COMCEC AGRICULTURE OUTLOOK 2015

Transkript

Standing Committee
for Economic and Commercial Cooperation
of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (COMCEC)
COMCEC AGRICULTURE OUTLOOK 2015
COMCEC COORDINATION OFFICE
October 2015
Standing Committee
for Economic and Commercial Cooperation
of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (COMCEC)
COMCEC
AGRICULTURE OUTLOOK 2015
COMCEC COORDINATION OFFICE
October 2015
For further information please contact:
COMCEC Coordination Office
Necatibey Caddesi No:110/A
06100 Yücetepe
Ankara/TURKEY
Phone : 90 312 294 57 10
Fax
: 90 312 294 57 77
Web : www.comcec.org
e-mail:[email protected]
Preface
COMCEC Strategy adopted during the 4th Extraordinary Islamic Summit held in Makkah AlMukarramah on 14-15 August 2012, envisages Working Group Meetings as one of the
instruments for its implementation. Through the Working Groups, experts from the member
countries get the chance of elaborating the issues thoroughly in the respective cooperation
areas and sharing their good practices, views and experiences. The Working Groups are
established for each cooperation area defined by the Strategy, namely Trade, Transport and
Communication, Tourism, Agriculture, Poverty Alleviation, and Finance.
The COMCEC Outlooks are prepared in each cooperation area of the Strategy with a view to
exploring the global trends and current situation in the COMCEC Region in the respective area
and enrich discussions during the Working Groups Meetings by providing up-to-date data and
analysis.
This COMCEC Agriculture Outlook 2015 is prepared by Mr. E. Emrah HATUNOGLU and Mr.
Mustafa Adil SAYAR, Experts at the COMCEC Coordination Office with the objective of
providing general information on the status of agricultural sector in the Member States. It aims
to be a commonly referred handbook for decision makers and other users; to identify the
relationships between agriculture sector and other sectors; to be a source for monitoring and
evaluation of current agricultural policies and to assist in formulation better policies in the
Member Countries by combining various data and statistics published or held by different
institutions. This document also dwells on the major issues with regard to agricultural sector
development and makes comparisons with the different country groupings to demonstrate the
situation in the Member States and thus cooperation potential.
Views and opinions expressed in the report are solely those of the authors and do not
represent the official views of the COMCEC Coordination Office or the Member States of the
Organization of Islamic Cooperation. Excerpts from the report can be made as long as
references are provided. All intellectual and industrial property rights for the report belong to
the COMCEC Coordination Office. This report is for individual use and it shall not be used for
commercial purposes. Except for purposes of individual use, this report shall not be
reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including printing,
photocopying, CD recording, or by any physical or electronic reproduction system, or
translated and provided to the access of any subscriber through electronic means for
commercial purposes without the permission of the COMCEC Coordination Office.
i
Table of Contents
Preface ...................................................................................................................................................................................i
Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................................ ii
List of Tables .................................................................................................................................................................... iii
List of Figures .................................................................................................................................................................. iii
List of Annexes ................................................................................................................................................................ iv
Acronyms and Abbreviations......................................................................................................................................v
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1
1. Macro Agricultural Indicators .......................................................................................................................... 2
1.1.
Agricultural Value Added ........................................................................................................................ 2
1.2.
Growth Rates ................................................................................................................................................ 7
1.3.
Population...................................................................................................................................................... 9
1.4.
Employment................................................................................................................................................10
1.5.
Trade ..............................................................................................................................................................12
2. Sectoral Indicators ..............................................................................................................................................15
2.1.
Land Use .......................................................................................................................................................15
2.2.
Crop Productions ......................................................................................................................................17
2.3.
Agricultural Productivity.......................................................................................................................19
2.3.1.
Land Productivity ...........................................................................................................................19
2.3.2.
Labor Productivity .........................................................................................................................20
2.3.3.
Crop Yields ........................................................................................................................................22
2.4.
Irrigation ......................................................................................................................................................24
2.5.
Fertilizer .......................................................................................................................................................29
2.6.
Mechanization ............................................................................................................................................30
3. The State of Food Insecurity ...........................................................................................................................31
3.1.
Availability...................................................................................................................................................32
3.2.
Access ............................................................................................................................................................37
3.3.
Utilization.....................................................................................................................................................40
3.4.
Stability .........................................................................................................................................................41
3.5.
Food Security Index .................................................................................................................................42
3.6.
Food Losses and Wastes ........................................................................................................................44
4. Agricultural Cooperation under the COMCEC .........................................................................................47
Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................................51
References ........................................................................................................................................................................53
Annexes .............................................................................................................................................................................55
ii
List of Tables
Table 1. Agricultural GDP Rankings in the OIC................................................................................................................ 6
Table 2. Comparison of Agricultural Growth and Economic Growth in the OIC and World ........................ 8
Table 3. Comparison of Agricultural Growth and Economic Growth in the OIC by Sub-Region................ 8
Table 4. Population Growth Rate in the OIC and in the World ................................................................................. 9
Table 5. Land Use in the OIC and its Share in the World, 2012 .............................................................................. 16
Table 6. The Share of Land Use in the OIC by Sub-Regions, 2012 ......................................................................... 16
Table 7. Renewable Water-Rich OIC Member Countries .......................................................................................... 27
Table 8. Renewable Water-Poor OIC Member Countries.......................................................................................... 28
Table 9. Global Food Security Index................................................................................................................................... 43
List of Figures
Figure 1. OIC Agricultural GDP and its Share in the World .........................................................................................3
Figure 2. Agricultural GDP by Sub-Regions and their Share ...................................................................................... 4
Figure 3. Share of Agricultural GDP in the OIC and World .......................................................................................... 5
Figure 4. Share of Agricultural GDP in Total GDP by Sub-Regions .......................................................................... 6
Figure 5. Agricultural Growths in the OIC and World ................................................................................................... 7
Figure 6. Share of Agricultural Population in the OIC ................................................................................................ 10
Figure 7. Agricultural and Total Employment in the OIC.......................................................................................... 11
Figure 8. Share of Agricultural Employment in the OIC and World ..................................................................... 12
Figure 9. Agricultural Exports and Imports in the OIC .............................................................................................. 13
Figure 10. OIC Agricultural Trade Performance in the World ................................................................................ 13
Figure 11. Agricultural Trade Balance in the OIC by Sub-Regions, 2012........................................................... 14
Figure 12. Crops Production in the OIC and its Share in the World ..................................................................... 17
Figure 13. Meat Production in the OIC and its Share in the World ....................................................................... 18
Figure 14. Land Productivity in the OIC and World .................................................................................................... 19
Figure 15. Land Productivity in the OIC by Sub-Regions .......................................................................................... 20
Figure 16. Labor Productivity in the OIC and World .................................................................................................. 21
Figure 17. Labor Productivity in the OIC by Sub-Regions ........................................................................................ 21
Figure 18. Wheat Yield in the OIC and World ................................................................................................................ 22
Figure 19. Maize Yield in the OIC and World ................................................................................................................. 23
Figure 20. Cotton Yield in the OIC and World ................................................................................................................ 24
Figure 21. Renewable Water Potential in the World (2013-2017) ...................................................................... 25
Figure 22. Renewable Water Potential in the OIC by Sub-Regions ...................................................................... 26
Figure 23. Fertilizer Use in the OIC and World (2012, kg/ha) ............................................................................... 29
Figure 24. Fertilizer Use in the OIC by Sub-Regions .................................................................................................. 30
Figure 25. Average Dietary Energy Supply Adequacy in the OIC and World ................................................... 32
Figure 26. Average Dietary Energy Supply Adequacy in the OIC by Sub-Regions ......................................... 33
Figure 27. Average Value of Food Production in the OIC and World ................................................................... 33
Figure 28. Average Value of Food Production in the OIC by Sub-Regions......................................................... 34
Figure 29. Average Protein Supply in the OIC and World ........................................................................................ 35
Figure 30. Average Protein Supply in the OIC by Sub-Regions .............................................................................. 35
iii
Figure 31. Undernourished People in the OIC and its Share in the World ........................................................ 36
Figure 32. Undernourished People in the OIC by Sub-Regions .............................................................................. 37
Figure 33. GDP Per Capita in the OIC and World .......................................................................................................... 38
Figure 34. GDP Per Capita in the OIC by Sub-Regions ................................................................................................ 39
Figure 35. Access to Improved Water Sources in the OIC and World ................................................................. 40
Figure 36. Access to Improved Water Sources in the OIC by Sub-Regions ....................................................... 41
Figure 37. Share of Total Food Loss and Waste by Stage in the Value Chain (2009).................................... 45
Figure 38. Share of Stages in Value Chain in Food Lost or Wasted by Region ................................................. 46
List of Annexes
Annex 1: The Official 3 Regional Groups of the OIC Member States* .................................................................. 55
Annex 2: Value Added, Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing in the OIC Member Countries and SubRegions Current Prices Value million US Dollars ......................................................................................................... 56
Annex 3: Agricultural GDP Share of Member Countries in the OIC (%) ............................................................. 57
Annex 4: Total GDP/breakdown at current prices in million US Dollars........................................................... 58
Annex 5: Value Added, Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing in the OIC Member Countries at
constant 2005 prices in million US Dollars ..................................................................................................................... 59
Annex 6: Total GDP/breakdown at constant 2005 prices in US Dollars ............................................................ 60
Annex 7: Total Population ...................................................................................................................................................... 61
Annex 8: Agricultural Population (Thousands) ............................................................................................................ 62
Annex 9: Economically Active Worker in Agriculture (Thousands) .................................................................... 63
Annex 10:Total economically active population (1000) ........................................................................................... 64
Annex 11: Agricultural Products Total Export Value (Thousand US Dollars) ................................................. 65
Annex 12: Agricultural Products Total Import Value (Thousand US Dollars) ................................................. 66
Annex 13: Agricultural Products Trade Balance (Thousand US Dollars) .......................................................... 67
Annex 14: Land Use in the OIC Member Countries (2012)- Area 1000 Ha ....................................................... 68
Annex 15: Cereals Total Production (tonnes)................................................................................................................ 69
Annex 16: Oilcrops Primary Production (tonnes) ....................................................................................................... 70
Annex 17: Fruit excl Melons,Total Production (tonnes) ........................................................................................... 71
Annex 18: Vegetables&Melons, Total Production (tonnes) ..................................................................................... 72
Annex 19: Beef and Buffalo Meat Production (tonnes) ............................................................................................. 73
Annex 20: Meat, Poultry Production (tonnes) ............................................................................................................... 74
Annex 21: Sheep and Goat Meat Production (tonnes) ............................................................................................... 75
Annex 22: Agricultural Productivity( Agr. GDP/Arable Land) (US Dollars/hectar) ..................................... 76
Annex 23: Agricultural Labor Productivity (US Dollars Per Economically Active Worker in
Agriculture) .................................................................................................................................................................................. 77
Annex 24: Wheat Yield (tonnes/Ha).................................................................................................................................. 78
Annex 25: Maize Yield (tonnes/ha).................................................................................................................................... 79
Annex 26: Seed cotton Yield (tonnes/ha)........................................................................................................................ 80
Annex 27: Renewable Water Potential 2014-2017 ..................................................................................................... 81
Annex 28: Fertilizer consumption (kilograms per hectare of arable land) ...................................................... 82
Annex 29: Average dietary energy supply adequacy (percentage)...................................................................... 83
Annex 30: Average value of food production (Int. dollars/caput) ........................................................................ 84
iv
Annex 31: Average protein supply (gr/caput/day) .................................................................................................... 85
Annex 32: Number of people undernourished (million people) ........................................................................... 86
Annex 33: Gross domestic product per capita (in purchasing power equivalent) (constant 2011
Int. Dollars) ................................................................................................................................................................................... 87
Annex 34: Consumer Prices Food Indices (2000=100 for most of the countries, Year Average) ........... 88
Annex 35: Percentage of population with access to improved water sources ................................................ 89
Annex 36: Domestic food price volatility (index) ........................................................................................................ 90
Acronyms and Abbreviations
COMCEC
EIU
FAO
GDP
GHI
km3
m3
OECD
OIC
UN
WTO
The Standing Committee for Economic and Commercial Cooperation of the
Organization of Islamic Cooperation
Economist Intelligent Unit
Food and Agriculture Organization
Gross Domestic Product
Global Hunger Index
Cubic Kilometer
Cubic Meter
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
Organization of Islamic Cooperation
United Nations
World Trade Organization
v
vi
COMCEC Agriculture Outlook 2015
Introduction
As of 2013, world population has reached to 7.2 billion people, and almost half of it lives
in rural areas where the main economic activity of people is agriculture. For many economies,
especially those of developing countries, agriculture plays a distinctive role in economic
development.
Therefore, it is seen as an important engine of growth and unique source for poverty
reduction in most of the developing world. Empirical studies demonstrate that agriculture
sector is the most effective sector in generating income for the poorest segments of the
population. According to the World Bank, 1 percent economic growth originated from
agriculture increases the expenditures of the three poorest deciles by at least 2.5 times than 1
percent economic growth originated from the rest of the economy in developing countries.
Hence, it is accepted as a key sector for economic growth, reducing poverty and sustainable
rural development especially in developing countries.1
In most of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Member Countries, agriculture
is one of the leading sectors in terms of its contribution to income, employment, and trade. In
2013, OIC agricultural Gross Domestic Production (GDP) reached to 677 billion US Dollars with
a share of 21 percent in the world’s agricultural production. Furthermore, the number of
people employed in the agriculture sector in the OIC Member Countries reached to 240 million
in 2013, which accounts for the 18 percent of world’s agricultural employment. Agricultural
commodity trade of the 57 OIC Member Countries has increased considerably in the period
from 1990 to 2012 and reached 340 billion US Dollars. Thus, agriculture sector has a critical
importance for many OIC Members Countries for generating income, increasing welfare,
eradicating extreme poverty and hunger.
This report highlights the recent state of agricultural sector by analyzing macro
agricultural indicators, sectoral indicators and state of food security in the OIC Member
Countries. Agricultural value added, growth rates, population, employment, trade, land use,
crop production, agricultural productivity, irrigation, fertilizer, mechanization and the
dimensions of food security in the OIC are analyzed in this study. The report also dwells on the
cooperation efforts under the Standing Committee for Economic and Commercial Cooperation
of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (COMCEC).
For examining the current agricultural situation, OIC Member Countries are analyzed in
three groups: African Group, Arab Group and Asian Group. Furthermore, for more detailed
analysis, agriculture sector trends in the OIC member Countries are compared with the world
trends. Lastly, key figures and tables created by COMCEC staff using most recent data from
various international organizations are presented with the aim of enriching the understanding
of the state of agriculture sector in the OIC.
1
Ligon and Sadoulet, 2007
1
1. Macro Agricultural Indicators
Macro agricultural indicators provide an overview of agricultural sector in an economy.
They take the big picture and show the overall agricultural performance in a country. At a first
glance, the importance and size of agriculture sector, the progress in agricultural development,
and the main social and economic trends can be understood by looking macro agricultural
indicators. While they give a great idea of the sector, they also present the comparison of
agriculture sector and other sectors, and agricultural performance in the world.
The value of total agricultural output, the share of agricultural production in an
economy, the growth rate of the sector, agricultural population, contribution of agriculture
sector to total employment, the share of agriculture in total export and import, and
export/import ratio are useful indicators to assess the performance of agriculture sector in an
economy.
1.1.
Agricultural Value Added
The agriculture sector in developing countries is one of the leading sectors in terms of
its contributions to income. It is also the most effective sector in generating income for the
poorest segment of the population, which shows its crucial importance for their welfare.2
Suitability of ecological conditions, availability of natural resources and human capacity to
carry out agricultural activities, and existing of production and marketing infrastructures play
a crucial role to create agricultural output and income. Therefore, agriculture sector has a
critical importance for many OIC Members; especially for the LDCs and the level of dependence
on agriculture for overall economic growth is very high in many of the Member Countries.
The significance of agriculture in national economies varies extensively. While in many
least developed countries, agriculture accounts for more than 50 percent of GDP, in many high
income economies such as the members of Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD), agriculture constitutes less than 1.5 percent of overall economic output.
Thus, the role of agriculture in overall economic growth will vary from country to country, and
in general agriculture is more important in poorer countries. In other words, in the least
develop countries one of the major drivers of overall economic growth is agriculture. This is
largely due to higher income elasticity of demand for non-agricultural goods and services. As
their incomes grow, consumers increase their consumption of manufactured goods and
services faster than their consumption of agricultural goods.3 This characteristic of the
agriculture can be clearly observed in the OIC as a whole in line with the theory of economic
development.
2
3
Comcec, 2012
Cervantes-Godoy and Dewbre
2
Figure 1. OIC Agricultural GDP and its Share in the World
Billion US Dollars
3,500
Percent
25
23 %
21 %
3,000
20
18 %
2,500
15 %
15
2,000
1,500
10
1,000
5
500
0
0
1990
OIC Total
2000
World Total
2010
2013
Share of OIC Agricultural GDP in the World
Source: Calculated by using UNSTAT
The value of agricultural production in the OIC Member Countries rises in the last
decades due to increases in production as well as higher prices. Figure 1 shows the agriculture
sector contribution to GDP and its share in the world’s agricultural production. In 1990, OIC
agricultural GDP was 192 billion US Dollars with a share of 15 percent in the world’s
agricultural production. In 2013, OIC agricultural GDP reached to 677 billion US Dollars with a
share of 21 percent in the world’s agricultural production. This figure is important because it
shows the increasing trend of OIC agricultural production in the world agricultural production.
Nonetheless, according to FAO, OIC Member Countries have 29 percent of total world
agricultural area. From this data, it is clear that OIC Member Countries have a relatively lower
performance in agriculture sector. Therefore, the potential of agricultural sector in OIC
Member Countries should be appropriately utilized to increase the share of OIC agricultural
production in the world.
3
Figure 2. Agricultural GDP by Sub-Regions and their Share
Billion US Dollars
400
55.6 %
350
300
250
200
23.0 %
150
21.4 %
59.7 %
100
50
15.7 %
24.6 %
0
1990
African Group
Arab Group
2013
Asian Group
The OIC Member Countries are classified into 3 groups as African, Arab and Asian group.
The contribution to these groups to the OIC total agricultural value added varies considerable,
and it shows an uneven pattern over time. The relative performance of African Group is getting
strong compared to the Arab and Asian Groups in the period of 1990-2013. However, Asian
Group has the highest contribution to agricultural production over the years.
As of 2013, OIC agricultural GDP reached to 676 billion US Dollars and the contribution
of Asian group to this value is 376 billion US Dollars which is more than half of the total
agricultural GDP of the OIC Member Countries. Hence, Asian Group has the highest amount of
the agricultural GDP, and followed by Arab Group and African Group with almost 144 billion
and 155 billion US Dollars, respectively. From 1990 to 2013, the share of African group
agricultural GDP in OIC agricultural GDP increased to 23 percent from 15.7 percent. On the
other hand, the share of Arab Group agricultural GDP in OIC agricultural GDP decreased to 21.4
percent from 24.6 percent in the same period.
4
Figure 3. Share of Agricultural GDP in the OIC and World
Percent
18
16
16.59
14
12.44
12
11.00
10
10.10
8
6
5.97
4.14
3.47
4
4.53
2
0
1990
2000
OIC
2010
World
2013
In the last decades, agriculture activity in most of the OIC countries has been gradually
replaced by services and industrial activity which leads to decrease in the share of agriculture
sector in OIC total GDP. Economists can explain this situation as when an economy is in a
developing path the relative importance of the agriculture sector declines and the relative
importance of industry and service sectors rise.
Figure 3 illustrates that at the beginning of 1990, the share of agriculture sector in OIC
total GDP is around 17 percent, and it dramatically declined to 12 percent in the following
decade. From 2000s to now, the decrease in the share of agriculture sector in OIC’s total GDP
continues with a slowing speed. As of 2013, it reached to 10 percent which is two times higher
than the share of agriculture sector in the World’s total GDP. The different pattern of two
figures demonstrates that while the relative contribution of agriculture sector to the economy
in the OIC is shrinking over time, it shows an increasing path in the world as from 2000s.
5
Figure 4. Share of Agricultural GDP in Total GDP by Sub-Regions
Percent
30
26.3
24.8
23.6
25
22.5
19.1
20
15.1
15
12.4
10.7
10
11.8
7.6
6.0
5.2
5
0
1990
2000
African Group
2010
Arab Group
2013
Asian Group
The share of agriculture sector in total GDP significantly varies across regions in the OIC.
African Group has the highest share of agricultural GDP, which accounted 22.5 percent in 2013.
It is followed by Arab Group, and Asian Group with 11.8 percent and 5.2 percent, respectively.
Even though the relative contribution of agricultural activity to the economy has shown
fluctuations in African Countries, it depicts a declining path in both Arab and Asian Countries.
Table 1. Agricultural GDP Rankings in the OIC (2013)
Top Ten Country
Agricultural GDP
(Billion US Dollars)
Share of Agr. GDP
(Percent)
1
Indonesia
125.3
14.4
2
Nigeria
106.9
21
3
Turkey
60.8
8.3
4
Pakistan
53.9
25.3
5
Iran
41.4
8.5
6
Egypt
34.4
13.9
7
Malaysia
29.1
9.4
8
Bangladesh
23.8
16.3
9
Sudan
23.1
42.6
10
Algeria
20.5
10.2
Top Ten Total
519.1
6
Table 1 illustrates the top 10 countries regarding the agricultural value added and the
share of agriculture sector in their economy in 2013. Indonesia had the highest contribution to
the agricultural value added in the OIC with a 125 billion US Dollars, which accounted for the
18.5 percent of OIC agricultural output in 2013. Nigeria was the second country which
contributed 107 billion US Dollars to the OIC agricultural GDP, with a share of 15.8 percent. In
2013, the top ten countries produced 519 billion US Dollars agricultural GDP which was more
than 75 percent of total agricultural GDP of 57 OIC Member Countries. The importance of
agriculture sector in the top ten national economies differs across countries. For instance, as of
2013, the share of agricultural GDP in country’s total GDP was the highest in Sudan with 42.6
percent. In the top ten country rankings, Turkey, Iran and Malaysia were only three countries
whose shares of agriculture sector in the economy were lower than 10 percent in 2013.
1.2.
Growth Rates
The growth rate provides insight into the general direction and magnitude of growth for
a sector or for an overall economy in a specific period. It can be calculated as nominal growth
and real growth, and shows the performance of countries providing some comparisons in
different sectors, economies and time intervals. Since the agricultural sector heavily depends
on the external factors such as natural rainfall, weather, temperature, climatic changes, water
level and soil condition, the real growth rate which is adjusted by price effect has shown a
fluctuating path in years. This is explained by the nature of the agriculture sector. Moreover,
the more fluctuation in agricultural growth rates in an economy is a clear sign that the
dependence of agriculture sector to the nature is large.
Figure 5. Agricultural Growths in the OIC and World
Percent
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
-2.0
OIC Agr. Growth Rate
World Agr. Growht Rate
7
In Figure 5, it can be seen that yearly agricultural growths in the OIC has a severe ups
and downs compared to the world during the period of 1993-2013. Therefore, the agriculture
sector in the OIC Member Countries depends more on natural condititions relative to the other
parts of the world. However, this unsteady pattern of growth rates closely comply with the
fluctuations in the worlds agricultural growths. This means that almost same factors have
influenced the growth of agriculture sector in the OIC and in the world.
Table 2. Comparison of Agricultural Growth and Economic Growth in the OIC and World
Period
OIC
World
Agr. Growth
Economic Growth
Agr. Growth
Economic Growth
1993-2003
3.37
3.54
2.32
2.8
2003-2013
3.61
5.14
2.79
2.54
1993-2013
3.49
4.34
2.56
2.67
The average yearly agricultural growth in ten years period in the OIC increased from 3.4
percent in 1993-2003 to 3.6 percent in 2003-2013. Although average yearly agricultural
growth in the OIC was higher than the world’s agricultural growth in both decades, it lagged
behind the OIC economic growth. In the long term, OIC’s both agricultural growth and
economic growth surpassed the world, and realized as 3.5 percent and 4.3 percent during the
period of 1993-2013, respectively.
Table 3. Comparison of Agricultural Growth and Economic Growth in the OIC by Sub-Region
African Group
Period
Arab Group
Asian Group
Agr.
Growth
Econ.
Growth
Agr.
Growth
Econ.
Growth
Agr.
Growth
Econ.
Growth
1993-2003
6.39
4.41
4.01
3.57
2.04
3.35
2003-2013
4.91
5.84
3.03
5.03
3.32
5.08
1993-2013
5.65
5.12
3.52
4.3
2.68
4.22
Table 3 illustrates the sub-regions average yearly agricultural growth and economic
growth in ten years period and in twenty years long term period in the OIC. African Group
average yearly agricultural growth was the highest in the period of 1993-2003 and 2003-2013,
with a 6.4 percent and 4.9 percent respectively. Furthermore, African Group is the only group
whose average yearly agricultural growth exceeds its economic growth in the long term
period. The lowest growth in agriculture was observed in Asian Group with 2.0 percent in
1993-2003, and 3.3 percent in 2003-2013.
8
All of the sub-regions’ average yearly agricultural growths stay behind their economic
growths in the period of 2003-2013. The promising point is that African Group, Arab Group
and Asian Group Countries have a greater performance in agricultural growth in the last
decade compared to the world.
1.3.
Population
Population in the world reached to 7.2 billion people and it is projected to climb to over
9 billion by 2050. United Nations Population Funds (UNFPA) explains this dramatic growth by
increasing numbers of people surviving to reproductive age which is accompanied by major
changes in fertility rates, increasing urbanization and accelerating migration.4
According to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)’s data, the total population of the
OIC was about 1.65 billion in 2013, which constituted almost the quarter of world population.
Although its share in total population decreased from year to year, 51.9 percent of the OIC
population is still living in rural areas. According to the statistics for the same year, more than
60 percent of the people living in rural areas were engaged in agricultural activities.
Agriculture sector should provide enough food for the growing population in the world
and especially in the OIC. From 1993 to 2013, the agricultural GDP expanded globally by an
average of 2.56 percent a year, more than the population growth of 1.25 percent. In the same
period, OIC Member Countries have experienced yearly 3.49 percent growth in agricultural
GDP, and 1.96 percent of growth in population. Therefore, both in the OIC and world, the
growth rate in agriculture sector is higher than the growth rate in population which enables to
feed much more people.
Table 4. Population Growth Rate in the OIC and in the World
Period
African Group
Arab Group
Asian Group
OIC
World
1993-2003
2.70
2.15
1.77
2.05
1.31
2003-2013
2.78
1.99
1.44
1.87
1.19
1993-2013
2.74
2.07
1.61
1.96
1.25
Table 4 demonstrates the sub-regions average yearly population growth in ten years
period and in twenty years long term period in the OIC and world. Compared to the world,
African Group, Arab Group and Asian Group have a higher rate of population growth in the last
two decades. Across the regions, African Group average yearly population growth is the
highest in the period of 1993-2003 and 2003-2013, with a 2.70 percent and 2.78 percent,
respectively. Furthermore, African Group is the only group whose average yearly population
growth rises in the last decade which is more than two times higher than the world’s
population growth. The lowest population growth was observed in Asian Group with 1.77
percent in 1993-2003, and 1,44 percent in 2003-2013.
While the agricultural population of the OIC Member Countries was 492 million people
in 1990 with 47.7 percent share in total population, it increased to almost 568 million people,
4
UNFPA, 2015
9
constituted 35.1 percent of the total OIC population in recent years. The main reason of
decreasing the agricultural population share was that the increase in agricultural population
was lower than the increase in total population throughout the years. This reflects that
worldwide trend of urbanization is also observable for the OIC Member Countries, in general.
In general terms, the share of agricultural population in total population is decreasing in
the OIC as well as in all sub-regions. Within the sub-regions, the share remained higher in the
African Group with 47 percent and the lowest level was Arab Group with 24.2 percent in 2012.
Figure 6. Share of Agricultural Population in the OIC
Million People
1,800
Percent
47.7
46.1
1,600
50
42.8
45
39.6
1,400
36.3
35.1
1,200
40
35
30
1,000
25
800
20
600
15
400
10
200
5
0
0
1990
1995
Total OIC Agr. Population
2000
2005
Total OIC Population
2010
2012
Share of Agr. Population
Source: Calculated by using SESRIC online database
On the other hand, at the individual country level, agricultural population represented
more than 50 percent of the total population in 16 OIC Member Countries. For instance, as of
2012, the share of people dealing with agriculture was over 75 percent in some OIC Countries
such as Burkina Faso, Niger, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gambia and Mozambique. As the majority
of their population depending on agriculture for their livelihood, agriculture sector has a vital
importance for the OIC Member Countries in African Group.5
1.4.
Employment
As many of the developing countries, agriculture is one of the prominent sectors which
employs significant amount of workers in the OIC. The number of people employed in the
agriculture sector in the OIC Member Countries reached to 240 million in 2013, which
accounts for the 18 percent of world’s agricultural employment. These numbers clearly show
5
SESRIC, 2014
10
that agricultural activities play a pivotal role in the OIC Member Countries and they have a
noteworthy contribution to the agricultural employment in the world.
Figure 7 illustrates the developments in agricultural and total employment in the OIC
Member Countries. In 1990, OIC agriculture sector employed almost 182 million people, where
total employment was 344 million. Up to 2013, 58 million agricultural labor was added, and
the number of people employed in agriculture sector reached to 240 million people. In the
same year, total employment in the OIC Member countries was realized as nearly 670 million
people.
Figure 7. Agricultural and Total Employment in the OIC
Million People
800
700
Percent
60
52.8
48.0
50
44.4
41.0
600
37.7
500
35.8
400
40
30
300
20
200
10
100
0
0
1990
1995
2000
Economically Active Worker in Agriculture
Share of Active Agriculture Worker
2005
2010
2013
Total economically active population
Source: Calculated by using FAOSTAT
Even though the number of agriculture sector employment is getting higher, the
proportion employed in agriculture is decreasing over time. Figure 8 shows the share of
agricultural employment in total employment in the OIC and world. In 1990 Agriculture
accounted for almost 52.8 percent of total employment in the OIC, which is higher than the
share of World’s agricultural employment. At the beginning of the 2000s, the contribution of
agriculture sector to the total employment decreased to around 44 percent both in the OIC and
world. After that, the share of agriculture sector in the OIC total employment is getting lower
than the world. In 2013, the proportion of agricultural employment realized as 35.8 percent
in the OIC and 38.7 percent in the world.
11
Figure 8. Share of Agricultural Employment in the OIC and World
Percent
55
52.8
48.0
50
48.2
45
44.4
46.3
42.0
44.1
39.9
40
41.0
38.7
37.7
35
35.8
30
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Share of Active Agriculture Worker in the OIC
2013
Share of Active Agriculture Worker in the World
The decline in the proportion of agricultural employment can be explained by biological,
chemical, and mechanical advances eliminating many plantation, cultivation and harvesting
task, increasing agricultural productivity, rapid urbanization, and non-farm activities
providing an increasingly important share of rural incomes.
1.5.
Trade
Agricultural commodity trade of the 57 OIC Member Countries increased considerably in
the period from 1990 to 2012. Total agricultural trade in the OIC Member Countries grew by
more than 5 times from 1990 to 2012 and reached 340 billion US Dollars (Figure 9). In 2012,
total agricultural commodity import of the OIC Member Countries reached to 208 billion US
Dollars from 35 billion US Dollars in 1990. Correspondingly, total agricultural commodity
export of OIC was as 133 billion US Dollars in 2012, where it was 20 billion US Dollars in 1990.
Compared to 2011 and 2012, while the increasing trend in agricultural import has still
continued, agricultural export has shrunk about 8 percent. This situation leads to an increase
in the trade deficit of OIC Member Countries.
12
Figure 9. Agricultural Exports and Imports in the OIC
Billion US Dollars
250
70.2
65.5
200
58.3
Percent
80
69.8
70
63.8
54.9
60
50
150
40
100
30
20
50
10
0
0
1990
1995
2000
OIC Member Countries Total Export
Ratio of Export to Import
2005
2010
2012
OIC Member Countries Total Import
The export/import ratio which is a useful indicator for assessing the trade performance
is also shown in the Figure 9. As it is seen in the Figure, while the ratio of export to import was
around 58 percent in 1990, it increased to almost 64 percent in 2012. Although the OIC
Member Countries had a agricultural trade deficit, the increasing trend in export/import ratio
is promising for the economy. Nonetheless, the poor performance in agricultural export in
2012 affected badly the export/import ratio, regressing from 70 percent to 64.
Figure 10. OIC Agricultural Trade Performance in the World
Percent
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
9.9
11.3
7.7
6.2
11.9
14.7
15.2
10.5
9.9
11.3
8.2
6.9
1990
1995
2000
Share of OIC Agr. Export in the World
2005
2010
2012
Share of OIC Agr. Import in the World
13
Figure 10 illustrates the OIC’s agricultural trade performance in the world. The share of
OIC Member Countries’ agricultural imports in the world increased to 15.2 percent in 2012
from 9.9 percent in 1990. Correspondingly, the contribution of OIC agricultural exports to
world total agricultural export reached to 9.9 percent. Both agricultural import and export
significantly rose in the period of 2005-2010. Nonetheless, the shift in export and import were
different in the period 2010-2012. While the share of agricultural commodity import of the OIC
Member Countries continued to rise, the contribution of OIC agricultural exports to world total
agricultural export declined.
Figure 11. Agricultural Trade Balance in the OIC by Sub-Regions, 2012
Billion US Dollars
250
208.0
200
132.7
150
104.1
100.0
100
50
13.1
-50
-100
19.6
18.7
0
Export Import
85.2
14.8
-5.6
Trade Export Import Trade Export Import Trade Export Import Trade
Balance
Balance
Balance
Balance
African Group
Arab Group
-84.5
Asian Group
OIC Total
-75.3
-150
Most of the OIC Member Countries have a trade deficit in agriculture sector. It means
that the agricultural commodity imports exceed their exports, and it creates an outflow of
domestic currency to foreign markets. As of 2012, 75.3 billion US Dollars trade deficit occurred
in the OIC. Figure 11 depicts the agricultural trade balance in the OIC by Sub-Regions in 2012.
It is seen in the figure that the only group which had a positive trade balance was Asian Group
with a 14.8 billion US Dollars. On the other hand, African Group and Arab Group had trade
deficits, 5.6 and 84.5 billion US Dollars, respectively.
At the sub-regional level, Asian Group had the highest level of share in the OIC’s
agricultural commodity export with 75 percent in 2012. As of 2012, Asian Group was followed
by Arab Group and African Group with 15 percent and 10 percent agricultural commodity
export respectively. In terms of agricultural commodity import, Arab Group accounted for half
of the OIC’s total in the same period. It was followed by Asian Group and African Group with 41
percent and 9 percent, respectively (Figure 11).
14
2. Sectoral Indicators
Sectoral indicators provide more specific information on the structure of a sector. They
draw the basic characteristic of the field and reveal the nature of activities. In agriculture
sector, the land use, crop productions and yields, labor productivity, irrigation, fertilizer, and
mechanization are considered as the main sectoral indicators. These indicators help the
understanding of agricultural structure in a country or region providing comparison with the
rest of the world.
2.1.
Land Use
The world’s cultivated area has grown by 12 percent over the last 50 years. The global
irrigated area has doubled over the same period, accounting for most of the net increase in
cultivated land. Meanwhile, agricultural production has grown between 2.5 and 3 times,
thanks to significant increase in the yield of major crops. However, global achievements in
production in some regions have been associated with the degradation of land resources, and
the deterioration of related ecosystem goods and services, such as decreasing of biomass and
carbon storage as well as damaging soil health and biodiversity.
According to FAO’s 2012 data, agriculture uses 4.92 billion hectares area, representing
38 percent of the world’s land surface. Agriculture is a major user of land. Hence, in order to
make agriculture sustainable it is important to maintain the quantity and quality of soil
resources. Agriculture must be at the center of any discussion of natural resource management
and global environmental objectives. The responsible management of natural resources
requires ensuring adequate food and water for all while at the same time achieving sustainable
rural development and livelihoods for the current and future generations.6
Land resources and the way they are used are central to the challenge of improving food
security across the world. Demographic pressures, climate change, and the increased
competition for a land are likely to increase vulnerability to food insecurity, particularly in
Africa and Asia. The challenge of providing sufficient food for everyone worldwide has never
been greater.7
For improving nutrition and alleviating food insecurity and undernourishment, future
agricultural production will have to rise faster than population growth. This will have to occur
largely on existing agricultural land. Improvements will thus have to come from sustainable
intensification that makes effective use of land without harming and spoiling this precious
resource. As estimated by FAO, almost 5 to 7 million hectares of agricultural land are lost each
year due to land degradation and urbanization.8
Taking into account the issues mentioned above, for the OIC Member Countries
sustainable land management is vital as most of them are facing with food insecurity and have
more population growth than world average. Thus, it is important to find out the situation of
these countries to determine the problems and to propose recommendations.
FAO, 2013
FAO, 2011
8 Haktanır, 2003
6
7
15
Table 5. Land Use in the OIC and its Share in the World, 2012
Land area
OIC (million ha)
Share in Total Agr. Area (%)
World (million ha)
Share of OIC in the World (%)
3,179
13,009
24.44
Agricultural
Area
Arable land
Permanent
Crops
1,397
100
4,922
28.38
297
21.27
1,396
21.29
63
4.48
164
38.14
Permanent
Meadows
and
Pastures
1,037
74.25
3,360
30.87
Table 5 provides some data on amounts of total land, agricultural land, permanent crops
land and permanent meadows, and pastures in the OIC Member Countries as well as in the
world. As seen at this Table, the OIC Member Countries’ total land area of 3.2 billion hectares,
equal to 24 percent of the world. Almost 1.4 billion hectares, representing 44 percent of this
total land is used as agricultural land. The OIC’s agricultural area share in the land area is
higher than the world average which is 37.8 percent.
Out of this 1,4 billion hectares agricultural area, 297 million hectares are arable land, 63
million hectares are reserved for permanent crops, and more than 1 billion hectares are used
as permanent meadows and pastures. As understood from these figures, most of the OIC
Member Countries’ agricultural area, 74 percent, consists of permanent meadows and
pastures. This is almost parallel with the general distribution in the world where 68.2 percent
of agricultural area separated as permanent meadows and pastures. However, as compared to
EU where 60 percent of the agricultural land was used for arable crops, 33 percent for
permanent pasture and 6 percent for permanent crops, the OIC Member Countries have very
high level of permanent meadows and pastures but arable land is very low as a percentage.
Therefore, it is very crucial for the Member Countries to utilize these lands for increasing
agricultural production.
Table 6. The Share of Land Use in the OIC by Sub-Regions, 2012
OIC Sub-region
African Group (%)
Arab Group (%)
Asian Group (%)
OIC Total (%)
Land area
24.2
42.9
33.0
100.0
Agricultural
Area
Arable land
Permanent
Crops
25.6
37.4
37.1
100.0
35.3
19.7
45.0
100.0
28.3
13.3
58.4
100.0
Permanent
Meadows
and
Pastures
22.7
43.9
33.5
100.0
On the other hand, Table 6 reveals that at the sub-regional level, Arab Group and Asian
Group have almost same hectare of agricultural area, each constitutes 37 percent of the total
agricultural area of the OIC. They are followed by African Group 26 percent. Furthermore, Arab
Group has the highest levels in terms of permanent meadows and pastures with 44 percent of
the OIC. In terms of both arable land and permanent crops, Asian Group has the highest level
with 45 and 58 percent, respectively.
Additionally, looking at the individual country level Kazakhstan with 14.9 percent, Saudi
Arabia with 12.4 percent, Sudan with 8.1 percent, Nigeria with 5.2 percent, and Indonesia with
16
4.0 percent, have significant amount of OIC’s agricultural land. Regarding the arable land, the
country ranking list changes slightly, and Nigeria becomes the first country which has a highest
share of arable land with 11.8 percent in the OIC. Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Pakistan and Sudan
are the following countries which contribute to OIC’s total arable land with 7.9 percent, 7.7
percent, 7.1 percent, and 7.1 percent, respectively. Nonetheless, most of the OIC Member
Countries’ agricultural area mainly consists of permanent meadows and pastures which hinder
to produce more and generate additional income (Annex 14).
2.2.
Crop Productions
The OIC Member Countries pursue a wide range of crop and livestock production system
because of the fact that they have different agro-ecological zone, agricultural infrastructure,
and producing and consuming habit. Hence, a large variety of agricultural products are grown
in the OIC as a whole. And its Member States have different yield level depending on their level
of using agricultural mechanization and other agricultural inputs as well as climatic conditions.
In terms of the volume of agriculture production, as of 2013, OIC Member Countries
contributed 409 million tons to the world cereal production, representing 14.7 percent of the
world total cereals production. Even though the cereal production increased by almost 50
percent in the period of 2000-2013, the share of OIC Member Countries in the world cereal
production showed a very slight increase. As of 2013, 67 million tons of oil crops were
produced in the OIC, where it was 31 million tons in 2000. This substantial amount of oil crops
production in the OIC also stimulated the share of OIC Member Countries in the world oil crops
production. Therefore, it increased from 28.6 percent to 33.8 percent in the period of 20002013. Among the commodity groups in the OIC, oil crops are the highest share in the world
with an increasing trend.
Figure 12. Crops Production in the OIC and its Share in the World
Million Tons
3,000
2,500
2,780
33.8
2,060
28.6
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
13.5
19.1
14.7
677
479
409
279
18.7
197
31 110
67
2000
2013
92
127
2000
2013
14.5
781
113
0
2000
2013
Cereal
OIC (Left Axis)
Oilcrops
Fruit
World (Left Axis)
Source: Calculated by Using FAO online databases, 2015
17
2000
Percent
50
45
40
35
30
25
1,136
14.9
20
15
10
170
5
0
2013
Vegetable
OIC Share in the World (Right Axis)
In 2013, the share of OIC Member Countries in the world fruit production accounted for
18.7 percent, slightly decreasing from 19.1 percent in 2000. On the contrary, the share of the
OIC Member Countries in the world total production of vegetables increased from 14.5 percent
in 2000 to 14.9 percent in 2013.
Figure 13. Meat Production in the OIC and its Share in the World
Million Tons
120
108.7
100
36.2
80
60
40
20
68.6
67.7
58.9
9.7
13.3
9.0
5.7
11.8
9.4
12.8
6.5
4.2
11.5
0
2000
2013
Beef and Buffalo Meat
OIC (Left Axis)
2000
2013
Poultry Meat
World (Left Axis)
2000
Percent
50
45
36.8
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
14.0
5.1
5
0
2013
Sheep and Goat Meat
OIC Share in the World (Right Axis)
Figure 13 illustrates the developments in meat production in the OIC Member Countries
and its share in the world. In 2013, 9 million ton of beef and buffalo meat was produced in the
OIC while it was 5.7 million in 2000. This noteworthy increase in beef and buffalo meat
production was mainly due to the supply-side factors, such as cheap inputs, technological
change and scale efficiency gains in the last decade.9 Furthermore, the significant shift in beef
and buffalo meat production also leads to an increase in the share of OIC in the world’s
production. Hence, the contribution of OIC Member Countries’ beef and buffalo meat
production to the world’s beef and buffalo meat production rose to 13.3 percent in 2013, while
it was 9.7 in 2000.
Correspondingly, a dramatic surge is observed in the poultry meat production during
the same period. While it was 6.5 million ton in the beginning of the century, it has almost
doubled and realized as 12.8 million ton in 2013. Nonetheless, the increase in the share of OIC
poultry meat production in the world occurred moderately due to the high rate of growth in
poultry sector across the globe. Thus, the contribution of OIC Member Countries’ meat poultry
production to the world’s poultry meat production slightly ascended to 11.8 percent in 2013,
while it was 9.4 in 2000. Lastly, sheep and goat meat production of OIC Member Countries
continued to grow and exceeded to 5 million ton in 2013. Compared to beef and buffalo meat
9
SESRIC, 2015
18
and poultry meat, the share of sheep and goat meat production of OIC Member Countries in the
world was highest over time.
2.3.
Agricultural Productivity
Agricultural productivity is a broad concept which does not imply a single measurement.
Traditionally, it is measured by as the ratio of agricultural output values to agricultural inputs.
Therefore, it shows the efficiency of each production factor, and enables the comparison of
different period and regions by providing economic value per unit of input. Since land and
labor are the most important inputs which are used in the production process, agricultural
economists are eager to learn the efficiency of land and labor in an agriculture sector. Hence, in
general term, agricultural productivity refers to land productivity and labor productivity.
Furthermore, crop yields are other significant measurements of agricultural
productivity in farm activities. They are measured by the ratio of crop output amounts to the
cultivated area. In addition to land productivity and labor productivity, crop yields for different
agricultural products such as wheat, cotton, maize provides a great insight regarding the level
of agricultural productivity in a country or region.
2.3.1. Land Productivity
Agricultural land productivity is measured by the ratio of total agricultural value added
to the arable area in a country. Therefore, it shows the agricultural economic value per hectare
of arable land. Figure 14 shows the agricultural land productivity in the OIC and in the world
during the period 1995 and 2012.
Figure 14. Land Productivity in the OIC and World
US dollars/ha
2,300
2,100
1,900
1,700
1,500
1,300
1,100
856
900
700
743
500
1995
2,235
1,974
2,203
1,871
1,087
799
1,073
734
2000
2005
OIC Average Agricultural Productivity
2010
2012
World Average Agricultural Productivity
In 2012, average agricultural land productivity of OIC Member Countries reached to
2,235 US dollars/ha, where it was 743 US dollars/ha in 1995. In a 5 year periods, a decline in
19
productivity was observed only in the period of 1995-2000, and productivity level of OIC rose
in the rest of the periods parallel to the world. Compared to the world, till the year 2005 the
agricultural land productivity of OIC Member Countries was lower than the world, and it
surpassed the world average agricultural productivity after 2005. The significant rate of
growths in both OIC agricultural land productivity and world realized between 2005 and 2010.
The reason for this substantial rate of growths in land productivity can be explained by a
dramatic increase in agricultural value added with an 84 percent in the OIC, while arable land
areas remain almost same in these years.
Figure 15. Land Productivity in the OIC by Sub-Regions
US dollars/ha
3,000
2,833
2,376
2,500
2,000
1,394
1,500
1,000
500
1,252
1,244
962
833
722
324
0
1995
2005
2012
African Group
1995
2005
Arab Group
2012
1995
2005
2012
Asian Group
At the sub-regional level, Asian Group had the highest level of agricultural land
productivity in the OIC’s with 2,833 US Dollars per hectare in 2012. Asian Group was followed
by Arab Group with 2,376 US Dollars per hectare. Among the all sub-regions, African Group
had a lowest level of agricultural land productivity during the period 1995-2012. On the other
hand, although African Group had a lowest performance with respect to agricultural land
productivity over years; it accomplished the highest growth in the same period with a more
than 3 times increase in the level of agricultural land productivity (Figure 15).
2.3.2. Labor Productivity
To ensure sustainable economic development in every sector, efficient use of production
factors, especially labor, is of paramount importance. In order to boost the production of farms
in the world, agricultural labor productivity plays a foundational role. It is measured by the
ratio of total agricultural value added to the number of agricultural worker. Hence, it tells the
average performance of total labor employed in agriculture sector. Figure 16 shows the
agricultural labor productivity in the OIC and in the world during the period 1995 and 2013.
20
Figure 16. Labor Productivity in the OIC and World
US dollars/Labor
2,819
3,030
2,439
2,530
2,453
2,030
1,392
1,530
1,054
958
1,030
1,182
991
891
1995
2000
530
1,958
30
2005
OIC Average Labor Productivity
2010
2013
World Average Labor Productivity
Source: Calculated by using UNSTAT and FAOSTAT
When the figures that have been calculated according to this method are analyzed, it is
understood that the labor productivity is higher than the world average in the OIC in all
examined years. In 2013, average agricultural labor productivity of OIC Member Countries
reached to 2,819 US dollars/person, where it was 1,054 US dollars/person in 1995. Moreover,
parallel to land productivity, noteworthy rate of growth in OIC agricultural labor productivity
was observed during the 2005-2010 with 75 percent increase.
Figure 17. Labor Productivity in the OIC by Sub-Regions
US dollars/Labor
6,000
5,012
5,000
4,000
2,738
3,000
2,111
2,000
1,000
625
508
1990
2000
1,930
1,980
1,051
943
1990
2000
0
2013
1990
African Group
2000
Arab Group
Source: Calculated by using UNSTAT and FAOSTAT
21
2013
Asian Group
2013
On the other hand, Figure 17 reveals that Arab Group has the highest labor productivity
among the three regions. As of 2013, average agricultural labor productivity of Arab Group
Countries increased to 5,012 US dollars/person, where it was lower than 2,000 US
dollars/person at the beginning of 1990s. Looking at the individual countries in the Arab
Group, Lebanon, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Libya, Iraq, Bahrain, Qatar and United Arab Emirates
had the high level labor productivity. Although the levels of labor productivity are high in the
OIC, it must be recognized that the region is unsuitable for agriculture development due to its
limited water resources and climatic conditions. In this context, the higher levels of labor
productivity are probably due to a host of factors including high levels of mechanization and
use of fertilizer and pesticides. It may be noted that the levels of labor productivity in the
Lebanon, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia are comparable to those in high income countries.10
The level of labor productivity in the African Group was the lowest one in the OIC with
an average 2,111 US dollars/person in 2013. Some African Group Member Countries such as
Senegal, Mozambique, Guinea and Gambia had the lowest levels of labor productivity of the
OIC in this year. The low levels of mechanization and fertilizer use, water scarcity and using
labor intensive methods are the main reasons of the low agricultural labor productivity in this
sub-region.
2.3.3. Crop Yields
The OIC Member Countries pursue a wide range of crop and livestock production
system because of the fact that they have different agro-ecological zone, agricultural
infrastructure, and producing and consuming habit. Hence, a large variety of agricultural
products are grown in the OIC as a whole. Member States have different yield level depending
on their level of using agricultural mechanization and other agricultural inputs as well as
climatic conditions.
Figure 18. Wheat Yield in the OIC and World
Yield (tonnes/ha)
3.50
3.00
2.7
2.9
3.0
1.8
2.0
2.0
2000
2005
2010
2.5
3.3
2.50
2.00
2.3
1.50
1.00
1.6
0.50
0.00
1995
OIC
World
10
IDB, 2009
22
2013
Another important term for analyzing agricultural productivity is crop yields. Even crop
yields can be calculated for each agricultural product, it is useful to figure out the productivity
improvement in the most common, important and strategic crops. Therefore, wheat, maize and
cotton seed which plays a crucial role in the OIC production, consumption and trade are
selected in order to analyze the crop yields in this study.
Figure 18 shows the yield of wheat which is one of the most common cultivated
products in the OIC. In 2013, average wheat yield of OIC Member Countries reached to 2.3
tons/hectare, where it was 1.6 tons/hectare in 1995. As can be seen from this Figure, wheat
yield increased in general both in the OIC and in the world for last two decades. However,
increase in the world wheat yield has been steadier. Moreover, the world average wheat yield
has surpassed the OIC figures. As of 2013, world average wheat yield was 44 percent higher
than OIC’s.
Figure 19. Maize Yield in the OIC and World
Yield (tonnes/ha)
6.0
5.5
5.2
5.5
4.8
5.0
4.3
4.5
4.0
3.8
3.5
3.0
3.0
2.6
2.3
2.5
2.0
3.1
1.8
1.5
1.0
1995
2000
2005
OIC
2010
2013
World
Another key crop for OIC Member Countries is maize which is used for both human
consumption and livestock feed. It is considered as a staple food with a high nutritional value
for many millions of people in developing countries, especially sub-Saharan Africa.
Furthermore, its stalks can be used to provide fodder for livestock in rural areas where
farmers have difficulties to reach compound feed.
Figure 19 shows the maize yield in the OIC and world. In 2013, average maize yield of
OIC Member Countries reached to 3.1 tons/hectare, where it was 1.8 tons/hectare in 1995.
Compared to the world, the increase in maize yield in the OIC Member Countries between
1995 and 2013 was higher; i.e., 74 percent for the OIC and 44 percent for the world.
23
Nonetheless, the maize yield in the OIC is considerable lower than the world average overtime,
and it is still behind the world’s level in 1990s. As of 2013, world average wheat yield was 76
percent higher than OIC’s.
Figure 20. Cotton Yield in the OIC and World
Yield (tonnes/ha)
2.4
2.3
2.1
2.2
2.0
2.0
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.9
2.0
2.0
1.7
1.4
1.2
1.0
1995
2000
OIC
2005
2010
World
2013
Lastly, one of the widely produced agricultural products in the OIC Member Countries is
cotton which provides main sources of raw materials to textile industry. Furthermore, it is an
important cash crop for millions of farmers, which generates income to rural household.
Therefore, it enhances the food security of farmers with respect to accessibility of food,
especially in poor regions.
Cotton yield in the OIC and world is illustrated in the Figure 20 during the period 19952013. As seen in the figure, the yield of cotton in the OIC Member Countries shows a poor
performance over the last two decades. While it is noted 1.8 tons/hectare in 1995, it slightly
increased to 2.0 tons/hectare in 2013. Compared to the world, the cotton yield of the OIC was
higher than the world till the beginning of the 21. Century, the world average cotton yield has
surpassed the OIC figures during 2000s. As of 2013, world average cotton yield was 15percent
higher than OIC’s.
2.4.
Irrigation
Agricultural production has increased considerably since 1960s in the world. The
increase in crop yield has a crucial role in this increase. Improvements in the quantity and
quality of agricultural inputs, such as fertilizer, water, mechanization, fuel, seed, land and
labor, have been the main reason of crop yield increase. It is estimated that growing fertilizer
24
application and more water usage by irrigation have been responsible for over 70 percent of
the crop yield increase throughout the world.11
Water is the most crucial input for agricultural production. One of the remarkable
characteristics of water is that in addition to the fact of its being an indispensable input it
works as an augmenting input in agriculture when it is combined with other inputs of
production such as improved seeds and fertilizer.12 Thus it has a tremendous role to play in
agriculture in increasing both production and productivity.
The total volume of water on earth is about 1.4 billion km3 of which only 2.5 percent, or
about 35 million km3, is freshwater. Freshwater is a highly valuable resource as there are large
number of competing demands, including drinking water, irrigation, hydroelectricity, waste
disposal, industrial processes, transport and recreation, as well as ecosystem functions and
services. As mentioned above, agricultural sector is the most important user with 70 percent in
terms of amount of all freshwater used by humans within these competing sectors at the global
level.13 In the OIC, agriculture sector consumes 86 percent of total fresh water which is higher
than world average.14 In developing regions like Africa and Asia, agriculture uses more fresh
water. On the other hand, the share of agriculture in water consumption is lower in continents
having high level precipitation than arid and semi-arid ones.
Figure 21. Renewable Water Potential in the World (2013-2017)
100.0
m3/ha
25,000
90
20,580
20,000
80
16,531
70
15,000
60
46.1
11,114
9,336
27.9
10,000
5,000
Percent
100
50
40
30
4,781
10.3
14.1
20
2,129
1.6
10
0
0
Africa
Americas
Asia
Europe
Renewable Water Resources Per Hectare (left axis)
Source: Calculated by using AQUASTAT and FAOSTAT
Nellemann et. al, 2009
and Bhattacharjee, 2005
13 UNEP, 2002
14 SESRIC, 2014
11
12 Nayak
25
Oceania
World
Share of RWR in the World (right axis)
According to FAO data, total renewable water resources in the world have been
declining, and it is calculated as 54,705 km3/year for the period 2013-2017. The continental
distribution of total renewable water resources can be seen in Figure 21. America has 25,203
km3/year total renewable water resources constituting 46.1 percent of the world. Following to
America, Asia and Europe comprise 15,242 km3/year and 7,736 km3/year total renewable
water resources, respectively. Figure 21 also shows another meaningful indicator which is
called renewable water resources per hectare of agricultural land. It provides adequacy rate of
total renewable water resources with respect to agricultural land of a region. With respect to
this indicator, America, which possesses one fourth of the world’s total agricultural area, has
still the most renewable water resources per hectare of agricultural land with 20,580 m3/ha. It
can be explained by its rich water potential. Following to America, Europe, having 9.5 percent
of the world’s total agricultural area, has 16,531 m3/ha renewable water for per hectare
agricultural land. Lastly, Africa and Asia, covering most of the OIC Member Countries, have
very low level renewable fresh water for per hectares compared to America, Europe and the
average of the world.
Figure 22. Renewable Water Potential in the OIC by Sub-Regions
m3/ha
12,000
% 71.0
Percent
11,114
70
10,000
9,965
60
8,000
50
6,000
40
5,199
5,079
4,000
80
30
% 25.0
2,000
20
% 4.0
10
554
0
African Group
Arab Group
0
Asian Group
Renewable Water Resources Per Hectare (left axis)
OIC Average
World
Share of RWR in the OIC (right axis)
As to OIC Member Countries, they have 7,261 km3/year of renewable water resources
for the period 2013-2017 that accounts for 13.3 percent of the world’s total. Taking into
account the OIC Member Countries have 28 percent of world’s total agricultural area, the
majority of the Member Countries are under the water scarcity. This situation can be clearly
understood from Figure 22. It reveals that average renewable water resources per hectare of
agricultural land in the OIC are 5,199 m3/ha, which is lower than half of the world’s average.
At the sub-regional level, renewable water resources disperse unequally in the OIC.
Moreover, the share of renewable water resources to the agricultural land varies considerably
26
among its sub-regions. While Asian Group having 71 percent of renewable water resources in
the OIC, possess 9,965 m3/ha renewable water for per hectare agricultural land, Arab Group
owes 4 percent of renewable water resources with 554 m3/ha renewable water for per hectare
of agricultural land.
Since OIC Member Countries are dispersed over a large geographical region, on four
continents and have wide range of climate conditions, big differences are seen at the country
level regarding amount of renewable water. In terms of their renewable water resources per
hectare of agricultural land, some OIC Member Countries are very rich while most of them are
under water-scarcity.
Table 7 and Table 8 indicate renewable water-rich OIC Member Countries and
renewable water-poor OIC Member Countries, respectively. Analyzing Table 7, it is seen that
Suriname, Brunei Darussalam have relatively high level of water resource per hectare of
agricultural land. This situation can be explained by their very low level of agricultural land;
even they do not have high renewable water resources. They are followed by Guyana,
Bangladesh, Malaysia, Sierra Leone, Indonesia, Gabon, Cameroon, Albania.
Table 7. Renewable Water-Rich OIC Member Countries (2013-2017)
Renewable Water Resources Per
Hectare (m3/ha)
Top Ten Renewable Water-Rich Country
1,192,771.1
1
Suriname
2
Brunei Darussalam
634,328.4
3
Guyana
161,501.8
4
Bangladesh
134,465.8
5
Malaysia
74,843.5
6
Sierra Leone
39,052.6
7
Indonesia
35,734.5
8
Gabon
32,170.5
9
Cameroon
29,035.9
Albania
25,139.4
10
On the other hand, 19 countries have less than 1,000 m3/ha renewable water for per
hectare of agricultural land. Table 8 illustrates that Saudi Arabia, Libya, Yemen, Kuwait,
Djibouti, Algeria, Mauritania, Somalia, Sudan and United Arab Emiratesare the top ten
Renewable Water-Poor Countries.
27
Table 8. Renewable Water-Poor OIC Member Countries(2013-2017)
Top Ten Renewable Water-Poor Country
Renewable Water Resources Per
Hectare (m3/ha)
1
Saudi Arabia
13.8
2
Libya
45.6
3
Yemen
89.2
4
Kuwait
131.6
5
Djibouti
176.3
6
Algeria
281.7
7
Mauritania
287.4
8
Somalia
333.1
9
Sudan (former)
335.4
United Arab Emirates
377.8
10
In addition to these countries’ current water potential, the other important water
resource is precipitation. Precipitation provides soil with moisture that is a crucial factor for
productivity in agriculture. Looking at precipitation in OIC Member Countries, it is understood
that most of them have average precipitation less than 500 mm per year which shows high
prevalence of aridity in these countries. Especially, all countries located on Arab Group which
covers 20 countries have less than 500 mm precipitation level except for Comoros and
Lebanon.
On the other hand, as at long-term average precipitation in depth 19 countries possess
more than 1,000 mm annually. Of these countries, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Bangladesh,
Sierra Leone, Guyana and Suriname receive over 2,000 mm.
When discussing the irrigation in the OIC Member Countries, it is not adequate to know
their water potential. Additionally, we need to determine the situation regarding irrigation
systems which ensure the utilization of this potential in agriculture. As mentioned above, the
large part of the OIC Member Countries located in arid and semi-arid regions geographically.
Hence, widespread and modern irrigation systems, including water storage facilities are
required.
In the OIC Member Countries as a whole traditional ways of irrigation are widely used.
Therefore, the efficient use of water in agriculture is not adequately addressed by the countries
of the region where sustainability of the existing irrigation systems is at stake. While surface
irrigation is by far the most widely used system in irrigation, practiced on 82.1 percent of the
28
total full and partial control irrigation area, the most water-saving system through microirrigation techniques is only practiced on a mere 1.7 percent of the total irrigation area.15
2.5.
Fertilizer
The average use of fertilizer per hectare in OIC countries increased from 52.9 kilograms
in 2002 to 69.8 kilograms in 2012. However, as shown in Figure 23, the use of fertilizer in OIC
Region is far behind of the world average. As of 2012, the world average fertilizer use reached
141.3 kilograms which was more than two times higher than the OIC average.
Figure 23. Fertilizer Use in the OIC and World (2012, kg/ha)
kg/ha
150
130
108.1
111.7
111.5
115.6
136.0
137.7 141.3
126.5
125.2
128.9
66.7
66.3
66.9
67.9
68.8
71.7
69.8
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
120.3
110
90
70
50
52.9
56.0
2002
2003
61.2
62.9
2004
2005
30
OIC
World
Source: Calculated by using Worldbank Data and FAOSTAT
At the sub-regional level, the use of fertilizer in African Group Countries was very low
with 6.9 kg/hectare in 2012. On the other hand, the use of fertilizer in Arab Group Countries
and Asian Group Countries is 76.0 kg/hectare and 116.4 kg/hectare, respectively.
15
SESRIC, 2014
29
Figure 24. Fertilizer Use in the OIC by Sub-Regions
kg/ha
140
120
100
114.9
116.4
2007
2012
85.4
76.0
80
55.4
60
60.0
40
20
4.7
5.6
6.9
2002
2007
2012
0
African Group
2002
2007
Arab Group
2012
2002
Asian Group
Source: Calculated by using Worldbank Data and FAOSTAT
2.6.
Mechanization
The ratio of number of tractor per 1,000 hectares of arable land in the OIC countries
declined to 6.9 in 2008 from 9.8 in 2002. This reduction shows that 1,000 hectares of arable
land needed to be harvested by 6.9 tractors in 2008, instead of 9.8 in 2002. Even though the
number of tractors used increased in the OIC countries between 2002 and 2008, increase in
the arable land area was higher. Hence, this situation leads to a decrease in the ratio of number
of tractor used in arable land in the OIC.
Developed countries and other developing countries also experienced a similar
reduction in this ratio. As of 2008, the world average was 4.8 and the average of other
developing countries was 1.72. In other words, compared with other developing countries and
the world average, the OIC Countries are in a better position collectively in terms of tractor
use. Nevertheless, the OIC Countries still have insufficient agricultural mechanization relative
to developed countries group in which the ratio is calculated as 10. Therefore, considering that
the same area of arable land is harvested by 6.9 tractors in the OIC countries compared to 10
tractors in developed countries, the use of agricultural machinery in the OIC Countries needs
to be improved.16
16
SESRIC, 2014
30
3. The State of Food Insecurity
According to the FAO, food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical,
social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food which meets their dietary
needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Household food security is the
application of this concept to the family level, with individuals within households as the focus
of concern.17
Even though the definition of food security can be easily understood, the measurement
of food security requires much more efforts. In order to tackle this issue, many experts and
international organizations have studied the concept with the aim of building a wide food
security information system. Hence, a set of indicators which aims to capture various aspects
of food insecurity was defined in September 2011 by the Committee on World Food Security
hosted at FAO headquarters. In the selection process of food security indicators, the
availability of data with sufficient coverage was taken into consideration in order to enable
comparisons across regions and over time. Therefore, several indicators which are produced
and published by different international organization are used to reveal the state of food
insecurity in the world.
Regarding the state of food security, the latest set of indicators was released by FAO on
July 9th, 2015. In this study, indicators are classified along the four dimensions of food security
which are availability, access, utilization and stability.18 In parallel to this classification, this
document has been prepared with a view to demonstrating the general picture of the state of
food security in the OIC Member Countries. Nonetheless, considering the scope of this study,
under each dimension of food security, only principle indicators are focused.
Furthermore, the Global Food Security Index which is calculated by The Economist
Intelligence Unit provides a great insight regarding the state of food security. It considers the
core issues of affordability, availability, quality and safety across a set of 109 countries in the
world. Therefore, it assesses which countries are the most and least vulnerable to food
insecurity. Therefore, in addition to FAO’s food security indicators, it is better to see the
performance of OIC Member Countries regarding the food security by drawing on the Global
Food Security Index.
Finally, food losses and waste occurred in the different stages of supply chain is a
growing problem in the world. Along with G20, many international organizations
acknowledged that food losses and waste within the scope of enhancing the food security is a
global problem of enormous economic, environmental and societal significance. Thus, the
current situation of food losses and waste in the world and in the OIC should be examined
within the framework of increasing food security by using available data. Being aware of this
rising concern, COMCEC aims to prepare analytical studies on reducing food losses and waste
17
FAO, 2008
18 FAO, 2015b
31
in the OIC Member Countries in following years. In this study, the general picture of food losses
and waste in the world is presented with the aim of raising the awareness of the Member
Countries this issue, and thereby encouraging the Member Countries to produce reliable and
up-to-date statistics on food losses and waste.
3.1.
Availability
According to FAO definition, availability refers to physical availability of food. It
addresses the supply side of food security and is determined by the level of food production,
stock levels and net trade.19 Therefore, the availability aspect of food security deals with
whether there is sufficient quantity of food available on a consistent basis at the household,
community, country or international level to provide food for everyone.
The availability dimension of food security can be measured by various indicators such
as average dietary energy supply adequacy, average value of food production, share of dietary
energy supply derived from cereals, roots and tubers, average protein supply, average supply
of protein of animal origin. For the scope of this study, average dietary energy supply
adequacy, average value of food production and average protein supply are taken into
consideration.
Figure 25. Average Dietary Energy Supply Adequacy in the OIC and World
Percent
124
123.3
121.8
122
123.0
120
118.0
121.0
116.6
118
116.0
115.4
116
118.0
115.8
114
115.0
112
113.0
110
1990-92
1995-97
2000-02
2005-07
OIC
2010-12
World
2014-16*
Figure 25 illustrates the developments in average dietary energy supply adequacy in the
OIC and world. It is calculated in three year averages from 1990-92 to 2014-16 to provide an
index of adequacy of the food supply in terms of calories. As it is seen in the figure, there is not
a serious problem in the OIC in terms of average dietary energy supply adequacy. According to
2014-2016 period estimation, the average dietary energy supply adequacy of OIC Member
Countries will reach to 123.3 percent; where it was 115.4 percent in the period 1990-1992.
Average dietary energy supply adequacy in the OIC has become slightly higher compared to
the world recently.
19
FAO, 2008
32
At the sub-regional level, average dietary energy supply adequacy is the highest in the
Arab Group with a 138 percent in 2014-2016. Considering the adequacy rate of developed
countries which is 136 percent, Arab Group has moderately higher dietary energy supply
adequacy than developed countries. Arab Group is followed by Asian and African Group with
120 percent of average dietary energy supply adequacy which is slightly lower than the world
average. On the other hand, even though the rate of growth in average dietary energy supply
adequacy is higher in African Group, it is still below the OIC average.
Figure 26. Average Dietary Energy Supply Adequacy in the OIC by Sub-Regions
Percentage
140
138
135
128
130
125
120
120
120
115
113
115
110
128
113
105
105
100
1990-92
2000-02
2014-16
1990-92
African Group
2000-02
2014-16
1990-92
Arab Group
2000-02
2014-16
Asian Group
Average value of food production, which provides a cross country comparison of the
relative economic size of the food production in a country or region, is another indicator to
measure the availability aspects of food security. It is calculated in three year averages, and
expresses the food net production value, in constant 2004-06 international dollars terms, per
caput.
Figure 27. Average Value of Food Production in the OIC and World
Int. dollars/caput
360
310
260
311.0
222.2
223.0
265.0
242.0
210
160
307.0
193.1
181.7
110
1990-92
2000-02
2010-12
OIC
World
33
2011-13
Figure 27 shows the average value of food production from 1990-92 to 2011-13. As of
2011-2013 period, average value of food production in the OIC Member Countries reached to
223 Int. dollars/caput, where it was 182 Int. dollars/caput in 1990-1992. Between these
periods, it has increased 22 percent. However, in 2011-2013 OIC average value of food
production per caput was almost 40 percent lower than the world which shows a great gap
with respect to availability of food in the OIC Member Countries.
Figure 28. Average Value of Food Production in the OIC by Sub-Regions
I$/caput
260
251
240
220
200
200
175
180
160
188
183
195
202
167
158
140
1990-92 2000-02 2011-13 1990-92 2000-02 2011-13 1990-92 2000-02 2011-13
African Group
Arab Group
Asian Group
At the sub-regional level, Asian Group had the highest average value of food production
per caput with 251 Int. dollars/caput, where it was 195 Int. dollars/caput in 1990-1992. As of
2011-2013 period, Asian Group was followed by Arab Group and African Group with 200 Int.
dollars/caput and 183 Int. dollars/caput, respectively. In the last decade, while the growth of
average value of food production in African Group and Arab Group realized below 10 percent,
it is recorded as 24 percent in the Asian Group. This relatively high performance in Asian
Group enforced the food security of this region in terms of availability dimension.
In this study, the last indicator examined under the availability facet of food security is
average protein supply. Since the importance of proteins in human diets is substantial and they
are considered as the keystone of body organs, average protein intake of people closely
associated with sufficient and well-balanced nutrition. Therefore, average protein supply per
caput in a day is a useful indicator to measure the food security of a country or region.
34
Figure 29. Average Protein Supply in the OIC and World
gr/caput/day
85
80
75.0
73.0
75
79.0
77.0
69.0
70
70.2
65
67.4
60
62.2
64.1
65.0
1995-97
OIC
2000-02
55
50
1990-92
2005-07
World
2009-11
Figure 29 illustrates that average protein supply per caput in a day in the OIC Member
Countries reached to 70.2 gr/caput in 2009-2011; while, it was 62.2 gr/caput at the beginning
of 1990s. Compared to the word, it was 12.5 percent lower than world average, and almost 47
percent lower than the developed countries in the period of 2009-2011.
Figure 30. Average Protein Supply in the OIC by Sub-Regions
gr/caput/day
140
120
100
74
80
60
51
57
78
63
83
62
64
69
40
1990-92 2000-02 2009-11 1990-92 2000-02 2009-11 1990-92 2000-02 2009-11
African Group
Arab Group
Asian Group
At the sub-regional level, Arab Group had the highest average protein supply per caput
in a day with 83 gr/caput in 2009-2011. Arab Group was followed by Asian Group and African
Group with 69 gr/caput, and 63 gr/caput, respectively. There has been sufficient protein
35
supply in very limited countries such as Kuwait, Maldives, and Turkey. Nonetheless, in most of
the African Group countries only half of required amount of protein has been supplied.
Furthermore, number of people at risk of undernourishment is a broad indicator.
According to FAO definition, undernourishment means that a person is not able to acquire
enough food to meet the daily minimum dietary energy requirements, over a period of one
year. Therefore, under the availability dimension of food security, it is better to analyze the
undernourishment in the OIC Member Countries. For this purpose, the number of
undernourished people in the OIC is calculated by applying the estimated prevalence of
undernourishment to total population.
Figure 31. Undernourished People in the OIC and its Share in the World
Million People
1,200
1,000
Percent
25
18.4
19.4
19.3
20.3
21.2
20
16.6
800
15
600
10
400
5
200
0
0
1990-92
1995-97
2000-02
2005-07
OIC Total Number of Undernourished People
OIC Undernourished People Share in the World
2010-12
2014-16
World Total Number of Undernourished People
Note: Due to data availability, 25/57 OIC member countries are included.
Figure 31 displays that as of 2014-2016, 168.6 million people are expected to be
undernourished in the OIC Member Countries which accounts for the 21.2 percent of
undernourished people in the world. In the last 25 years, while the number of undernourished
people in the world has fallen gradually, it remains almost the same in the OIC Member
Countries. Therefore, the share of OIC undernourished people in the world has risen from 16.6
percent in 1990-1992 to 21.2 percent 2014-2016. This can be explained by the impact of the
surge in food insecurity, particularly after the food crisis in 2006-2008 that brought forth
serious socioeconomic challenges both for households and policy makers in the developing
regions of Asia & Pacific, Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America & Caribbean where the
majority of the OIC Member Countries are located. 20
20
SESRIC, 2015
36
Figure 32. Undernourished People in the OIC by Sub-Regions
Million People
120
106.7
113.7
98.9
100
80
60
55.4
54.7
54.6
40
20
5.8
11.8
15.1
0
1990-92
2000-02 2014-16* 1990-92
African Group
2000-02 2014-16* 1990-92
Arab Group
2000-02 2014-16*
Asian Group
At the sub- regional level, despite of the higher proportion of undernourishment in
African Group, Asia Group has almost half of the total undernourished people in the Member
Countries due to its high population. Figure 32 shows that as of 2014-2016, 98.6 million
undernourished people are expected to live in the Asia Group, which accounts for nearly 60
percent of undernourished population in the OIC.
After examining the average dietary energy supply adequacy, average value of food
production and average protein supply, it is clear that the availability dimension of food
security in the OIC needs to be fortified. Furthermore, undernourishment is one of the major
problems which need to be alleviated immediately.
3.2.
Access
World Health Organization defines the food access as having sufficient resources to
obtain appropriate foods for a nutritious diet.21 Access dimension of food security is fully met
when all people in a country have all adequate resources needed to acquire sufficient
nutritious and safe food. Therefore, the concept of food accessibility encompasses several
issues such as affordability of individuals to purchase foods, existence of nutritious goods in
nearby grocery stores, sufficient and convenient transportation nets to reach local food
retailers.
In the FAO study of food security indicators, the access dimension of food security is
measured by various indicators such as percent of paved roads over total roads, road density,
21
WHO, 2015
37
rail lines density, gross domestic product per capita, domestic food price index, prevalence of
undernourishment, share of food expenditure of the poor, depth of the food deficit, prevalence
of food inadequacy.22 Since the economic power of a country and individuals directly affects
the level of food accessibility, only food affordability as the most important concept under the
food access is taken into consideration in this study. Hence, for the scope of this study gross
domestic product per capita and domestic food price index are chosen as indicators to
measure the food access of the OIC Member Countries.
Figure 33. GDP Per Capita in the OIC and World
Int. Dollars
16,000
13,088
14,000
11,582
12,000
10,000
10,241
8,832
9,112
8,000
6,000
4,000
13,915
8,412
8,555
2010
2013
7,197
5,234
5,653
1990
1995
OIC
6,248
2,000
2000
2005
World
Source: Calculated by using FAOSTAT considering the purchasing power parity rates.
Figure 33 demonstrates the developments in GDP per capita based on constant 2011
International Dollars using purchasing power parity rates in the OIC and world by using a
weighted population average. Therefore, this indicator provides information on the possibility
of economical access to markets taking into account the purchasing power of regions. As it is
seen in the figure, average GDP per capita of the OIC Member Countries reached to 8,500 Int.
Dollars, while it was 5,200 Int. Dollars in 1990s. Compared to the world, average GDP per
capita of the OIC Member Countries was far away from the world average, which was almost
14,000 Int. Dollars in 2013. Nonetheless, the growth in the GDP per capita of the OIC Member
Countries in the period 1990-2013 realized as 63 percent, which was higher than the world’s
one, 57 percent.
22
FAO, 2015b
38
Figure 34. GDP Per Capita in the OIC by Sub-Regions
Int. Dollars
16,000
14,289
14,000
11,872
12,000
9,626
10,000
8,765
8,000
6,000
4,000
4,752
5,787
3,441
2,237
2,128
1990
2000
2,000
0
African Group
2013
1990
2000
2013
1990
Arab Group
2000
2013
Asian Group
Source: Calculated by using FAOSTAT considering the purchasing power parity rates.
At the sub-regional level, average GDP per capita of Arab Group was the highest with
14,300 Int. Dollars in 2013. It was followed by Asian Group and African Group with 8,800 Int.
Dollars and 3,400 Int. Dollars, respectively. It can be noted that the food access of African
Group with respect to affordability which will be resulted in better nutritional outcomes and
improving access to adequate food in terms of both quantity and quality needs to be improved
soon.
Secondly, domestic food price index, which compares the relative price of food across
countries and over time, is another meaningful indicator to measure the food accessibility of a
country and region. It is calculated as the ratio of food and non-alcoholic beverages
expenditure to actual individual consumption in purchasing power parity terms.
According to FAO data, domestic food price index of the world has increased by 133
percent in the period of 2000-2013.23 In most of the OIC Member Countries, domestic food
price index has boosted substantially and this has limited access to food especially by low
income people and deteriorates the food security in the OIC. Particularly, the Gambia, Guinea,
Mozambique, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Uganda in the African Group; Egypt, Iraq, Syrian Arab
Republic, Yemen in the Arab Group; and Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam,
Indonesia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Suriname in the Asian Group are the countries which
faced high inflation in domestic food prices (see Annex 34). These data has proven that OIC
Member Countries seem to be more affected from the food price increase in the last decade.
The main reasons of an increase in domestic food price in the OIC Member Countries are
considered to be the instability in the Middle East and North Africa, the climate change and the
global food crisis occurred in 2007-2008 and during 2011. Therefore, ensuring the stability of
23
FAO, 2015b
39
food price, which plays an important role to enhance the food access, maintains its importance
in the OIC Member Countries.
3.3.
Utilization
According to FAO definition, utilization refers to the act of food usage and consumption
through adequate diet, clean water, sanitation and health care to reach a state of nutritional
well-being where all physiological needs of individuals are met.24 Therefore, the significance of
non-food inputs is mainly emphasized with respect to utilization aspects of food security.
Hence, general hygiene and sanitation, water quality, health care practices and food safety and
quality are considered as fundamental determinants of food utilization.
In the FAO study of food security indicators, the utilization dimension of food security is
measured by various indicators such as access to improved water sources, access to improved
sanitation facilities, percentage of children under 5 years of age who are stunted, percentage of
children under 5 years of age who are underweight, percentage of adults who are underweight,
prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women, prevalence of anaemia among children under
5 years of age, prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in the population, prevalence of iodine
deficiency. For the scope of this study, access to improved water sources which provides
worthwhile information on people’s health status is chosen as the only indicator to assess the
utilization aspects of food security in the OIC Member Countries.
Figure 35. Access to Improved Water Sources in the OIC and World
Percent
100
95
90
85
80
78.5
85.4
83.0
80.6
75
70
65
71.8
78.8
76.3
73.7
87.8
88.7
81.1
82.4
2010
2012
60
55
50
1990
1995
OIC
2000
2005
World
Figure 35 illustrates the percentage of population having access to improved drinking
water sources in the OIC and world. The figure shows the improvements in the percentage of
the population with reasonable access to an adequate amount of water from an improved
24
FAO, 2006
40
source in the period of 1990-2012. As it is seen in the figure, as of 2012, 82 percent of OIC
population has an access to improved drinking water sources; while it was 72 percent in 1990.
Compared to the world, access to improved water sources in the OIC is lower than the world
average over the years.
At the sub-regional level, there is no serious problem in Asian Group, and Arab Group
with respect to access to improved water sources. The percentage of population having access
to improved drinking water sources has reached to 88 percent in Asian Group in 2012, and 85
percent in Arab Group, which were slightly lower than the world average. Nevertheless, access
to improved water sources in African Group is still a big concern. Even though great extent of
progress has been achieved from the 1990s to the present, the percentage of population
having access to improved drinking water sources of African Group was recorded as 67
percent in 2012.
Figure 36. Access to Improved Water Sources in the OIC by Sub-Regions
Percent
100
90
83
82
82
77
80
67
70
56
60
50
88
85
46
40
1990
2000
2012
African Group
1990
2000
Arab Group
2012
1990
2000
2012
Asian Group
3.4.
Stability
The definition of food security stresses the time spatial extent of food security by stating
“when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to safe and nutritious
food … for an active and healthy life”. In this definition, at all times refer to the stability aspect
by covering the availability, access and utilization dimension of food security on a periodic
basis. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of having to reduce the risk of adverse
effects on the other three dimensions, namely availability, access and utilization. Therefore,
these three dimensions should be stable over time and not be affected negatively by natural
(drought, floods), social (unemployment), economic, (rising food prices) or political factors
(social unrest).
41
Accordingly, FAO describes the stability dimension of food security such that a
population, household or individual must have acquire to adequate food at all times without
any risk losing access to food as a consequence of sudden shocks (e.g. an economic or climatic
crisis) or cyclical events (e.g. seasonal food insecurity).25
In the FAO study of food security indicators, the access dimension of food security is
measured by various indicators such as cereal import dependency ratio, percent of arable land
equipped for irrigation, value of food imports over total merchandise exports, political stability
and absence of violence/terrorism, domestic food price volatility, per capita food production
variability, per capita food supply variability. In this study, among these indicators, the
domestic food price volatility which compares the variations of the domestic food price index
across countries and time is seen as the most useful indicator to assess the stability dimension
of food security in the OIC Member Countries.
Annex 36 illustrates the domestic food price volatility index that measures the
variability in the relative price of food in the OIC Member Countries and world. It is calculated
from the monthly domestic food price level index using monthly consumer and general food
price indices and purchasing power parity data. As seen in the Annex 36, food price volatility in
the world realized between 5-10 index number. Similar to the global trends, domestic food
price volatility in some OIC Member Countries such as Cameroon, Gambia, Mozambique,
Kuwait, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Tunisia, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam and Malaysia
realized between these intervals. Nonetheless, Burkina Faso, Togo, Uganda, Bahrain, Iraq, Iran
and Maldives have experienced high domestic food price volatility which significantly damages
the stability dimension of food security.
3.5.
Food Security Index
The Global Food Security Index, developed by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), is
an important study to understand the food security situation of countries across years. It
considers the core issues of food affordability, availability, and quality across a set of 109
countries, 34 of which are the OIC Member Countries. The index is a dynamic quantitative and
qualitative scoring model and is constructed from over 28 indicators that measure the drivers
of food security across both developed and developing countries. The overall goal of the study
is to understand which countries are the most and least vulnerable to food insecurity through
an examination of the three internationally recognized areas of assessment: Affordability,
Availability, and Utilization.26
While food security research is the focus of many organizations worldwide, this effort is
distinct for two main reasons. First, the study looks beyond hunger to the underlying factors
affecting food insecurity. Second, the study features a unique adjustment that measures the
impact of recent shifts in food prices and income growth on a country’s ability to afford food.
25
26
FAO, 2006
EIU, 2015
42
The adjustment factor is a top-level way of accounting for price shocks that might compromise
or further degrade a country’s food security.27
In the index, countries are categorized into 4 different categories which are Best
Environment, Good Environment, Moderate Environment and Needs Improvement. According
to this index, the top 5 OIC countries which are more successful in terms of food security are
Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, and Turkey. As it is seen in table
unfortunately, most of the OIC countries are in the Needs Improvement Category.
On the other hand, when it is compared to 2013 and 2014, most of the OIC countries
have improved their Food Security Score significantly. While 26 out of 34 OIC countries have
improved their score, only 8 OIC countries have deteriorated their score. Uganda, Togo, Benin,
Mali, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Azerbaijan, Cote d’Ivoire, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia are the most
successful countries regarding the improvement of food security scores in the OIC Member
Countries.
Table 9. Global Food Security Index
Best Environment
Score 72-89
Moderate
Environment
Score 38-54
Good Environment
Score 54-72
Needs Improvement
Score 25-38
1
United States
89.3
2
Un. Arab Emirates
70.9
Kazakhstan
53.3
Cameroon
38.1
2
Austria
85.5
3
Saudi Arabia
69.6
Jordan
53.0
Nigeria
36.5
3
Netherlands
84.4
4
Malaysia
68.0
Azerbaijan
50.3
Bangladesh
36.3
4
Norway
84.4
5
Turkey
63.8
Morocco
50.1
Sierra Leone
35.8
5
Singapore
84.3
Tunisia
55.7
Egypt
49.3
Yemen
35.2
6
Switzerland
84.2
Algeria
47.5
Mali
33.4
7
Ireland
84.0
Indonesia
46.5
Sudan
32.7
8
Canada
83.7
Uzbekistan
46.0
Guinea
32.5
9
Germany
83.7
Uganda
45.6
Burkina Faso
31.6
10
France
83.4
Cote d’Ivoire
44.7
Mozambique
31.0
…
…
…
Pakistan
43.6
Niger
30.5
…
…
…
Ghana
43.1
Togo
28.4
1
Kuwait
72.2
Syria
40.3
Chad
25.5
Tajikistan
38.7
Benin
38.4
Senegal
38.4
Source: EIU, 2015
27
EIU, 2015
43
3.6.
Food Losses and Wastes
According to the FAO estimation, roughly one-third of the annual global food
production, i.e., 1.3 billion tons of food, is lost in the supply chain before reaching to the final
consumer. This is equivalent to more than half of the world's annual cereals crop production.
In other words, about 24 percent of all calories which is currently produced cannot be utilized
for human consumption28. Moreover, about 350 million tons of food is wasted by consumers at
global level. This situation means that huge amounts of resources such as labor, land, water,
fertilizer, other inputs and energy are used in vain during food supply chain29.
“The decrease in edible food mass throughout the part of the supply chain that
specifically leads to edible food for human consumption30” is called food losses. Therefore, food
losses refer to pre-consumer stage losses which are the losses in production, post-harvest
handling, storage, processing, and distribution stages. The food losses caused by consumers
are called food waste, which is occurred at the end of the food chain. Food losses and waste
occurred in different stages in the supply chain are categorized and called as follows;
On-Farm Losses: Any losses in the agricultural production stage till completion of
harvesting are called on-farm losses.
Post-harvest Losses: Post-harvest losses refer to food damage or degradation of food
during the different stages such as handling, storage, processing, packaging, and distribution.
In other words, any food losses or degradation of food from the agricultural production stage
to the moment of final consumption is defined as post-harvest losses.
Food Waste: Food waste refers to consumer stage losses in food supply chain.
According to the research commissioned by FAO, the food losses occurs especially
during the early and middle stages of food supply chain, which is production and post-harvest
period in developing countries. As demonstrated in Figure 37, most of the food resources are
lost in the phases of production and handling and storage in developing countries. These losses
are mainly based on technical limitations and derived from insufficient modern harvest, postharvest and storage machinery and equipment31. Food waste in developing countries are
relatively less in the developing countries since limited income and food resources do not
allow to buy large amount of food products. Therefore, consumers buy only enough food for
their own use and this situation decreases the food waste during consumption phase32.
Searchinger et al., 2013
Postharvest Education Foundation, 2013
30 FAO, 2014
31 Ibid.
32 FAO, 2011
28
29
44
Figure 37. Share of Total Food Loss and Waste by Stage in the Value Chain (2009)
Percent
40%
35%
7%
30%
25%
20%
15%
14%
15%
10%
9%
Production
Handling and Storage
28%
10%
5%
7%
0%
2%
2%
5%
Processing and
Packaging
Distribution and
Market
Developed Countries
Developing Countries
Consumption
Source: World Resources Institute analysis based on FAO, 2011
On the other hand, as indicated in the Figure 37, food waste is a more common and
serious problem in developed countries. Every year, consumers in developed countries waste
almost as much food (222 million tons) as the entire net food production of Sub-Saharan Africa
(230 million tons).33 The most important reason for food waste at the consumption level in
developed countries is abundance and consumers attitudes. Moreover, in these countries
considerable amount of food is also lost during the production and post-harvest phases even
but this is mainly because of high quality standards of the supermarkets, such as weight, size,
shape and appearance of crops34.
Most of the OIC Member Countries is defined as developing countries and these
countries are predominantly classified in Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa, West and
Central Asia Regions35. As demonstrated in Figure 38, in these regions overall food losses and
waste occur during the production and handling phases of food chain similar to the trends in
developing countries.
The pattern and size of food losses and waste throughout the food supply chain
remains poorly understood for the vast majority of the OIC member countries. Many
smallholder farmers in these countries live on the margins of food insecurity, and a reduction
in food losses could have an immediate and significant impact on their livelihoods. Considering
the importance of food losses and wastes in the Member Countries, 7th, 8th and 9th Meetings
of the COMCEC Agriculture Working Group will be dedicated to this theme. Therefore, the
analytical studies which will examine the food losses and waste in the member countries and
its impact on food security, will be very useful for raising awareness in the OIC Member
Countries.
Ibid
Ibid
35 SIK, 2013
33
34
45
The causes of food losses on-farm period vary according to agricultural commodities.
For instance, such losses in vegetable commodities and products are mainly caused by
diseases, insects, weeds, and rodents, severe weather during planting and inefficient seeding36.
Moreover, unavailability of harvest fleets or outdated harvest machineries can also bring about
delayed or deteriorated harvest. Regarding root and tuber losses, in low income countries, the
main reasons are outdated production technologies, disease and pest as well as high
temperatures during the harvest period and little or no access to pre-cooling facilities. On the
other hand, in high income countries, rigorous standards relating to the weight, size shape and
appearance may result to high losses at the farm-level37.
Regarding livestock and fisheries products, on-farm food losses mainly refer to death
and diseases before first-stage processing, such as animal death during breeding for bovine
and poultry meat, discards during fishing for fish, and decreased milk production due to dairy
cow diseases for milk38.
Figure 38. Share of Stages in Value Chain in Food Lost or Wasted by Region
Percent
100%
90%
17%
80%
6%
70%
9%
17%
23%
7%
60%
2%
11%
50%
23%
23%
28%
32%
39%
12%
5%
9%
21%
22%
4%
37%
6%
37%
18%
40%
17%
61%
30%
46%
20%
4%
52%
34%
10%
7%
15%
28%
13%
13%
5%
0%
North America
and Oceania
Production
Industrialized
Asia
Europe
Handling and Storage
North Africa, Latin America
West and Central
Asia
Processing
South and
Southeast Asia
Distribution and Market
Sub-Saharan
Africa
Consumption
Source: World Resources Institute analysis based on FAO, 2011
Reducing food loss and waste has significant potential benefits for ensuring food
security in the World. With comprehensive strategies for reducing food loss and waste,
countries can increase food availability and alleviate undernourishment and poverty. It has
also environmental benefits with reducing unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions and wasted
water and land.
Liu G., 2014
FAO, 2014
38 Liu G., 2014
36
37
46
4. Agricultural Cooperation under the COMCEC
Agriculture is one of the most important cooperation areas of the COMCEC. It has been
prioritized by the COMCEC Economic Summit held in November 2009 in İstanbul. The COMCEC
Strategy, adopted by the 4th Extraordinary Islamic Summit held on 14-15 August 2012 in
Makkah, has also determined agriculture as one of the six cooperation areas of the COMCEC.
The COMCEC Strategy sets the “Increasing the productivity of agricultural sector and
sustaining food security in the OIC Member Countries” as its strategic objective. The COMCEC
Strategy also highlights the common challenges of the agriculture sector in the OIC Member
Countries, among others, as the following:







Low level of agricultural productivity,
Lack of appropriate legal and regulatory framework,
Low agro-industry investments,
Poor basic infrastructure and related services
Low level of agricultural mechanization,
Low level of research and development activities,
Lack of reliable and up-to-date data
In order to address these challenges, the COMCEC Strategy, in its Agriculture Section,
identifies four Output Areas (Increasing Productivity, Regulatory Framework and Institutional
Capacity, Reliable and Up-to-date Data and Market Performance) as well as specific expected
outcomes under them.
In addition, this Outlook prepared by the COMCEC Coordination Office elaborately sets
out some problems of the OIC agriculture sector with a view to display the situation in the OIC
Member Countries. The Outlook highlights that the challenges facing the OIC Member
Countries need to be determined accurately and extensively. In this respect, in order to
contribute to development of the OIC Agriculture sector, it is crucial to initiate projects and
programmes to reach the expected outcomes determined in accordance with the
aforementioned challenges.
With the purpose of realizing the objectives and the expected outcomes of the
cooperation areas, Working Groups (WG) have been formed under each cooperation area. The
COMCEC Agriculture Working Group has been established to achieve the objectives of the
COMCEC Strategy in this context. Within the framework of the Strategy, the COMCEC
Agriculture Working Group provides a regular platform for the member country experts to
discuss their common issues, concerns and problems as well as to share experiences and good
practices. Moreover, the Agriculture Working Group serves in developing a common
understanding and approximating policies among the member countries in this crucial sector.
In this respect, the first meeting of the Agriculture WG was held on 6th June 2013 with the
theme of “Increasing Agricultural Productivity in the OIC Member Countries: Improving
Irrigation Capacity”. The second meeting was also held on 19th December 2013 with the
theme of "Encouraging Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) in the OIC Member Countries for
47
Increasing Agricultural Productivity." Furthermore, the third meeting Agriculture WG was held
on April 3rd, 2014 in Ankara with the theme of “Improving the Statistical Capacity of the
Agriculture Sector in the OIC Member Countries”. After that, fourth meeting of the COMCEC
Agriculture Working Group was held on September 25th, 2014 with the theme of “Facilitating
Smallholder Farmers’ Market Access in the OIC Member Countries” Lastly, Agriculture
Working Group gathered its fifth meeting with the theme of “Improving Institutional Capacity:
Strengthening Farmer Organizations in the OIC Member Countries” on March 5th, 2015 in
Ankara, Turkey.
Furthermore, the member countries having registered to the Agriculture Working
Group have the chance to propose multilateral cooperation projects within the framework of
the COMCEC Project Funding, which is another important implementation instrument of the
Strategy. The projects to be financed under the COMCEC Project Funding need to serve
multilateral cooperation and be designed in accordance with the objectives and the expected
outcomes defined by the Strategy in its agriculture section.
The first Project Call under the COMCEC Project Funding was made in September 2013.
Within the framework of the first project call of the COMCEC Project Funding, the project titled
“Pakistan Bioremediation Model for Wastewater Treatment and Capacity Building Program
among OIC Countries” proposed by Pakistan was implemented successfully and completed in
December 2014. Purpose of the project was to develop capacity for effective biological
treatment and management of wastewater in five OIC countries namely Pakistan, Afghanistan,
United Arab Emirates, Bangladesh and Turkey.
Moreover, the second Project Call was made in September 2014 and Member
Countries of the Agriculture Working Group have submitted 15 projects to the COMCEC
Coordination Office in this regard. 4 of these projects are announced as final-listed and became
operational after the Signing Ceremony held on March 30th, 2015. These projects were
submitted from Chad, Indonesia, Surinam and Turkey. Project titles and brief information
about the projects to be implemented in 2015 are as follows;

Chad will implement a project on “Support to the Agricultural Training Centers” with
the participation of Burkina Faso and Turkey. The project aims at developing
capacities of young rural farmers and experts working in agricultural training centers.

The project titled “Improving the income of small and medium scale farmers in the OIC
Member States through Integrated Farming System” was submitted by Indonesia with
three partner countries namely, Sudan, Gambia and Egypt. Purpose of the project is to
enhance capacity of the small and medium scale farmers in partner countries through
integrated farming system.

Suriname submitted the project titled “Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) for
Greenhouse Vegetable Crops; Principles for Tropical Climate Areas” with the
participation of minimum 2 member countries. Main purpose of the project is to
48
increase the quality and effectiveness of the public services to support and train
farmers by taking tropic climatic conditions into account.

Turkey will implement a project titled “The Establishment of Database, Network
Connection and Web Pages of Smallholders/family Farmer’s Agricultural Cooperatives
between COMCEC Member States” with the participation of 19 Member Countries. The
project aims at identification of system requirements for a trade information system to
be established among member countries along with a roadmap for establishment of
information infrastructure for improving trade of agricultural products.
There are also ongoing activities in the field of agriculture under the auspices of the
COMCEC. Till now, six Ministerial Meetings on Agriculture have been held. The 6th Ministerial
Meeting on Agriculture was held on 3-5 October 2011 in Istanbul, Turkey, with the theme of
“Food Security: Agricultural Development and Access to Food and Nutrition in OIC Countries”.
The Meeting highlighted the importance of exchanging knowledge and experience and
developing technical cooperation, capacity building and training programs among the member
countries. Moreover, 1st Session of the Islamic Organization for Food Security General
Assembly and 7th Session of the OIC Ministerial Conference on Food Security and Agricultural
Development will be held on 12-14 October 2015 in Astana, Kazakhstan.
Furthermore, the other activities which have been held in recent years in the field of
Agriculture under the COMCEC are as the following:






Experts Group Meeting on Achieving Food Security in OIC Member Countries in
Post Crisis World (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 2-3 May 2010),
IDB Symposium on Achieving Food Security in Member Countries (Baku,
Azerbaijan 23 June 2010),
Workshop on Agriculture and Rural Development (Antalya, Turkey 16-18
September 2010),
Meeting of High Level Officials/Experts of the OIC Member States on Food
Security (İzmir, Turkey 28-29 September 2010),
Exchange of Views Session of the 26th meeting of the COMCEC on Agriculture
and Rural Development (İstanbul, Turkey 5-8 October 2010)
ICCIA organized a Workshop on Capacity Building on Value Chain Analysis for
Agri-Business in Ankara, Turkey on December 1st to 3rd, 2014.
Another important activity in this field was the organization of the Workshop on
“Enhancing the Capacity of the Member States in Wheat Production” by the Ministry of Food,
Agriculture and Livestock of the Republic of Turkey and the COMCEC Coordination Office on
15-16 January 2013 in İzmir, Turkey.
The workshop, among others, has highlighted the following39:
The Report of the Workshop on “Enhancing Wheat Production in the Member Countries”. (Available in the COMCEC Web
Site (www.comcec.org)
39
49






Enhancing institutional and human capacity in the member states for increasing
wheat production in the OIC Member Countries.
Improving the cooperation and communication among the agricultural research
centers of the member countries.
Conducting joint research programs and projects in wheat production.
Improving data collection, compilation, and processing capacity of the member
states.
Encouraging investments and developing joint investment programs and
projects.
Introducing new varieties in wheat production for increasing productivity.
50
Conclusion
After examining the macro agricultural indicators, sectoral indicators and state of food
security, it is evident that agriculture is one of the prominent sectors in the OIC Member
Countries. Even though agriculture activity in most OIC countries has been slightly replaced by
services and industrial activity over time, the power of agriculture sector on national
economies is still undeniable. For this reason, agricultural based economy has prevailed in
most of the individual countries with some exceptions at sub-regional levels.
The value of agricultural production in the OIC Member Countries rose in the last
decades due to increases in production as well as higher prices. Furthermore, the share of OIC
agricultural production in the world agricultural production has an increasing trend. This
achievement in agriculture sector can be explained by noteworthy rate of agricultural growth
in the OIC that surpassed the world average during the period of 1993-2013.
Nonetheless, the potential of agricultural sector in OIC Member Countries could still be
utilized to increase the agricultural productivity and to sustain the food security. The need for
productivity improvement in the most common, important and strategic crops such as wheat,
maize and cotton seed, which plays a crucial role in the OIC production, consumption and
trade, is still valid. Moreover, millions of people in the Member Countries are facing
undernourishment. Recent data show that 168.6 million people are undernourished in the OIC
Member Countries which accounts for the 21.2 percent of undernourished people in the world.
Furthermore, after examining the related indicators with respect to all dimensions of food
security such as availability, access, utilization and stability, it is clear that more efforts are still
required to enhance the state of food security level in member states.
At the sub-regional and individual country level, the situation of agriculture sector in the
OIC Member Countries substantially differs. On the one hand, there are countries having a well
performing agriculture sector, on the other hand, there are many countries which have
considerable structural challenges and problems in their agriculture sector mainly arising
from the agro-ecological conditions, different land and water resources in terms of quantity
and quality, lack of a modern agricultural infrastructure and inefficient input utilization.
Notwithstanding the structural issues mentioned above, the OIC Member countries have
also a great potential in agriculture sector especially for cross country investments. On the
other hand, as the global demand for quality food is increasing, along with efforts for
increasing quantity, quality related issues also need to be addressed adequately. Among
others, organic farming, Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), prevention of post-harvest losses,
wastage and extravagance, ensuring mid-long term sustainability and introducing agriculture
production systems commensurate with agro ecological conditions of the country should be
given special emphasis in agricultural planning. Especially, the percentage of post-harvest
losses is quite high in most of the OIC countries. Nonetheless, with simple measures, basic
infrastructure and training, these losses will be decreased substantially which will, in turn,
increase the availability of food to a great extent. Furthermore, while water scarcity is a major
51
problem in various parts of the OIC, even in arid or semi-arid areas some specialty crops and
medicinal plants can be grown.
With careful planning based on detailed studies and required allocations at national
level and enhancing regional cooperation, experience sharing and mobilizing resources at
international level, the challenges mentioned throughout the Outlook can be addressed to a
great extent. In this framework, the COMCEC Project Funding which offers grants for capacity
building and experience sharing projects should be used efficiently.
52
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Liu G., Food Losses and Food Waste in China, OECD, 2014.
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54
Annexes
Annex 1: The Official 3 Regional Groups of the OIC Member States*
Arab Group
Asian Group
African Group
Algeria
Afghanistan
Benin
Bahrain
Albania
Burkina Faso
Comoros
Azerbaijan
Cameroon
Djibouti
Bangladesh
Chad
Egypt
Brunei Darussalam
Cote d’Ivoire
Iraq
Indonesia
Gabon
Jordan
Iran
Gambia
Kuwait
Kazakhstan
Guinea
Lebanon
Kyrgyz Republic
Guinea-Bissau
Libya
Malaysia
Mali
Mauritania
Maldives
Mozambique
Morocco
Pakistan
Niger
Oman
Tajikistan
Nigeria
Palestine
Turkey
Senegal
Qatar
Turkmenistan
Sierra Leone
Saudi Arabia
Uzbekistan
Togo
Somalia
Guyana*
Uganda
Sudan
Suriname *
Syria
Tunisia
Yemen
55
Annex 2: Value Added, Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing in the OIC Member Countries and
Sub-Regions Current Prices Value million US Dollars
1990
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Syrian Arab Republic
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
OIC Member Countries Total
World
30,191.88
639.35
875.73
2,453.30
548.76
3,511.29
407.35
141.14
608.19
271.42
1,150.35
1,184.92
877.36
13,279.40
1,066.99
401.55
549.39
2,225.39
47,351.53
7,002.55
35.92
100.97
12.09
6,499.10
5,205.45
283.71
162.94
153.22
2,355.11
744.90
5,320.89
312.24
240.90
57.69
6,704.53
700.64
5,099.71
3,157.63
1,808.14
536.70
856.50
114,654.53
1,294.40
893.53
1,767.66
9,278.37
34.01
22,101.90
15,883.40
10,102.40
859.49
6,956.42
22.71
13,126.60
796.41
25,303.90
990.50
4,921.09
189.82
131.92
192,197.94
1,310,764.90
1995
27,758.29
718.02
753.00
1,984.78
506.88
2,720.63
372.26
167.88
1,049.36
406.80
908.61
850.84
625.54
11,639.80
851.10
534.38
494.22
3,174.19
47,686.76
4,123.98
49.94
94.83
14.11
10,557.00
764.38
248.44
113.92
850.97
2,116.52
698.43
5,609.57
395.94
388.00
79.95
8,426.13
698.90
4,529.07
3,820.39
1,913.75
1,174.95
1,017.59
134,975.34
2,125.80
1,351.95
780.85
10,420.90
54.99
34,472.30
20,024.70
2,535.25
606.79
11,945.80
38.09
19,932.60
415.65
25,533.70
353.24
3,787.60
339.08
256.05
210,420.39
1,191,541.15
2000
29,468.08
823.82
810.59
1,900.97
563.79
2,546.43
294.46
192.07
673.76
207.27
889.96
1,014.43
672.76
14,845.20
789.03
396.08
454.70
2,392.76
54,254.13
4,599.69
57.76
98.03
17.06
12,432.20
971.74
170.51
133.66
1,070.65
2,661.45
444.58
4,916.51
403.64
417.60
66.21
9,326.25
1,123.00
4,662.41
4,864.11
2,148.70
2,360.68
1,307.69
119,486.80
2,013.19
854.48
848.12
12,160.60
61.48
25,746.50
13,660.20
1,483.62
468.29
8,259.57
46.80
20,974.40
216.21
26,898.30
1,131.92
4,135.53
288.33
239.26
203,209.01
1,103,644.70
Source: UNSTAT
56
2005
70,762.45
1,407.15
1,927.98
3,157.74
1,222.03
3,860.04
477.48
168.94
654.41
258.96
1,898.59
1,819.10
1,430.25
46,016.90
1,272.23
815.20
828.56
3,546.89
72,742.66
7,937.30
51.57
197.45
22.60
12,895.90
3,440.32
347.25
243.15
765.51
1,106.33
615.40
7,847.14
502.44
253.30
59.34
10,579.10
1,222.13
11,606.40
5,762.64
2,959.30
2,520.41
1,807.68
169,316.64
2,266.79
1,517.00
1,211.63
12,095.90
90.24
37,524.90
18,788.50
3,638.51
700.60
11,859.20
77.70
26,903.40
490.03
45,187.90
2,629.41
3,790.60
310.97
233.36
312,821.75
1,512,109.29
2010
126,003.41
2,127.62
2,915.14
5,118.14
1,875.60
6,065.05
556.13
275.58
1,256.55
381.09
3,428.00
2,853.94
2,338.81
86,820.10
1,976.41
1,364.88
1,300.80
5,349.57
126,897.19
13,648.50
76.54
260.18
38.06
28,632.40
7,150.63
789.94
562.44
1,477.94
2,008.23
880.28
12,538.00
810.58
497.70
147.53
12,550.20
566.61
22,842.90
11,935.60
3,319.08
2,448.49
3,715.36
322,314.35
4,462.63
2,141.59
2,933.41
19,467.70
94.02
108,372.00
37,083.90
6,677.72
836.53
25,647.90
92.20
40,628.20
1,105.12
61,708.80
3,176.79
7,112.19
359.87
413.78
575,214.95
2,572,496.65
2013
155,729.25
2,742.69
3,969.68
6,252.40
1,891.07
7,624.08
587.31
199.24
1,676.30
470.16
3,774.04
4,242.61
2,755.48
106,900.00
2,117.00
2,357.82
1,620.58
6,548.79
144,585.70
20,508.90
89.42
275.23
48.75
34,368.90
9,213.02
1,005.21
618.16
1,852.74
1,614.66
1,096.72
15,759.30
1,009.36
521.97
190.93
13,769.50
739.71
23,067.00
7,168.64
3,887.53
2,653.51
5,126.54
376,352.84
5,313.21
2,469.05
3,897.69
23,782.90
116.90
125,323.00
41,370.10
10,302.60
1,096.07
29,135.30
93.80
53,864.50
1,801.28
60,752.20
5,887.11
10,235.10
494.45
417.58
676,667.79
3,261,984.76
Annex 3: Agricultural GDP Share of Member Countries in the OIC (%)
Country/Region
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
1990
1995
15.71
0.33
0.46
1.28
0.29
1.83
0.21
0.07
0.32
0.14
0.60
0.62
0.46
6.91
0.56
0.21
0.29
1.16
24.64
3.64
0.02
0.05
0.01
3.38
2.71
0.15
0.08
0.08
1.23
0.39
2.77
0.16
0.13
0.03
3.49
0.36
2.65
1.64
0.94
0.28
0.45
59.65
0.67
0.46
0.92
4.83
0.02
11.50
8.26
5.26
0.45
3.62
0.01
6.83
0.41
13.17
0.52
2.56
0.10
0.07
100.00
2000
13.19
0.34
0.36
0.94
0.24
1.29
0.18
0.08
0.50
0.19
0.43
0.40
0.30
5.53
0.40
0.25
0.23
1.51
22.66
1.96
0.02
0.05
0.01
5.02
0.36
0.12
0.05
0.40
1.01
0.33
2.67
0.19
0.18
0.04
4.00
0.33
2.15
1.82
0.91
0.56
0.48
64.15
1.01
0.64
0.37
4.95
0.03
16.38
9.52
1.20
0.29
5.68
0.02
9.47
0.20
12.13
0.17
1.80
0.16
0.12
100.00
2005
14.50
0.41
0.40
0.94
0.28
1.25
0.14
0.09
0.33
0.10
0.44
0.50
0.33
7.31
0.39
0.19
0.22
1.18
26.70
2.26
0.03
0.05
0.01
6.12
0.48
0.08
0.07
0.53
1.31
0.22
2.42
0.20
0.21
0.03
4.59
0.55
2.29
2.39
1.06
1.16
0.64
58.80
0.99
0.42
0.42
5.98
0.03
12.67
6.72
0.73
0.23
4.06
0.02
10.32
0.11
13.24
0.56
2.04
0.14
0.12
100.00
Source: UNSTAT
57
2010
22.62
0.45
0.62
1.01
0.39
1.23
0.15
0.05
0.21
0.08
0.61
0.58
0.46
14.71
0.41
0.26
0.26
1.13
23.25
2.54
0.02
0.06
0.01
4.12
1.10
0.11
0.08
0.24
0.35
0.20
2.51
0.16
0.08
0.02
3.38
0.39
3.71
1.84
0.95
0.81
0.58
54.13
0.72
0.48
0.39
3.87
0.03
12.00
6.01
1.16
0.22
3.79
0.02
8.60
0.16
14.45
0.84
1.21
0.10
0.07
100.00
2013
21.91
0.37
0.51
0.89
0.33
1.05
0.10
0.05
0.22
0.07
0.60
0.50
0.41
15.09
0.34
0.24
0.23
0.93
22.06
2.37
0.01
0.05
0.01
4.98
1.24
0.14
0.10
0.26
0.35
0.15
2.18
0.14
0.09
0.03
2.18
0.10
3.97
2.07
0.58
0.43
0.65
56.03
0.78
0.37
0.51
3.38
0.02
18.84
6.45
1.16
0.15
4.46
0.02
7.06
0.19
10.73
0.55
1.24
0.06
0.07
100.00
23.01
0.41
0.59
0.92
0.28
1.13
0.09
0.03
0.25
0.07
0.56
0.63
0.41
15.80
0.31
0.35
0.24
0.97
21.37
3.03
0.01
0.04
0.01
5.08
1.36
0.15
0.09
0.27
0.24
0.16
2.33
0.15
0.08
0.03
2.03
0.11
3.41
1.06
0.57
0.39
0.76
55.62
0.79
0.36
0.58
3.51
0.02
18.52
6.11
1.52
0.16
4.31
0.01
7.96
0.27
8.98
0.87
1.51
0.07
0.06
100.00
Annex 4: Total GDP/breakdown at current prices in million US Dollars
Country
African
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Palestine
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
OIC
World
1990
114,707.30
1,807.09
3,042.40
11,293.21
1,564.27
11,823.90
5,930.84
793.83
3,117.81
608.55
2,407.58
3,192.25
2,578.84
54,075.55
5,593.41
834.08
1,451.12
4,592.56
443,724.75
58,742.50
4,802.30
249.73
394.73
33,184.77
27,530.78
3,797.58
18,623.36
2,965.71
34,858.63
1,627.00
26,613.08
11,696.84
7,493.13
117,042.45
1,010.41
12,331.03
11,163.55
12,231.80
51,745.33
3,786.44
1,833.59
600,418.45
3,621.60
2,887.27
5,958.38
30,823.90
3,520.34
125,902.24
89,024.02
31,814.19
2,555.61
46,604.75
283.79
46,656.12
2,964.72
188,464.83
3,072.58
14,890.43
613.17
760.51
1,158,850.50
21,954,734.36
1995
98,617.71
2,028.55
2,195.68
8,366.17
1,394.86
10,201.37
4,985.14
814.97
4,084.88
738.89
2,408.65
2,478.10
1,741.73
43,043.30
4,378.17
1,110.26
1,178.71
7,468.28
515,196.72
39,968.42
6,660.51
237.68
438.03
62,917.23
6,209.46
5,845.42
27,512.12
10,768.27
31,750.25
1,600.41
34,691.15
13,680.79
8,311.26
143,075.28
1,163.09
12,209.18
13,546.73
18,227.64
67,426.78
5,885.53
3,071.50
808,657.79
3,236.30
2,662.12
2,905.65
41,354.34
4,733.93
224,365.56
109,713.71
19,710.85
1,406.32
94,752.04
573.51
70,578.08
1,315.42
215,423.49
2,095.52
12,059.70
913.58
857.68
1,422,472.21
29,393,319.84
2000
2005
125,086.64
2,180.80
2,469.02
8,648.65
1,332.29
10,261.58
5,063.54
805.32
2,967.99
356.59
2,454.35
4,195.08
1,633.93
69,549.01
4,121.84
820.45
1,201.75
7,024.46
714,496.68
52,531.42
8,914.55
205.45
486.03
89,812.88
21,027.21
7,425.94
39,018.54
16,495.16
41,039.14
1,239.00
34,547.86
19,720.20
18,051.37
189,424.23
1,866.62
12,582.66
19,665.72
19,333.63
106,569.55
10,680.03
3,859.50
793,917.79
3,531.87
3,256.39
4,977.88
49,873.80
6,001.28
165,021.02
102,303.66
17,243.52
1,280.11
97,706.75
897.05
72,314.12
790.80
249,549.58
4,932.31
12,036.77
1,039.62
1,161.26
1,633,501.11
31,783,275.05
Source: UNSTAT
58
276,144.37
3,993.33
5,012.45
15,443.50
5,749.11
15,308.55
9,168.75
590.33
2,689.09
567.61
5,068.60
6,981.05
3,141.65
179,853.18
7,569.06
1,599.24
1,911.34
11,497.54
1,190,306.31
99,055.30
15,810.85
406.97
630.33
89,796.40
50,211.34
11,672.80
83,808.22
19,226.53
51,147.62
2,067.09
56,082.07
31,784.20
44,924.52
330,229.07
2,033.87
33,604.99
28,397.00
29,668.69
186,637.73
18,769.92
4,340.80
1,361,344.19
6,195.99
7,553.57
12,320.97
62,796.88
9,531.34
285,868.59
208,889.05
54,849.83
2,237.78
141,852.12
1,030.41
110,522.87
2,062.37
425,514.78
13,980.83
12,867.97
1,208.26
2,060.57
2,827,794.87
44,773,063.56
2010
507,485.75
6,009.86
8,310.06
22,007.07
8,086.31
20,966.51
12,100.85
898.26
4,837.09
811.73
8,463.90
9,618.52
5,336.15
363,359.83
11,317.44
2,474.66
2,822.85
20,064.68
2,114,988.94
158,318.28
25,444.64
556.21
1,019.16
204,660.49
139,405.75
24,375.63
131,186.10
34,526.70
81,363.96
3,962.20
85,730.13
59,875.43
127,576.57
528,125.07
941.57
68,357.43
60,465.11
41,052.56
299,715.48
30,601.64
7,728.80
2,605,245.16
15,086.48
10,366.76
49,602.32
109,304.49
12,358.84
706,558.09
418,192.79
143,299.46
4,461.25
245,152.03
2,231.35
167,248.61
5,058.50
652,481.95
21,835.35
35,903.95
2,045.27
4,057.67
5,227,719.85
62,174,954.15
2013
693,252.67
7,644.74
11,578.54
27,485.64
9,535.81
26,130.27
16,100.92
849.01
6,190.08
995.38
9,887.06
14,633.42
6,965.61
509,133.02
13,242.73
4,815.62
3,628.54
24,436.30
2,807,065.02
200,561.90
32,591.69
642.39
1,317.05
247,216.42
231,258.89
31,259.44
198,297.02
43,965.51
75,075.94
4,758.39
99,650.33
84,394.80
206,687.36
748,445.89
1,229.18
54,086.46
35,164.40
44,308.90
420,605.11
34,228.47
11,319.50
3,196,879.82
20,764.36
11,158.88
69,122.58
146,122.14
16,111.11
868,345.65
489,523.73
208,703.10
6,412.64
309,016.64
2,404.58
212,695.83
7,427.72
728,781.48
40,464.48
52,270.72
2,722.98
4,831.21
6,697,197.51
71,940,751.47
Annex 5: Value Added, Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing in the OIC Member Countries at
constant 2005 prices in million US Dollars
Country
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Palestine
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
OIC
World
1990
32,459.71
703.98
629.30
2,098.86
717.28
3,272.95
350.88
109.40
365.95
185.94
1,306.12
937.95
770.46
16,617.88
957.13
917.21
572.25
1,946.19
51,679.04
3,899.89
30.48
122.15
14.53
7,962.59
2,391.22
295.55
244.98
229.04
734.29
540.27
6,725.67
300.73
59.36
8,015.51
1,696.59
3,828.14
2,771.25
1,975.65
1,027.13
810.66
249.30
120,392.53
1,990.10
1,056.10
1,446.84
7,876.20
42.22
25,681.94
10,783.36
5,569.95
577.56
9,406.45
43.86
15,667.25
542.42
36,236.86
4,537.96
2,541.28
142.94
225.54
204,531.28
1,115,635.21
1995
36,511.81
917.26
914.21
2,073.15
862.75
3,486.93
418.13
104.48
442.97
230.36
1,302.84
1,045.55
851.65
19,160.81
980.59
705.38
640.23
2,374.52
54,978.63
4,742.47
40.98
127.58
16.70
9,247.91
1,167.32
274.93
184.85
672.46
808.10
747.37
4,451.33
406.60
72.83
8,930.10
1,053.74
5,241.79
3,847.74
1,827.29
1,412.33
1,000.99
399.96
127,032.74
2,895.13
1,287.87
706.34
8,430.85
46.34
29,955.65
13,374.93
3,085.10
416.10
9,301.56
47.24
19,125.54
288.25
37,421.42
1,434.63
2,432.54
257.43
214.19
218,523.18
1,159,658.83
2000
44,054.91
1,197.83
1,283.04
2,647.31
1,002.07
3,981.18
468.16
152.40
548.10
236.85
1,441.67
1,241.45
1,074.20
23,448.45
1,206.38
419.67
763.72
2,942.41
71,684.20
5,527.42
45.22
163.88
18.94
10,931.35
2,658.03
219.21
166.15
779.82
876.02
575.98
5,605.43
474.67
59.78
9,841.11
1,060.20
9,985.00
4,858.10
2,731.75
2,740.25
1,453.55
382.04
142,065.07
1,937.65
1,313.64
859.87
10,694.19
64.23
32,048.69
14,713.72
2,753.13
615.17
10,142.32
54.01
24,185.48
303.64
41,759.67
2,539.52
2,750.86
276.94
219.10
257,804.19
1,338,614.30
Source: UNSTAT
59
2005
70,762.44
1,407.15
1,927.98
3,157.74
1,222.03
3,860.04
477.48
168.94
654.41
258.96
1,898.59
1,819.10
1,430.25
46,016.88
1,272.23
815.20
828.56
3,546.89
84,641.15
7,937.30
51.57
197.45
22.60
12,895.92
3,440.32
347.25
243.15
765.51
1,106.33
615.40
7,847.14
502.43
59.34
10,579.10
1,222.13
11,606.40
5,762.64
2,959.30
2,520.41
1,807.68
253.30
165,158.04
2,266.79
1,517.00
1,211.63
12,095.93
90.24
37,524.85
18,788.46
3,638.51
700.60
11,859.23
77.70
26,903.41
490.03
45,187.94
2,629.41
3,790.60
310.97
233.36
320,561.63
1,518,792.98
2010
94,207.19
1,667.03
3,065.71
3,952.86
1,686.04
4,247.22
539.93
221.84
601.09
278.77
2,706.30
2,582.22
2,008.53
63,078.22
1,569.99
1,123.87
1,031.88
3,845.70
102,025.90
10,747.73
52.67
209.33
31.26
15,230.80
2,353.77
520.81
507.91
804.50
1,314.69
776.96
11,344.71
611.75
103.27
11,041.95
1,398.84
16,191.50
5,219.11
3,174.32
1,794.86
2,602.20
357.15
191,062.86
2,639.42
1,887.65
1,364.68
15,845.12
80.30
45,047.46
22,821.34
3,941.80
759.28
13,536.24
66.77
31,235.79
699.59
47,211.78
3,331.43
5,038.61
335.30
317.66
387,295.94
1,741,440.73
2013
104,472.39
1,987.15
3,625.53
4,337.84
1,751.03
4,440.16
546.01
195.58
693.09
292.67
2,685.34
2,884.92
2,205.72
71,303.88
1,351.08
1,279.92
874.77
4,017.70
108,909.05
13,989.58
55.52
236.15
35.45
16,588.68
2,943.36
473.41
747.57
833.03
799.85
880.63
13,042.48
685.21
121.58
11,510.33
1,473.49
15,382.95
3,504.63
3,614.62
1,678.94
2,746.57
330.76
212,613.18
3,083.72
2,099.89
1,603.41
17,470.41
87.82
50,237.33
21,614.81
4,408.82
805.28
14,764.10
68.57
34,051.48
825.88
53,424.75
4,564.16
6,285.98
365.05
332.53
425,994.62
1,881,609.56
Annex 6: Total GDP/breakdown at constant 2005 prices in US Dollars
Country
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Palestine
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Guyana
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Suriname
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Brunei Darussalam
OIC
World
1990
150,614.23
2,078.55
2,201.06
11,426.02
2,257.75
11,663.21
7,087.52
390.64
1,646.79
569.54
2,598.48
2,822.81
2,064.46
91,402.01
4,494.08
1,949.50
1,501.31
4,460.49
655,770.77
64,177.07
7,856.36
302.11
494.13
50,683.38
34,539.98
5,252.71
32,594.36
8,225.77
34,094.06
1,266.89
34,575.47
20,213.22
16,072.66
197,974.95
2,263.06
11,940.41
12,533.83
16,278.77
95,140.50
7,370.98
1,920.09
757,229.06
5,699.60
5,201.70
14,169.07
30,588.67
745.96
149,536.24
102,183.42
48,836.52
3,061.14
57,890.36
450.19
56,664.80
1,565.21
3,335.72
244,872.77
14,076.95
11,457.19
6,893.55
1,563,614.06
30,164,290.28
1995
161,693.49
2,614.53
2,551.53
10,167.01
2,518.87
12,819.39
8,416.59
449.30
1,943.31
638.66
3,069.75
3,178.78
2,252.43
97,034.78
4,829.79
1,499.31
1,512.39
6,197.07
755,638.07
65,583.66
9,757.16
322.01
541.34
60,434.52
17,036.34
7,031.63
51,594.07
13,090.40
37,026.25
1,635.21
36,484.67
25,734.08
18,069.50
228,435.12
1,594.41
16,001.08
18,569.57
19,532.82
113,774.61
10,296.87
3,092.73
901,461.09
4,511.62
4,551.44
5,591.32
37,813.84
1,053.94
218,716.30
126,392.84
29,578.21
1,385.75
88,723.29
584.20
71,545.03
1,439.05
1,355.62
283,157.97
8,510.72
8,498.33
8,051.61
1,818,792.65
33,327,462.37
2000
2005
190,921.62
3,286.79
3,589.03
12,836.13
2,864.24
15,679.92
7,324.83
547.58
2,342.79
570.11
3,813.02
4,503.30
2,567.86
113,748.27
6,085.64
893.05
1,864.05
8,405.01
940,935.70
78,513.38
12,300.15
343.46
553.72
74,711.53
53,272.79
8,306.42
59,620.42
16,648.31
38,630.40
1,657.68
43,579.84
30,148.73
30,577.48
259,411.12
1,740.68
23,837.81
22,208.23
24,429.13
142,139.94
14,456.35
3,848.11
1,053,885.67
3,479.64
5,740.54
6,715.71
48,419.60
1,223.77
225,933.34
152,854.38
33,133.38
1,931.57
113,908.34
850.32
86,361.44
1,561.50
1,279.89
340,927.81
11,065.84
9,896.68
8,601.92
2,185,742.99
39,068,642.73
Source: UNSTAT
60
276,144.37
3,993.33
5,012.45
15,443.50
5,749.11
15,308.55
9,168.75
590.33
2,689.09
567.61
5,068.60
6,981.05
3,141.65
179,853.18
7,569.06
1,599.24
1,911.34
11,497.54
1,190,306.31
99,055.30
15,810.85
406.97
630.33
89,796.40
50,211.34
11,672.80
83,808.22
19,226.53
51,147.62
2,067.09
56,082.07
31,784.20
44,924.52
330,229.07
2,033.87
33,604.99
28,397.00
29,668.69
186,637.73
18,769.92
4,340.80
1,361,344.19
6,195.99
7,553.57
12,320.97
62,796.88
1,208.26
285,868.59
208,889.05
54,849.83
2,237.78
141,852.12
1,030.41
110,522.87
2,060.57
2,062.37
425,514.78
13,980.83
12,867.97
9,531.34
2,827,794.87
44,773,063.56
2010
373,047.44
4,801.39
7,853.73
17,705.88
6,646.45
16,611.23
9,116.91
739.38
2,955.28
658.94
6,580.40
10,170.51
4,051.49
255,645.98
9,147.12
2,063.63
2,236.92
16,062.22
1,534,030.46
113,458.82
20,769.57
439.95
822.89
121,780.07
63,416.53
15,417.11
88,810.59
26,530.98
60,896.02
2,586.87
71,288.46
42,055.36
104,242.10
437,062.93
2,315.77
46,740.72
36,080.81
36,856.80
213,724.81
23,359.59
5,373.72
1,727,261.33
9,775.67
9,689.04
26,740.22
85,595.55
1,471.52
375,806.95
262,072.29
74,295.20
2,738.57
176,651.12
1,567.56
133,682.35
2,598.73
2,774.86
510,720.25
22,898.30
18,333.71
9,849.44
3,634,339.24
50,018,100.82
2013
430,706.00
5,535.35
9,805.94
20,304.90
7,351.38
19,194.50
10,697.62
797.38
3,237.14
723.55
6,835.54
12,601.38
4,839.39
295,574.81
9,811.34
3,048.16
2,517.07
17,830.54
1,701,350.85
123,497.09
23,139.87
490.27
945.34
129,559.98
68,281.24
16,905.21
104,977.24
28,240.10
40,384.82
3,020.79
81,306.77
48,045.15
133,773.01
521,383.60
2,438.51
35,817.29
22,498.06
38,550.32
249,529.04
21,801.13
6,766.02
1,967,876.36
12,798.69
10,267.18
28,148.03
103,398.02
1,724.14
450,371.91
246,666.25
87,707.29
3,212.84
204,934.83
1,755.57
149,810.41
2,899.53
3,490.17
596,306.71
31,371.35
22,909.63
10,103.81
4,099,933.21
53,671,565.21
Annex 7: Total Population
AreaName
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
OIC
World
1990
1995
210,634
5,001
8,811
12,070
5,952
12,116
947
917
6,020
1,017
7,964
13,568
7,754
95,617
7,514
4,043
3,788
17,535
227,526
26,240
496
413
590
56,337
17,518
3,358
2,060
2,703
4,260
2,024
24,675
1,810
2,081
477
16,206
6,322
25,773
12,452
8,135
1,806
11,790
542,461
11,731
3,447
107,386
257
178,633
56,362
18,211
216
111,091
53,995
725
407
980,621
5,320,820
2000
242,553
5,986
10,090
13,930
6,980
14,217
1,080
1,066
7,837
1,140
8,989
15,982
9,167
108,425
8,712
3,927
4,284
20,741
256,210
29,315
564
466
664
61,168
20,363
4,320
1,586
3,033
4,748
2,334
26,833
2,155
2,598
501
18,567
6,346
29,964
14,338
8,983
2,346
15,018
663,872
17,586
3,358
7,771
119,870
295
194,113
60,468
15,550
4,592
20,725
245
126,690
5,784
58,522
4,188
22,951
728
436
1,162,635
5,741,818
2005
276,938
6,949
11,608
15,928
8,301
16,131
1,226
1,229
8,746
1,273
10,261
18,276
10,990
122,877
9,862
4,140
4,865
24,276
284,456
31,719
668
528
723
66,137
23,801
4,767
1,906
3,235
5,176
2,708
28,710
2,193
3,205
594
20,145
7,385
34,383
16,371
9,553
3,026
17,523
726,541
20,595
3,305
8,118
132,383
332
208,939
65,911
14,576
4,955
23,421
273
143,832
6,186
63,174
4,501
24,829
744
467
1,287,935
6,127,694
Source: UNSTAT
61
2010
317,341
8,182
13,422
18,138
10,014
17,394
1,379
1,437
9,576
1,422
11,941
21,010
13,184
139,586
11,271
5,120
5,540
28,725
317,953
33,961
880
601
777
71,778
27,377
5,239
2,296
3,987
5,594
3,146
30,125
2,522
3,560
821
24,690
8,467
39,625
18,167
10,051
4,149
20,140
785,576
24,861
3,196
8,563
143,135
368
224,481
70,152
15,064
5,042
25,843
298
157,971
6,806
67,743
4,748
26,044
761
500
1,420,870
6,514,094
2013
364,623
9,510
15,540
20,624
11,721
18,977
1,556
1,681
10,876
1,587
13,986
23,967
15,894
159,708
12,951
5,752
6,306
33,987
358,373
37,063
1,252
683
834
78,076
30,962
6,455
2,992
4,341
6,041
3,609
31,642
2,803
4,013
1,750
27,258
9,636
45,593
21,533
10,632
8,442
22,763
844,200
28,398
3,150
9,095
151,125
401
240,676
74,462
15,921
5,334
28,276
326
173,149
7,627
72,138
5,042
27,769
786
525
1,567,196
6,916,185
396,826
10,323
16,935
22,254
12,825
20,316
1,672
1,849
11,745
1,704
15,302
25,834
17,831
173,615
14,133
6,092
6,817
37,579
370,598
39,208
1,332
735
873
82,056
33,765
7,274
3,369
4,822
6,202
3,890
33,008
3,632
4,326
2,169
28,829
10,496
37,964
21,898
10,997
9,346
24,407
880,312
30,552
3,173
9,413
156,595
418
249,866
77,447
16,441
5,548
29,717
345
182,143
8,208
74,933
5,240
28,934
800
539
1,647,736
7,162,118
Annex 8: Agricultural Population (Thousands)
AreaName
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
OIC
1990
1995
131,713
3,019
8,616
7,854
4,981
7,437
479
792
5,019
867
7,378
10,907
6,888
41,925
5,535
2,819
2,404
14,793
87,617
6,749
10
339
461
24,516
2,674
465
24
211
449
1,096
10,408
817
382
13
3,085
4,889
18,214
3,732
2,195
143
6,745
273,000
8,855
1,805
68,375
5
93,867
17,638
4,745
87
58,217
19,164
157
85
492,330
2000
142,798
3,318
9,871
8,206
5,579
7,939
484
907
6,474
946
8,155
12,682
8,000
41,791
6,274
2,647
2,561
16,964
89,447
7,215
8
374
502
23,852
2,426
492
19
177
367
1,236
10,118
906
385
10
2,609
4,715
19,618
4,048
2,270
147
7,953
301,054
13,018
1,616
2,255
70,331
4
94,619
17,524
3,493
1,326
4,491
83
63,101
2,160
18,179
1,480
7,146
141
87
533,299
2005
152,570
3,517
11,339
8,338
6,197
8,085
466
1,026
6,996
1,024
9,112
14,296
9,365
41,133
6,986
2,692
2,860
19,138
89,970
7,376
7
414
573
23,446
2,213
441
21
136
302
1,393
9,696
815
380
8
2,027
5,190
20,825
3,810
2,253
151
8,493
305,025
14,550
1,482
2,181
71,073
2
93,918
17,361
2,910
1,285
4,183
76
68,479
2,095
16,857
1,504
6,853
128
88
547,565
Source: SESRIC Online Database
62
2010
163,463
3,750
13,083
8,263
6,955
7,798
433
1,166
7,405
1,108
10,276
16,074
10,963
40,364
7,817
3,235
3,059
21,714
90,647
7,408
6
460
616
23,280
1,963
409
24
104
240
1,570
8,980
776
346
8
1,743
5,681
21,602
4,005
2,202
159
9,065
304,749
17,051
1,414
2,128
70,341
2
92,351
16,637
2,640
1,175
3,836
67
71,513
1,976
15,581
1,496
6,332
120
89
558,859
2012
174,412
3,920
15,160
8,018
7,372
7,484
387
1,314
7,964
1,202
11,516
17,781
12,859
39,405
8,734
3,522
3,220
24,554
90,589
7,404
8
510
658
22,664
1,742
390
28
77
193
1,741
8,260
804
322
13
1,400
6,121
22,443
4,080
2,154
234
9,343
300,331
18,768
1,339
2,091
67,445
1
89,554
15,929
2,502
1,111
3,409
58
74,189
1,888
14,472
1,497
5,880
110
88
565,332
178,952
3,964
16,087
7,875
7,499
7,380
387
1,375
8,267
1,243
12,011
18,462
13,695
38,977
9,117
3,610
3,276
25,727
90,228
7,352
8
529
675
22,325
1,662
374
29
68
175
1,807
8,000
801
313
13
1,270
6,331
22,664
4,062
2,131
230
9,409
298,408
19,695
1,307
2,071
66,240
1
88,244
15,635
2,450
1,084
3,243
55
75,146
1,858
13,983
1,498
5,704
106
88
567,588
Annex 9: Economically Active Worker in Agriculture (Thousands)
AreaName
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
World
1990
1995
48,293
1,150
3,535
3,058
1,871
2,601
211
333
2,479
338
1,795
5,217
2,234
12,450
2,381
1,098
939
6,603
24,532
1,978
4
127
191
6,437
634
100
9
64
125
442
3,250
249
128
7
970
1,797
5,005
966
646
73
1,330
109,054
2,513
965
31,416
2
41,595
5,205
1,933
20
14,995
10,323
58
29
181,879
1,155,065
2000
53,428
1,371
4,065
3,294
2,178
2,777
209
382
3,170
371
1,961
6,321
2,614
12,426
2,707
1,032
1,021
7,529
26,217
2,422
4
143
213
6,211
581
131
9
53
114
506
3,336
315
127
5
826
1,805
5,721
1,188
721
79
1,707
119,988
3,573
721
936
31,699
2
44,176
5,228
1,494
544
1,878
19
15,959
628
9,944
578
2,525
56
28
199,633
1,202,787
Source: FAOSTAT
63
57,957
1,478
4,703
3,538
2,441
2,869
205
436
3,480
402
2,162
7,119
3,116
12,373
3,036
1,038
1,119
8,442
27,406
2,824
3
161
230
6,197
535
117
11
41
102
584
3,364
284
125
4
662
2,045
6,252
1,143
764
87
1,871
126,770
4,013
668
973
32,457
1
47,430
5,821
1,287
543
1,850
21
18,691
611
9,062
627
2,629
56
30
212,133
1,238,585
2005
63,278
1,613
5,540
3,678
2,842
2,762
199
504
3,746
434
2,452
7,956
3,665
12,306
3,448
1,214
1,227
9,692
28,795
3,096
4
182
247
6,361
479
113
12
37
83
677
3,180
296
117
5
638
2,277
6,765
1,240
791
101
2,094
132,607
4,778
641
1,023
33,257
1
48,750
6,331
1,219
514
1,707
23
21,640
716
8,593
660
2,668
54
32
224,680
1,278,881
2010
69,422
1,723
6,519
3,756
3,090
2,708
189
588
4,176
468
2,780
8,885
4,341
12,378
3,977
1,296
1,346
11,202
30,090
3,318
4
206
268
6,371
426
119
16
29
67
777
2,980
320
109
8
520
2,520
7,450
1,408
815
168
2,191
136,331
5,431
604
1,074
32,622
1
49,773
6,595
1,187
510
1,566
23
24,555
856
8,005
705
2,738
53
33
235,843
1,313,540
2013
73,757
1,769
7,194
3,803
3,234
2,715
196
649
4,470
498
2,989
9,544
4,839
12,520
4,373
1,337
1,430
12,197
28,849
3,387
4
222
282
6,277
408
119
17
27
57
841
2,905
420
105
9
459
2,720
6,025
1,369
821
161
2,214
137,443
5,809
587
1,076
32,154
0
50,004
6,630
1,147
504
1,486
23
25,895
897
7,710
728
2,708
52
33
240,049
1,329,849
Annex 10:Total economically active population (1000)
AreaName
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
OIC
World
1990
1995
74,377
1,819
3,826
4,337
2,259
4,379
409
407
2,842
396
2,110
6,185
2,525
28,970
3,114
1,553
1,432
7,814
65,797
7,317
220
164
233
16,259
4,146
738
786
896
1,209
804
7,823
569
697
261
5,073
2,425
7,278
3,204
2,418
923
2,354
204,062
3,694
1,758
48,404
110
75,380
16,148
7,061
58
31,090
19,953
268
138
344,236
2,397,702
2000
86,264
2,335
4,403
5,041
2,733
5,135
470
475
3,701
441
2,363
7,564
2,998
32,713
3,609
1,523
1,628
9,132
77,647
9,359
255
189
265
17,728
4,888
1,168
751
1,038
1,490
938
8,986
776
859
271
5,856
2,498
8,786
4,178
2,840
1,269
3,259
252,182
5,421
1,402
3,224
53,002
131
85,399
17,780
7,589
1,885
8,219
70
34,897
1,680
21,314
1,636
8,100
291
142
416,093
2,596,358
2005
98,872
2,740
5,099
5,903
3,240
5,886
543
552
4,148
486
2,680
8,611
3,634
37,211
4,127
1,602
1,876
10,534
89,841
11,519
312
219
294
19,719
5,804
1,284
959
1,138
1,782
1,108
10,122
790
1,055
322
6,550
2,917
10,258
4,818
3,206
1,755
3,910
288,642
6,288
1,383
3,620
59,238
153
98,274
21,852
7,392
2,094
9,798
90
42,897
1,801
21,901
1,877
9,506
320
158
477,355
2,809,727
Source: FAOSTAT
64
2010
114,139
3,284
6,013
6,818
4,002
6,386
629
650
4,571
535
3,144
9,741
4,343
42,634
4,790
1,939
2,168
12,492
105,526
13,540
426
254
324
22,465
6,722
1,465
1,170
1,449
2,024
1,315
10,908
923
1,202
492
8,805
3,351
12,020
5,754
3,557
2,584
4,776
328,094
7,719
1,426
4,128
66,517
173
108,801
26,445
7,834
2,205
11,031
124
52,411
2,342
23,394
2,093
10,934
338
179
547,759
3,048,162
2013
133,111
3,890
7,082
7,875
4,710
7,143
735
774
5,231
591
3,710
11,036
5,237
49,774
5,656
2,166
2,520
14,981
124,716
15,651
622
297
361
25,393
7,793
1,873
1,515
1,627
2,223
1,544
11,698
1,108
1,371
1,135
10,148
3,843
14,446
7,088
3,962
5,373
5,645
367,886
9,059
1,446
4,720
71,961
192
120,223
30,436
8,522
2,447
12,459
156
62,977
3,127
24,457
2,374
12,777
358
195
625,713
3,294,244
147,064
4,268
7,820
8,665
5,204
7,802
807
865
5,697
636
4,098
11,968
5,904
55,229
6,314
2,298
2,774
16,715
131,677
16,859
659
327
388
27,038
8,775
2,124
1,679
1,832
2,256
1,694
12,377
1,524
1,487
1,416
11,013
4,244
12,394
7,304
4,190
5,903
6,194
391,115
9,879
1,472
4,981
75,640
201
126,896
32,465
8,798
2,592
13,378
172
68,959
3,507
25,362
2,544
13,693
373
203
669,856
3,434,318
Annex 11: Agricultural Products Total Export Value (Thousand US Dollars)
AreaName
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
World
1990
1995
3,671,007
84,365
116,357
553,614
134,435
1,613,415
3,350
14,357
26,561
13,313
250,635
41,439
61,773
228,226
218,656
18,101
119,546
172,864
4,389,246
50,179
4,667
10,763
8,700
427,026
59,841
111,009
42,858
123,040
62,598
43,716
646,682
50,036
0
4,170
362,172
73,992
543,756
740,415
282,451
667,373
73,802
12,287,712
149,420
98,315
160,130
9,313
2,802,390
456,585
4,359,970
2
986,746
3,119,982
107,045
37,814
20,347,965
325,577,830
4,795,180
204,197
37,147
560,211
167,883
2,178,684
9,349
15,529
71,363
21,470
270,326
55,768
62,556
408,361
115,280
14,505
127,064
475,487
5,367,676
107,806
105,064
6,847
4,559
536,117
6,995
226,985
33,345
101,547
58,429
48,102
780,448
239,510
44,425
16,857
457,228
114,032
485,990
750,577
467,698
699,231
75,884
24,066,578
54,646
14,595
37,112
130,200
8,888
5,492,688
1,078,093
660,601
135,410
8,227,642
0
1,017,725
202,940
4,300,912
474,564
1,985,844
199,746
44,972
34,229,434
442,888,639
2000
4,046,108
176,955
113,078
364,336
128,259
1,911,177
10,648
13,203
30,337
51,425
253,940
61,933
86,661
339,389
162,291
4,856
77,518
260,102
5,224,647
32,703
33,082
6,379
3,492
518,142
6,245
294,323
53,663
138,259
55,389
13,113
694,680
334,079
79,921
8,760
476,021
109,545
389,922
657,937
428,944
822,045
68,003
18,969,909
49,345
22,693
50,582
99,359
592
4,946,440
1,032,265
703,745
93,848
5,820,948
75
1,069,343
122,636
3,620,538
168,942
933,445
180,137
54,976
28,240,664
411,044,376
Source: FAOSTAT
65
2005
6,345,315
261,649
275,704
603,642
100,537
3,024,344
43,187
17,299
72,507
86,161
321,530
139,971
69,159
654,226
149,143
15,057
95,234
415,965
10,513,443
95,039
46,580
12,837
15,908
1,167,538
30,722
652,381
56,965
291,877
6,991
15,824
1,353,134
418,256
53,825
30,970
1,252,763
111,180
513,963
848,368
962,792
2,432,020
143,510
36,937,520
82,145
40,639
362,355
203,628
1,268
10,938,196
2,096,042
801,408
130,164
10,778,968
10
1,697,803
197,243
7,705,938
180,442
1,516,633
176,574
28,064
53,796,278
653,561,909
2010
11,484,069
597,266
364,015
1,120,389
68,940
5,638,346
48,555
27,943
91,775
57,859
210,406
449,682
168,328
1,144,006
345,690
31,374
279,817
839,678
19,499,783
133,586
292,875
12,387
79,947
2,845,933
40,541
1,069,647
122,387
518,119
7,165
43,002
1,962,373
756,953
67,995
20,767
2,994,678
164,202
461,814
2,550,864
1,160,021
4,075,973
118,554
82,819,494
277,924
60,953
602,188
364,943
874
30,722,000
5,402,291
1,855,387
220,615
25,912,684
3
3,446,851
226,134
11,772,783
218,387
1,294,851
353,157
87,469
113,803,346
1,085,105,819
2012
13,076,414
546,912
484,257
997,797
82,066
5,756,986
54,427
28,061
132,882
113,166
544,915
599,887
200,905
1,578,503
450,039
37,333
250,228
1,218,050
19,645,158
313,585
173,761
26,759
66,251
4,056,931
73,818
1,370,229
139,880
614,971
5,683
23,893
2,101,379
968,152
105,071
59,385
3,578,444
321,975
649,181
1,476,032
3,277,668
242,110
99,982,250
214,076
93,446
846,572
414,617
2,440
38,279,983
4,233,407
3,133,823
265,836
30,875,159
0
4,712,442
141,845
14,895,024
132,297
1,209,146
430,285
101,852
132,703,822
1,336,880,535
Annex 12: Agricultural Products Total Import Value (Thousand US Dollars)
AreaName
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
World
1990
1995
2,950,336
114,187
97,512
257,017
31,880
423,254
106,334
64,937
119,784
23,410
115,465
211,628
127,828
561,041
446,690
105,202
116,088
28,079
20,500,062
2,452,982
283,093
17,191
81,000
3,075,563
1,851,593
723,061
571,234
717,855
1,301,831
135,515
799,263
488,038
22,900
295,379
3,541,915
82,238
235,099
768,193
653,112
1,693,334
709,673
11,464,775
213,818
115,420
767,334
179,456
1,591,058
2,676,062
2,136,604
32,230
1,399,080
2,262,147
37,187
54,379
34,915,173
351,467,953
3,970,327
160,040
182,418
163,846
52,940
444,086
159,531
82,901
246,979
31,747
113,407
276,780
107,441
1,130,896
447,985
136,044
70,296
162,990
26,012,344
3,212,314
326,257
29,832
98,076
3,369,597
1,063,208
807,430
1,208,855
1,178,805
1,270,652
120,449
1,825,388
842,269
310,460
329,315
4,482,126
84,316
258,175
780,338
1,074,838
2,459,462
880,182
22,254,808
191,311
179,625
279,192
1,078,641
214,799
4,883,872
3,626,094
498,466
107,854
3,877,057
60,639
2,425,587
181,646
3,605,277
176,809
747,952
58,495
61,492
52,237,479
461,025,083
2000
3,713,999
176,031
173,448
241,297
42,021
360,481
172,232
71,691
150,924
43,084
110,132
226,417
115,333
1,130,802
403,644
116,680
46,629
133,153
27,896,390
2,592,360
421,736
15,641
139,919
3,532,321
1,921,113
840,290
1,254,006
1,088,435
1,205,802
167,720
1,668,368
1,056,536
528,801
388,595
5,389,239
136,922
442,924
863,195
755,719
2,693,229
793,519
19,823,583
289,131
236,630
213,205
1,684,434
191,245
4,054,467
2,918,720
445,136
81,708
3,791,590
77,263
1,794,751
125,830
3,231,089
105,325
387,275
81,745
114,039
51,433,972
433,179,314
Source: FAOSTAT
66
2005
7,573,298
257,658
246,624
458,560
85,526
714,546
276,540
155,809
268,606
56,461
255,915
454,080
264,746
2,625,509
882,458
113,537
90,416
366,307
39,746,033
3,922,377
641,934
41,310
208,848
4,009,324
3,047,406
1,402,495
1,531,125
1,370,690
1,267,786
174,065
2,303,027
1,053,043
538,317
694,587
8,605,398
265,015
846,914
1,605,451
1,171,467
3,730,565
1,314,889
29,316,935
821,975
446,863
453,929
2,567,161
292,900
5,191,609
3,245,384
1,278,493
191,901
5,982,090
113,801
2,893,697
257,369
4,842,319
111,310
369,446
118,777
137,911
76,636,266
679,922,167
2010
13,509,994
459,882
306,937
743,723
163,802
1,283,958
456,659
178,951
422,906
90,494
395,184
800,683
350,820
5,638,214
1,219,836
184,310
230,010
583,625
84,355,922
6,222,806
1,221,196
74,274
477,406
11,742,378
6,430,320
2,500,619
2,334,422
2,733,220
2,230,580
342,340
4,180,047
2,340,322
618,291
1,937,550
16,474,071
376,855
1,733,772
3,708,962
2,141,186
11,913,785
2,621,520
65,106,752
1,321,350
807,655
1,222,996
5,739,797
341,528
12,474,851
9,137,481
2,732,977
548,825
14,081,441
235,604
4,518,598
475,986
9,871,917
304,413
868,933
214,323
208,077
162,972,668
1,107,347,779
2012
18,708,560
1,675,857
465,994
1,048,602
178,115
2,130,699
585,328
125,903
574,794
93,774
466,795
690,037
537,739
7,034,900
1,679,829
311,944
220,170
888,080
104,123,689
10,033,737
1,055,942
85,204
788,322
15,297,445
7,818,123
3,543,096
2,593,907
3,144,780
3,753,366
466,298
5,734,023
2,875,679
552,215
1,495,777
21,002,812
919,369
2,413,562
2,659,391
13,856,197
4,034,444
85,211,325
1,893,695
830,447
1,428,752
6,184,702
443,599
17,075,161
12,021,201
4,164,447
769,854
18,841,308
312,257
5,732,796
608,479
12,619,758
432,983
1,303,367
272,826
275,693
208,043,574
1,366,033,634
Annex 13: Agricultural Products Trade Balance (Thousand US Dollars)
AreaName
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
1990
1995
720,671
-29,822
18,845
296,597
102,555
1,190,161
-102,984
-50,580
-93,223
-10,097
135,170
-170,189
-66,055
-332,815
-228,034
-87,101
3,458
144,785
-16,110,816
-2,402,803
-278,426
-6,428
-72,300
-2,648,537
-1,791,752
-612,052
-528,376
-594,815
-1,239,233
-91,799
-152,581
-438,002
-22,900
-291,209
-3,179,743
-8,246
308,657
-27,778
-370,661
-1,025,961
-635,871
822,937
-64,398
-17,105
-607,204
-170,143
1,211,332
-2,219,477
2,223,366
-32,228
-412,334
857,835
69,858
-16,565
-14,567,208
824,853
44,157
-145,271
396,365
114,943
1,734,598
-150,182
-67,372
-175,616
-10,277
156,919
-221,012
-44,885
-722,535
-332,705
-121,539
56,768
312,497
-20,644,668
-3,104,508
-221,193
-22,985
-93,517
-2,833,480
-1,056,213
-580,445
-1,175,510
-1,077,258
-1,212,223
-72,347
-1,044,940
-602,759
-266,035
-312,458
-4,024,898
29,716
227,815
-29,761
-607,140
-1,760,231
-804,298
1,811,770
-136,665
-165,030
-242,080
-948,441
-205,911
608,816
-2,548,001
162,135
27,556
4,350,585
-60,639
-1,407,862
21,294
695,635
297,755
1,237,892
141,251
-16,520
-18,008,045
2000
332,109
924
-60,370
123,039
86,238
1,550,696
-161,584
-58,488
-120,587
8,341
143,808
-164,484
-28,672
-791,413
-241,353
-111,824
30,889
126,949
-22,671,743
-2,559,657
-388,654
-9,262
-136,427
-3,014,179
-1,914,868
-545,967
-1,200,343
-950,176
-1,150,413
-154,607
-973,688
-722,457
-448,880
-379,835
-4,913,218
-27,377
-53,002
-205,258
-326,775
-1,871,184
-725,516
-853,674
-239,786
-213,937
-162,623
-1,585,075
-190,653
891,973
-1,886,455
258,609
12,140
2,029,358
-77,188
-725,408
-3,194
389,449
63,617
546,170
98,392
-59,063
-23,193,308
Source: FAOSTAT
67
2005
-1,227,983
3,991
29,080
145,082
15,011
2,309,798
-233,353
-138,510
-196,099
29,700
65,615
-314,109
-195,587
-1,971,283
-733,315
-98,480
4,818
49,658
-29,232,590
-3,827,338
-595,354
-28,473
-192,940
-2,841,786
-3,016,684
-750,114
-1,474,160
-1,078,813
-1,260,795
-158,241
-949,893
-634,787
-484,492
-663,617
-7,352,635
-153,835
-332,951
-757,083
-208,675
-1,298,545
-1,171,379
7,620,585
-739,830
-406,224
-91,574
-2,363,533
-291,632
5,746,587
-1,149,342
-477,085
-61,737
4,796,878
-113,791
-1,195,894
-60,126
2,863,619
69,132
1,147,187
57,797
-109,847
-22,839,988
2010
-2,025,925
137,384
57,078
376,666
-94,862
4,354,388
-408,104
-151,008
-331,131
-32,635
-184,778
-351,001
-182,492
-4,494,208
-874,146
-152,936
49,807
256,053
-64,856,139
-6,089,220
-928,321
-61,887
-397,459
-8,896,445
-6,389,779
-1,430,972
-2,212,035
-2,215,101
-2,223,415
-299,338
-2,217,674
-1,583,369
-550,296
-1,916,783
-13,479,393
-212,653
-1,271,958
-1,158,098
-981,165
-7,837,812
-2,502,966
17,712,742
-1,043,426
-746,702
-620,808
-5,374,854
-340,654
18,247,149
-3,735,190
-877,590
-328,210
11,831,243
-235,601
-1,071,747
-249,852
1,900,866
-86,026
425,918
138,834
-120,608
-49,169,322
2012
-5,632,146
-1,128,945
18,263
-50,805
-96,049
3,626,287
-530,901
-97,842
-441,912
19,392
78,120
-90,150
-336,834
-5,456,397
-1,229,790
-274,611
30,058
329,970
-84,478,531
-9,720,152
-882,181
-58,445
-722,071
-11,240,514
-7,744,305
-2,172,867
-2,454,027
-2,529,809
-3,747,683
-442,405
-3,632,644
-1,907,527
-447,144
-1,436,392
-17,424,368
-597,394
-1,764,381
-1,183,359
-10,578,529
-3,792,334
14,770,925
-1,679,619
-737,001
-582,180
-5,770,085
-441,159
21,204,822
-7,787,794
-1,030,624
-504,018
12,033,851
-312,257
-1,020,354
-466,634
2,275,266
-300,686
-94,221
157,459
-173,841
-75,339,752
Annex 14: Land Use in the OIC Member Countries (2012)- Area 1000 Ha
AreaName
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
World
Land Area
768,085
11,276
27,360
47,271
125,920
31,800
25,767
1,012
24,572
2,812
122,019
78,638
126,670
91,077
19,253
7,218
5,439
19,981
1,362,140
238,174
76
186
2,318
99,545
43,432
8,878
1,782
1,023
175,954
103,070
44,630
30,950
602
1,161
214,969
62,734
237,600
18,363
15,536
8,360
52,797
1,048,748
65,286
2,740
8,266
13,017
527
181,157
162,855
269,970
19,180
32,855
30
77,088
13,996
76,963
46,993
42,540
19,685
15,600
3,178,973
13,009,102
Agricultural Area
357,454
3,700
12,070
9,750
49,932
20,600
5,160
605
14,400
1,630
41,651
49,950
44,782
72,000
9,015
4,097
3,850
14,262
521,874
41,432
9
158
1,702
3,612
7,657
1,042
152
733
15,355
39,661
30,403
1,473
261
66
173,390
44,129
112,702
13,921
10,079
397
23,541
517,583
37,910
1,201
4,768
9,125
13
56,500
49,131
207,975
10,591
7,750
7
27,040
4,875
38,407
33,838
26,690
1,678
83
1,396,911
4,922,207
Source: FAOSTAT
68
Arable Land
104,808
2,700
6,000
6,200
4,900
2,900
325
440
3,000
300
6,861
5,650
15,900
35,000
3,350
1,732
2,650
6,900
58,654
7,545
2
88
2
2,800
3,427
214
10
207
1,720
400
8,047
34
45
13
3,160
1,100
21,045
4,665
2,839
47
1,244
133,730
7,790
619
1,897
7,675
4
23,500
17,709
22,900
1,277
965
3
21,185
860
20,577
1,940
4,350
420
60
297,192
1,395,895
Permanent
Crops
17,657
450
70
1,550
32
4,500
170
5
700
250
150
300
100
6,700
65
165
200
2,250
8,332
920
3
55
812
230
86
6
126
335
11
1,356
39
66
3
230
29
207
1,066
2,410
45
297
36,524
120
77
231
850
6
22,000
1,945
75
75
6,500
3
855
140
3,213
60
340
28
6
62,512
163,893
Permanent Meadows
and Pastures
234,989
550
6,000
2,000
45,000
13,200
4,665
160
10,700
1,080
34,640
44,000
28,782
30,300
5,600
2,200
1,000
5,112
454,889
32,967
4
15
1,700
4,000
742
136
400
13,300
39,250
21,000
1,400
150
50
170,000
43,000
91,450
8,190
4,830
305
22,000
347,329
30,000
505
2,641
600
3
11,000
29,477
185,000
9,240
285
1
5,000
3,875
14,617
31,838
22,000
1,230
17
1,037,207
3,359,659
Annex 15: Cereals Total Production (tonnes)
AreaName
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
OIC
World
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2013
31,992,550
545,898
1,517,900
816,296
601,390
1,241,131
23,664
90,331
1,061,616
167,269
1,771,419
738,050
2,135,448
17,678,000
977,080
563,100
483,958
1,580,000
36,963,120
1,627,035
40,143,857
734,332
2,307,988
1,179,870
907,316
1,321,407
29,393
98,755
1,351,036
200,531
2,188,954
1,127,640
2,095,798
22,512,600
1,059,373
407,600
591,264
2,030,000
37,025,543
2,140,175
40,449,174
993,383
2,286,227
1,274,818
930,038
1,285,904
26,900
176,100
1,800,810
177,884
2,309,976
1,587,548
2,127,609
21,370,000
1,026,985
222,472
740,520
2,112,000
35,744,844
934,537
52,622,182
1,151,853
3,649,533
1,938,107
1,853,396
1,424,903
35,994
205,572
2,290,039
212,538
3,398,787
1,143,200
3,669,196
26,031,000
1,434,084
824,691
833,289
2,526,000
52,633,993
3,527,772
62,735,830
1,333,436
4,560,546
3,011,835
2,149,500
1,961,771
42,989
363,528
2,742,962
256,583
6,409,651
2,802,582
5,203,234
24,656,270
1,769,196
1,155,517
1,045,866
3,270,364
48,102,454
4,002,320
65,577,987
1,691,862
4,869,722
3,088,980
2,561,000
2,712,481
46,700
227,653
3,409,000
264,189
5,736,252
2,238,500
4,347,100
26,970,000
1,318,702
1,376,481
1,210,365
3,509,000
58,455,972
4,914,039
18,655
10
13,022,243
3,454,800
129,010
1,830
77,358
272,536
103,443
6,275,864
5,140
0
3,135
4,136,772
580,925
1,729,000
3,100,767
1,654,847
2,877
766,873
150,379,830
2,705,000
897,000
21,175
10
16,097,252
2,540,110
124,794
2,101
100,385
145,847
221,831
1,783,230
8,000
24,901
4,256
2,668,863
284,701
3,305,200
6,094,037
647,526
972
810,177
178,594,511
3,242,985
645,400
909,350
27,704,115
508
57,990,042
17,031,706
9,476,300
912,000
2,170,271
11
25,036,450
242,350
28,133,560
1,102,050
3,223,300
531,777
242,336
255,763,911
1,897,816,421
21,403
11
20,105,573
904,480
57,133
2,835
122,800
221,780
179,658
1,995,870
11,449
67,842
7,215
2,167,394
392,408
3,259,000
3,512,791
1,108,064
364
672,237
202,785,657
1,940,000
565,800
1,496,224
39,503,000
299
61,575,000
12,873,964
11,539,491
1,550,090
2,205,800
113
30,460,700
544,977
32,248,694
1,751,000
3,913,800
453,010
163,695
278,979,675
2,060,170,182
22,087
9
22,423,470
3,708,150
102,430
3,579
177,240
233,600
171,795
4,283,271
15,269
68,191
7,094
3,006,637
361,182
6,193,000
5,631,256
2,135,707
24
562,230
236,501,544
5,425,000
511,200
2,056,186
41,146,758
851
66,674,991
21,906,732
13,740,100
1,621,549
2,389,000
120
33,507,800
902,912
36,464,000
3,035,000
6,530,940
424,400
164,005
341,757,719
2,268,168,609
30,483
13
19,464,743
4,362,383
87,266
21,449
111,604
217,300
275,663
7,834,390
31,723
23,264
2,665
1,565,155
356,007
3,562,350
3,900,866
1,109,471
130,394
1,012,945
262,914,104
5,957,000
693,800
1,928,779
51,862,850
1,072
84,797,030
22,246,967
12,115,860
1,510,272
2,512,432
163
34,811,500
1,382,559
32,764,875
2,134,600
7,406,400
561,224
226,721
373,752,388
2,475,634,751
36,800
16
22,305,200
6,500,674
103,147
23,800
178,745
305,900
296,950
9,874,203
48,000
26,855
1,975
972,500
383,243
5,947,000
4,206,428
1,328,000
139,163
863,334
284,824,785
6,520,329
660,500
2,858,450
54,253,412
1,850
89,791,562
22,650,100
18,141,280
1,728,290
2,714,662
190
36,449,810
1,170,230
37,475,264
1,614,000
7,704,980
827,800
262,076
408,858,744
2,779,939,586
27,746,673
930
51,912,780
13,683,863
1,919,984
7
20,957,200
30,201,369
158,740
196,284
219,335,500
1,952,459,276
Source: FAOSTAT
69
Annex 16: Oilcrops Primary Production (tonnes)
AreaName
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arap Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
OIC
World
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2013
3,084,412
67,021
83,963
237,427
58,813
359,696
9,586
26,400
87,138
17,830
105,051
105,641
5,936
1,480,674
223,170
70,799
36,942
108,326
990,182
66,332
3,704,436
93,140
89,500
217,049
114,728
366,048
12,913
27,278
120,134
18,686
112,642
128,921
35,618
1,887,108
250,206
71,154
41,532
117,780
1,177,109
38,564
4,478,658
123,830
85,966
263,639
146,256
379,136
12,924
47,304
141,773
20,904
116,682
123,868
40,938
2,399,169
329,483
51,759
39,313
155,714
1,466,198
59,977
5,722,991
136,913
154,473
397,422
183,237
354,690
13,007
37,491
164,636
21,757
186,405
140,071
63,264
3,250,848
241,155
81,618
42,331
253,674
1,548,094
81,664
6,259,258
140,533
213,790
576,055
147,930
470,823
9,143
46,820
170,702
26,396
178,954
157,517
169,047
3,073,785
407,480
89,721
51,500
329,065
1,756,165
84,366
5,917,708
161,349
247,935
510,120
158,270
568,820
11,497
32,819
162,615
30,280
185,483
166,475
134,908
2,834,588
236,645
99,342
53,663
322,900
2,152,605
146,094
8,511
9,413
9,879
12,070
11,141
12,440
146,377
36,443
14,051
3
16,080
19,280
1,562
164,333
205,811
37,013
14,300
2
14,841
41,460
1,725
104,138
217,532
18,555
29,636
1
44,075
42,300
1,692
108,740
230,780
34,103
24,917
9
18,560
46,935
1,065
187,739
222,207
19,888
37,819
12
46,730
46,200
1,220
371,834
230,110
15,667
28,201
14
24,422
35,460
1,080
280,313
8,898
31,476
18,727
18,016
1,877
22,012
138,550
164,129
185,762
2,213
13,543
444,240
170,748
71,757
3,068
12,507
453,200
317,405
127,936
3,335
26,906
342,718
258,600
236,719
2,372
32,148
379,011
272,694
196,179
2,550
43,127
842,820
212,364
247,211
4,884
13,870,819
25,436
11,678
7,341
19,038,759
27,070
9,263
23,732
160,619
17
7,470,484
91,321
82,063
14,415
9,079,614
1,544
763,964
39,115
744,695
124,800
393,150
10,236
2,656
23,920,303
91,923,944
10,797
25,529,363
25,748
9,359
13,431
130,900
22
10,401,746
109,016
91,078
29,837
12,437,075
2,037
842,625
31,248
978,231
108,800
305,576
11,208
1,426
31,474,218
110,216,374
10,499
36,586,782
29,489
7,684
30,649
126,710
47
16,433,040
234,761
210,879
47,261
16,904,880
2,215
1,103,693
42,488
918,943
104,800
378,427
9,781
1,035
43,857,868
141,674,771
13,619
49,849,335
20,202
16,647
16,014
144,452
44
27,396,381
233,833
299,412
31,989
19,090,729
554
984,767
32,228
1,177,170
72,160
320,998
10,367
1,389
57,864,759
172,339,783
12,716
58,531,279
21,559
19,683
18,199
171,674
34
33,048,902
240,356
569,303
29,234
21,590,074
73
1,029,929
41,676
1,343,667
60,192
334,576
10,246
1,902
66,601,592
196,761,709
148,664
16
4,961,790
94,431
7,116,121
1,651
671,285
830,921
5,482
3,343
17,945,413
75,527,682
Source: FAOSTAT
70
Annex 17: Fruit excl Melons,Total Production (tonnes)
AreaName
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
OIC
World
1990
1995
20,557,939
180,662
69,831
1,756,896
106,423
1,569,720
240,001
3,517
855,803
61,403
155,060
381,400
43,800
6,382,000
102,637
153,028
46,358
8,449,400
15,486,707
978,664
10,150
51,132
1,956
4,617,536
1,523,030
255,408
1,933
1,185,000
311,644
12,087
2,008,842
181,850
0
7,402
803,890
303,160
675,100
1,364,012
700,254
180,438
313,219
28,917,034
645,870
167,782
1,332,490
5,024
5,459,903
7,163,554
1,108,638
6,350
3,885,741
9,016,926
50,249
74,507
64,961,680
353,187,314
24,542,005
194,908
78,360
2,424,382
87,422
2,044,026
258,424
4,508
977,346
71,282
209,550
336,700
48,376
7,795,979
132,390
149,440
53,576
9,675,336
18,421,477
1,140,663
21,460
59,019
3,070
5,903,789
1,814,610
314,595
5,219
1,319,760
333,556
27,701
1,949,548
232,530
273,334
13,642
1,052,988
201,754
898,720
1,442,944
733,328
276,817
402,430
40,701,386
650,808
106,325
610,800
1,386,405
4,890
9,570,731
10,300,115
165,645
87,000
1,164,258
11,730
5,206,456
245,100
9,593,024
199,000
1,242,090
66,628
90,381
83,664,868
410,350,643
2000
2005
26,425,119
163,023
90,954
1,994,151
98,068
2,347,112
294,226
5,607
997,310
79,888
251,993
290,768
70,377
9,283,275
132,659
170,259
64,799
10,090,650
21,953,502
1,428,102
21,465
62,615
3,457
6,966,043
1,739,200
238,727
11,460
845,600
314,710
24,900
2,680,770
335,107
237,452
17,542
1,188,460
194,100
1,287,863
1,884,636
1,013,355
796,548
661,390
43,216,719
701,224
141,489
526,102
1,361,000
6,133
8,412,932
12,287,682
263,490
188,139
1,184,608
9,560
5,186,374
280,210
10,861,372
242,000
1,415,100
75,262
74,042
91,595,340
479,172,987
Source: FAOSTAT
71
29,264,046
259,748
91,692
3,214,722
106,960
2,283,086
294,930
6,882
1,225,362
88,116
326,459
390,486
268,000
10,645,163
142,044
209,500
52,700
9,658,196
25,280,664
2,283,377
18,770
68,700
3,177
8,579,248
854,915
296,866
17,540
924,391
353,672
24,933
2,801,592
289,324
179,749
21,114
1,554,631
199,989
2,461,647
1,761,120
1,038,485
780,884
766,540
56,321,286
689,687
220,290
658,246
3,002,345
7,310
14,529,146
14,103,092
296,100
158,123
1,209,278
10,497
6,368,501
238,900
12,678,341
421,000
1,591,910
52,546
85,974
110,865,996
539,490,505
2010
32,429,639
444,127
93,781
4,863,630
117,700
2,189,987
359,147
8,600
1,218,700
96,155
430,514
647,344
504,254
10,762,880
195,580
232,540
59,900
10,204,800
29,213,602
3,307,126
20,680
77,745
3,401
9,599,464
1,053,807
289,562
35,155
793,259
386,050
23,975
3,280,108
351,557
84,681
21,882
1,595,439
229,975
2,813,296
2,139,185
1,223,185
852,833
1,031,237
58,077,608
749,615
370,392
815,105
3,906,866
7,641
14,881,102
12,038,743
221,710
197,610
966,957
6,046
6,355,332
349,099
13,943,628
388,000
2,707,409
42,903
129,450
119,720,849
620,307,776
2013
33,165,472
537,224
101,367
5,643,684
121,500
2,296,734
311,191
8,989
1,264,753
104,919
438,207
784,317
522,584
10,903,000
245,816
257,189
64,204
9,559,794
31,929,893
4,232,135
22,288
68,848
3,409
10,899,470
1,279,016
320,620
40,007
823,194
415,634
21,957
3,629,664
353,063
92,565
22,528
1,723,149
218,800
2,990,304
2,195,382
1,311,609
270,969
995,282
61,488,551
1,002,275
394,960
960,078
3,700,000
6,563
16,003,144
11,806,504
287,280
241,767
938,862
3,026
6,115,324
503,835
15,341,124
419,000
3,581,546
44,885
138,378
126,583,916
676,670,441
Annex 18: Vegetables&Melons, Total Production (tonnes)
AreaName
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arap Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
OIC
World
1990
8,836,542
214,645
229,116
536,600
74,465
591,000
30,000
8,810
441,139
21,000
492,238
201,000
363,512
4,672,719
197,985
188,113
158,700
415,500
27,188,732
1,564,712
9,809
5,125
21,220
9,246,481
3,262,700
805,592
102,579
803,000
705,560
7,536
3,017,600
177,100
0
27,387
2,201,169
73,500
1,155,500
1,674,435
1,546,862
245,460
535,405
38,927,656
490,000
393,000
1,346,144
6,224
4,565,118
10,394,983
373,200
3,352
3,236,583
18,076,020
16,850
26,182
74,952,930
466,680,235
1995
11,233,679
266,366
265,436
715,710
101,277
679,266
32,966
8,000
595,790
23,500
545,124
147,630
415,525
6,213,987
339,197
187,000
220,965
475,940
30,231,609
2,561,770
12,311
5,919
29,850
10,348,299
3,002,335
1,027,740
97,555
1,096,410
766,552
11,097
2,282,344
194,400
96,613
47,276
2,317,230
92,269
1,563,750
1,913,750
1,546,620
716,401
501,118
52,671,557
553,423
579,500
466,000
1,485,830
9,395
9,116,299
8,269,147
942,050
342,348
541,093
3,103
4,060,750
607,500
21,869,883
571,000
3,200,220
25,439
28,577
94,136,845
571,062,270
2000
14,992,074
353,191
362,012
1,274,747
107,470
840,352
35,389
9,000
522,753
25,498
625,432
115,282
787,797
8,662,464
407,455
182,000
134,946
546,286
38,602,688
2,576,195
10,953
6,420
24,686
15,153,659
3,466,323
891,778
172,661
892,000
893,067
5,597
3,168,191
233,060
571,974
56,567
1,546,684
76,583
2,117,550
1,779,635
2,065,401
2,303,443
590,261
59,852,668
707,734
619,996
1,041,705
1,802,000
13,903
6,985,314
11,661,212
1,965,610
813,562
548,846
2,989
4,861,003
439,294
24,605,162
587,200
3,095,387
74,786
26,965
113,447,430
781,006,624
Source: FAOSTAT
72
2005
18,191,874
408,988
411,751
1,485,929
119,434
640,457
39,214
11,823
572,721
29,168
712,881
250,598
790,883
11,115,881
532,009
264,000
141,161
664,976
45,531,416
4,227,775
7,416
4,277
27,116
16,845,982
4,071,890
1,223,524
226,882
805,700
861,419
4,250
4,647,199
170,112
615,502
22,791
2,152,330
92,937
3,251,742
2,813,860
2,348,232
442,881
667,599
73,518,489
1,038,000
686,001
1,561,153
2,567,775
12,523
8,263,793
17,770,286
2,853,123
822,704
683,107
2,460
5,031,824
888,390
26,359,562
789,500
4,133,112
32,871
22,305
137,241,779
899,682,225
2010
2013
20,267,870
302,252
300,554
2,114,534
99,200
643,333
48,022
12,200
563,900
37,020
824,082
449,650
796,700
11,830,155
751,847
364,741
143,680
986,000
50,903,128
5,215,622
16,494
6,951
37,427
19,487,642
3,531,530
1,609,725
298,518
944,290
947,350
5,213
5,399,751
340,699
567,673
44,071
2,180,566
114,422
3,017,720
2,982,706
3,108,805
176,543
869,410
84,356,554
1,261,420
868,669
1,624,352
3,689,094
10,754
9,780,230
20,085,297
3,695,650
969,585
1,278,100
2,510
5,063,904
1,597,026
25,900,999
908,700
7,529,400
75,582
15,282
155,527,552
1,050,636,018
21,732,751
549,310
284,374
2,556,283
110,000
699,160
47,852
12,428
524,170
35,230
863,889
501,000
1,162,227
11,923,961
845,535
354,638
144,754
1,117,940
52,661,102
6,788,809
19,389
6,168
36,463
19,590,963
3,825,080
1,765,296
327,055
993,330
993,648
4,838
5,633,314
297,876
742,284
28,372
2,295,436
113,891
3,090,702
1,796,649
3,338,393
217,663
755,483
95,300,700
916,320
884,515
1,669,693
4,191,000
12,947
10,243,856
23,651,582
4,954,990
1,077,480
1,238,781
2,920
5,059,691
1,985,900
28,280,809
1,006,588
10,042,155
61,163
20,310
169,694,553
1,135,690,216
Annex 19: Beef and Buffalo Meat Production (tonnes)
AreaName
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Maldives
Malaysia
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
OIC
World
1990
1995
750,837
15,400
56,754
72,380
73,245
31,043
924
3,120
15,478
3,300
71,500
14,250
55,000
204,273
42,600
5,220
5,200
81,150
1,060,841
89,500
800
945
2,243
304,000
54,065
2,500
1,375
9,585
24,000
17,010
144,890
2,665
0
202
28,000
46,200
218,171
32,352
39,000
5,385
37,953
1,835,885
86,400
22,000
142,834
1,815
303,500
220,560
15,177
667,000
372,149
2,200
2,250
3,647,562
55,296,249
2000
2005
2010
2013
821,567
15,400
62,146
73,000
62,692
36,990
1,016
3,342
24,709
3,982
54,080
13,500
62,000
266,861
43,750
6,120
5,578
86,400
1,169,596
100,600
684
1,005
3,278
393,857
43,337
3,900
1,510
17,685
21,600
9,600
122,100
3,454
10,670
246
26,000
49,500
224,750
33,910
50,400
10,875
40,634
3,258,636
130,000
30,800
41,200
151,216
1,251
359,462
264,920
548,200
84,700
948,002
17,985
68,615
93,000
73,740
33,232
1,115
3,469
31,826
4,510
56,312
12,000
118,000
279,000
46,157
5,670
6,620
96,750
1,538,663
132,600
896
1,012
6,050
543,594
47,775
6,500
1,760
57,600
8,200
21,000
140,000
3,936
13,921
540
21,600
61,600
296,000
47,255
59,800
15,325
51,698
3,210,003
126,000
35,900
55,529
176,500
3,358
385,795
276,944
306,300
100,622
1,201,305
22,022
111,745
94,000
81,600
29,612
1,571
3,936
40,837
5,247
107,679
18,750
170,000
305,610
47,196
6,300
8,200
147,000
1,686,438
120,000
875
1,100
5,170
612,000
48,080
7,530
2,240
61,467
7,600
25,200
157,000
4,810
5,228
300
22,400
67,650
350,000
55,411
52,700
7,050
72,627
3,635,172
141,100
40,800
71,490
188,000
2,213
396,800
351,000
348,300
90,850
1,255,300
28,666
123,374
102,000
94,836
34,264
1,135
4,080
54,900
6,353
143,676
18,900
134,998
248,669
61,079
8,820
9,250
180,300
2,043,418
126,126
1,020
1,243
6,050
855,653
52,960
12,299
2,560
45,764
13,400
26,300
192,000
14,950
5,810
576
44,000
59,180
343,000
62,215
55,800
15,000
107,512
4,661,892
131,000
40,800
114,222
194,960
856
472,400
225,729
406,817
97,712
1,455,895
31,350
75,842
128,000
98,400
31,835
1,162
3,720
56,050
6,710
169,000
25,500
142,800
403,000
63,626
10,080
9,813
199,008
2,179,060
139,948
1,032
1,265
6,050
862,000
52,566
19,800
2,750
47,545
8,900
29,400
254,000
20,800
7,500
495
52,000
60,500
358,000
70,509
56,000
16,000
112,000
5,364,885
134,000
41,200
122,998
200,470
848
585,876
253,500
383,468
98,600
20,742
847,000
32,000
298,545
51,000
392,000
3,800
1,800
5,249,799
55,711,633
17,721
886,000
14,800
358,683
72,000
390,000
1,900
1,952
5,696,668
58,916,220
26,194
1,004,000
26,700
323,258
103,000
518,100
2,028
1,338
6,522,914
62,244,520
32,341
1,485,000
28,642
621,971
140,000
665,300
2,260
1,882
7,960,610
66,628,767
30,572
1,646,000
34,600
869,658
146,200
813,000
2,262
1,633
8,999,840
67,706,329
Source: FAOSTAT
73
Annex 20: Meat, Poultry Production (tonnes)
AreaName
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
OIC
World
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2013
373,667
10,800
19,163
16,960
3,780
24,180
2,560
835
2,250
686
23,680
27,240
9,168
174,000
12,700
8,624
7,400
29,640
1,485,678
194,260
3,413
416
395,926
10,800
22,470
21,200
4,235
24,180
3,200
1,100
2,955
700
25,600
30,474
10,120
169,000
17,460
8,673
7,360
36,400
1,756,381
208,365
5,031
464
414,577
12,240
26,469
21,200
4,655
22,088
3,760
960
4,176
1,190
29,200
32,850
10,976
160,000
23,239
5,484
12,000
44,090
2,454,764
244,020
5,777
512
528,502
15,440
30,882
53,200
4,900
22,521
3,760
975
5,570
1,477
34,400
20,753
11,708
218,750
29,042
4,873
17,600
52,650
2,878,160
270,360
5,050
560
666,497
22,400
37,280
68,000
5,250
34,899
3,760
1,200
6,600
1,785
41,600
31,958
16,400
245,200
45,451
14,014
28,400
62,300
3,449,735
274,820
6,260
568
636,836
24,400
38,160
72,000
5,355
47,553
3,920
1,550
6,750
1,925
44,136
26,700
17,200
170,000
64,507
16,180
32,000
64,500
3,670,236
287,525
6,450
576
261,502
192,283
50,032
28,716
56,000
65,000
3,840
164,200
2,960
0
2,923
265,250
3,224
21,616
63,262
51,894
15,852
39,035
1,984,548
12,400
6,700
389,773
37,000
107,740
25,899
58,000
102,800
3,840
197,000
3,880
45,702
3,817
310,000
3,120
25,000
88,864
70,460
22,470
47,156
3,290,795
12,320
3,900
14,300
117,481
4,241
875,700
649,850
53,000
2,662
706,737
591,762
74,000
119,042
32,964
105,000
98,540
4,080
267,000
4,320
69,531
4,209
483,700
3,200
26,000
110,190
116,870
27,312
66,734
3,591,375
13,200
4,000
17,188
129,900
11,904
817,740
814,700
33,300
4,643
714,270
654,900
85,000
133,162
32,400
122,400
98,800
4,440
388,000
5,840
69,090
5,308
537,700
3,680
30,500
165,275
118,900
33,600
113,195
5,077,142
32,320
9,000
34,664
168,000
15,635
1,147,060
1,248,700
45,700
5,381
964,000
851,133
52,812
187,652
39,900
80,000
118,800
4,464
612,500
5,944
51,955
8,120
575,684
3,520
38,000
192,000
160,700
40,800
144,103
7,383,512
28,000
17,000
64,470
203,200
20,910
1,565,600
1,874,663
102,979
4,064
1,249,210
958,705
88,000
196,194
40,500
85,000
125,000
4,640
657,000
6,144
66,800
10,000
576,684
3,600
45,000
109,718
207,000
43,200
152,500
8,509,167
26,400
20,952
97,452
219,600
26,862
1,872,482
1,966,865
135,796
6,200
1,359,851
312,550
600
506,165
4,000
16,000
7,318
3,971
5,443,102
54,628,325
331,680
100
660,838
6,000
16,000
11,800
4,111
6,460,715
68,562,134
388,680
200
952,953
14,000
21,300
22,699
6,850
8,483,803
80,816,753
711,940
1,054
1,457,038
19,500
27,000
24,900
11,984
11,499,744
99,256,804
911,940
1,300
1,771,404
21,250
33,000
29,280
8,533
12,816,238
108,669,146
89,357
3,093
508,700
389,900
384,900
160,705
415,000
2,100
11,692
3,843,892
40,997,356
Source: FAOSTAT
74
Annex 21: Sheep and Goat Meat Production (tonnes)
AreaName
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
OIC
World
1990
1995
413,353
5,657
28,433
26,940
16,980
9,904
801
992
3,520
1,162
46,197
10,356
46,576
164,650
20,290
1,367
7,705
21,822
1,011,003
142,405
6,855
415
4,074
82,000
35,827
10,900
17,130
8,710
28,800
20,565
121,835
15,275
0
10,842
82,673
88,270
104,647
119,781
46,300
25,560
38,140
1,505,330
135,012
12,000
75,170
13
90,000
337,500
790
484,000
370,000
765
80
2,929,685
9,690,158
2000
2005
2010
2013
502,273
5,765
33,568
27,718
23,691
10,785
900
839
5,772
1,430
45,023
18,144
52,884
222,227
23,159
1,330
3,268
25,772
1,268,308
178,450
9,945
434
4,405
91,150
30,554
12,000
38,339
10,518
36,376
21,165
132,000
16,625
15,320
10,118
87,536
57,200
236,913
136,570
54,000
50,700
37,990
2,222,133
133,600
18,300
23,000
107,000
50
94,283
385,781
205,800
54,100
587
682,452
6,432
38,913
31,900
30,468
10,391
960
688
7,878
1,598
65,675
25,380
63,752
336,624
23,632
1,138
7,104
29,920
1,483,095
176,350
6,728
433
4,534
75,000
31,080
13,468
34,159
8,546
30,150
34,200
147,000
17,650
11,274
6,494
98,200
67,600
383,000
188,770
63,200
38,420
46,840
2,013,506
169,700
19,500
34,984
131,600
39
78,300
435,666
95,100
43,105
889
807,391
7,165
44,577
32,080
35,440
11,703
1,219
1,405
10,963
1,716
83,215
25,188
82,608
394,048
28,239
1,446
9,540
36,840
1,652,711
191,283
10,920
453
4,547
86,800
30,956
15,317
44,700
10,972
36,600
39,300
137,000
27,550
16,443
8,856
105,500
92,300
470,000
186,969
64,000
25,900
46,345
2,110,826
133,500
20,900
41,894
158,400
66
117,094
440,000
106,600
46,374
1,184
2,349,614
8,177
51,676
36,609
40,686
12,020
1,000
1,540
15,972
2,348
118,435
20,160
73,265
1,877,370
33,379
3,505
10,781
42,691
1,803,268
221,418
16,740
474
4,534
127,779
53,600
21,753
36,285
13,550
44,925
43,800
162,000
34,740
14,795
10,720
98,300
81,900
476,000
166,125
59,400
45,100
69,330
1,973,747
157,200
21,000
74,280
195,000
69
113,700
229,850
142,944
50,432
1,979
960,952
8,600
41,073
38,100
43,020
12,770
1,098
1,298
15,720
2,426
129,340
23,208
71,650
471,910
38,956
3,963
10,800
47,020
1,982,085
298,463
17,079
482
4,663
130,500
58,798
25,200
37,611
11,112
45,450
48,750
144,000
36,825
16,571
11,352
130,160
85,150
481,000
177,618
57,900
46,880
116,522
2,188,812
150,200
23,600
76,723
208,200
62
112,678
270,100
156,379
51,900
2,118
683,000
11,300
372,000
49,500
83,000
780
52
3,992,714
10,538,637
467,000
12,900
374,000
70,500
79,400
780
43
4,179,053
11,541,734
532,000
26,900
315,000
96,500
73,600
780
35
4,570,929
12,679,968
434,000
39,240
273,900
139,300
100,000
820
33
6,126,628
14,764,295
459,000
47,400
351,480
155,120
123,000
836
16
5,131,849
13,961,664
Source: FAOSTAT
75
Annex 22: Agricultural Productivity( Agr. GDP/Arable Land) (US dollars/hectar)
AreaName
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
World
1990
1995
399
396
250
413
168
1,445
1,381
755
213
1,086
560
343
79
471
345
826
262
445
903
989
17,960
1,294
12,090
2,845
1,041
1,583
40,735
837
1,305
1,862
611
8,921
2,210
5,769
1,978
686
398
646
622
15,334
562
1,146
164
1,543
981
17,005
1,091
1,046
6,822
7,570
641
1,027
395
2,314
842
936
2000
324
401
223
333
148
907
1,145
907
384
1,453
274
233
45
354
289
1,102
225
627
833
548
24,970
1,216
14,110
3,748
159
986
22,784
4,728
1,132
1,402
629
14,141
3,495
6,150
2,305
675
280
796
673
27,324
623
962
278
2,343
452
1,240
27,495
1,988
1,152
80
482
12,107
12,697
950
492
1,036
203
846
706
4,492
743
856
2005
327
346
219
319
157
909
906
686
314
691
199
260
48
424
259
808
182
451
968
600
28,880
1,225
17,060
4,438
237
897
13,366
8,300
1,466
911
561
13,021
4,094
5,093
2,596
1,077
287
1,071
750
39,345
846
915
262
1,478
465
1,456
30,740
1,256
915
69
345
8,682
15,600
985
276
1,129
583
924
641
4,198
734
799
Source: FAOSTAT and UNSTAT
76
2010
722
521
393
530
272
1,379
1,469
512
239
925
339
364
101
1,278
401
554
395
596
1,244
1,057
34,380
2,468
22,600
5,032
662
1,877
22,105
5,402
632
1,539
966
17,944
2,559
5,116
3,023
905
619
1,233
1,084
37,065
1,405
1,252
290
2,820
657
1,529
45,120
1,635
1,136
161
546
12,384
25,900
1,265
647
1,896
1,289
862
740
4,762
1,073
1,087
2012
1,250
838
486
826
417
2,091
1,711
612
433
1,270
548
505
155
2,631
513
864
529
793
2,250
1,819
47,838
3,097
23,788
9,966
1,959
4,448
56,244
12,964
1,170
1,956
1,622
23,632
11,389
10,538
3,947
515
1,211
2,547
1,176
48,389
2,878
2,400
573
3,421
1,557
2,499
23,505
4,592
2,135
283
655
27,055
30,733
1,992
1,317
2,886
1,638
1,635
857
7,013
1,974
1,871
1,394
911
595
914
420
2,373
1,733
462
432
1,408
572
719
164
2,869
582
1,111
622
934
2,376
2,430
52,994
2,964
22,930
12,674
2,603
3,971
62,622
7,912
1,289
2,398
1,593
27,576
11,660
13,546
4,204
628
1,021
1,867
1,401
54,940
3,805
2,833
695
3,772
1,888
2,717
30,310
5,410
2,756
390
862
31,765
29,957
2,396
2,070
3,022
2,554
2,136
1,040
6,960
2,235
2,203
Annex 23: Agricultural Labor Productivity (US Dollars Per Economically Active Worker in
Agriculture)
AreaName
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
World
1990
1995
625
556
248
802
293
1,350
1,931
424
245
803
641
227
393
1,067
448
366
585
337
1,930
3,540
8,980
795
63
1,010
8,210
2,837
18,104
2,394
18,841
1,685
1,637
1,254
1,882
8,241
6,912
390
1,019
3,269
2,799
7,352
644
1,051
515
926
295
17,005
531
3,052
3,599
1,136
875
2,451
3,273
4,549
1,057
1,135
2000
520
524
185
603
233
980
1,781
439
331
1,096
463
135
239
937
314
518
484
422
1,819
1,703
12,485
663
66
1,700
1,316
1,896
12,658
16,056
18,566
1,380
1,682
1,257
3,055
15,990
10,201
387
792
3,216
2,654
14,873
596
1,125
595
1,875
834
329
27,495
780
3,830
1,697
1,115
6,361
2,005
1,249
662
2,568
611
1,500
6,055
9,145
1,054
991
2005
508
557
172
537
231
888
1,436
441
194
516
412
142
216
1,200
260
382
406
283
1,980
1,629
19,253
609
74
2,006
1,816
1,457
12,151
26,113
26,093
761
1,462
1,421
3,341
16,553
14,088
549
746
4,256
2,812
27,134
699
943
502
1,279
872
375
61,480
543
2,347
1,153
862
4,465
2,229
1,122
354
2,968
1,805
1,573
5,149
7,975
958
891
Source: FAOSTAT and UNSTAT
77
2010
1,118
872
348
859
430
1,398
2,399
335
175
597
774
229
390
3,739
369
671
675
366
2,526
2,564
12,893
1,085
91
2,027
7,182
3,073
20,263
20,689
13,329
909
2,468
1,697
2,165
11,868
16,582
537
1,716
4,647
3,741
24,955
863
1,277
474
2,367
1,184
364
90,240
770
2,968
2,985
1,363
6,947
3,378
1,243
684
5,259
3,984
1,421
5,759
7,293
1,392
1,182
2013
1,815
1,235
447
1,363
607
2,240
2,942
469
301
814
1,233
321
539
7,014
497
1,053
966
478
4,217
4,113
19,135
1,263
142
4,494
16,786
6,638
35,153
50,963
29,974
1,133
4,207
2,533
4,566
18,441
24,135
225
3,066
8,477
4,072
14,574
1,696
2,364
822
3,546
2,731
597
94,020
2,177
5,623
5,626
1,640
16,378
4,009
1,655
1,291
7,709
4,506
2,598
6,790
12,539
2,439
1,958
2,111
1,550
552
1,644
585
2,808
2,996
307
375
944
1,263
445
569
8,538
484
1,764
1,133
537
5,012
6,055
22,355
1,240
173
5,475
22,581
8,447
36,362
68,620
28,327
1,304
5,425
2,403
4,971
21,214
29,999
272
3,829
5,236
4,735
16,481
2,316
2,738
915
4,206
3,622
740
2,506
6,240
8,982
2,175
19,607
4,078
2,080
2,008
7,880
8,087
3,780
9,509
12,654
2,819
2,453
Annex 24: Wheat Yield (tonnes/Ha)
AreaName
African Group
Cameroon
Chad
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
OIC
World
1990
1995
2000
1.06
1.50
1.50
1.20
1.80
2.89
0.83
2.00
1.84
0.63
5.20
1.01
1.45
3.13
1.97
1.23
1.08
1.33
2.38
1.96
2.37
1.00
2.10
1.18
2.01
2.18
1.80
1.81
0.89
5.42
0.81
1.44
3.08
2.48
0.73
0.84
0.55
2.37
2.30
4.65
0.37
1.59
1.54
1.27
2.22
1.58
1.76
1.05
3.02
2.30
4.47
0.25
1.61
2.55
1.28
1.74
1.68
1.50
1.14
2.87
1.49
1.95
1.71
0.57
1.72
2.08
0.89
1.92
1.59
2.02
1.56
2.51
1.50
1.28
1.82
2.12
1.78
2.56
Source: FAOSTAT
78
2005
1.50
1.77
1.43
2.35
1.00
1.86
1.40
1.71
1.68
0.92
6.34
0.32
1.40
2.30
2.70
0.79
1.44
0.48
3.19
2.47
2.31
4.26
0.37
2.33
1.85
1.17
6.50
1.62
1.80
0.72
3.05
2.32
2.21
1.59
0.90
2.34
2.49
1.18
2.23
2.41
2.61
1.78
2.72
2010
1.23
1.28
1.50
2.20
1.11
1.45
1.10
1.67
2.09
1.51
6.49
0.87
1.17
1.76
2.90
0.76
1.91
1.03
3.19
2.09
2.33
5.42
0.39
2.46
2.45
1.69
2.00
1.31
2.00
1.82
3.16
2.58
1.75
2.06
0.95
2.24
2.59
1.96
2.32
3.15
4.21
2.02
2.85
2013
1.70
1.38
1.98
2.50
1.34
1.51
1.67
1.67
2.33
1.48
5.57
1.99
1.03
2.35
2.78
0.79
2.08
1.71
4.13
1.75
2.25
6.15
0.41
1.79
1.93
1.89
5.80
1.78
1.91
1.93
3.99
1.94
2.40
1.92
0.73
2.17
2.55
3.02
2.43
2.71
4.59
1.99
2.99
1.40
1.29
1.88
3.98
1.67
3.16
1.00
1.41
2.76
1.91
6.67
2.31
1.38
2.25
3.78
1.25
1.66
2.16
3.18
1.67
2.27
4.62
0.40
1.95
2.32
1.89
7.60
1.69
2.15
2.02
3.88
2.67
3.01
1.99
1.08
2.37
2.79
2.46
2.84
2.00
4.74
2.27
3.27
Annex 25: Maize Yield (tonnes/ha)
Area
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
OIC
World
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
1.07
0.90
1.46
1.85
0.98
1.19
1.58
1.20
1.02
1.07
1.16
0.45
0.31
1.13
1.14
1.09
0.97
1.50
3.49
1.65
2.38
1.67
5.78
2.48
8.89
10.55
1.69
1.00
0.68
1.16
13.50
1.80
1.15
0.49
3.25
1.21
1.17
1.14
1.55
0.88
1.54
1.55
1.29
1.20
1.00
1.28
0.68
0.82
1.27
1.09
1.01
0.86
1.60
3.40
1.61
2.45
1.67
6.16
1.43
12.65
18.06
2.33
0.90
0.80
0.13
12.58
1.95
0.83
0.57
3.60
1.34
1.15
1.75
2.46
0.75
2.03
1.62
1.61
1.42
0.99
1.33
0.94
0.64
1.30
1.11
0.93
1.20
1.74
4.78
3.62
2.35
1.83
7.68
0.76
14.56
18.62
3.89
2.89
0.91
0.40
12.52
6.28
1.46
0.74
3.44
1.41
1.14
1.81
2.13
1.09
2.11
1.58
1.05
1.54
2.66
1.49
0.51
0.80
1.66
2.80
0.98
1.16
1.59
5.06
3.39
1.86
1.50
8.16
2.31
23.33
20.00
3.78
2.40
0.82
0.20
12.48
3.73
1.18
1.02
3.68
1.27
2.22
1.76
3.66
1.36
2.32
1.66
3.13
1.18
1.07
2.26
4.54
1.94
3.21
1.87
1.00
1.60
1.94
3.69
3.47
3.50
1.04
1.82
1.79
3.81
1.48
2.86
1.20
3.88
3.25
2.06
2.76
6.17
3.34
5.75
2.41
3.05
1.74
2.70
4.14
0.97
2.67
1.24
1.90
2.28
4.32
0.81
3.87
1.21
4.54
4.77
5.33
3.45
7.22
4.15
6.06
3.00
3.33
2.98
4.05
7.00
0.94
4.89
1.25
2.27
2.61
4.82
1.00
2.13
4.33
1.75
1.00
1.40
4.08
1.57
2.16
1.72
3.69
Source: FAOSTAT
79
2013
1.68
1.10
1.43
1.97
0.95
1.98
1.66
1.25
1.20
0.69
2.78
1.20
0.76
1.85
1.54
1.45
1.19
2.30
5.21
2.58
2.59
1.44
7.27
2.36
19.39
19.42
2.74
1.93
0.86
1.21
20.76
5.31
1.51
1.32
3.51
18.53
1.68
4.78
1.64
6.68
4.56
5.84
4.44
8.93
4.83
6.06
5.54
4.33
3.81
12.05
7.26
1.06
7.02
1.53
2.33
2.98
5.19
1.79
1.38
1.74
1.98
1.30
1.94
1.67
1.00
1.34
0.49
2.35
0.96
0.83
2.00
1.47
2.10
1.26
2.75
5.22
3.36
2.60
2.00
7.73
4.22
20.10
20.00
3.33
2.00
0.40
0.66
12.00
5.33
1.21
1.60
3.65
13.33
1.51
5.29
2.20
6.31
5.39
6.62
4.84
5.98
5.28
6.18
8.97
5.00
4.23
15.08
8.94
1.12
10.62
1.25
2.47
3.13
5.50
Annex 26: Seed cotton Yield (tonnes/ha)
AreaName
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Egypt
Iraq
Morocco
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
OIC
World
1990
1995
0.87
1.19
1.14
1.21
0.77
1.20
0.53
1.08
1.34
1.34
0.37
0.20
0.48
1.03
1.25
0.28
1.90
0.61
2.01
1.45
1.62
0.38
1.38
2.82
1.30
0.76
2.00
1.04
1.00
2000
0.92
1.33
1.03
1.03
0.76
1.03
0.42
1.18
1.21
1.21
0.60
1.17
0.58
0.90
1.06
0.33
2.10
0.47
2.14
1.22
1.28
0.41
1.41
2.94
1.60
0.96
2.11
1.13
0.97
1.16
1.17
0.36
1.92
2.08
2.25
1.80
1.52
3.00
2.13
2.64
1.85
1.60
2.54
0.57
1.98
1.85
2.76
1.66
1.64
Source: FAOSTAT
80
2005
0.87
1.06
1.02
1.03
0.64
1.38
0.51
1.25
1.43
1.07
0.33
1.00
0.74
0.92
0.83
0.30
2.56
0.55
2.54
1.67
2.30
0.40
0.86
4.00
1.14
1.04
2.04
1.14
0.95
0.90
2.50
0.33
2.02
1.89
2.60
1.87
1.41
3.46
1.79
2.08
1.76
1.67
2010
0.94
1.10
1.15
1.36
0.70
1.12
0.41
1.36
1.27
0.97
0.47
1.00
0.79
1.18
0.50
0.57
2.52
0.41
2.04
1.07
2.10
0.40
1.56
4.30
1.36
1.17
2.34
1.10
0.95
1.75
2.98
0.37
2.28
2.31
2.62
2.14
1.55
4.11
1.67
2.61
1.89
2.00
2013
1.08
1.00
1.14
1.31
0.35
0.93
0.36
0.96
1.40
1.14
0.48
1.00
1.51
0.94
0.71
1.04
2.29
0.31
2.44
2.20
2.08
0.40
1.19
2.74
0.73
1.26
2.31
1.00
1.17
1.27
3.10
0.31
2.55
1.79
2.79
2.09
1.91
4.48
1.24
2.56
1.99
2.15
1.03
0.88
1.22
1.14
0.55
1.62
0.41
0.98
1.06
1.00
0.97
0.95
0.72
1.03
0.70
1.21
2.34
0.30
3.11
2.48
1.68
0.41
1.22
2.71
0.71
1.21
2.41
1.16
1.11
1.93
3.25
0.30
2.00
2.87
2.93
2.23
2.12
4.99
1.04
2.57
1.97
2.27
Annex 27: Renewable Water Potential 2014-2017
AreaName
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
OIC Total
World
Total renewable water
resources (10^9 m3/year)
1,815.35
26.39
13.50
283.10
45.70
84.14
166.00
8.00
226.00
31.40
120.00
217.10
34.05
286.20
38.97
160.00
14.70
60.10
288.87
11.67
0.12
1.20
0.30
58.30
89.86
0.94
0.02
4.50
0.70
11.40
29.00
1.40
0.84
0.06
2.40
14.70
37.80
16.80
4.62
0.15
2.10
5,157.71
65.33
30.20
34.68
1,227.00
8.50
2,019.00
137.00
108.40
23.62
580.00
0.03
246.80
21.91
211.60
24.77
48.87
271.00
99.00
7,261.93
54,705.59
Share of Renewable Water Resources to
the Agricultural Land (m3/hectar in a year)
5,078.55
7,132.43
1,118.48
29,035.90
915.24
4,084.47
32,170.54
13,223.14
15,694.44
19,263.80
2,881.08
4,346.35
760.35
3,975.00
4,322.80
39,052.58
3,818.18
4,214.00
553.52
281.67
13,488.37
7,594.94
176.26
16,140.64
11,735.67
898.97
131.58
6,143.25
45.59
287.44
953.85
950.57
3,206.90
882.80
13.84
333.11
335.40
1,206.81
457.88
377.83
89.21
9,964.99
1,723.29
25,139.43
7,273.03
134,465.75
634,328.36
35,734.51
2,788.46
521.22
2,230.13
74,843.54
4,285.71
9,127.22
4,494.36
5,509.41
732.02
1,831.02
161,501.79
1,192,771.08
5,198.56
11,114.04
Source: FAOSTAT and AQUASTAT
81
Long-term average precipitation in
depth (mm/year) 2014
19,131.00
1,039.00
748.00
1,604.00
322.00
1,348.00
1,831.00
836.00
1,651.00
1,577.00
282.00
1,032.00
151.00
1,150.00
686.00
2,526.00
1,168.00
1,180.00
4,842.00
89.00
83.00
900.00
220.00
51.00
216.00
111.00
121.00
661.00
56.00
92.00
346.00
125.00
402.00
74.00
59.00
282.00
250.00
252.00
207.00
78.00
167.00
23,070.00
327.00
1,485.00
447.00
2,666.00
2,722.00
2,702.00
228.00
250.00
533.00
2,875.00
1,972.00
494.00
691.00
593.00
161.00
206.00
2,387.00
2,331.00
47,043.00
208,187.00
Annex 28: Fertilizer consumption (kilograms per hectare of arable land)
2002
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Cote d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia, The
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen, Rep.
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
OIC
World
2005
2010
2012
4.75
16.37
0.43
9.77
0.00
31.02
5.58
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
5.98
0.61
4.53
11.60
6.11
0.45
15.24
8.00
0.00
17.78
8.34
9.61
0.92
0.00
15.69
1.43
0.39
7.20
9.71
6.78
8.99
9.43
9.24
0.00
32.20
3.16
7.30
1.05
0.00
19.60
8.20
0.50
6.20
8.10
6.93
19.44
11.00
10.06
0.00
25.40
17.29
6.46
3.36
0.00
26.04
5.99
1.33
4.77
8.02
5.17
1.33
55.38
9.64
8,964.50
9.68
0.97
66.54
7.43
2,906.67
8.96
1.72
59.44
19.48
1,660.63
5.00
1.85
76.02
21.67
821.88
432.53
0.00
1,590.46
1,763.33
358.00
66.29
672.88
41.61
784.02
4,349.09
313.76
67.13
605.06
37.58
187.72
884.00
296.74
18.66
575.44
56.57
1,260.46
337.10
282.90
30.88
65.55
382.94
63.79
1,365.82
39.59
113.88
28.21
969.76
44.43
56.48
633.53
93.90
6,105.71
92.04
12,087.69
356.57
3.47
68.35
25.22
672.27
8.20
85.37
3.40
97.19
10.43
188.64
336.00
123.96
78.74
1.05
7.05
1,177.02
6.00
140.84
72.80
2.68
84.95
64.09
218.54
3.81
102.52
4.24
111.60
13.36
197.75
308.50
143.99
95.05
1.80
24.63
1,457.36
29.67
175.19
37.82
86.76
10.79
33.02
40.40
674.90
19.46
119.25
4.26
83.31
9.95
212.96
431.50
181.52
51.94
1.60
21.67
2,196.95
82.33
197.95
54.22
96.38
10.56
29.90
55.63
605.53
9.78
116.38
4.60
90.89
17.97
278.65
113.50
194.81
26.30
1.83
21.62
1,570.70
138.00
166.90
58.72
106.14
33.11
92.18
52.93
108.09
22.10
106.37
62.92
115.62
170.19
39.32
197.56
68.79
135.99
203.55
25.48
62.30
69.82
141.31
Source: FAOSTAT and WorldBank Data
82
Annex 29: Average dietary energy supply adequacy (percentage)
Regions/Subregions/Countries
African Countries
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Countries
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Saudi Arabia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Countries
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
OIC
World
Least developed countries
Developed countries
Developing countries
1990-92
104.92
102.00
104.00
95.00
82.00
123.00
113.00
115.00
113.00
107.00
114.00
83.00
102.00
108.00
100.00
93.00
93.00
109.00
127.95
129.00
70.00
143.00
125.00
128.00
92.00
141.00
117.00
136.00
109.00
128.00
93.00
141.00
131.00
104.00
114.99
102.00
111.00
103.00
99.00
122.00
107.00
135.00
125.00
119.00
120.00
116.00
108.00
97.00
165.00
116.00
125.00
103.00
107.00
115.39
113.00
95.00
131.00
108.00
1995-97
110.27
105.00
108.00
95.00
86.00
124.00
118.00
111.00
108.00
105.00
112.00
91.00
101.00
119.00
97.00
101.00
99.00
105.00
126.54
124.00
77.00
147.00
103.00
121.00
135.00
142.00
118.00
135.00
104.00
130.00
100.00
140.00
133.00
101.00
115.61
91.00
117.00
94.00
95.00
125.00
113.00
135.00
124.00
111.00
129.00
117.00
112.00
91.00
160.00
113.00
118.00
113.00
109.00
116.59
115.00
93.00
130.00
112.00
Source: FAOSTAT
83
2000-02
113.07
108.00
109.00
98.00
93.00
124.00
121.00
115.00
109.00
103.00
119.00
95.00
112.00
121.00
98.00
94.00
101.00
111.00
127.84
124.00
88.00
148.00
106.00
127.00
143.00
140.00
120.00
135.00
115.00
135.00
104.00
138.00
134.00
101.00
112.78
89.00
117.00
106.00
104.00
123.00
108.00
128.00
123.00
105.00
123.00
115.00
106.00
90.00
156.00
115.00
102.00
119.00
108.00
115.79
116.00
97.00
133.00
112.00
2005-07
117.83
116.00
116.00
106.00
95.00
131.00
122.00
113.00
113.00
102.00
127.00
99.00
118.00
126.00
103.00
100.00
105.00
111.00
128.30
128.00
100.00
147.00
111.00
137.00
147.00
130.00
121.00
138.00
118.00
128.00
107.00
137.00
125.00
101.00
114.48
98.00
117.00
121.00
107.00
127.00
110.00
125.00
132.00
115.00
122.00
110.00
107.00
92.00
154.00
122.00
109.00
116.00
112.00
118.00
118.00
101.00
135.00
114.00
2010-12
119.83
119.00
122.00
116.00
97.00
130.00
123.00
129.00
116.00
106.00
137.00
108.00
123.00
125.00
106.00
108.00
113.00
109.00
135.53
138.00
107.00
152.00
116.00
138.00
140.00
129.00
128.00
141.00
127.00
133.00
2014-16
119.74
127.00
123.00
118.00
103.00
131.00
125.00
132.00
118.00
110.00
137.00
110.00
125.00
123.00
99.00
111.00
122.00
108.00
137.71
144.00
115.00
152.00
118.00
138.00
135.00
135.00
132.00
144.00
129.00
137.00
142.00
122.00
103.00
118.24
102.00
121.00
123.00
107.00
124.00
120.00
127.00
135.00
120.00
122.00
122.00
108.00
94.00
155.00
124.00
116.00
115.00
116.00
121.78
121.00
104.00
134.00
118.00
148.00
132.00
102.00
120.17
99.00
121.00
127.00
108.00
130.00
121.00
138.00
137.00
122.00
129.00
131.00
108.00
97.00
156.00
129.00
122.00
118.00
116.00
123.27
123.00
105.00
136.00
120.00
Annex 30: Average value of food production (Int. dollars/caput)
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
OIC
World
Developed countries
1990-92
2000-02
158
141
117
154
131
256
204
77
159
141
158
70
133
173
105
95
98
179
167
113
41
71
178
121
166
23
412
161
192
99
66
142
160
302
131
59
195
154
172
196
95
37
156
225
523
252
331
39
160
136
423
204
228
263
277
182
242
121
467
181
Source: FAOSTAT
84
2010-12
175
176
125
160
127
271
169
86
156
162
160
85
154
205
97
79
107
172
188
119
34
66
231
108
162
78
344
142
184
130
69
134
212
263
262
62
202
115
258
185
106
85
169
282
361
283
381
34
174
101
411
309
214
424
179
193
265
120
461
217
2011-13
183
193
137
231
118
286
158
76
169
188
227
112
177
199
105
182
129
152
198
185
25
83
260
81
189
88
252
135
271
131
28
128
183
201
134
234
118
292
157
65
170
193
220
111
166
200
96
187
124
147
200
196
29
85
264
83
185
91
244
134
272
121
27
126
338
58
75
249
113
377
257
138
108
232
328
445
290
472
24
193
141
473
440
339
447
237
222
307
149
484
268
346
46
74
251
112
386
266
138
113
237
329
460
291
481
22
178
149
488
444
358
473
240
223
311
149
491
272
Annex 31: Average protein supply (gr/caput/day)
Regions/ Subregions/ Countries
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Saudi Arabia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
OIC
World
Developed countries
1990-92
1995-97
51
51
67
49
53
55
72
55
54
46
67
30
59
50
64
42
46
52
74
75
39
85
67
74
59
83
77
84
66
78
62
85
102
56
62
60
80
69
45
80
50
78
86
81
67
77
58
56
109
75
80
62
64
62
69
101.00
61.00
48.00
2000-02
54
52
69
50
56
53
77
53
50
45
67
37
59
57
58
47
51
45
75
75
40
91
46
71
102
90
72
81
68
81
69
87
107
55
64
55
91
62
44
91
55
82
90
83
77
87
62
48
106
74
75
73
59
64
73
100.00
66.00
47.00
Source: FAOSTAT
85
2005-07
57
56
70
56
63
52
76
59
51
44
69
37
69
59
56
45
50
50
78
78
49
95
54
73
103
92
77
85
76
83
73
90
110
58
64
52
94
72
50
88
53
82
88
84
76
101
60
49
104
82
67
77
57
65
75
102.00
68.00
50.00
2009-11
61
59
75
62
62
55
82
59
52
42
75
42
76
63
58
51
53
52
80
84
59
98
55
80
115
84
79
90
77
82
75
91
104
56
66
54
98
84
53
85
55
84
93
84
79
92
61
51
103
91
74
74
59
67
77
104.00
70.00
53.00
63
61
80
68
62
58
82
67
54
43
82
45
81
64
60
55
55
51
83
88
63
102
61
82
108
81
80
94
88
84
75
97
100
58
69
58
101
88
55
84
60
86
97
85
79
105
64
52
103
92
80
75
62
70
79
103.00
74.00
57.00
Annex 32: Number of people undernourished (million people)
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Saudi Arabia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
OIC
World
1990-92
55.40
1.50
2.40
4.70
3.60
1.30
0.10
0.10
1.50
0.20
1.40
7.80
2.20
20.80
1.90
1.70
1.50
4.20
5.80
2.10
0.50
ns
1.40
0.20
0.80
ns
ns
0.30
1.50
0.34
ns
10.60
ns
ns
3.60
109.90
3.80
1.80
36.00
ns
35.90
2.90
ns
0.70
1.00
<0.1
28.70
1.60
ns
0.40
ns
0.20
<0.1
171.10
1010.60
1995-97
54.90
1.60
2.20
5.40
3.70
1.70
<0.1
0.20
2.00
0.30
1.70
8.30
3.10
13.20
2.60
1.40
1.50
6.00
10.30
2.50
0.50
ns
4.80
0.40
<0.1
ns
ns
0.30
2.00
0.45
ns
9.10
ns
ns
ns
4.70
116.80
8.40
2.10
44.20
ns
28.80
ns
ns
0.70
ns
<0.1
28.30
2.00
ns
0.40
ns
0.10
<0.1
182.00
966.20
2000-02
54.70
1.60
3.30
5.00
3.50
2.70
ns
0.20
2.30
0.30
1.30
7.90
2.30
11.20
2.90
1.70
1.40
7.10
11.80
2.70
0.40
ns
5.80
0.30
ns
ns
ns
0.30
1.90
0.27
ns
9.60
ns
ns
ns
5.30
118.90
10.00
1.40
27.70
ns
38.30
3.80
ns
0.80
ns
<0.1
34.40
2.50
ns
0.40
3.60
<0.1
<0.1
185.40
929.60
2005-07
50.90
1.30
3.50
3.90
4.10
2.50
ns
0.20
2.20
0.40
1.10
8.00
2.00
9.30
2.40
2.00
1.40
6.60
14.10
2.30
0.30
ns
7.30
ns
ns
ns
ns
0.40
1.70
0.26
ns
10.20
ns
ns
ns
6.10
122.30
8.30
ns
24.30
ns
42.70
4.70
0.80
0.50
ns
<0.1
38.10
2.80
ns
0.20
3.30
<0.1
<0.1
187.30
942.30
2010-12
49.90
1.20
3.50
2.50
4.80
2.80
ns
0.10
2.00
0.40
ns
7.30
1.70
10.20
1.90
1.60
1.20
8.70
14.40
ns
0.20
ns
7.80
ns
ns
ns
ns
0.30
1.70
0.17
ns
2014-16*
54.60
0.80
3.70
2.30
4.70
2.80
ns
0.10
2.00
0.40
ns
6.90
1.80
12.90
3.70
1.40
0.80
10.30
15.10
ns
0.10
ns
8.10
ns
ns
ns
ns
0.20
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
6.10
107.90
7.10
ns
26.50
ns
26.90
4.70
ns
0.40
ns
<0.1
38.30
2.90
ns
ns
2.20
<0.1
<0.1
172.20
820.70
ns
ns
ns
6.70
98.90
8.60
ns
26.30
ns
19.40
ns
ns
0.30
ns
<0.1
41.40
2.90
ns
ns
ns
<0.1
<0.1
168.60
794.60
Source: FAOSTAT
Note: Aggregates for sub-groups are calculated with using data only from the countries which have regularly
available data.
86
Annex 33: Gross domestic product per capita (in purchasing power equivalent) (constant
2011 Int. Dollars)
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
OIC
World
Developed countries
1990
2,237.3
1,361.8
847.6
2,768.3
1,111.4
3,233.8
19,147.3
1,517.0
1,127.8
1,564.2
1,100.2
461.5
924.1
3,030.5
1,856.5
1,333.0
1,349.9
766.7
9,626.2
10,112.8
35,398.4
1,540.2
3,049.7
6,023.8
11,211.7
7,057.5
35,239.0
1,859.9
5,502.1
115,747.6
3,441.3
4,752.1
35,424.8
2,052.2
6,054.8
107,273.8
3,644.5
5,452.2
2000
2,127.7
1,525.4
1,079.6
2,403.9
998.1
3,049.2
17,438.5
1,564.2
1,138.9
1,329.7
1,269.1
582.5
778.1
2,836.0
1,916.3
1,005.6
1,304.7
1,041.6
11,872.3
9,885.5
45,062.6
1,342.9
2,078.5
7,811.8
11,764.4
7,694.8
74,824.4
12,335.0
23,084.8
2,435.7
4,429.6
45,624.7
4,205.7
111,581.8
37,065.7
2,395.5
7,463.9
108,909.0
4,017.5
5,786.9
4,349.8
8,513.3
1,238.7
77,076.3
4,295.3
8,679.1
12,728.5
3,474.7
10,159.2
3,940.8
3,319.8
1,375.7
78,405.7
5,771.8
9,560.4
8,078.6
1,696.4
14,035.3
5,304.7
4,459.0
1,605.7
74,475.0
5,552.0
10,693.9
9,706.0
2,074.5
15,694.7
2,961.1
3,635.3
10,670.2
8,353.2
3,043.2
3,230.7
10,625.2
5,234.1
8,832.3
1,328.6
27,092.3
3,750.0
3,255.5
1,265.6
11,530.4
4,622.9
2,221.7
4,532.8
9,848.3
5,652.8
9,111.6
1,277.3
27,092.9
4,335.7
3,365.9
1,185.6
13,025.1
5,350.7
2,480.9
5,071.4
9,908.0
6,247.8
10,240.7
1,419.6
31,038.0
5,050.0
7,734.4
2,459.1
3,900.9
35,194.3
1995
2,043.2
1,398.1
896.7
2,187.8
1,044.0
2,964.3
19,523.8
1,447.7
1,048.9
1,632.2
1,125.5
464.7
810.9
2,739.6
1,774.3
1,040.2
1,197.9
909.6
10,017.8
9,168.4
43,243.7
1,416.5
2,315.1
6,556.5
6,353.3
7,516.4
81,836.5
12,253.9
2,492.2
3,870.2
39,325.6
2,788.5
Source: FAOSTAT
87
2005
2,755.2
1,583.9
1,271.3
2,532.4
1,802.8
2,827.8
16,883.9
1,552.2
1,210.1
1,298.5
1,482.8
773.2
788.1
4,130.1
2,105.6
1,157.9
1,210.9
1,217.3
13,245.3
12,077.2
44,030.7
1,446.5
2,239.8
8,561.2
10,488.6
9,292.6
92,179.8
12,258.1
26,156.7
2,554.0
5,363.4
41,408.8
4,506.1
118,438.1
38,410.1
2,834.2
8,707.0
103,139.8
4,295.4
6,748.3
1,145.7
7,074.9
8,051.7
1,934.7
74,440.7
6,510.0
13,188.3
15,619.2
2,370.2
17,928.8
7,639.1
3,910.2
1,719.0
15,175.6
6,504.9
3,041.3
5,140.4
12,225.4
7,197.0
11,582.2
1,656.9
34,408.6
6,197.7
2010
3,246.0
1,636.6
1,433.5
2,570.8
1,952.5
2,892.2
16,725.8
1,667.1
1,185.4
1,367.9
1,663.6
932.8
841.2
5,113.7
2,181.7
1,346.5
1,246.0
1,515.2
15,217.0
12,494.1
40,552.9
1,376.9
2,665.4
10,620.6
12,329.7
11,256.1
74,967.8
16,263.0
30,261.1
2,673.9
6,465.7
49,353.4
4,162.7
127,235.7
46,181.1
3,326.7
10,410.9
57,380.0
4,534.2
8,004.9
1,637.3
9,374.2
15,950.3
2,459.3
70,636.5
8,026.7
15,704.9
19,601.1
2,790.2
20,398.4
10,681.2
4,219.6
2,110.3
16,674.0
10,031.6
4,185.1
5,542.1
14,324.6
8,411.6
13,087.5
2,033.9
35,428.3
8,027.1
2013
3,440.6
1,733.3
1,630.4
2,739.3
2,021.6
3,107.5
18,646.4
1,608.1
1,212.9
1,361.9
1,589.2
1,069.6
886.8
5,422.7
2,170.1
1,494.6
1,345.9
1,620.6
14,288.7
12,892.9
42,444.3
1,399.8
2,902.5
10,733.5
14,471.5
11,404.7
16,622.9
20,371.2
2,945.2
6,967.3
4,484.4
127,562.2
52,068.0
3,264.8
10,767.6
3,832.3
8,764.9
1,883.8
9,960.9
16,593.2
2,853.4
69,474.2
9,254.4
15,090.0
22,469.7
3,109.8
22,589.4
11,282.8
4,454.1
2,431.7
18,567.1
13,554.9
5,002.1
6,336.0
15,555.8
8,555.4
13,915.1
2,174.4
36,638.0
8,900.4
Annex 34: Consumer Prices Food Indices (2000=100 for most of the countries, Year Average)
AreaName
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Turkey
Guyana
Suriname
World
France
Germany
Japan
United Kingdom
United States of America
2000
2005
2010
2013
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
114.4
120.2
110.3
137.7
114.3
105.5
169.2
206.9
104.7
115.1
173.9
120.7
216.3
160.3
170.1
156.2
188.6
122.5
127.7
263.8
100.0
100.0
137.6
114.0
126.1
141.6
152.7
139.4
168.7
109.1
116.7
221.1
589.0
99.4
107.3
329.4
132.5
355.8
99.5
243.1
152.0
218.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
116.6
101.3
105.0
100.0
100.0
113.4
119.4
100.0
147.3
149.3
156.9
105.7
106.5
107.5
122.5
115.2
57.9
157.1
137.0
225.3
330.1
167.7
162.1
107.0
210.5
114.7
154.4
151.5
149.8
190.7
147.2
110.4
193.6
148.8
319.4
363.7
189.5
185.0
123.7
243.8
121.7
168.3
167.9
170.3
587.3
177.2
155.9
136.7
236.0
195.9
111.6
247.0
164.8
152.7
134.5
155.4
268.0
186.2
178.6
273.1
189.2
121.4
118.5
101.0
136.0
130.9
149.9
235.8
361.8
234.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
80.5
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
114.3
134.1
127.8
102.2
140.3
186.3
148.2
118.3
108.8
100.0
132.1
112.1
121.7
174.2
128.0
111.0
105.3
97.8
107.3
113.6
Source: FAOSTAT
88
110.8
117.8
147.7
479.1
107.6
380.9
160.0
324.7
251.9
112.0
317.7
403.1
340.7
233.6
129.1
130.7
100.6
154.3
141.3
Annex 35: Percentage of population with access to improved water sources
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
OIC
World
Developed countries
1990
46.19
57.10
43.60
51.30
39.80
76.00
75.80
52.40
35.80
28.10
33.60
34.30
45.60
59.90
36.70
48.40
41.60
83.05
93.90
94.90
87.00
76.60
92.90
78.30
96.70
99.00
100.00
54.40
30.30
72.80
78.80
100.00
92.00
67.50
85.70
81.50
99.70
66.30
77.32
69.90
68.00
69.70
92.20
94.10
72.90
88.20
93.20
85.30
85.40
90.00
77.10
71.80
78.50
50.10
97.90
71.50
1995
51.16
61.70
50.70
56.50
42.30
76.70
80.00
79.40
57.60
43.60
36.70
36.70
38.20
50.40
63.20
42.00
50.80
49.10
81.91
92.80
96.00
89.50
77.70
94.50
78.20
96.90
99.00
100.00
54.40
35.30
75.80
80.30
96.70
100.00
93.30
21.00
65.50
86.10
85.80
99.70
63.30
78.84
4.90
96.40
70.70
72.10
73.70
93.00
94.00
73.50
92.50
93.50
86.80
57.70
88.90
86.40
89.60
81.10
87.30
73.74
80.60
51.40
98.10
74.60
2000
55.88
66.10
59.90
61.70
44.70
77.50
83.80
82.80
62.70
51.90
45.50
41.10
42.20
54.80
66.40
47.30
53.40
56.50
81.82
89.40
98.90
92.00
82.30
96.10
80.10
96.70
99.00
100.00
54.40
40.40
78.10
84.00
92.00
100.00
95.00
23.50
62.00
87.50
89.40
99.70
59.90
81.97
22.10
96.50
74.00
76.00
77.70
94.10
93.80
78.70
96.40
95.20
88.30
59.60
92.80
83.30
88.70
86.20
88.90
76.33
83.00
55.90
98.50
78.10
Source: FAOSTAT
89
2005
60.37
70.60
69.10
66.90
47.20
78.60
87.90
86.00
67.80
60.60
54.50
44.50
46.20
58.90
69.50
52.50
56.00
64.10
82.38
85.90
100.00
94.60
87.10
97.70
82.10
96.40
99.00
100.00
2010
64.79
75.10
78.20
72.10
49.70
79.70
91.10
88.90
72.80
69.90
63.60
47.80
50.50
62.60
72.80
57.90
58.80
71.70
82.68
83.80
100.00
95.10
91.80
99.30
84.40
96.20
99.00
100.00
2012
66.53
76.10
81.70
74.10
50.70
80.20
92.20
90.10
74.80
73.60
67.20
49.20
52.30
64.00
74.10
60.10
60.00
74.80
85.31
83.90
100.00
45.50
80.40
87.70
85.70
100.00
96.70
28.40
58.40
88.70
92.80
99.70
56.50
84.75
39.50
96.20
77.90
79.80
80.90
95.10
93.50
84.20
99.50
96.90
89.70
64.60
96.40
75.30
87.80
91.30
91.80
78.76
85.40
60.20
98.80
81.40
49.60
82.70
91.50
81.80
100.00
97.00
31.50
54.90
89.70
95.90
99.60
54.60
87.42
57.10
95.90
80.20
83.40
83.80
95.70
93.20
87.60
99.60
98.30
91.20
69.70
99.60
70.80
87.30
96.50
94.30
81.06
87.80
64.50
99.20
84.60
49.60
83.60
93.00
81.80
100.00
97.00
92.10
99.30
85.40
96.10
99.00
100.00
55.50
90.10
96.80
99.60
54.90
88.30
64.20
95.70
80.20
84.80
84.90
95.90
93.10
87.60
99.60
98.60
91.40
71.70
99.70
71.10
87.30
97.60
95.20
82.40
88.70
66.60
99.30
85.80
Annex 36: Domestic food price volatility (index)
African Group
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Gabon
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
Arab Group
Algeria
Bahrain
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Iraq
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Tunisia
Yemen
Asian Group
Afghanistan
Albania
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Brunei Darussalam
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Maldives
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Guyana
Suriname
World
Developed countries
2000
2005
2010
2013
14.6
19.3
8.3
15.4
20.3
5.9
3.7
13.2
11.9
24.4
6.3
15.9
11.5
6.4
4.1
14.4
19.2
13.4
17.3
14.0
13.5
11.7
2.9
5.6
14.0
14.6
5.6
10.2
5.3
16.5
11.5
14.9
13.7
26.1
19.0
16.2
7.3
18.8
19.7
9.8
21.4
25.0
19.8
14.2
4.7
22.9
6.0
9.9
10.9
29.8
18.7
6.7
11.1
4.0
7.0
4.4
10.9
18.2
13.9
13.8
12.3
8.1
8.6
15.1
9.5
16.1
3.7
9.6
8.9
6.0
10.9
11.1
11.7
23.4
9.0
7.5
10.2
22.7
13.0
9.6
6.4
11.1
6.9
8.8
5.9
3.9
11.8
6.6
5.5
6.4
8.1
5.6
18.4
4.9
8.3
6.1
9.2
16.1
4.2
7.0
4.1
7.3
19.5
13.9
11.0
10.8
17.8
10.2
10.4
3.3
5.6
12.5
15.9
6.9
6.7
17.2
23.7
4.5
2.6
9.7
12.1
16.4
12.0
12.9
19.9
3.8
57.6
8.5
4.6
42.6
13.8
1.8
20.8
9.3
4.8
14.2
6.8
19.8
33.5
19.0
14.8
3.6
7.4
2.2
4.8
8.5
6.3
5.8
4.0
7.7
13.9
6.5
3.5
3.8
3.2
9.7
7.8
8.9
4.8
6.3
Source: FAOSTAT
90
5.9
22.3
4.3
7.3

COMCEC AGRICULTURE OUTLOOK 2015

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