Alıştırma 1 - Ayca Ozdogan Atabay

İKT 105 Ekonomiye Giriş Bahar 2016
Alıştırma 1 - Temel Prensipler (Ch1 - Ch.3)
Soru 1. Aşağıdaki ekonomik terimleri tanımlayınız. Her biri için örnek veriniz.
a. Fırsat maliyeti (Opportunity cost)
b. Mutlak üstünlük (absolute advantage) ve Karşılaştırmalı üstünlük (comparative advantage)
Soru 2. Consider Deborah’s decision to go to college. If she goes to college, she will spend $20,000 on tuition,
$10,000 on room and board, and $2,000 on books. If she does not go to college, she will earn $18,000 working
in a store and spend $8,000 on room and board. Deborah’s cost of going to college is
a. $32,000.
b. $42,000.
c. $50,000.
d. $58,000.
Soru 3. Suppose the cost of flying a 200-seat plane for an airline is $100,000 and there are 10 empty seats on a
flight. If the marginal cost of flying a passenger is $200 and a standby passenger is willing to pay $300, the
airline should
a. sell the ticket because the marginal benefit exceeds the marginal cost.
b. sell the ticket because the marginal benefit exceeds the average cost.
c. not sell the ticket because the marginal benefit is less than the marginal cost.
d. not sell the ticket because the marginal benefit is less than the average cost.
Soru 4. Adam Smith'in Görünmez El (Invisible Hand) teorisini açıklayınız. Piyasaların iyi işlemesi (devlet
müdahalesine gerek duyulmaması) için gerekli şartlar (varsayımlar) nelerdir? Diğer bir deyişle, mükemmel
rekabetçi piyasalar (perfectly competitive markets) ne zaman mevcut olabilir?
Soru 5. Piyasa aksaklıklarına (market failure) üç sebep sayınız.
Soru 6. Üretim olanakları eğrisi nedir? Açıklayınız.
Figure 1
10
cars
9
A
8
7
B
6
5
C
4
G
3
D
2
F
1
20
40
60
E
80 100 120 140 160 180 corn
135
Consider the production possibilities curve for a country that can produce cars, corn (in bushels), or a
combination of the two.
1. Refer to Figure 1. If this economy devotes all of its available resources to producing corn, then it will
produce
a. 0 bushels of corn and 10 cars.
b. 135 bushels of corn and 3 cars
c. 160 bushels of corn and 10 cars.
d. 160 bushels of corn and 0 cars.
1
2. Refer to Figure 1. Which combination of points show production possibilities only achievable with
improvements in technology or increases in resources?
a. A, D, and E
b. B and G
c. C and F
d. None of the above is correct.
3. Refer to Figure 1. If this society moves from point D to point E,
a. it gives up 25 bushels of corn to get 3 cars.
b. it gives up 135 bushels of corn to get 3 cars.
c. it gives up 3 cars to get 135 bushels of corn.
d. it gives up 3 cars to get 25 bushels of corn.
Soru 7. Robinson Crusoe 1 saatte 10 hindistan cevizi toplayabiliyor ve 1 saatte 1 balık tutabiliyor. Cuma ise 1
saatte 30 hindistan cevizi toplayabiliyor ve 1 saatte 2 balık tutabiliyor.
1.
Robinson Crusoe ve Cuma için üretim olanakları eğrisini çiziniz.
2.
Hindistan cevizi toplamada kim mutlak üstünlüğe (absolute advantage) sahiptir?
3.
Balık tutmada kim karşılaştırmalı üstünlüğe (comparative advantage) sahiptir? Açıklayınız.
4.
Kim hangi ürünü üretmede uzmanlaşmalıdır? Fırsat maliyetleri nedir?
Soru 8. Assume that Indonesia and India can switch between producing rice and bananas at a constant rate.
Indonesia
India
Labor Hours Needed
to Make 1 Unit of
Rice
Bananas
2
5
4
2
Number of Units
Produced in 40 Hours
Rice
Bananas
20
8
10
20
Indonesia’s opportunity cost of producing bananas is
a. 2.5 units of rice. This is higher than India’s opportunity cost of producing bananas.
b. 2.5 units of rice. This is lower than India’s opportunity cost of producing bananas.
c. 2/5 units of rice. This is higher than India’s opportunity cost of producing bananas.
d. 2/5 units of rice. This is lower than India’s opportunity cost of producing bananas.
Soru 9. Assume that John and Jane can switch between producing bread and wine at a constant rate.
Jane
John
Labor Hours Needed
to Make
Bottle of Wine
Loaf of Bread
2
1.5
3
1
Assume that John and Jane each work 24 hours. What happens to total production if instead of each person
spending 12 hours producing each good, Jane spends 21 hours producing wine and 3 hours producing bread and
John spends 3 hours producing wine and 21 hours producing bread?
a. The total production of bread and wine each rise.
b. The total production of bread rises and the total production of wine falls.
c. The total production of bread falls and the total production of wine rises.
d. The total production of bread and wine each fall.
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