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Transkript

avrupa kentsel şartı çerçevesinde güvenli kent
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ABSTRACT
Safe City And Local Governments In The Framework Of European Urban
Charter
Local governments play an important role in closing the gap between
the people and administration as well as facilitating democracy and citizen
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functions and play a critical role in “secure and safe town” as stated in EuURSHDQ8UEDQ&KDUWHU$FFRUGLQJO\WKLVVWXG\SURSRVHVQHZSHUVSHFWLYHVRQ
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