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S. KURAL, A. SUKATAR, A. ŞENKARDEŞLER / Ege Uni. J. of Faculty of Sci., Vol. 39 (1), 2015, 3947
(REFEREED RESEARCH)
FERNS AND FERN ALLIES OF RIZE PROVINCE
Sinem KURAL, Atakan SUKATAR, Ayhan ŞENKARDEŞLER*
1
Ege University Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Izmir, Turkey
Received: 27.11.2014
Accepted: 24.06.2015
Abstract: In this study, fern and fern allies of Rize province have been investigated. A total of 20 species
and one hybrid have been determined. Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz (Filicopsida) has been
recorded as new to the province.
Keywords: Ferns, flora, Rize, Turkey
1. INTRODUCTION
The 23 species and one subspecies in the first publication on ferns in Rize province
[1] suggest an even richer fern flora. The first papers published by Turkish scientists
belong to Demiriz & Tutel [2] and Demiriz et al. [3]. These publications were valuable
for the knowledge of the fern and fern allies of Rize province being a milestone in the
history of the Turkish fern flora. They represent two and 13 species, respectively, from
the province and provide important information on distributions of fern species. Finally,
five additional species and four hybrids were reported from İkizdere and one hybrid from
Çamlıhemşin districts [4]. Altogether 36 species and four hybrids became known from
the province. The aim of this study is to fulfil the unexplored parts in Rize province and
to increase the number of taxa.
2. MATERIAL AND METHOD
In this study, fertile ferns were collected between 21st – 28th June 2002. Various keys
were used for identifications [1, 5–9]. Identified specimens are deposited at the Aegean
University Botanical Garden & Herbarium Research and Application Centre (EGE).
*
Corresponding Author:
Tel: +90 232 3112449
Fax: +90 232 3881892
E-mail: [email protected]
39
This list of ferns, based on the literature data [1–4] and original collections by the
present authors, is given from division level down to family level in evolutionary line
according to Kramer et al. [10]. However, generic and intrageneric taxa is listed
alphabetically. In addition, herbarium ID numbers are given for each species. The
nomenclature and author names are based on IPNI.org [7].
3. STUDY AREA
The province is situated between 40o 33' and 41o 20' N latitude and 40o 21' and
41o 25' E longitude. It belongs to square A8 according to Henderson’s system (in Davis
et al. [1]). The area is almost 4,000 km2, hilly and reaches the highest point at Kaçkar
Mountains (3,937 m).
Fig 1. Study area and collecting localities.
40
Districts such as Pazar, Çamlıhemşin and Fındıklı are located in the eastern part of the
province, whereas districts such as Kalkandere and İkizdere in the western part (Fig. 1).
These were studied by Davis et al. [1], Demiriz & Tutel [2], Demiriz et al. [3], as well as
Parris & Fraser-Jenkins [4]. Collecting localities of the present study listed below are in
the western and southern parts of the province.
The climate is rainy and temperate oceanic [11]. Annual precipitation is 2,338.0 mm,
relative humidity varies between 73–82% and is higher in summer than in winter.
Annual average temperature is 14.1 °C, with a maximum and minimum monthly average
of 25.7 °C (August) and 3.6 °C (February), respectively.
4. COLLECTING LOCALITIES
1. İyidere district, near Denizgören Village, on the way; Alt.: 10 m a.s.l.; 21.6.2002.
2. İyidere district, near Kalecik Village, on the way; Alt.: 10 m a.s.l.; 21.6.2002.
3. İyidere district, on the road between Rize and Erzurum; Alt.: 10 m a.s.l.; 21.6.2002.
4. Kalkandere district, sandy area on stream bank near Aksu Village; Alt.: 10 m a.s.l.;
23.6.2002.
5. İkizdere district, Sivrikaya, on Kohçer Stream; Alt.: 1,550 m a.s.l.; 23.6.2002.
6. İkizdere district, Çamlık Plateau; Alt.: 1,350 m a.s.l.; 23.6.2002.
7. İkizdere district, springs of Şimşirli Village; Alt.: 1,600 m a.s.l.; 23.6.2002.
8. İkizdere district, province borders between Rize and Erzurum, between Ovit and
İspir; Alt.: 1,900–2,000 m a.s.l.; 28.6.2002.
9. Central district of Rize province, Küçükçayır, W of Salarha; Alt.: 500 m a.s.l.;
22.6.2002.
10. Central district of Rize province, Muradiye, Andon Springs; Alt.: 740 m a.s.l.;
22.6.2002.
11. Central district of Rize province, on Pehlivantaşı road; Alt.: 10 m a.s.l.; 24.6.2002.
12. Central district of Rize province, Soğukçeşme Village; Alt.: 150 m a.s.l.;
24.6.2002.
41
5. RESULTS
In this study, 20 taxa and 1 hybrid are determined from the study area. Besides,
Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz is considered as new to Rize province. Numbers
of ferns species in each collection site are presented in Fig 2.
10
7
6
5
2
10
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
1
1
12
2
1
11
2
9
Number of taxa
9
Collection site
Fig. 2. Comparison of collecting localities and taxa numbers given in present study. The hybrid was not included.
LYCOPODIOPSIDA
LYCOPODIALES
LYCOPODIACEAE
Huperzia selago (L.) Schrank & Mart. – Reported by Davis et al. [1] and Demiriz &
Tutel [2] from İkizdere district as Lycopodium selago L.
Lycopodium alpinum L. – Reported by Davis et al. [1] from İkizdere district.
L. clavatum L. – Reported by Davis et al. [1] and Demiriz & Tutel [2] from İkizdere
district.
L. complanatum subsp. chamaecyparissus (A. Braun) Seidenf. – Reported by Davis et
al. [1] from İkizdere district.
ISOETALES
ISOETACEAE
Isoetes durieui Bory – Reported by Davis et al. [1] from an unknown collection
locality.
42
EQUISETOPSIDA
EQUISETALES
EQUISETACEAE
Equisetum arvense L. – Loc. 5 (EGE38141), Loc. 11 (EGE38131), Loc. 12
(EGE38130); reported formerly by Davis et al. [1] from İkizdere district. New to the
central district of the province.
E. hyemale L. – Loc. 4 (EGE38132), Loc. 8 (EGE38079); reported formerly by Davis
et al. [1] from İkizdere district. New to Kalkandere district.
E. palustre L. – Loc. 4 (EGE38133, EGE38134, EGE38135), Loc. 5 (EGE38140),
Loc. 6 (EGE38138), Loc. 8 (EGE38139), Loc. 9 (EGE38137), Loc. 10 (EGE38136);
reported formerly by Davis et al. [1] from İkizdere district. New to Kalkandere district
as well as to the central district of the province.
FILICOPSIDA
OPHIOGLOSSALES
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
Ophioglossum vulgatum L. – Reported by Davis et al. [1] from the central district of
the province.
OSMUNDALES
OSMUNDACEAE
Osmunda regalis L. – Reported by Davis et al. [1] from Fındıklı district.
CRYPTOGRAMMACEAE
Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link – Reported by Davis et al. [1] from the central
district of the province.
Cryptogramma crispa (L.) R. Br. – Reported by Demiriz et al. [3] from the central
district of the province as well as Çamlıhemşin and İkizdere districts.
PTERIDALES
PTERIDACEAE
Pteris cretica L. – Loc. 4 (EGE38096), Loc. 6 (EGE38097); reported formerly by
Davis et al. [1] from the central district of the province and by Demiriz et al. [3] from
İkizdere, Pazar and Çamlıhemşin districts. New to Kalkandere district.
DICKSONIALES
43
DENNSTAEDTIACEAE
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn – Loc. 4 (EGE38094), Loc. 6 (EGE38101); reported
formerly by Demiriz et al. [3] from the central district of the province and Pazar district.
New to İkizdere and Kalkandere districts.
ASPIDIALES
ASPLENIACEAE
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. – Loc. 6 (EGE38082); reported formerly by Demiriz
et al. [3] from the central district of the province. New to İkizdere district.
A. onopteris L. – Loc. 1 (EGE38126), Loc. 4 (EGE38090), Loc. 7 (EGE38114);
reported formerly by Demiriz et al. [3] from the central district of the province. New to
İkizdere and Kalkandere districts.
A. septentrionale (L.) Hoffm. – Loc. 7 (EGE38120); reported formerly by Davis et al.
[1] from İkizdere district and by Demiriz et al. [3] from Çamlıhemşin and İkizdere
districts.
A. trichomanes L. – Loc. 1 (EGE38095), Loc. 6 (EGE38080, EGE38089, EGE38099,
EGE38103), Loc. 10 (EGE38100); reported formerly by Demiriz et al. [3] from the
central district of the province. New to İkizdere district.
A. woronowii Christ – Reported by Parris & Fraser-Jenkins [4] from İkizdere district.
A. x heufleri Reichardt – Reported by Parris & Fraser-Jenkins [4] from İkizdere
district.
A. x ticinense D. E. Mey. (syn. A. adiantum-nigrum L. x A. onopteris L.) – Loc. 7
(EGE38143, EGE38144); reported formerly by Parris & Fraser-Jenkins [4] from İkizdere
district.
A. adiantum-nigrum L. x A. woronowii Christ – Reported by Parris & Fraser-Jenkins
[4] from İkizdere district.
Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman – Loc. 1 (EGE38125), Loc. 4 (EGE38112),
Loc. 7 (EGE38128); reported formerly by Davis et al. [1] from İkizdere and by Demiriz
et al. [3] from the central district of the province, as well as from Pazar and Çamlıhemşin
districts. New to İyidere district.
THELYPTERIDACEAE
44
Thelypteris limbosperma (All.) H. P. Fuchs – Loc. 6 (EGE38083, EGE38085,
EGE38107, EGE38110, EGE38116, EGE38117); reported formerly by Davis et al. [1]
from Çamlıhemşin and İkizdere districts.
T. phegopteris Sloss. – Loc. 2 (EGE38115), Loc. 10 (EGE38084); reported formerly
by Davis et al. [1] from İkizdere district. New to İyidere district as well as to the
central district of the province.
DRYOPTERIDALES
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz – Loc. 1 (EGE38123), Loc. 2 (EGE38081),
Loc. 7 (EGE38127). New to Rize province.
A. filix-femina (L.) Roth – Loc. 6 (EGE38111), Loc. 10 (EGE38109); reported
formerly by Davis et al. [1] from the central district of the province. New to İkizdere
district.
Cystopteris dickieana Sim – Reported by Parris & Fraser-Jenkins [4] from İkizdere
district.
Dryopteris aemula (Aiton) Kuntze – Reported by Parris & Fraser-Jenkins [4] from
Çamlıhemşin and Fındıklı districts.
D. affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenk. – Loc. 1 (EGE38104), Loc. 4 (EGE38106); reported
formerly by Parris & Fraser-Jenkins [4] as var. disjuncta from the central district of the
province. New to Kalkandere and İyidere districts.
D. borreri Newman – Reported by Davis et al. [1] from Kalkandere district as D.
abbreviata.
D. filix-mas (L.) Schott – Loc. 6 (EGE38092); reported formerly by Demiriz et al. [3]
from the central district of the province. New to İkizdere district.
D. oreades Fomin – Reported by Davis et al. [1] as D. abbreviata (DC.) Newman
from Çamlıhemşin district.
D. remota (A. Braun ex Döll) Druce – Reported by Parris & Fraser-Jenkins [4] from
the central district of the province.
D. x deweveri (Jansen) Jansen & Wacht. – Reported by Davis et al. [1] as D.
carthusiana (Vill.) H. P. Fuchs from İkizdere and Çamlıhemşin districts and Parris &
Fraser-Jenkins [4] from Çamlıhemşin district.
45
Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman – Loc. 6 (EGE 38105); reported formerly by
Davis et al. [1] from Çamlıhemşin district. New to İkizdere district.
Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth – Reported by Davis et al. [1] from the central
district of the province and by Demiriz et al. [3] from Kalkandere district.
P. setiferum (Forssk.) Woyn. – Loc. 4 (EGE38098), Loc. 10 (EGE38102); reported
formerly by Demiriz et al. [3] from Çamlıhemşin district. New to Kalkandere district
as well as to the central district of the province.
P. woronowii Fomin – Reported by Davis et al. [1] from Kalkandere district.
BLECHNACEAE
Blechnum spicant (L.) Roth – Loc. 1 (EGE38122), Loc. 3 (EGE38124), Loc. 4
(EGE38086), Loc. 7 (EGE38118); reported formerly by Davis et al. [1] from
Çamlıhemşin district and by Demiriz et al. [3] from the central district of the province.
New to İkizdere, İyidere and Kalkandere districts.
POLYPODIALES
POLYPODIACEAE
Polypodium vulgare L. – Loc. 4 (EGE38091), Loc. 6 (EGE38093), Loc. 7
(EGE38088); reported formerly by Demiriz et al. [3] from the central district of the
province and Pazar district. New to İkizdere and Kalkandere districts.
6. DISCUSSION
About 73 papers dealing partly or only with ferns and fern allies of Turkey were
published by native as well as foreign researchers; these were listed in 10th and 11th
volumes of “Flora of Turkey” [12, 13]. According to these literature sources, 92 fern
species and 11 hybrids are known from Turkey.
In this study 20 taxa and one hybrid were reported, three belonging to Equisetopsida,
17 taxa and the hybrid belonging to Filicopsida. Hence, the number of fern taxa
increased up to 37 species (including one subspecies) and four hybrids from Rize
province, compared with the results of Davis et al. [1] (23 species and one subspecies),
Demiriz & Tutel [2] (two species), Demiriz et al. [3] (13 species), Parris & FraserJenkins [4] (five species and four hybrids), as well as with references in Greuter et al.
[14] and Güner et al. [13]; these were summarized in Table 1.
46
Ordo
Turkey
Studies onwards
Present study
Total
Species
Hybrid
Species
Hybrid
Species
Hybrid
Species
Hybrid
Lycopodiales
5
-
4
-
-
-
4
-
Selaginellales
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Isoetales
2
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
Equisetales
7
1
3
-
3
-
3
-
Ophioglossales
3
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
Osmundales
1
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
Pteridales
12
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
Dicksoniales
1
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
Aspidiales
23
3
8
3
7
1
8
3
Dryopteridales
27
6
13
1
7
-
14
1
Polypodiales
3
1
1
-
1
-
1
-
Hymenophyllales
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Salviniales
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Marsileales
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
37
4
TOTAL
92
11
36
4
20
1
Table 1: Comparison of fern species and hybrid numbers of Turkey and Rize.
REFERENCES
[1] Davis P. H., Cullen J. and Coode J. E., Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Supplement)
Vol 1., Edinburgh: University Press, 1965.
[2] Demiriz H. and Tutel B., "Türkiye flora ve vejetasyonu üzerinde araştırmalar: III. Lycopodiales ve
Selaginellales," Istanbul Univ. Fak. Mecm., Vol. B 34 (3–4), 1969, pp. 133–135.
[3] Demiriz H., Tutel B. and Aydın A., "Türkiye flora ve vejetasyonu üzerinde araştırmalar IV. Türkiye
Pteridophyt'lerine ait yeni materyaller: Filicales," Istanbul Univ. Fak. Mecm., Vol. B 34 (3–4), 1969,
pp. 137–181.
[4] Parris B. S. and Fraser-Jenkins C. R., "A provisional checklist of Turkish Pteridophyta," Notes Roy.
Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, Vol. 38 (2), 1980, 273–281.
[5] Casper S. J. and Krausch H. D., Pteridophyta und Anthophyta, Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag,
1980.
[6] Martensen H. O. and Probst W., Farn- und Samenpflanzen in Europa, Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer
Verlag, 1990.
[7] The International Plant Names Index (2015). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org [accessed
8 August 2015].
[8] Jahns H. M., Farne, Moose, Flechten der Mittel-, Nord- und Westeuropas, München: BLV Verlag,
1995.
[9] Üzen E., "Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. ve Asplenium onopteris L. üzerinde taksonomik ve
morfolojik çalışmalar," Ot Sist. Bot. Dergisi, Vol. 4 (1), 1997, pp. 57–72.
[10] Kramer K. U., Schneller J. J. and Wollemberger E., Farne und Farnverwandte, Stuttgart: Georg
Thieme Verlag, 1995.
[11] Vural M., "Rize'nin yüksek dağ vejetasyonu," Doga, Vol 20 (Suppl), 1996, pp. 83–102.
[12] Davis P. H., Mill R. R. and Tan K., Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Supplement) Vol.
10, Edinburgh: University Press, 1988.
[13] Güner A., Özhatay N., Ekim T. and Başer K. H. C., Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands
(Supplement 2). Vol. 11., Edinburgh: University Press, 2000.
[14] Greuter W., Burdet H. M. and Long G., Med-Checklist. Vol I. Pteridophyta, Genève: Conservatoire
Botanique de Genève, 1981.
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