Development of Industry and Local Change
Transkript
Development of Industry and Local Change
Development of Industry and Local Change M. Melih Pınarcıoğlu Conten ts *°*>* - G G *^ Preface AbstractA )/ci Introduction 1 Rcsiructuring of the teuile and clothing industry: aconceptual formulation 13 The development of Turkish textile and clothing industry 43 Wages, trade unions. labour and the Turkish textilc and clothing industry in the 1980s and 1990s Old wine in a new bottle: developmenl and iransforrnation in the textile and clothing industry in Burs;ı 107 145 Land of miracles: developmenl and iransforrnation in textüe and clothing industry in Deni/li 209 Conclusion 259 Appendix 275 References 281 Index 303 LISTOFTABLES Tablc 3.1 Turkish tcxtile and clothing exports by regions and countries of destination. 1982. 1987, 1993 Tablc 3.2 Tax rcbates and cxporls, 1980-1988 68 89 Tablc 3.3 Export credits and foreign exchange allocations (FEA) in Turkcy, 1980-1995 90 Table 3.4 Investment incentive certificates (IIC). 1980-1994 93 Table 5.1 Exports rcgistercd al the Bursa Chambcr of Commercc and industry. 1965-1994 Table 5.2 Activily of private texlile establishments vvith more ıhan 10 employecs, 1975-1992 164 Table 5.3 Aclivity of privaie clothing establishments vvith more ıhan 10 employecs. 1980-1992 165 Tablc 5.4 Activity of Bursa Sümcrbank vvool textile and clothing establishment. 1990-1994 168 Tablc 6.1 Exports registered at thc Denizli Chambcr of Commercc. 1980-1994 221 Table 6.2 Activity of private textile establishments vvith more ıhan 10 employecs in Denizli 223 Table 6.3 Activity of Denizli Cotton Textile Factory. 1990-1994 224 162 LISTOFFIGURES Figüre 3.1 Number of establishments in Turkish and clothing industry. 1950-1992 Figüre 3.2 Number of employecs in Turkish and clothing induslry, 1950-1992 51 51 Figüre 3.3 Value added in Turkish and clothing industry 1950-1992 51 Figüre 3.4 Total Turkish textile and clothing exports, 1965-1994 54 Figüre 3.5 Turkish industrial exports and textile and clothing exports, 1965-1994 Figüre 3.6 The composition of Turkish textile and clothing exports, 1965-1994 55 Figüre 3.7 Number of establishments in Turkish private textile and clothing industry, 1970-1992 56 Figüre 3.8 Number of employees in Turkish private textile and clothing industry. 1970-1992 56 54 Figüre 3.9 Value added in Turkish private textile and clothing industry, 1970-1992 57 Figüre 3.10 The annual profit (loss) performance of Sümerbank, 1978-1991 75 Figüre 4.1 Number of strikes in Turkey, 1975-1994 112 Figüre 4.2 Number of workers involved in strikes in Turkey, 1975-1994 112 Figüre 4.3 Days lost in strikes in Turkey, 1975-1994 113 Figüre 4.4 Real wages in Turkish statc and private sectors, 1981-1992 117 Figüre 4.5 Real vvages of Turkish vvorkers registered at ıhe Social Insurance Organisation. 1975-1994 Figüre 4.6 Real vvages in Turkish state and private manufacturing industry, 1975-1992 118 Figüre 4.7 İnflaıion nite based on consumer pricc index and year-on-year ehange in exchange rate in US dollars 119 Figüre 4.8 Real vvages in Turkish textilc and elothing industry, 1975-1992 121 Figüre 4.9 Real vvages in state and textile elothing industry, 1975-1992 121 118 Figüre 4.10 Real vvages in Turkish statc and private tcxtile and elothing industry, 1975-1992 Figüre 4.11 Real vvages in Turkish private manufacturing, textile and elothing industry. 1975-1992 122 Figüre 4.12 139 Figüre 4.13 139 122 LIST OF MAPS Map 3.1 Number of establishmcnts in private textile and elothing industry by provinces in Turkey. 1979 59 Map 3.2 Number of employecs in private textile and elothing industry by provinces in Turkey. 1979 60 Map 3.3 Value added in private textile and elothing industry by provinces in Turkey, 1979 Map 3.4 Number of employees in state textile and elothing industry by provinces in Turkey, 1979 61 Map 3.5 Value added in state tcxtile and elothing industry by provinces in Turkey, 1979 61 Map 3.6 Number of establishments in private textile and elothing industry by provinces in Turkey. 1992 81 Map 3.7 Number of employees in private textile and elothing industry by provinces in Turkey, 1979 81 Map 3.8 Value added in private textile and elothing industry by provinces in Turkey, 1979 81 Map 3.9 Number of investment incentive certificates (I1C) on textile and elothing industry by provinces in Turkey, 1980-1995 % 60 Map 3.10 Valuc of investment incentivc eerlificutes (1IC) on tcxtilc and clotlıing industry by provinccs in Turkey, 1980-1995 Map 4.1 Monthly real wagcs in private textilc and clolhing industry by provinccs in Turkey, 1992 Map 5.1 Main locations of Bursa's tcxtilc and clolhing industry Map 6.1 Main locations of Denizli's textîle and clolhing industry 9 References 2 o < 5 U ^^ Adefulu, R. 199!. 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Ankara 300 Rcfcrcnccs Unpublished data of investment Treasury Unpublished data offoreign Incentives on provincial basis Undersecretarial of direct investments on provincial basis Unpublished data of" Bursa Chamber of Industry and Commerce about member firm. The Turkish Union of Chambers of Industry, Commerce and Stock Markets Unpublished data of Denizli Chambcr of Industry about member firm, The Turkish Union of Chambers of Industry, Commerce and Stock Markets Unpublished data of export credüs Central Bank Unpublished data of Stimerbankfactories in Bursa and Denizli. . Unpublished data of exportS of Bursa and Denizli, l:\porters' Unions. Bursa (Uludağ) and Dcnı/li Turkish magazines and newspapers Tekstil işveren, monthly textile and elothing magazine Tekstil ve Mühendis, monthly textile and elothing magazine Tekstil Teknik, monthly textile and elothing maga/ine Dünya, daüy economy newspaper Gözlem, daily economy nevvspapcr Ekonomist. weekly economy magazine Hedef. VVeekly economy magazine Capital, monthly economy magazine Forum, monthly economy magazine Power, monthly economy magazine \fl S/AD Bülteni. monthly magazine of MÜSİAD Hürriyet, daily nevvspaper Milliyet, daily newspaper Zaman, daily ncvvspaper 301 Development of Industry and Local Change This Ux)k is constructed to esamine the relatioos and conflids betweea the state, the ındustry and labour .ıs u d i as betwı producers in the differenl segments ı>ı textik and ilminim " n 'I'1' OJM lı;i!Kİ. the ne* geographical map of economic developmem m term the indusD) m Turke\ COncemed on the other. in the .ın.ıhsıs ..t the local dynamics, the two towns appear at the differenl poinis Buma ıs one of the few towns in Turkey wlmh made Its appearance, as A strong textile town under the tutelage "t several brge firms foı the nam mal market Ivlnre 1980 and bas efljoyed f'urther development thanks in eXpOTl aeii\iıicv bv restrueluring ıts ındustry to fil the neu conditt while Denizli, an underachiever in the previous period, has no* under^me an imprecedented development mitiated İn ıts sm.ıll and mediıım-si/ed te.Uile and CİOtbing lirms. qUİCk on the ııplake ot the pnteniıalıtii's m the ne\\ period This dıÜerenee beuurıı the t\\o louns enables us to have a rich parison to serutinise the sock>spatial process. in such an incjuiıy ınto the shared and ımshared esperiences "I tfaese tOUUfi m tlııs process, this paper ıs. ı sensitise our undersundinu ı >ı industrial cliMrıc ts and net\vork relatıonshıps in loealities \eith a new pirıcal evidence Irom a devetoping eouı i'mci' Mhhlle fiosf Ttihnıaı! > w the Department cfCIty and Regh imâ Ptoronn I mu • lilmjryl METU Faculty of ArchıCccl *200103684*