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DOI Number :
ISSN :XXXX-XXXX
Turkish World Journal of Educational Research, Year: 1, Number: 1, April, 2016, p.32-38
Türk Dünyası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, Yıl: 1, Sayı: 1, Nisan 2016, s. 32-38
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Pınar GÖKTAŞ1
Z KUŞAĞINDAKİ MÜLTECİ ÖĞRENCİLERİN KÜLTÜREL İLETİŞİM
FARKLILIKLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA:
GÜRKAN İMAM HATİP ORTAOKULU ÖRNEĞİ
Özet
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ifade etme sorunu ve topluma
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beklenmektedir.
Anahtar Sözcükler: Z K
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S
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M
c Ö
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A RESEARCH ON EVALUATION OF CULTURAL COMMUNICATION
DIFFERENCES FOR REFUGEE STUDENTS IN Z GENERATION: A CASE STUDY
OF GURKAN IMAM HATIP HIGH SCHOOL
Abstract
Today, with globalization through the size that international migration has gained,
more people who have been raised in different cultures are living together. The
international migration brings cultural adaptation problems which occurs together with
interaction of people from different cultures. Agreement of communities in different
cultures and communicating correctly is important for solving this problems. This research
was carried on identification of problems arising from cultural differences and offering
1
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[email protected]
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33
Z Kuşağındaki Mülteci Öğrencilerin Kültürel İletişim Farklılıklarının Değerlendirilmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma:
Gürkan İmam Hatip Ortaokulu Örneği
’
Z
I
I
H
H
School. Focus group discussions are preferred. Some of the problems experienced in
intercultural communication of the participants are: have a prejudice, lack of tolerance, lack
of respect for other cultures, perception issues, misunderstanding, problems about
expressing themselves and social adaptation problems. Some of the proposal for the
development of intercultural communication are: the development of cultural empathy,
flexibility, cultural adaptation and the creation of cultural synergy. It is expected that
creating cultural synergy by intercultural differences and ensuring cultural empathy will
contribute to development of social culture.
Key Words: Z generation, Cultural Communication, Refugee Students, Intercultural
Communication Problems
1.Introduction
Every society has its own cultural elements. Communication styles of society are
shaped by culture and vary greatly from culture to culture. Nevertheless communication
between similar societies is much easier and positive. In the process of intercultural
communication, people may be in fear of interpreting in different ways to the behavior of people
unlike their communities and in this regard it may be communication problems between
communities. Today with globalization, transportation and communication technologies have
been developed. Also, migration has been occured both of from developed countries to less
developed countries and from less developed countries to developed countries. Because of more
people who have been raised in different cultures are living together. In this case, the
international migration brings cultural adaptation problems which occurs together with
interaction of people from different cultures. Agreement of communities in different cultures
and communicating correctly is important for solving this problems.It is important to overcome
communication barriers and coping with differences for people from diffrent cultures live
together.
This research was carried on identification of problems arising from cultural differences
and offering
’
Z
I
I
H
High School. Although different authors have made varied definition about the classification of
generation in the literature, Z generation covers born after 2000 in general. There are 243
I
I
H
H
Sc
. I
students. As part of this research reached to all refugee students. Beforehand questions are
determined in the framework issues through focus group discussions and the data were
evaluated in accordance with the opinion of the participants. The study aims to identify the
problems of cultural communication for refugee student in the Z generation, to propose
solutions and in this regard cultural empathy is improved.
2.The Context of Refugee and Generation Z
The 1951 Refugee Convention spells out that a refugee is someone who "owing to a
well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a
particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality, and is
unable to, or owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country."
(UNHCR-United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees- 2016-a). With this definition in the
1951 Geneva Convetion, refugee as a phenomenon that has gained importance in the law
literature. As of 2015, 51 million people have fallen refugee status because of having to leave
their own countries. Refugee problem shows how important it is because of experiencing the
largest wave of immigration since the Second World War. Today as determined by the 1951
Geneva Convetion and still remains widely used the definiton of a refugee is insufficient
because of experienced mass migrations, wars and the perception of global terrorism due to the
Pınar Göktaş
reflection on international relations and the absence of displacement due to climate change. In
this context, it is need for the redefinition of refugee and the new regulations on refugee issues
(Y
2015).
As of 31.12.2015, the number of registered refugees and asylum is 250.004. The
number of Syrians were not reflected in the overall statistics because of they reside in Turkey
for the Turkish government recognizes the right to temporary protection (UNHCR-United
Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ,2016-b). According to written statement by
UNHCR-United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, due to the conflict in Syria, the
number of Syrians who took refuge in neighboring countries are more than four million. There
are 1.8 million of Syrian refugees in Turkey (A
Aj
2015). T
c
refugee who became one of the most important problems in the world, today is located at top of
agenda in Turkey. Turkey has become a destination country for refugees and immigrants
because of Turkey, especially in the last decade, economic, political and cultural devolpment
and increase of recognition, war and internal struggles in the border countries, people in the
Middle East countries wants to settle in Turkey (Y
2015).
Children is one of
v
w c
w
’
refugee. Refugee adolescents often sexual abuse /exploitation or taking the threat of military and
they are trying to acquire the necessary skills and develop their own identity (K
v
Alt
2010: 58). This vulnerable group is referred to as the generation Z. Some authorities
Zw
1995 (S
2005) w
(K
2011;
Ü
2013)
v
as late as 2000. So that, there is significant
disagreement among the various authors about which span of years should be encompassed
within Z generation (Reeves ve Oh, 2008: 296).
There is not yet an fundamental research for the Z generation in Turkey. Therefore
characteristics of Z generation are to be identified through the research carried out in United
States of America. According to findings of research conducted by Grail Research which is US
c c
N v
2011;
Z
w
“D
N v ”
comfortable with and even dependent on technology, having grow up in a digital world,
constantly multitasking, more socially responsible and always connected, communicating
through various social networking channels. Characterized as tech-savvy, globally connected (in
the virtual world), flexible and smarter and tolerant of diverse cultures (Grail Research
Analysis, 2011). Z generation of refugees has traumatic life such as suddenly leaving home,
persecution of family members, parental anxiety and distress, violence associated with refugee
flight, the absence of ane parent, assume responsibilities of adults, the forced interruption of
education, there is no time and no place for games, pressure of armed groups. It should be
assistance and protection in order
v
(K
v A
2010: 58).
Refugees have economic, political, social problems and cultural challenges besides they
have unemployment problem, psychological and legal problems. In this context; social and
cultural problems are such as stay away from the family and the environment, to be in a
different culture, illiteracy, encounter with racist attitudes, losing their social status. They have
legal problems due to they do not know very well their legal rights. Their psychological
problems are such as trauma, fears, lose self-confidence, growing concern, depression and
anxiety. To find permanent solution these problems UNHCR-United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees is helping them with working government (Ö
). It has made
the following recommendations for refugee status in Turkey: Determinig road map for what
should be done during the mass migration, to identify long-term strategies for refugee, to
respect the labor and legal rights such as food, clothing and basic needs, perceived as cultural
gain and diversity instead of refugees as a potential danger, to inform the society for making
large-scale public work, working in coordination with lawyers, academicians and cicil society
Turkish World Journal of Educational Research, Year: 1, Number: 1, April, 2016, p. 32-38
34
35
(Y
2015). I
c ntext intercultural communication should be
developed. Some of suggestions for the development of interculturak communication are such
as; face to face communication based on empirical studies, firstly semantic capabilities to be
adressed later learned cognitive and interpreting, as well as investigate the non-functional part
of communication and both of the function of the communication, taking into account
experience of the practical aspects and cultural power structure of communication. (Akay, 2005:
119). If cultural differences are carefully managed, synergistic gains could be achieved (Roper,
1997: 157).
3. The Importance of Research and An Application to Gen Z
Today, with globalization through the size that international migration has gained, more
people who have been raised in different cultures are living together. The international
migration brings cultural adaptation problems which occurs together with interaction of people
from different cultures. Agreement of communities in different cultures and communicating
correctly is important for solving this problems.
This research was carried on identification of problems arising from cultural differences
’
Z
(
2000)
I
Imam Hatip High School. In this context, it aims to develop cultural empathy and
c
w
.T
243
I
I
H
H
Sc
.I
of these students are refugee students. As part of this research reached to all refugee students.
Therefore, the sample of the study is the 8 refugee students who are in the Z generation at
I
I
H
H
Sc
. T
c
c
discussions and the study has reaches to all refugee students. Firstly, conceptual and theoretical
framework has been created on the subject and plans have been created through the method of
focus group discussions. At this stage, who will be interviewed, what questions will be asked in
the interview, meeting time and location is determined and then focus group discussions have
been launched with a total ol eight refugee students. At the beginning of the session, it was to
w
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j c . “W
c
i
c
c
c
?”
-ended question were asked to participants. Intercultural
c
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w
cc
c
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w . A
identified problems, proposals to overcome intercultural communication problems has been
determined. Questions for students who have difficulty speaking and understanding in Turkish
were translated into Arabic by expert rapporteurs. Positive and negative statements and
speeches was converted into a report by the rapporteur during the session. At the end of the twohour meeting, some of problems experienced by the participants in intercultural communication
are:
The most important problem when they first came to Turkey is they do not know
Turkish. Therefore, they have problems in expressing themselves, problems in perception and
understanding of others. They also noted that the meaning of the word chaos. They were
exposed to misunderstanding due to differences such as gender, age, race, religion. They had
difficulty in learning Turkish issues and they have learned the Turkish average of four-five
months in the school and some of them have learned the Turkish from friens in the
neighborhood. They do not prefer to speak Turkish within the family. Because of some of their
families do not know Turkish. They were forced to interrupt a training period because of
various challenges. Their mother does not work in any job. Their father is working lowerpaying job compared to the previous work in their country. So that they are experiencing
economic problems. Some of their family have psychological trauma because of escape from
the war. They have social adaptation problems due to cultural values, belief, language, religion,
Pınar Göktaş
symbols, words meanings, customs, traditions, ideas, behaviors, norms, social structure, social
activities are different.
In summary, some of the problems experienced in intercultural communication of the
participants are: have a prejudice about others, lack of tolerance, lack of respect for other
cultures, perception issues, wants to continues the ban on their culture, have different appealing
style, misunderstanding by difference as gender age race religion, against being unable to
communicate with the opposite gender, problems about expressing themselves and
understanding others, the meaning of the word chaos, cultural values, belief, language, religion,
symbols, words meanings, customs, traditions, ideas, behaviors, norms, social structure, social
activities are different and social adaptation problems.
Intercultural communication problems as well as food, clothing, health, housing
problems are also experienced. They have a certain period of stay in the homes of relatives in
Turkey because of some homeowners did not rent their home due to they are refugees. They are
satisfied with the education system in Turkey and they stated that the education system in
Turkey is better than the education system in their own country. Because of there are severe
punishments in the education system of their own country such as hit by flogging, beating... So
that they are satisfied with the education system in Turkey.
They do not communicate with schoolgirl if not necessary. Because of communicating
with schoolgirl is shame in their culture. But they could talk with female teachers for their
education so it is no shame. During the interview some of participants did not want to talk with
reporter because of reporter is female and they tried to block the speech of friends.
They have been disturbed by the behaviour of male students such as have not tolerant,
have prejudice, have different cater, making a joke, disrespectful of swearing, fight and insult.
Fight, insult and curses are shame in their own culture and due to these statements there are
severe punishments in their own country.
They stated that there are seperate rooms for men and women in government
departments in their own countries. But in Turkey, men and women personnel has worked with
together in the office. Also they stated that there are seperate rooms for men and women in
wedding halls. But in Turkey, there are same hall for men and women in wedding halls. If
schoolgirls have been married during her education, she could not continue her education.
There are also cultural differences in greeting such as while giving the salaam man to
man, they kiss on the cheek in their own culture. But in the Turkey culture they tosses head.
After being identified problems, proposals to overcome intercultural communication
problems has been determined. Some of the proposal for the development of intercultural
communication are: the development of cultural empathy, flexibility, to have knowledge about
Turkish culture and other cultures, helping to ensure cultural adaptation, respect towards other
cultures, to be tolerant and positive, merged of different cultures through teamwork, the creation
of cultural synergy, the development of new and creative ideas.
During the focus group discussion, some of participants have abstention behaviour and
some of them tried to block the speech of friends. They have sometimes emotional behaviour
such as tears to the eyes during the interview because of they misses their relatives and friends
in their own country. They stated that they want a world without war.
4. Conclusion
Individuals from different cultures must live together due to international migration and
thus they have sometimes communication problems. In this research, was carried on
identification of problems arising from cultural differences and offering solutions for refugee
’
Z
(w
2000) I
I
H
H
Sc
.
According to the findings of research some of the problems experienced in intercultural
communication of the participants are: have a prejudice about others, lack of tolerance, lack of
respect for other cultures, perception issues, wants to continues the ban on their culture, have
different appealing style, misunderstanding by difference as gender age race religion, against
36
37
being unable to communicate with the opposite gender, problems about expressing themselves
and understanding others, the meaning of the word chaos, cultural values, belief, language,
religion, symbols, words meanings, customs, traditions, ideas, behaviors, norms, social
structure, social activities are different and social adaptation problems. Some of the proposal
for the development of intercultural communication are: the development of cultural empathy,
flexibility, to have knowledge about Turkish culture and other cultures, helping to ensure
cultural adaptation, respect towards other cultures, to be tolerant and positive, merged of
different cultures through teamwork, the creation of cultural synergy, the development of new
and creative ideas.
The findings of research will be useful for identifying and resolving intercultural
communication problems of refugee students in Z generation. It is expected to provide benefits
to inform students about the culture of the country where they go and training about adaptation.
It is expected to create a positive effect to demonstrate cultural sensitive, not to racial
discrimination, flexible actingand and being tolerant by educators. Also it is expected that
creating cultural synergy by intercultural differences and ensuring cultural empathy will
contribute to development of social culture.
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