Islam and the Moral Economy: The Cha - Assets

Islam and the Moral Economy: The Cha - Assets

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0521682444 - Islam and the Moral Economy: The Challenge of Capitalism
Charles Tripp
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‘Abd al-Nasir, Gamal (Nasser) 51, 69, 77,
80, 81, 83, 86, 87, 94, 95, 100, 136,
155, 197
‘Abduh, Muhammad 20, 21, 25, 34, 41, 127,
128, 133
Abu Hanifah, al-Nu’man ibn Thabit 72
Abu Zahra, Muhammad 89
Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi (AKP) 9
al-Afghani, Jamal al-Din 19–20, 26, 27,
33–4, 37, 40, 79, 100
Refutation of the Materialists 33
Socialism in Islam 33
Aktas, Cihan 152–3
‘Ali, Syed Ameer 40
Aligarh 26
Amin, Qasim 172
Antun, Farah 35
al-‘Aqqad, ‘Abbas 154
al-‘Arabi, Muhammad
‘Abdallah 73, 84
‘Arif, ‘Abd al-Salam 69
Aristotle 64, 126
Arslan, Shakib 25
Ataseven, Gülsen 178
‘Atiyah, Bakri 124
Atta, Muhammad 189–90
al-‘Attar, ‘Isam 100
al-‘Awadi, Rif‘at al-Sayyid 111, 112, 116
‘Awdah, ‘Abd al-Qadir 51, 57, 58–61, 63, 67,
101, 154
al-‘Awwa, Muhammad 82
Al-Azhar 75, 118, 133, 146
al-Azhar, Shaikh 80, 132
al-‘Azm, Rafiq 21, 27, 35, 37
‘Azzam, ‘Abdallah 185
al-Baghawi, al-Husain ibn Mas‘ud 66
al-Bahi, Muhammad 92, 95
al-Ba‘li, ‘Abd al-Hamid Mahmud 110, 121
Bali bombing (2002) 192
Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad 137
Bank Misr (1981) 146
Bank Misr/Misr Group 30–1
Bank of Local Deposits (Mit Ghamr)
136
al-Banna, Hasan 51, 101,
172, 176
al-Barrawi, Rashid 112
Bazargan, Mehdi 69
bin Ladin, ‘Usama 186
al-Bishri, Tariq 116, 120–1
BNP Parisbas 147
‘Bojinka Plot’ (1994) 192
Braudel, Fernand 2
Brenner, Robert 3
capitalism
characteristics of 2–4, 179
critiques of 7–8, 79, 84, 135–6, 195
and gender 168
Cevdet, Abdullah 39
chador 177
Chase International Bank 1
Citibank 1, 146
commodification 4–5, 65, 66–7, 84, 95,
97, 105, 106, 142, 159, 170, 175, 178,
189, 192, 197, 200
commodities 3–5, 150, 177, 199
communism 46–7, 55, 80, 86, 97–9, 111, 122,
158, 160
Comte, Auguste 19
Co-operative Bank (UK) 147
Council of Islamic Ideology report
(1983) 131
Da‘bas, al-Hamza 132
Dar al-‘Ulum 17
Al-Da‘wah (Egypt) 132
derivatives 144
Deutsche Bank 146
Djewdet Pasha, Ahmad 38–9
Dubai Islamic Bank 137–8
al-Dumi, Ahmad 115
Durkheim, Emile 19, 21, 41
225
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0521682444 - Islam and the Moral Economy: The Challenge of Capitalism
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Index
economic development 113–18, 119–20,
125, 138, 166
economics
discipline of 104–9, 110–11, 112–13, 116,
148, 198–9
neo-liberal 115, 148, 195–6
education 38–43
and the individual 41
and social cohesion 41–2
technical and moral 38
Egypt 6, 9, 184
land reforms and nationalisations 82, 83–4,
90, 95–6
massacre of tourists at Luxor (1997) 188
National Charter (1962) 96
nineteenth-century writers in 17–18
post office savings fund 127, 128, 129, 147
property regime in 59–60, 189–90
state 78–9, 81, 82–3, 87, 92, 94–7, 100, 101,
103, 136, 146
Eraslan, Sibel 178
exchange 4–5, 65–6, 105, 106–7
Faisal Islamic Bank 139
al-Fanjari, Muhammad Shawqi 110, 112, 120,
121, 142
al-Farag, Muhammad 185
Al-Faridah al-gha’ibah 185
Front de Libération Nationale (FLN) (Algeria)
80, 100
functionalism 52
and Islamic thought 19, 68, 196
and nineteenth-century thought 18–22
and organic analogy 19–20, 55, 93
gender discourses 167–80
al-Ghaffari, Abu al-Dharr 70, 71, 164
Ghallab, Muhammad 87
al-Ghannoushi, Rashid 172
al-Ghazzali, ‘Abd al-Hamid 132
al-Ghazzali, Abu Hamid Muhammad 73,
89, 94
al-Ghazzali, Muhammad 67, 84, 91, 95, 97
al-Ghazzali, Zainab 172, 176
gold dinar 8
‘guarded sphere’ 9–10, 50, 151, 158, 180,
191, 193
Haddad, Niqula 37
Halim Pasha, Said 36
Hanafi, Hasan 100–1
Harb, Tal‘at 6, 30–1
hawalah 6
Hawwa, Sa‘id 91
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Higher Institute of Islamic Economics
(Egypt) 118
hijab 177
Homo economicus 124
Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation
(HSBC) 146
Istanbul bombing of (2003) 192
human nature 105–6, 107, 108–9, 112, 115,
121, 124
Ibn Khaldun, ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn
Muhammad 17
and European sociology 20
Ibn Qayyim (al-Jawziyah) 121
Ibn Rushd, Abu al-Walid 66
Ibn Taimiyah, Ahmad ibn ‘Abd al-Halim
25, 73
Ibrahim, ‘Abd al-Fattah 128
Ibrahim, Shaikh Ahmad 121
idealism 52–3, 152–3, 195, 198
imperialism 13–14, 25, 33, 133, 160, 171
India 22, 26, 40
‘Wahhabi’ movement in 32, 183
individualism 48, 52–4, 55, 97, 98, 101, 119,
104–5
Institute of Islamic Understanding (IKIM) 117
International Association of Islamic Banks
(IAIB) 138, 144–5
International Islamic University Malaysia
(IIUM) 117
International Monetary Fund (IMF) 141
internet 190–1
Iqbal, Muhammad 36–7, 38, 85
Reconstruction of Religious Thought in
Islam 36
Iran 125, 141, 158, 170, 174–5, 178–9,
183, 197
‘islamisation’ of banking system in 141
1979 Constitution 175
Pahlavi state 164, 165, 175
Islamic ‘alphabet’ 11–12, 102, 149, 151, 152,
159, 190–1, 194–5, 200–1
Islamic Bank of Britain 134
Islamic banking 9, 67–8, 104, 105,
133–49, 150, 199
Islamic Banking and Finance Institute
Malaysia (IBFIM) 117
Islamic calculus 123–4
Islamic Development Bank (IDB) 137
Islamic Economic Foundation (Malaysia) 117
Islamic economics 67, 69, 103, 118, 119,
122–4, 148, 150, 198–9
Islamic feminism 178–9
Islamic finance houses (Egypt) 144
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0521682444 - Islam and the Moral Economy: The Challenge of Capitalism
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Islamic history, readings of 70–1, 78, 99,
127–8, 154–5
Islamic mortgages 134
Islamic Party of Malaysia (PAS) 117
Islamic personality/Homo islamicus 121–3,
135, 157–8, 167, 169, 199–200
Islamic sociability 85, 92–4, 95, 97–101, 148
istishan 69, 72
istislah 69, 72
al-Jabarti, ‘Abd al-Rahman 15
Jadd al-Haqq, Shaikh Jadd al-Haqq ‘Ali 132
jahiliyah 53, 153, 155, 156–8, 183
Jamaat-e Islami (Pakistan) 74
Al-Jama‘at al-Islamiyah (Egypt) 9
Java 6
jihad 182, 185, 188, 189, 200
Al-Jihad (Egypt) 182, 185
al-Jurjani, ‘Ali ibn Muhammad 66
al-Kawakabi, ‘Abd al-Rahman 36, 37, 79
Kazim Efendi, Musa 39
Keynes, John Maynard 115
Khalid, Khalid Muhammad 63, 114
Khallaf, ‘Abd al-Wahhab 68, 121
Khan, Malkam 22, 25
Khan, Syed Ahmed 22, 26–7, 33, 42
kharaj 112
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah 82, 171, 175
al-Khuli, Bahi 81, 84, 88
Le Bon, Gustave 20–1
Luddites 183
al-Madani, Shaikh Muhammad 95
Malaysia 116–17, 125, 136
Al-Manar (Egypt) 127
Mandeville, Bernard 105
al-Mansuri, Hasanain 37
markets 3–4, 106–7, 109, 142, 146–7, 149,
150, 170, 180, 199
al-Marsafi, Husain 17, 20, 42
martyrdom 187, 188
Marx, Karl 19, 64, 67, 108, 159
al-masalih al-mursalah 69, 72, 101, 130
maslahah 94, 123
and social utility 24–6, 49–51, 68–76, 86,
88–9, 91, 119, 120–1, 129
al-Mat‘ani, ‘Abd al-‘Azim 133
materialism 98–9, 101, 102, 104, 106, 109,
120, 149, 152, 153, 158, 159, 165–6,
179, 198
Mawdudi, Abul A‘la 51, 69, 154, 155, 170,
172, 182, 183
Mill, John Stuart 27
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Minbar al-Islam (Egypt) 84, 89
Mitchell, Tim 17
Mohamed, Mahathir 116–17
mojahed 163–5
money 5, 64–8, 132
in pre-capitalist societies 64–5
moral dangers of 64–6, 126, 133
social disembedding capacity of 66, 68
moral economy 5–6, 31–8, 43–4, 47, 65–6,
84–6, 92–7, 102, 103, 124–33, 148, 149,
159, 198, 201
Morris, William 48
Motahhari, Ayatollah Morteza 174
movahed 163
mudarabah 139, 142–3
Muhammad, Yusuf Kamal 120, 123
muhtasib 106, 118
mujahidin 186, 187
murabahah 143
Al-Murabitun 8
musharakah 139, 142–3
Muslim Brotherhood (Egypt) 46, 48, 49, 51,
52, 54, 57, 74, 83, 87, 95, 113, 132, 176
Muslim Brotherhood (Syria) 94, 100
Muslim communities in Europe 134
Al-Muslimun (Egypt) 155
Muslim Women’s Association (Egypt) 176
Mustafa, Shukri 184
mu‘tazilah 92, 101
mutual social responsibility 55–6, 92–4, 99,
101, 125
al-Nabhani, Taqi al-Din 91
Nadvi, Abu-l-Hasan ‘Ali 154, 155
al-Najjar, Ahmad 136, 145
Nasr, Sayyid Vali Reza 117
National Islamic Front (Sudan) 140
nationalism 88, 176
Nimr, Shaikh ‘Abd al-Mun‘im 128
Nuri, Ayatollah Yahya 174
Nursi, Said 38, 53
Organisation of Islamic Conference (OIC)
131, 137
Ottoman Empire 13–15, 22, 27, 33, 59
Board of Useful Affairs 14
Commercial Treaty with Great Britain
(1838) 14
nineteenth-century reforms and reformers
13–14, 28, 42–3
Sultan Mahmud 13
Pakistan 125, 136, 140
President Zia ul-Haq 140
Philipp, Thomas 111
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Index
positivism 75–6
profit motive 67, 86, 106–7, 127, 141–2,
143–4, 150, 192, 199, 200
promissory note 66
property
and Islamic fiqh 23–5, 49, 58, 70,
104, 124–5
laws reforming ownership of 23, 28
new understandings of 29–30, 62–3
private ownership of 28, 53, 54–5, 59–60,
81, 86, 87–8, 90, 94, 96, 100, 101, 159,
161, 180, 197
and prosperity 22–3
‘social function’ of 29–30, 56–64,
69–70, 84, 87–8, 92, 119, 138, 197
and the state 28–9, 50–1, 69, 86–8, 90
Prophet Muhammad 52, 54, 63, 65, 70, 71, 81,
99, 100, 124
Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph 2
public interest 91–2
purdah 170, 172
Al-Qa’idah 186–7, 190
Qajar Empire 20
Amir-i Kabir 14
al-Qardawi, Yusuf 83, 89, 144
al-Qasimi, Jamal al-Din 19, 22
Al-Qiyam al-Islamiyah (Algeria) 81
Qur’anic exegesis 49–50, 68–9, 71–3, 74–6,
88–9, 154–5, 156–8, 159–61,
164–5, 173–5
Qutb, Sayyid 48–9, 51, 63, 69, 81, 83,
92, 150, 152–8, 160, 163,
165, 167, 193
Fi zilal al-Qur’an 75, 153–5, 173
and gender issues 169–70, 172, 173–4, 179
Ma‘alim fi al-tariq 156–8
Al-Rajhi Banking and Investment
Corporation 140
Al-Rayyan (Egypt) 144
al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din Muhammad ibn
‘Umar 66
Religious Reform Party (Turkey) 36
riba 66, 95, 112, 124, 126–33, 139,
143, 145
prohibition of 26, 30, 95, 126, 141
Rida, Rashid 34, 66, 79, 127, 129
sadd al-dhara’i‘ 69, 72
al-Sadr, Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir
109–10, 112, 114–15, 118, 120, 121–3,
124, 149
Al-Bank al-la-ribawi fi al-islam 134–5
Iqtisaduna 135
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salafiyin 40
Salih, Sa‘ad Ibrahim 112
al-Salus, ‘Ali 120
Sarekat Islam 6
Sarhan, ‘Abd al-Hamid 115
Sartre, Jean-Paul 160
Saudi Arabia 137, 140, 170, 186
King Faisal 137, 197
al-Sa‘ud, Prince Muhammad al-Faisal 139
Shaltut, Shaikh Mahmud 80, 86, 87, 92, 129
al-Sharabasi, Ahmad 92, 93
shari‘ah boards 144, 146
Shari‘ati, Ali 85, 150–1, 152–3, 158–67
Cain and Abel metaphor 153, 160–1
Fatima Fatima ast 179
and gender issues 169, 179
Islam-shinasi 165
and Marxism 165–6
and revolutionary vanguard 163–5
and roshanfikran 161–3
and violence 163–5, 187, 193
al-Shatibi, Ibrahim ibn Musa 121
shi‘ism 158, 160, 164
shirk 163
al-Siba‘i, Mustafa 67, 79, 84, 94, 96, 101
Sihwarwi, Hifz al-Rahman 69
Smith, Adam 105, 107
social justice 69, 95, 120, 123
social solidarity 48–9, 51–6, 92–3, 94, 99
socialism
Christian 48, 53, 93
Fabian 63, 81, 93
‘God-worshipping’ (Iran) 63, 74
Islamic 33–4, 36, 63, 71, 79, 80–95, 96, 97,
99–101, 103, 119, 150
state 86, 96–7, 101, 119
Utopian 53
society
class-based 54–5, 160–1
Islamic/Muslim 56, 58, 60, 67, 73, 88, 94,
102, 104, 122, 148, 153, 166, 168–9, 171,
172, 175, 176, 197
neologisms to describe 16–18, 196
theories of 15–22, 52, 85, 93, 121, 161,
195–7
Spencer, Herbert 20
state
role of 76, 77–9, 96–7, 100, 101, 102, 103,
181, 195–6, 197–8
Islamic 82, 197, 198
secular logic of 8, 77, 80–1, 82, 91–2, 97,
99–102, 181, 183
stock exchange
London 149
New York 149
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0521682444 - Islam and the Moral Economy: The Challenge of Capitalism
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Sudan 140–1, 183
President Ja‘far al-Nimairi 140
‘September Laws’ (1983) 140
Zakat Tax Act (1984) 140
al-Sufi, Shaikh Bakri 133
suftajah (bill of exchange) 66
symbolic action 151, 153, 159–60, 164, 168–9,
177, 179–80, 181–5, 190–3, 200
Tabung Haji/Pilgrims’ Management and Fund
Board (Malaysia) 136
Taftazani, Mas‘ud ibn ‘Umar 66
al-Tahtawi, Rifa‘ah Rafi‘ 18, 20, 22,
24–5
Al-Takfir wa-l-Hijrah (Egypt) 184
Taleqani, Ayatollah 51, 67
Taliban (Afghanistan) 170
Tantawi, Shaikh Muhammad Sayyid 129–32,
145, 147
technology and values 13–14, 90–1
Tönnies, Ferdinand 18
transnational networks 190–2
al-Tufi, Sulaiman ibn ‘Abd al-Qawi 25
al-Tunisi, Khair al-Din 22, 27
al-Turabi, Hasan 82
Turkey 9, 178–9
Union de Banques Suisses (UBS) 146
United Malays National Organisation
(UMNO) 117
‘urf 69, 72
‘ushr 112
‘Usmani, Shaikh Muhammad Taqi 144
utilitarianism 25–8, 101, 106, 108–9,
123, 153, 199
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violence 10, 166–7, 180–93
and capitalism 180–2, 184, 189–90
instrumental 182–3
and narrative 181–2
symbolic 181–5, 186–9
Wafi, ‘Ali ‘Abd al-Wahid 81
wali al-amr 81, 87–8
Wallerstein, Immanuel 3
Wasfi, Mustafa Kamal 119
Wasil, Shaikh Nasr Farid 130
women
and education 172–3
and the family 171–2
and ijtihad 172–3, 174, 177–9
and Islamic order 170–5
and the labour market 172–3
roles assigned to 10, 168–9,
170, 173–5, 200
and self-affirmation 169,
176–80, 193
and sexuality 170–1, 174–5, 193
World Trade Center, New York 1, 186,
188–9, 192
Young Ottomans 21, 25, 37
Young Turks 21, 25, 37, 39, 40
Yusri, ‘Abd al-Rahman 118
Zaid, Mustafa 68
zakat 56–7, 67, 84, 88, 95, 112, 118, 124–6,
136, 139
in Pakistan 140
in Sudan 140
al-Zawahiri, Ayman 186
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