5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 Volts HIGH LOW HIGH LOW OUTPUT INPUT

5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 Volts HIGH LOW HIGH LOW OUTPUT INPUT

1-1
OUTPUT
HIGH
INPUT
5.0
4.0
HIGH
3.0
2.0
LOW
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
M. Morris Mano & Charles R. Kime
LOGIC AND COMPUTER DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS, 3e
1.0
0.0
Volts
LOW
1-2
Memory
CPU
Control
unit
Datapath
Input/Output
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
M. Morris Mano & Charles R. Kime
LOGIC AND COMPUTER DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS, 3e
T 1-1
TABLE 1-1
Powers of Two
n
2n
n
2n
n
2n
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
4
8
16
32
64
128
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
256
512
1,024
2,048
4,096
8,192
16,384
32,768
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
65,536
131,072
262,144
524,288
1,048,576
2,097,152
4,194,304
8,388,608
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
M. Morris Mano & Charles R. Kime
LOGIC AND COMPUTER DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS, 3e
T 1-2
TABLE 1-2
Numbers with Different Bases
Decimal
(base 10)
Binary
(base 2)
Octal
(base 8)
Hexadecimal
(base 16)
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
M. Morris Mano & Charles R. Kime
LOGIC AND COMPUTER DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS, 3e
T 1-3
TABLE 1-3
Binary-Coded Decimal (BCD)
Decimal
Symbol
BCD
Digit
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
M. Morris Mano & Charles R. Kime
LOGIC AND COMPUTER DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS, 3e
T 1-4
TABLE 1-4
Gray Code
Binary Bit
Code Changes
Gray Bit
Code Changes
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
000
000
001
011
010
110
111
101
100
000
1
2
1
3
1
2
1
3
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
M. Morris Mano & Charles R. Kime
LOGIC AND COMPUTER DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS, 3e
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1-3
111
000
100
000
B0
110
B1
B2
101
001
010
100
011
(a) Binary Code for Positions 0 through 7
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
M. Morris Mano & Charles R. Kime
LOGIC AND COMPUTER DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS, 3e
101
111
001
G0
G1
G2
011
110
010
(b) Gray Code for Positions 0 through 7
T 1-5
TABLE 1-5
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)
B7 B6 B5
B4 B3 B2 B1
000
001
010
011
100
101
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
NULL
SOH
STX
ETX
EOT
ENQ
ACK
BEL
BS
HT
LF
VT
FF
CR
SO
SI
DLE
DC1
DC2
DC3
DC4
NAK
SYN
ETB
CAN
EM
SUB
ESC
FS
GS
RS
US
SP
!
"
#
$
%
&
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
:
;
<
=
>
?
@
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
[
\
]
^
_
(
)
*
+
,
.
/
110
`
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
111
p
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
{
|
}
~
DEL
Control Characters:
NULL
SOH
STX
ETX
EOT
ENQ
ACK
BEL
BS
HT
LF
VT
FF
CR
SO
SI
SP
NULL
Start of heading
Start of text
End of text
End of transmission
Enquiry
Acknowledge
Bell
Backspace
Horizontal tab
Line feed
Vertical tab
Form feed
Carriage return
Shift out
Shift in
Space
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
M. Morris Mano & Charles R. Kime
LOGIC AND COMPUTER DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS, 3e
DLE
DC1
DC2
DC3
DC4
NAK
SYN
ETB
CAN
EM
SUB
ESC
FS
GS
RS
US
DEL
Data link escape
Device control 1
Device control 2
Device control 3
Device control 4
Negative acknowledge
Synchronous idle
End of transmission block
Cancel
End of medium
Substitute
Escape
File separator
Group separator
Record separator
Unit separator
Delete