢılır olması
için bunu sadeleĢtirmelisiniz.
It seems that “Delete” option is not
enabled in the Advanced Settings
pane before this operation. It cannot
be used in the specified context.
(+) Bu iĢlemden önce “Sil” seçeneği
GeliĢmiĢ Ayarlar bölmesinde
etkinleĢtirilmemiĢ gibi görünüyor. Bu
seçenek, belirtilen bağlamda
kullanılamaz.
(-) Cümlenin daha anlaĢılır olması
için sadeleĢtirmelisiniz.
(-) Bu iĢlemden önce “Sil” seçeneği
GeliĢmiĢ Ayarlar bölmesinde
etkinleĢtirilmemiĢ gibi görünüyor.
Belirtilen bağlamda kullanılamaz.
Comment
Missing pronoun here causes a
grammar error.
When the subject of the sentence is
not clear since the preceding
sentence is complicated, pronoun
should not be interpreted as a null
subject in translation.
Punctuation
All punctuations marks should be written with no spaces before them, and there should be only one space after
applicable marks, such as commas, periods, colons, etc.
Comma
Comma usage is basically optional in most cases. However, it should be paid attention to not to omit a comma
where it was needed for accuracy, and when subject and verb of the sentence are not closely placed in
translation.
25
Example: Kullanıcı, yöneticinin yükleme iĢlemlerini sonlandırmak üzere denetimi almasına olanak vermek için
bilgisayarını yeniden baĢlatmadan önce açık olan tüm dosyaları kapatmalı ve gereken yedekleri almalıdır.
Also, overuse of comma should be avoided since it affects the fluency negatively.
Example:
US Expression
Turkish Expression
To delete this entry, press Delete.
(+) Bu giriĢi silmek için Delete
tuĢuna basın.
(-) Bu giriĢi silmek için, Delete
tuĢuna basın.
Comment
Comma usage is not necessary in
short sentences like this one.
Colon and semicolon
If text after the colon is a full sentence, then it should start with a capital letter. When it is a fragment, lower case
should be used.
Example: Bu uygulama Ģu özelliklere sahip değildir: kesme-yapıĢtırma, sürükleyip bırakma.
Text after the semicolon should not start with capital letter.
Example: ġarkı listelerini birer sepet olarak düĢünün; kullanıcılar sepette bulunmasını istedikleri Ģarkıları eklerler.
Dashes and Hyphens
Three different dash characters are used in English while in Turkish hyphen and en dash are basically the same
thing:
Hyphen
In English, the hyphen is used to divide words between syllables, to link parts of a compound word, and to
connect the parts of an inverted or imperative verb form. However, its usage in Turkish is quite different and
respectively very limited. Most of the compounds are written as two separate words in Turkish, or as a single word
without any hyphens.
US Expression
Turkish Expression
Comment
first-time setup
(+) ilk kurulum
Literal translations should be
omitted for compound words.
(-) ilk-kez kurulum
user-specified parameter
(+) kullanıcı tarafından belirtilen
parametre
(-) kullanıcının-belirttiği parametre
Literal translations should be
omitted for compound words.
26
En Dash
In English text, the en dash is used as a minus sign, usually with spaces before and after. In Turkish, there should
be no spaces after the minus sign.
Example: -5
The en dash is also used in number ranges, such as those specifying page numbers. No spaces are used around
the en dash in this case. This usage is same in Turkish.
Example: Sayfa 3-5
Em Dash
In English, the em dash should only be used to emphasize an isolated element or introduce an element that is not
essential to the meaning conveyed by the sentence. This usage is not applicable to Turkish, and em dashes
should be converted to appropriate alternatives, such as colons, semicolons or parentheses.
US Expression
Turkish Expression
Time is precious. More than ever,
you need a system that is simple,
easy, natural, and enjoyable – so
you can get things done and focus
on what matters most in your life.
(+) Zaman değerlidir. ĠĢlerinizi yapıp
yaĢamınızdaki en önemli konulara
yoğunlaĢabilmek için basit, kolay,
doğal ve zevkli bir sisteme her
zamankinden daha çok ihtiyacınız
var.
(-) Zaman değerlidir. Basit, kolay,
doğal ve zevkli bir sisteme her
zamankinden daha çok ihtiyacınız
var – böylece iĢlerinizi yapıp
yaĢamınızdaki en önemli konulara
yoğunlaĢabilirsiniz.
Comment
Em dash should be replaced with a
proper alternative in translation, or
word order should be changed to
reflect the correct sense.
Ellipses (Suspension Points)
Keep in mind the following when using ellipses/suspension points:
There should be no spaces before ellipses, and there should always be three points (not two points) in translation.
In software translations, ellipses are used at the end of a sentence that mentions an on-going operation, formed in
present continuous tense as follows:
27
Period
There should be only one space after the period at the end of a full sentence. English text sometimes uses double
spaces, but this should not be followed in translation.
Quotation Marks
In US source strings, you may find software references surrounded by English quotation marks. These can be
kept as is for technical reasons. If these are replaced with directional quotation marks, consistency should be
kept.
Parentheses
In English, there are no spaces between the parentheses and the text inside them. This also applies to Turkish.
However, there are some differences between English and Turkish with the usage of parentheses with full
sentences or fragments.
If a sentence is within parentheses, then its full-stop should also be in the parentheses.
Example:
(+) ÇalıĢtırdığınız tüm programları kapatın. (Bu iĢlemi atlamayın.)
If a fragment is written within parentheses, it should be placed just after the part of the sentence that it
complements. It should not be left alone at the end of sentence, or sentence should not start with a fragment in
parentheses.
Example:
(+) ÇalıĢtırdığınız tüm programları (ilgili komutu kullanarak) kapatın.
US Expression
Turkish Expression
Users should have content (music,
books, photos, and so on) installed
on their computers for syncing to the
device.
içerik (müzik, kitap, fotoğraf vb.)
olmalıdır.
(-) Aygıtla eĢitlemek üzere
içerik olmalıdır (müzik, kitap, fotoğraf
vb.).
Comment
The phrase in parentheses should
be placed at a proper point in the
sentence.
Suffixes should be added to the word before parentheses to keep fluency.
28
US Expression
Turkish Expression
Install the required Windows version
(Vista or later).
(+) Gerekli Windows sürümünü
(Vista ve sonrası) yükleyin.
(-) Gerekli Windows sürümü (Vista
ve sonrası)nü yükleyin.
Comment
Suffixes should not be added after
the parentheses.
Singular & Plural
Singular/plural usage should be consistent for a list of items.
US Expression
Turkish Expression
Users should have content (music,
books, photos, and so on) installed
on their computers for syncing to the
device.
içerik (müzik, kitap, fotoğraf vb.)
olmalıdır.
(-) Aygıtla eĢitlemek üzere
içerik (müzik, kitap, fotoğraflar vb.)
olmalıdır.
This lesson teaches you about the
sync settings that affect a mobile
device and explores the relationship
between mobile devices and sync
software.
(+) Bu derste mobil aygıtları
etkileyen eĢitleme ayarları ele alınır
ve mobil aygıtlarla eĢitleme
yazılımları arasındaki iliĢki açıklanır.
(-) Bu derste bir mobil aygıtı
etkileyen eĢitleme ayarları ele alınır
ve mobil aygıtlarla eĢitleme yazılımı
arasındaki iliĢki açıklanır.
Comment
Singular/plural usage should be
consistent for a list of items.
“Software” can be either singular or
plural; a decision has to be made
after reviewing the context.
Also, an indefinite object can be
translated in indefinite plural form to
have the correct sense in Turkish.
Split Infinitive
Subjunctive
Symbols & Non-Breaking Spaces
Some of the symbols that are widely used in English text (such as @, #, &) are not used in Turkish translation.
29
US Expression
Turkish Expression
Comment
25 min.@ 25 Gbps
(+) 25 Gb/sn hızda 25 dk.
@ sign is only valid in e-mail
addresses.
(-) 25 dk. @ 25 Gb/sn.
# items
(+) Öğe sayısı
(-) # öğe
Bullets & Numbering
(+) Madde ĠĢaretleri ve
Numaralandırma
(-) Madde ĠĢaretleri &
Numaralandırma
& sign should not be used instead
of “ve” in Turkish translations.
Letters that are written with a circumflex accent (^) should not be used in electronically-processed documents as a
general practice, since this may cause corruption issues.
Example: Sorun hala giderilmediyse sistem yöneticinize baĢvurun.
Non-breaking spaces should not be overused, and extra ones in source should be deleted in translation. For
example, a non-breaking space is necessary between a product name and its version, but it is not necessary
between two words in a regular text.
Syntax
Syntax and register differ between Turkish and English (mainly because Turkish is an agglutinative language) in
the following ways:
1. Word order
2. Inflection of words with suffixes
Verbs
Word Order
Turkish word order is quite different than English word order. In Turkish, a sentence should form as follows:
Subject + Object + Verb
Also, since new words are formed by adding suffixes to end of the words in Turkish, total number of words in a
translated sentence tend to be lower than corresponding English sentence, while characters in each word tend to
be higher. That is to say, Turkish words and sentences are generally much longer than English words and
sentences, and one-to-one word matching between an English sentence and its translation is not possible.
30
Style and Tone Considerations
This section focuses on higher-level considerations for audience, style, tone, and voice.
Audience
Most of the Turkish users are not English speakers. So, except for specific materials such as advanced
programming software and/or executive reports, the style should be simple, neat and easy to understand.
Advanced programmers and executives can prefer English terms specific to their sectors and fields of work.
Style
The style of translations should be contemporary; the translation should be clear of old style and wording. Also,
too formal and too informal words should be avoided.
US Expression
Please make a selection.
Please make a selection by using the mouse.
Turkish Expression
(+) Lütfen seçim yapın.
(-) Lütfen seçim yapınız.
(+) Lütfen fareyi kullanarak bir seçim yapın.
(-) Lütfen fare vasıtasıyla bir seçim yapın.
Tone
As a general rule, formal tone is used in all translations. Informal tone can only be used when target audience is
young people and when product’s main purpose is entertaining them (like gaming products for a teenagers).
Also, excessive/unnecessary use of “please” should be avoided in Turkish translations. Informal phrases such as
“sorry, we’re sorry, unfortunately, etc.” can also be avoided if the context does not require a personal tone.
Voice
“You” should be translated in second person plural. Since Turkish does not use gender classes, all words can be
considered as neutral.
US Expression
Turkish Expression
You are now connected to the Internet.
(+) ġu anda Internet’e bağlısınız.
In Turkish, passive voice is used more frequently than active voice, especially when subjects are not animate
(person).
31
US Expression
This graphic shows the sales figures for 1999.
Turkish Expression
(+) Grafikte 1999 satıĢ rakamları gösterilmektedir.
(-) Grafik 1999 satıĢ rakamlarını göstermektedir.
32
Localization Guidelines
This section contains guidelines for localization into Turkish.
General Considerations
Abbreviations
Common Abbreviations
Although using abbreviations is not a common practice in Turkish, you might need to abbreviate some words in
the UI (mainly buttons or options names) due to lack of space. Note that this should always be the last option
when there is no other way to present a shorter translation.
There is no standard way of doing this; however there are two possible ways:
1- Taking vowels out (Starting with “e” which is a commonly used vowel, and easiest to compensate might
be a good practice.)
2- Truncating the end of a word and using a period to indicate that the word is shortened.
List of some possible abbreviations:
Expression
Acceptable Abbreviation
kullanıcı
kull.
program
prg
yazıcı
yzc
yazdırma
yazd.
mesaj
msj
gönder
gndr/gönd.
Product names are never abbreviated.
Since Turkish phrases are generally longer than English phrases, there may be times when a shorter expression
is needed (in web graphics, headlines, etc.). In this case, when possible, the phrase should be re-written in a
different (and shorter) form, rather than using abbreviations. In most severe cases, hyphenation can be used to
avoid using abbreviations in a highly visible text.
Accessibility
33
Acronyms
Acronyms are words made up of the initial letters of major parts of a compound term. Some well-known examples
are WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get), OLE (Object Linking and Embedding), or RAM (Random
Access Memory).
Localized Acronyms
Most of the acronyms are left unlocalized in Turkish. There are only a few examples to localized acronyms:
Example: ÜYZ (OVR-overwrite), ABD (USA).
Unlocalized Acronyms
Most of the acronyms are not localized into Turkish, and they need to have suffixes according to Turkish grammar
rules. Here are the ways of handling unlocalized acronyms:
1- If the acronym can be read as a word (i.e. it includes vowels enough to read it as a word rather than just
letters), then it is suffixed according to the way of reading it.
2- If the acronym does not include any vowels, or it cannot be read as a word, then it is spelled letter by
letter, and suffix is attached according to the last letter.
3- Some product names (e.g. MSN), or commonly known acronyms (IP) can be read in English, and suffixed
accordingly.
Example: OLE’ye, CAL’ın, SMTP’ye, API’sinin, MSN’e, CNN’e.
Applications, Products, and Features
Application/product names are often trademarked or may be trademarked in the future and are therefore rarely
translated. Occasionally, feature names are trademarked, too (e.g. IntelliSense™). Before translating any
application, product, or feature name, please verify that it is in fact translatable and not protected in any way.
Frequent Errors
The main challenge in software translations into Turkish is handling of placeholders. Improper handling may
cause word order and grammar issues.
Example:
US Expression
Turkish Expression
Could not locate %s on server %s
(+) %s, %s sunucusunda
bulunamıyor.
(-) %s sunucusunda %s
bulunamıyor.
Comment
Placeholders are not numbered, so
they need to keep their original
positions in translation.
34
US Expression
Unable to delete %s
Turkish Expression
Content of the placeholder is
unknown, therefore no suffixes are
allowed.
(+) %s silinemiyor
(-) %s'yi silemiyor
%d items are deleted
Comment
(+) %d öğe silindi.
(-) %d öğeleri silindi.
Placeholder contains a number, so
the following word should not be in
plural form.
Glossaries
Recommended term glossaries are listed under the Informative and Normative References headings.
Fictitious Information
Fictitious content is legally sensitive material and as such cannot be handled as a pure terminology or localization
issue.
Recurring Patterns
US Expression
Turkish Expression
In the File menu, click Save As.
(+) Dosya menüsünde Farklı Kaydet’i tıklatın.
Click Start, point to Programs, then point to Accessories (+) BaĢlat'ı tıklatın, Programlar'ın ve Donatılar'ın
and then click Notepad.
üzerine gidip Not Defteri'ni tıklatın.
From the Options menu, choose Print.
(+) Seçenekler menüsünde Yazdır’ı seçin.
For more information, see "Indents and Paragraph
Borders," earlier in this chapter.
(+) Daha fazla bilgi için, bu bölümün baĢlangıcındaki
"Girintiler ve Paragraf Sınırları" kısmına bakın.
35
Standardized Translations
There are a number of standardized translations mentioned in all sections of this Style Guide. In order to find
them more easily, the most relevant topics and sections are compiled here for you reference.
Grammar, Syntax & Orthographic Conventions – Adjectives, Articles, Capitalization, Nouns, Preposition,
Pronouns, Punctuation, Singular & Plural, Symbols& Non-Breaking Spaces
Style and Tone Considerations – Style, Tone, Frequent Errors, Recurring Patterns
Unlocalized Items
Trademarked names and the name Microsoft Corporation shouldn’t be localized. A list of Microsoft trademarks is
available for your reference at the following location: http://www.microsoft.com/trademarks/t-mark/names.htm.
Apart from product names and most of the acronyms, some feature names and sector-specific terms can also be
preferred in English. However, in Turkish, commonly used terms are used in localized forms.
US Expression
Comment
Document and Settings
This folder name is unlocalized.
Program Files
This folder name is unlocalized.
Windows Update
This website name is used in unlocalized form.
Internet
Lowercase form is also unlocalized.
Web
Lowercase form is also unlocalized.
PC
Also can be translated as “bilgisayar.”
Hub
Proxy
Modem
Portal
Portlet
BackUp Operators
Group names in Windows are used in unlocalized form.
Shift
Key names that appear on keyboard buttons are used
in unlocalized form.
Alt
36
US Expression
Comment
Ctrl
Enter
Delete
End
Home
Caps Lock
Page Up
Page Down
Using the Word Microsoft
In English, it is prohibited to use MS as an abbreviation for Microsoft. This should also be respected in Turkish
translations.
The word Microsoft should be kept in translation if the source includes it.
37
Software Considerations
This section refers to all menus, menu items, commands, buttons, check boxes, etc., which should be consistently
translated in the localized product.
Refer to http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/aa511258.aspx for a detailed explanation of the Windows user interface
guidelines (English).
User Interface
There is an example of a localized UI in Turkish below. Since the Office Ribbon is a common UI element in Office
applications, overall consistency is a primary concern. Same elements should be translated in the same way
across all products.
UI (user interface) elements may have different functions based on their usage in an application. Menu options,
commands, button text, and check boxes are translated in imperative mood with second person singular, while
tooltips, explanatory labels, and information entry requests should be translated in imperative mood with second
person plural.
Below is a screenshot showing an informational text:
And here are some examples for these two different styles:
US Expression
Turkish Expression
Comment
Confirm your password:
(+) Parolanızı onaylayın:
This is a text box label addressing
the user.
(-) Parolayı onayla:
Choose the formatting style
(+) Biçimlendirme stilini seçin
(-) Biçimlendirme stilini seç
This is an explanatory text asking
the user to make a choice.
38
In this screenshot, menu items are translated in imperative mood with second person singular:
Here are the examples of imperative form with second person singular in UI elements:
US Expression
Turkish Expression
Open file
(+) Dosya aç
(-) Dosyayı açın
Select View
(+) Görünüm seç
(-) Görünüm seçin
Delete all upon exit
Comment
This is a button text
This is a menu item
(+) Çıkarken tümünü sil
(+) Çıkarken tümü silinsin
This is a checkbox
(-) Çıkarken tümünü silin
Tooltips can be problematic since sometimes a menu item can also be used as a tooltip. If this is the case,
imperative form in second person singular can be used. However, if a UI item is designated as tooltip, or a visual
check confirms this, then either present tense or imperative mood in second person plural should be used. For
tooltips that explain a function (what a UI item does), present tense with third person singular should be used.
However, for the tooltips that explain user what to do with a UI item, imperative mood with second person plural
should be preferred.
Example:
US Expression
Turkish Expression
Comment
Delete all records
(+) Tüm kayıtları siler
This is a tooltip explains a function.
(+) ArkadaĢlarınızla paylaĢın
This is also a tooltip, but this one
addresses the user.
Share with friends
39
In the screenshot below, you see an example of tooltip explaining how to use “Resim” button:
Window titles, task names and steps of wizards are translated in verbal noun form. It is also possible to use
imperative mood with second person plural in case user is addressed.
US Expression
Turkish Expression
Step 2: Change your password
(+) 2. adım: Parolanızı değiĢtirin
(+) 2. adım: Parolanızı değiĢtirme
Create a workspace
(+) ÇalıĢma alanı oluĢturma
Comment
This is a step in a wizard.
This is a task name.
Messages
There are several types of messages. Since they all address the user, and generally require an action, it is
important to keep them easy to understand. Complicated messages can be divided into parts to improve the
fluency in Turkish.
Status Messages
What is a Status Bar Message?
A status bar message is an informational message about the active document or a selected command as well as
about any active or selected interface item. Messages are shown in the status bar at the bottom of the window
when the user has chosen a menu, a command or any other item, or has started a function. The status bar
messages refer to actions being performed or already complete (for example in Outlook below).
40
Turkish Style in Status bar Messages
In English, the status bar messages have different forms dependent on the information they must convey. In
Turkish, menu and commands status bar messages should follow the format below.
Name
Edit
Copy to
Folder...
New
Turkish Name
(+) Düzen
(+) Klasöre Kopyala...
(+) Yeni
Category
English Status Bar
message
Turkish Status Bar
message
menu
Contains editing commands
(+) Düzenleme
komutlarını içerir
menu
Copies the selected items to
a new location
(+) Seçilen öğeleri yeni bir
konuma kopyalar
command
Creates a new document
(+) Yeni bir belge
oluĢturur
Make object visible?
(+) Nesne görünür
durumda mı?
Word is converting the
document. Press Esc to
stop.
(+) Word belgeyi
dönüĢtürüyor. Durdurmak
için Esc tuĢuna basın.
Datasheet View
(+) Veri Sayfası
Görünümü
Done
(+) Bitti
The importance of standardization
In the US product you can often find messages that are phrased differently even though they have the same
meaning. Try to avoid this in the localized Turkish version. Use one standard translation as in the examples
below:
English term
Correct Turkish translation
Press F1 to get Help
(+) Yardım almak için F1 tuĢuna basın.
If you want Help press F1
41
To get Help press F1
Not enough memory
(+) Yeterli bellek yok.
Insufficient memory
There is not enough memory
Save changes to %1?
(+) DeğiĢiklikler %1 dosyasına kaydedilsin mi?
Do you want to save changes to %1?
Error Messages
What Is An Error Message?
Here is an example:
Error messages are messages sent by the system or a program, informing the user that there is an error that
must be corrected in order for the program to keep running. For example, the messages can prompt the user to
take an action or inform the user of an error that requires rebooting the computer.
42
Turkish Style in Error Messages
It is important to use consistent terminology and language style in the localized error messages, and not just
translate as they appear in the US product.
Also, following the logical order of events rather than the original’s word order is important. Following the original
style too closely may cause fluency issues.
US Message Text
Turkish Message Text
The server cannot send email notifications because the
e-mail server cannot be contacted.
To enter your address, you should select your country.
(+) E-posta sunucusuyla iletiĢim kurulamadığından,
sunucu e-posta bildirimi gönderemiyor.
(-) Sunucu e-posta bildirimi gönderemiyor, çünkü eposta sunucusuyla iletiĢim kurulamıyor.
(+) Adresinizi girebilmek için önce ülkenizi seçmelisiniz.
(-) Adresinizi girmek için ülkenizi seçmelisiniz.
Standard Phrases in Error Messages
When translating standard phrases, standardize. Note that sometimes the US uses different forms to express the
same thing.
Examples:
English
Cannot …
Could not …
Failed to …
Failure of …
Translation
... yapılamıyor
... yapılamadı
Example
Comment
(+) Ġleti gönderilemiyor
Translation is provided
with “to do” verb. Only
the inflection part should
be regarded as standard.
Passive voice should be
employed for this kind of
expressions.
(+) Ġleti gönderilemedi.
Translation is provided
with “to do” verb. “To fail”
and the main verb of the
sentence are combined
into one Turkish verb
with proper suffixes.
Thus, only the inflection
part should be regarded
as standard. Passive
voice should be
43
English
Translation
Example
Comment
employed for this kind of
expressions.
Cannot find …
Could not find …
Unable to find …
... bulunamıyor
(+) Ġleti bulunamıyor
Unable to locate …
Only the inflection part
should be regarded as
standard. Passive voice
should be employed for
this example and similar
expressions.
Not enough memory
Insufficient memory
Bellek yetersiz
available
... is not available
... yok
... is unavailable
... kullanılamıyor
(+) EriĢim izni yok.
(+) Ağ paylaĢımı
kullanılamıyor.
There are two possible
translations for these
phrases since the verb
can change depending
on the subject.
Error Messages Containing Placeholders
When localizing error messages containing placeholders, try to find out what will replace the placeholder. This is
necessary for the sentence to be grammatically correct when the placeholder is replaced with a word or phrase.
Note that the letters used in placeholders convey a specific meaning, see examples below:
%d, %ld, %u, and %lu means <number>
%c means <letter>
%s means <string>
Examples of error messages containing placeholders:
"Checking Web %1!d! of %2!d!" means "Checking Web <number> of <number>".
"INI file "%1!-.200s!" section" means "INI file "<string>" section".
Check the information provided under Frequent Errors to see some common errors related to placeholders.
44
Keys
The keyboard is the primary input device used for text input in Microsoft Windows. For accessibility and efficiency,
most actions can be performed using the keyboard as well. While working with Microsoft software, you use keys,
key combinations and key sequences.
In English, References to key names, like arrow keys, function keys and numeric keys, appear in normal text (not
in small caps).This also applies to localized forms of these names.
Access Keys/Hot keys
Sometimes, there are underlined or highlighted letters in menu options, commands or dialog boxes. These letters
refer to access keys (also known as hot keys) that allow you to run commands, perform tasks, etc. more quickly.
Hot Key Special Options
Usage: Is It Allowed?
Notes
"Slim characters", such as I, l, t, r, f
can be used as hot key
yes
Characters with downstrokes, such
as g, j, y, p and q can be used as
hotkeys
yes
They are not preferred over
“upstroke” characters.
Extended characters can be used as
hotkeys
yes
They are not preferred over Latin
characters.
An additional letter, appearing
between brackets after item name,
can be used as hotkeys
yes
They are not preferred over other
characters.
45
Hot Key Special Options
Usage: Is It Allowed?
Notes
A number, appearing between
brackets after item name, can be
used as hotkey
yes
characters.
A punctuation sign, appearing
between brackets after item name,
can be used as hotkey
yes
characters.
Duplicate hotkeys are allowed when
no other character is available
yes
No hotkey is assigned when no more yes
characters are available (minor
options only)
Additional notes: n/a
Arrow Keys
The arrow keys move input focus among the controls within a group. Pressing the right arrow key moves input
focus to the next control in tab order, whereas pressing the left arrow moves input focus to the previous control.
Home, End, Up, and Down also have their expected behavior within a group. Users can't navigate out of a control
group using arrow keys.
Numeric Keypad
It is recommended that you avoid distinguishing numeric keypad keys from the other keys, unless it is required by
a given application. In case which keys to be pressed is not obvious, provide necessary explanations.
Shortcut Keys
Shortcut keys are keystrokes or combinations of keystrokes used to perform defined functions in a software
application. Shortcut keys replace menu commands and they are sometimes given next to the command they
represent. In opposition to the access keys, which can be used only when available on the screen, shortcut keys
can be used even when they are not accessible on the screen.
46
Standard Shortcut Keys
US
Command
US English
Shortcut Key
Turkish
Command
Turkish
Shortcut key
General Windows Shortcut keys
Help window
F1
Yardım penceresi
F1
Context-sensitive Help
Shift+F1
Bağlama uygun Yardım
Shift+F1
Display pop-up menu
Shift+F10
Açılır menü görüntüle
Shift+F10
Cancel
Esc
Ġptal
Esc
Activate\Deactivate menu
bar mode
F10
Menü çubuğu modunu
etkinleĢtir/devre dıĢı bırak
F10
Switch to the next primary
application
Alt+Tab
Sonraki ana uygulamaya geç
Alt+Sekme
Display next window
Alt+Esc
Sonraki pencereyi görüntüle
Alt+Esc
Display pop-up menu for the
window
Alt+Spacebar
Pencere için açılır menü görüntüle
Alt+BoĢluk
Display pop-up menu for the
active child window
Alt+-
Etkin alt pencere için açılır menü
görüntüle
Alt+-
Display property sheet for
current selection
Alt+Enter
Geçerli seçim için özellik sayfası
görüntüle
Alt+Enter
Close active application
window
Alt+F4
Etkin uygulama penceresini kapat
Alt+F4
Switch to next window within
(modeless-compliant)
application
Alt+F6
Uygulama içinde sonraki
(bağımsız) pencereye geç
Alt+F6
Capture active window
image to the Clipboard
Alt+PrntScrn
Etkin pencere görüntüsünü
Panoya kopyala
Alt+PrntScrn
Capture desktop image to
the Clipboard
PrntScrn
Masaüstü görüntüsünü Panoya
kopyala
PrntScrn
Access Start button in
taskbar
Ctrl+Esc
Görev çubuğunda BaĢlat
düğmesini etkinleĢtir
Ctrl+Esc
Display next child window
Ctrl+F6
Sonraki alt pencereyi görüntüle
Ctrl+F6
Display next tabbed pane
Ctrl+Tab
Sonraki sekmeli bölmeyi görüntüle
Ctrl+Sekme
Launch Task Manager and
Ctrl+Shift+Esc
Görev Yöneticisi’ni ve sistem
Ctrl+Shift+Esc
47
US
Command
US English
Shortcut Key
Turkish
Command
Turkish
Shortcut key
baĢlatma iĢlemini baĢlat
system initialization
File Menu
File New
Ctrl+N
Dosya - Yeni
Ctrl+N
File Open
Ctrl+O
Dosya - Aç
Ctrl+O
File Close
Ctrl+F4
Dosya - Kapat
Ctrl+F4
File Save
Ctrl+S
Dosya - Kaydet
Ctrl+S
File Save as
F12
Dosya - Farklı Kaydet
F12
File Print Preview
Ctrl+F2
Dosya - Baskı Önizleme
Ctrl+F2
File Print
Ctrl+P
Dosya - Yazdır
Ctrl+P
File Exit
Alt+F4
Dosya - ÇıkıĢ
Alt+F4
Edit Menu
Edit Undo
Ctrl+Z
Düzen - Geri Al
Ctrl+Z
Edit Repeat
Ctrl+Y
Düzen - Yinele
Ctrl+Y
Edit Cut
Ctrl+X
Düzen - Kes
Ctrl+X
Edit Copy
Ctrl+C
Düzen - Kopyala
Ctrl+C
Edit Paste
Ctrl+V
Düzen - YapıĢtır
Ctrl+V
Edit Delete
Ctrl+Backspace
Düzen - Sil
Ctrl+Geri al
Edit Select All
Ctrl+A
Düzen - Tümünü Seç
Ctrl+A
Edit Find
Ctrl+F
Düzen - Bul
Ctrl+F
Edit Replace
Ctrl+H
Düzen - DeğiĢtir
Ctrl+H
Edit Go To
Ctrl+B
Düzen - Git
Ctrl+B
Help Menu
Help
F1
Yardım
F1
Font Format
Italic
Ctrl+I
Ġtalik
Ctrl+T
Bold
Ctrl+G
Kalın
Ctrl+K
Underlined\Word underline
Ctrl+U
Altı çizili
Ctrl+A
48
US
Command
US English
Shortcut Key
Turkish
Command
Turkish
Shortcut key
Large caps
Ctrl+Shift+A
Tümü büyük harf
Ctrl+Shift+F
Small caps
Ctrl+Shift+K
Küçük büyük harf
Ctrl+Shift+I
Paragraph Format
Centered
Ctrl+E
OrtalanmıĢ
Ctrl+R
Left aligned
Ctrl+L
Sola hizalanmıĢ
Ctrl+L
Right aligned
Ctrl+R
Sağa hizalanmıĢ
Ctrl+R
Justified
Ctrl+J
YaslanmıĢ
Ctrl+D
49
Document Translation Considerations
Document localization may require some specific considerations that are different from software localization. This
section covers a few of these areas.
Titles
In English the titles for chapters usually begin with "How to …" or with phrases such as "Working with …" or
"Using …".In the Turkish version of Microsoft documentation, these should be translated in verbal noun form.
Example:
US Expression
Turkish Expression
How To Set Up Your Device
(+) Aygıtınızı Ayarlama
(-) Aygıtınızı Ayarlamak
(-) Aygıtı Ayarla
Comment
Preferred style in titles is not the “mek/-mak” form.
Cross References
Cross references provide the user links/addresses to additional information about a subject matter. General style
used for providing these references in documentation is as follows:
Example:
US Expression
Turkish Expression
See Chapter 28, “Using Bullets”.
(+) Bkz. Bölüm 28, “Madde
ĠĢaretlerini Kullanma”.
(-) Bkz. “Madde ĠĢaretlerini
Kullanma” adlı Bölüm 28.
For details about how frames are
displayed in other views, see
“Displaying Frames in Different
Views,” later in this chapter.
(+) Farklı görünümlerde çerçevelerin
nasıl görüntülendikleri hakkında
ayrıntılı bilgi için, bu bölümün
sonundaki "Çerçeveleri Farklı
Görünümlerde Görüntüleme"
kısmına bakın.
(-) Farklı görünümlerde çerçevelerin
nasıl görüntülendikleri hakkında
ayrıntılı bilgi için, bkz. bu bölümün
sonundaki "Çerçeveleri Farklı
Görünümlerde Görüntüleme".
Comment
Abbreviated form, “bkz.” is
applicable for this sentence.
Short form is not suitable here; this
sentence should be written without
using the abbreviation for “see”.
50
Copyright
Copyright protection is granted to any original work of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression from
which it can be perceived, reproduced, or communicated.
51

Turkish Style Guide

Transkript

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