International Campaign for Istanbul Topkapi and - unesdoc
Transkript
International Campaign for Istanbul Topkapi and - unesdoc
TOPHAPI GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY The Topkapi Palace is situated on the versity in order to m o v e his Edirne ali and w h e n in 1853 the Sultan's pri- most beautiful site in ¡stanbul, on the Palace to Istanbul. However this set- vate residence w a s m o v e d to Dolma- historic peninsula where the sea of ting w a s not very practical since it lay bahçe Palace on the Bosphorus, the Marmara, Bosphorus and the Golden in the centre of the city and, in addi- magnificent and powerful times of the Palace c a m e to an end. Horn meet. It is a complex of buil- tion, the natural beauties of the S a - dings built in the Turkish architectu- raypoint attracted the Sultan; conse- ral style the most magnificent treasu- quently, in 1 4 7 2 , the construction of res of the a n e w palace w a s begun there and ment of the Empire for 4 0 0 years and this w a s later called the Topkapi Pa- also the residence of the Sultans. It Ottoman Empire are displayed. The Palace w a s the center of govern- lace. This area which w a s an olive lies in a very large garden of flowers, T h e Palace rests on a gently sloping grove in Byzantine times w a s surro- fruits and vegetables, all of which are hill and is surrounded by Byzantine unded by land walls which were the surrounded by walls. In the outer gar- sea walls and Ottoman land walls. continuation of the Byzantine sea dens, on the seaside, there were T h e area covered is 7 0 0 , 0 0 square walls. With the construction of these m a n y pavilions s o m e of which still metres. Apart from its natural and ge- n e w walls, this 7 0 0 , 0 0 0 square met- exist; various ceremonies, entertain- ographic beauties, this area repre- re area w a s separated off from the ments, sports and races were viewed sents also the architectural and artis- city. T h e Palace then b e c a m e the from these pavilions. T h e garden sur- tic center of settlements since the centre of government of the Ottoman rounding the Palace abounded in prehistoric period. Empire and continued to be so for brightly coloured and fragrant flo- 4 0 0 years, developing rapidly during wers from every part of the country. the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. The Sultan M e h m e t built a palace in the However, in the 18th century w h e n courtyards. grounds of the present Istanbul Uni- the state office w a s moved to Bab-i After the capture of Istanbul, Fatih Palace consisted General view of the Topkapi Palace. of four PALACE The government agencies were housed in the first courtyard. The c o m m o n m a n could enter this courtyard in order to conduct his legal affairs. The service buildingsCe.g. kitchens, pantries, hospitals) of the Palace w e re also found in this courtyard. "Kubbealti" was the building from which the Ottoman Empire w a s governed and thus resembles today's parliament; this building is situated in the second courtyard. The traditional ceremonies of accession to the throne and festivals took place in this courtyard. The three other structures in this courtyard were the kitchens for providing food for the Palace people and visitors to the ceremonies, the private stables of the Sultan and the Zülüflü Baltacilar corps. The third courtyard w a s bounded by the "Arzodasi", the room where state affairs were discussed with the Sultan, a large m o s q u e , pavilions for the Sultan and by dormitories for the artists and servants. The H a r e m complex is separated from the second and third courtyards and from the outer gardens by high walls. It w a s initially planned as a complex of four buildings, one opening into the other. However, over a period of four centuries it has been built with the structures side by side, one within the other and one i m m e diately following the other. All of these buildings, famous for their internal decorations, are the most characteristic architectural m o n u m e n t s of their period; the internal decorations consist of tiles, engravings, w o o d e n panels decorated with gilt, ovens, niches, carved marble and ornamental fountains. COURTYARD 1 '"IT -#«- Site Plan of the Topkapi Palace. After : E L D E M , S. Hakki, A K O Z A N , F. Topkapi Sarayi, Kultur ve Turizm Bakanhgi, Eski Eserler ve Mùzeler Genel Müdúríüou publications, istanbul, 1982. ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION Courtyard 1 • • T h e entrance to the first court- red since they are very eroded Square' . T h e most yard w a s through a gateway cal- and s o m e have left no trace at all. building of this courtyard w a s the led Bab-i H u m a y u n . It w a s built These are: the Enderun hospital, "Kubbealti" in the style of a victory arch in the Maliye Nezareti, the Masraf tructed during the time of Grand Vizier Damat Ibrahim Pasa. T h e which w a s cons- 1 4 7 2 . The upper pavilion storey Nezareti, the bakery, w o o d sto- 6f the gateway which w a s used rehouse, as a treasury w a s burned d o w n makers, the department of Seh- in 1866. remini, the s u m m e r house of the uncils of the state were held in head of the paper department. this building, as were public re- the corps of mat 3 0 0 metre road connecting the Courtyard 2 • first courtyard to the second. Af- T h e gate of the second courtyard is called Bab-i Selam and to- ter its restoration it will b e c o m e tored during the 1940's and the original decorations were redone as part of this restoration. day it is the entrance to the m u - the Centre of Restoration and Conservation of the General Directorate of Antiquities and M u s e u m s of the Ministry of Culture s e u m . It w a s built in the time of The Hazine Building which w a s Fatih and w a s later repaired in built by Fatih Sultan the 16th century by Kanuni Sul- stands next to the Kubbealti. It is tan Süleyman. n o w used as an exhibition hall and Tourism, Mehmet displaying the armoury collec• There existed m a n y other struc- political, administrative, financial, military and religious law co- ceptions. T h e building w a s res- T h e Darphane (mint), is next to the Hagia Eirene at the end of a • important The second courtyard w a s cal- tion. led "Divan Square" or "Justice tures but these cannot be resto- General view. PALACE T h e long and narrow courtyard • T h e Zülüflü Baltacilar corps ram ceremonies and the cere- connected to the second court which is entered by a small door m o n y of the handing over the flag by three doors is the courtyard stands on the left of the K u b b e - of the Prophet to the Grand Vizi- of the kitchens. T h e s e buildings alti. It w a s built in the time of Fa- er before a w a r . were begun by Fatih Sultan M e h - tih and then rebuilt by M u r a d III met and acquired their present (1516). This complex consists of T h e Enderun school which w a s plan in the time of Mimar Sinan. a small m o s q u e , a fountain, a built during the time of Abdülme- Oriental china collections, kitc- bath, r o o m s for the A g h a and cid and the apartment of B a b ü ' s - hen utensils, Istanbul-made por- dormitories surrounding a small Sa-ade A g h a lie on the left side celain and glass objects, a col- courtyard. of this door. lection of late European furniture, European crystal and porcelain wares and Turkish and E u ropean silver wares are displayed in this section. Courtyard 3 • T h e third courtyard which is known as the "Enderun Square" T h e private stables of the Sultan, w a s given its persent day shape built by M a h m u t I (1733), run in the 18th century. M a n y cere- along a large courtyard sloping monies took place at this gate; downwards these included the accession to from the second embroidery. is entered through the door called " B a b ü - S a ' a d e " . This door courtyard. T h e Akagalar dormitory is n o w used as the section for Turkish the throne of a n e w Sultan, Bay- T h e Arz room lies opposite the entrance to the third courtyard. This room w a s built during the tim e of Fatih and then rebuilt in 1 8 5 6 after a fire. T h e Sultan received in this room visits of high state officials Courtyard 3. a n d foreign courtyard. It is famous for its well envoys. dings. These pavilions are: preserved iznik tiles and gilded T h e 15th century Fatih pavilion d o m e decorations. • w a s later used as the treasury of the Enderun. This building, • T h e third courtyard holds four which has four large halls, a bal- dormitories for recruits to the Ja- cony, a very large porch and a nissary corps. S o m e of these yo- • • uths later b e c a m e Grand Vizier section of the m u s e u m . or took up important positions in • the state after the completion of • the 15th century "Hirka-i Saadet" department. and Seferli dormitories. re are 1 3 , 5 3 8 miniatures and 1 8 , 0 0 0 volumes of handwritten books in this library. T h e 18th century A h m e t III lib- Sofa pavilion built by M e h m e t IV. Mecidiye pavilion built by Sultan Abdülmecid. • Sofa m o s q u e built by M a h m u d II. the H a s O d a , Treasury, Pantry The 15th century Agalar m o s q u e is the library of the Palace. T h e - Sünnet room built by Sultan ¡brahim in 1 6 4 1 . their education. Apart from these, this courtyard also contains Bafjdat pavilion built by Murat IV in 1 6 3 9 . basement, is n o w the treasury Relics are kept and displayed in Revan pavilion built by Murat IV in 1 6 3 5 . Harem The construction of the harem c o m p - Courtyard 4 lex w a s begun in the 16th century This w a s the private garden of the and by the 17th century it occupied Sultan in which there are m a n y pavi- a very large area. The harem buil- lions. All of these pavilions, which are dings lie on the slope between the famous for their internal decoration, Gülhane Park and the second court- are open for visiting as Palace buil- yard. The buildings have three, four, rary stands in the middle of the Harem, Grand Festival Hall. PALACE built in 1 8 2 6 w a s the state press and is n o w used as a press by the Ministry of Education. or five storeys. T h e harem complex has 4 0 0 r o o m s in total. • T h e Sepetçiler pavilion - the restoration of this pavilion which was T h e Outer Gardens Out of the m a n y pavilions situated in the outer gardens, only four survive. • • T h e Cinili pavilion-this pavilion w a s built in 1 4 7 2 by Fatih Sultan M e h m e t . Both the inside and the outside of the building are decorated with tiles. In earlier days on the side of the pavilion facing the first courtyard, there w a s the garden of the A g h a and tha pavilion of M e h m e d III. Entertainments and sporting events were viewed from this pavilion. T h e ¡ncili pavilion - the first floor of the Incili pavilion is in very good condition but the upper floor has collapsed. • • • • built in 1 6 4 3 is almost complete. T h e M a y pavilion - a private collection is being displayed in this pavilion which w a s built in 1 8 2 0 . • The Yah pavilion built in 1 5 9 2 . • T h e 16th century ¡shakiye pavilion. T h e four very large storehouses facing the S e a of M a r m a r a and built by Sultan Aziz are n o w used as a provisions depot by the Ministry of Defence. • • T h e 18th century Sevkiye pavilion. T h e medical school which lies between the Gülhane Park and the Sepetçiler pavilion is also used by the Ministry of Defence. • T h e Gülhane pavilion built in The Gülhane hospital is still used as a hospital. • T h e Matba-i amire which w a s T h e Topkapi Sahil Sarayi built in 1 7 0 9 and burned in 1 8 6 3 . 1826. It is impossible to rebuild these buildings but it would be worthwhile to find their exact locations and give som e indication showing the functions of the pavilions and the historical events which took place inside them. Dome. CONDITION OF THE PALACE For m a n y reasons, the Topkapi Palace desolate during the 19th century; w h e n the Sultan m o v e d to Dolmabahçe in 1853, only a very few guards were left behind to care for Topkapi; then in 1863 there w a s a very destructive fire which swept the coast at Topkapi; in 1 8 7 1 , m a n y pavilions were demolished for the construction of the new railway, and finally in 1894 there w a s an earthquake. After the declaration of the n e w Turkish Republic, it w a s decided to re-open the Palace as a m u s e u m but only the second, third and fourth courtyards (70,000 square metres in total) w e re placed under the control of the Directorate of Antiquities and M u s e u m s . The remaining 6 3 0 , 0 0 0 square metres were left in charge of other foundations. The forces of destruction continued during the 1950's; in 1 9 5 5 , most of the walls and pavilions were demolished during the course of the construction of the coast road; then in 1980, m a n y historical m o n u m e n t s were destroyed by the construction of the n e w Asia-Europe water pipe line. Even at the present time, m a n y buildings which have no relation to the aims of this projet are still being built in this area. Because of conservation problems, it is not possible to display all of them but a minimum of 3 0 , 0 0 0 should be exhibited to demonstrate to the scientific and artistic world the richness and completeness of the collectipn. T h e only solution to this problem is to transfer control of the structures of the first courtyard and the outer gardens to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism thus to Topkapi Palace. These buildings would serve as n e w exhibition halls, free from moisture, dust and excessive light. It would be possible to construct on the large area of the outer gardens a modern and n e w depot for the works of art of Topkapi Palace, a depot which would be secure even in the event of nuclear war. It is essential to transfer the library to a building which has a depot, a conservation laboratory, a microfilm centre and reading rooms and which is free from moisture, dust, heat and excess light. Conservation workshops should be set in the outer gardens of the Palace for treatment of the following: a. The problems outlined above are the general ones affecting the completeness of the Topkapi Palace complex; in addition, the Palace and m u s e u m which are crowded together in three courtyards have space problems which cannot be resolved in this restricted area. S o m e of the buildings which are of great historical importance are being used as offices; attempts are m a d e to keep the m a n y precious objects of measures are not sufficient. The M u s e u m occupies a very small area (70,000 m 2 ) , as a result of which 100,000 objects and 1 5 0 , 0 0 0 archival documents are kept in depots. b. hand-painted manuscripts, books, archives and miniatures, metalwork, c. d. e. material and embroideries, porcelain and glass, jewellery. Since, however, the realisation of this project will take s o m e time, the first urgent measure should be to solve the dust, light and moisture problems of existing depots. T h e M u s e u m is currently being visited by 15,000 people a day and in the near future this is likely to increase to 2 0 , 0 0 0 - 2 5 , 0 0 0 . It is therefore necessary to establish proper facilities for tourists. RESTORATION OF THE PALACE Previous to 1 9 8 0 , the financing earmarked for Topkapi Palace w a s only sufficient for urgent repairs but because of the universal importance of this site further allowances (a very large s u m w h p n c o m pared with allowances given to other projects) have been assigned by the G e n e ral Directorate of Antiquities and M u s e u m s of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism since 1 9 8 0 for restorat^n ourposes. Urgent repairs and restoration were realized as a result of this additional money and greater safety precautions were introduced; these measures represented the best that could be done. A total of 1 million U S Dollars is spent for restoration work upto n o w . • Restoration of the Ottoman land walls, pavilions and s u m m e r houses should be undertaken. • T h e outer gardens, the private garden recreation area of the Palace should be reorganised by the construction of tourist buildings such as hotels and restaurants. Topkapi Palace Structures • The buildlings of the Palace, and especially the Harem, are decorated with the most beautiful materials from different centuries and different countries of the Ottoman Empire. The furnishings cannot be separated from their architectural context. Thus, the restoration should be put out to tender in an attempt to find sources of those materials which are no longer found or produced in Turkey, for example, ivory, ebony, teak wood, gold, silver, goid and siiver leaf, Egyptian mats and Bursa silks for cushions. • After the furnishing and restoration of the buildings, workshops for immediate repairs and other requirements should be established and training facilities provided for young craftsmen learning their trade from master craftsmen; these latter are very few in number. These workshops should be: In order to set out re-organization plan for Topkapi Palace, the problems of the various Palace structures, moveable and i m m o v e a b l e , should b e examined separately. Surroundings • • • • T h e historic peninsula of Istanbul; the monumental structures, buildings which represent civil architecture of the past, new buildings, roads, squares and gardens of the Saraypoint - Topkapi Palace, St. Sophia, Sultan Ahmet Square - should be considered as city planning problems and dealt with by m e a n s of a new discipline. The traffic and parking problems of the large area should be solved and car park in the gardens of the buildings and in the first courtyard of Topkapi Palace should be moved elsewhere. • wood-work shops • • furniture, mother-of-pearl workshops metalwork shops • • electrical workshops plumbing workshops The area of the Palace facing the Golden Horn and Gülhane Park is n o w under the control of Istanbul Municipality. This garden should form part of the project. However, the zoos, flower beds and garden borders which are in European style should be replaced by a garden designed in the Ottoman style and this should be opened to the public. • • • lead workshops engraving, paint workshops upholstery workshops • tile workshops The Byzantine sea walls and buildings should be excavated and restored. T h e foregoing is a brief s u m m a r y of the present situation with regard to Topkapi Palace and the M u s e u m . In addition to financial assistance, this project also requires international technology, expertise, trained staff and equipment. W e believe that through cooperation between the Turkish Government and U N E S C O , this project could be realised. PALACE GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY The Yildiz Palace is the example of led "Kasr-i Dilküsa" w a s built for his traditional Islamic palace architectu- mother Bezmialem Valide Sultan. The re after Edirne and Topkapi Palaces. lands around the pavilion were pur- It w a s constructed in the centre of a chased and the garden w a s enlar- very large garden (500,000 square ged; and it w a s thus that the place metres) of flowers, plants and trees called the "Yildiz Palace" w a s be- brought from every part of the world. gun. The Palace consists of separate bui- (1876-1909), the Dolmabahçe Pala- In the days af Abdulhamid II dings surrounding courtyards and is ce w a s abandoned and for a period situated on the top of a very steep hill of 3 3 years the Ottoman Empire w a s overlooking the Bosphorus. governed from the Yildiz Palace. In this period a high wall w a s built to Site Plan of Yildiz Palace After: Ülker Cebekan. 1. 5. 7. 8. 11. 13. 21. 22. 33. 36. Great Mabeyn Pavilion Çit Pavilion Hünkar Pavilion Palace Theater The Building of Musahip Efendiler The Building of Kizlar Agasi Small Mabeyn Pavilion Harem Entrance Coach House Armoury The land of the Yildiz Palace w a s sorround the palace. N e w buildings used as a hunting ground in the time were constructed in the inner and ou- of Kanuni Sultan Süleyman in the ter gardens. 16th century. Then, on the s a m e land, a kasr (summer palace) and a In 1 9 2 2 , Vahdettin abandoned the fountain were built for the mother of country and thereafter Yildiz Palace Selim III (1789-1807). In 1834-1835, lay empty for a period. During the Re- a pavilion for M a h m u d II w a s built. All public it w a s used as a W a r A c a d e m y these buildings were demolished du- and then in 1977 it w a s given into the ring the time of Sultan Abdülmecit charge of the Ministry of Culture and (1839-1861 ) and a n e w pavilion cal- Tourism. Hasbahçe. YILDIZ ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION AND PRESENT CONDITION The buildings lie at the centre of a lar- African Islamic traditions were row courtyard. In these buildings the ge outer garden and they surround both used in the adornment of Sultan lived and received visitors. three inner gardens. the inner part of the pavilion. Courtyard 1 • All the state offices had been situated in the Sur-u Sultani of the Topkapi Palace, but in the 18th century most of the state offices were m o v e d to Bab-i Ali. Because of this change This is a single storey building ding of the Palace. T h e Sultan consisting of different r o o m s on worked here and also received a certain axis. T h e Sultan used visits from the Palace staff such to receive the visits of foreign as the Grand Vizier. It ¡s a two statesman in the Hünkar room storey, elaborately decorated building and requires good restora- is to the right of the tion in addition to the recovering entrance. centre, the first courtyard of Yildiz from other palaces of the original Palace is different to the first courtyard of Topkapi Palace and resemb- • This is a long single storey buil- Topkapi. That is to say there w a s a space for the carrying out of functi- ding ons as directed by the Sultan. worked. The Great M a b e y n Pavilion : • furniture. Offices of the A i d e - d e - C a m p of the Sultan : les more the second courtyard of * where • of the Yildiz Palace. It has been restored m a n y times since its construction. Abdülhamid used T h e Armoury : In this building there is displayed Palace and is built in the ecclec- the w e a p o n s collections of the tic style. It has two storeys and Empire. the building as a residence until n e w apartments were built for him. It has been built in the Baghdad style and displays 19th w a s used as an office by the • These are the service buildings that the Sultan received visitors of the palace. on official occasions and entertained foreign statesmen. Turkish decorative styles and north century characteristics. The ce- Coach-House : hold. It w a s also in this pavilion T h e Hünkar Pavilion : This is the first s u m m e r pavilion palace officials This is the largest pavilion of the marshalls of the Sultan's house- Small M a b e y n Pavilion : This is the most important buil- which in the location of the administration • Çit Kasri : iling ornaments and w o o d deco rations are of the highest interest. Courtyard 2 This courtyard consists of a n u m b e r of buildings built around a long nar- • Theatre : T h e theatre which w a s destined Great M a b e y n Pavilion. PALACE to hold 2 0 0 people w a s built on den and provide the best examples of The Malta Pavilion : the classical theatre plan. There 19th century civil architecture. T h e cei- This is a two storey building buii is a d o m e at the centre of the ce- lings of all the rooms are decorated with in the time of Abdülaziz. There is a illing a n d the inside of this d o m e paintings by famous artists and all ha- marble fountain in the hall of ':>•; is decorated with golden stars ve been inspired by nature. building with rest rooms on both si- against a blue background, rep- des. There is a large hall, a library resenting the sky. T h e walls are Hasbahce inscribed. Foreign guests of the Sultan) (private garden of the Sultan w e r e entertained in this theatre by the actors of the P a lace a n d the French and Italian operettas which w e r e invited to The 3 0 d ö n ü m s (about 1/4 acre) of the outer garden of the Palace were enclosed with high walls and were separated from a small w o o d in the time of Ab- Istanbul by the Sultan. dülhamid II. A 3 5 0 metre long pool, • T h e Building of Musahip Efendiler : This building w a s assigned to the trusted advisors of the Sultan. • T h e Building of Kizlaragasi (Chief black eunuch of the Imperial harem) : s u m m e r houses, pavilions and an arts building with a 6 0 metre long façade were situated in this inner garden. and bedrooms on the second Hoor. The Çadir Pavilion : This pavilion w a s also built sn >:& time of Abdülaziz. The Hamidiye M o s q u e : This w a s built in the neogothic c• V ? in 1890. T h e Sultan's private o e v is on the left hand side of the o n e minaret m o s q u e . There is a doc 1 tower on the right side of rp33Ci>- Outer Gardens e's courtyard dating to 1 9 0 5 . This is a large area of the Palace with pools, greenhouses and pavilions. This important 19th century buil- The other buildings of this o o u n consist of the s u m m e r house, p a t - T h e Sale Pavilion : ries and the office of the A g h a to- rings and paintings from nature on This w a s built as a residence for fo- gether with the the walls and ceilings. reign statesmen during the 19th example of military architecture, the century. It is the best preserved bu- Orhaniye, Ertugrul and Balmurncu ilding of the Palace and has its ori- barracks. ding noteworthy with its wall cove- Harem T h e harem buildings which are clustered in groups are all situated in the gar- • ginal furniture and its internal decoration. A d a Pavilion. most beau tifo ¡ YILDIZ PALACE EXISTING PROBLEMS AND RESTORATION OF THE PALACE * Although the Palace is conside- is attempting under its preservation red to be a Cultural, Art and To- p r o g r a m m e to maintain the cultural res built in a traditional style and urism Centre for the future, the and architectural heritage of a n u m - the lack of original equipment. whole Palace complex is not yet ber of civilizations. The Yildiz Palace o w n e d by the Ministry of Cultu- w a s incorporated into this program- re and Tourism. m e and a total of 2 million U S Dollars T h e lack of craftsman speciali- • zed in the restoration of structu- • A s there is a limited budget for the repair of m a n y and different buildings and as there are no special restoration teams for the continuing repair and care of the Palaces, the restoration work takes a long time and during this The buildings of the Yildiz Palace complex, which for 3 3 years w a s the centre of government of the Ottoman Empire, are very special examples of the decorative arts and architecture of the last century. time weather conditions have harmful effects on the buildings. T h e Ministry of Culture and Tourism is spent for the restoration of the Palace since 1 9 7 8 . However, the restoration of all the buildings and gardens can only be realized with financial and technical help of the Turkish G o v e r n m e n t and Unesco. Entrance to the Yildiz Palace. UNESCO/INTERNATIONAL CAMPAIGN FOR THE SAFEGUARD OF THE HISTORICAL MONUMENTS and SITES of ISTANBUL and GÖREME There are few cities in the world which have such numbers of m o n u ments which reflect the heritage and culture of so m a n y different civilizations. It is, therefore, a highly responsible and visible task which confronts the authorities concerned, in carrying out a program dedicated to preserve so m a n y m o n u m e n t s of outstanding historical and aesthetic value. Given the large number of m o n u m e n t s in Istanbul, not to speak of those found elsewhere in the country, the projects for the preservation of the sites and m o n u m e n t s in Cappadocia are, in one respect, simpler than the projects planned for Istanbul. At present the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, T h e General Directorate of Antiquities and M u s e u m s is in charge of the projects in the G ö r e m e and Zelve Valleys. O n the other hand, three different administrative organisations are involved in the projects for Istanbul : 1. 2. Ministry of Culture and Tourism : Yildiz Palace, Topkapi Palace and Valens Aqueduct. 3. Süleymdniye Complex and Zeyrek Mosque (Pantocrator Church) Municipality of Istanbul : • construction of buildings for touristic amenities in an area below the palace buildings; • installation of central heating, air conditioning; a n d security systems against fire or theft within the 7 0 , 0 0 0 m 2 area of the m u s e u m : establishment of storage areas and workshops for the conservation of museum objects; • restoration of the palace buildings in the m u s e u m area, including the H a r e m . Historic quarters of Süleymaniye and Zeyrek, Land Walls and Golden Horn. A m e a n s of ensuring cooperation and coordination will be developed by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism as the coordinator of the Campaign. According to the "Draft Plan of Action" of the Campaign, the following items should be done at Topkapi Palace : * • restoration of the Byzantine sea walls and the Ottoman walls surrounding the palace; relocation of railroad tracks and the removal of extraneous buildings not associated with its history; restoration of existing palace buildings; archaeological excavation for the kiosks and pavilions which were recorded in history; and restoration of the gardens; The total budget required for these operations is estimated to be $25 million of which the Ministry of Culture and Tourism is budgeting $ 8 5 0 , 0 0 0 per year over o ten year period A m o u n t required $25,000,000 Government's contribution 8 , 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 Balance required $ 1 6 , 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 The cost estimated for the restoration of the Yildiz Palace is as follows : A m o u n t required $12,500,000 Government's contribution $2,142,000 Balance required $10,357,145 General Directorate of Vakiflar : The work to save Cappadocia has begun, though so much remains to be done. Further contributions to our attempts are essential in order to overcome all difficulties and rapidly and efficiently find working solutions to the danger threatening the area. Financial contributions can be made to the Cui nnt Account N° 24 of the Barbaros Branch of the Emlak and Kredi Bank and to UNESCO Account no 949-1-191558 Chase Manhattan Bank N. A. International Money Division 1 jVew Ynrk Plnsn. 5th flnnr Mew York. N.Y. 10015 USA