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PDB2014,ARTVİN, TURKEY (25-27.09.2014)
PROGRAMME & ABSTRACTS
Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin.
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HONORARY PRESIDENT
Prof. Dr. Mehmet DUMAN (Rector, Artvin Çoruh University)
HONORARY VICE PRESIDENT
Prof. Dr. Fahrettin TİLKİ (Dean, Artvin Çoruh University)
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
President
Prof. Dr. Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU (Artvin Çoruh University)
Vice President
Assist.Prof.Dr. Mehmet ÖZALP (Artvin Çoruh University)
Moderator
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Servet ÖZCAN (Erciyes University)
Raporter
Sp. Hayal AKYILDIRIM BEĞEN (Artvin Çoruh University)
Members
Res. Assist. Emrah YÜKSEL(Artvin Çoruh University)
Res. Assist. Güven AKSU (Artvin Çoruh University)
Scientific and Technological Cooperation between Germany and Turkiye
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INVITED SPEAKERS
Prof. Dr. Gökhan ABAY (Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı)
Prof. Dr. Ünal AKKEMİK (İstanbul University İstanbul)
Prof. Dr. Şule ARI (Istanbul University, Istanbul)
Prof. Dr. Meral AVCI (Istanbul University, Istanbul)
Prof. Dr. K. Hüsnü Can BASER, (Anadolu University, Eskişehir)
Prof. Dr. Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU (Artvin Çoruh University, Artvin)
Prof. Dr. Reiner FINKELDEY (Georg-August University, Göttingen)
Prof. Dr. Jacobsen HANS-JOERG (Leibniz-Universität Hannover)
Prof.Dr. Neriman ÖZHATAY (Istanbul University, İstanbul)
Prof. Dr. Dietmar QUANDT( Bonn University, Bonn)
Prof. Dr. Ingo SCHNEIDER (Botanic Garden of Potsdam University, Postdam)
Prof. Dr. Joachim SCHIEMANN(Julius Kühn-Institut, Braunschweig)
Prof. Dr. Atalay SÖKMEN (Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon)
Prof. Dr. Zeki KAYA (Middle East Technical University, Ankara)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aşkın AKPULAT (Cumhuriyet University, Sivas)
Assoc.Prof. Dr. Omer KOZ (Bursa Technical University, Bursa)
Assoc. Prof.Dr. Servet ÖZCAN (Erciyes University, Kayseri)
Dr. Klaus EIMERT (Geisenheim University, Geisenheim)
Dr. Doerte HARPKE (Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Research, Gatersleben)
Dr. Deniz ÖZÜT (Nature Conservation Centre, Ankara.)
Dr.Gerald PAROLLY (Freie University, Berlin)
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Prof. Dr. Sezgin AYAN (Kastamonu Üniversity, Kastamonu)
Prof. Dr. Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU (Artvin Çoruh University, Artvin)
Prof. Dr. Gazi GÖRÜR (Niğde University, Niğde)
Prof. Dr. Latif KURT (Ankara University, Ankara)
Prof. Dr. Engin ÖZHATAY (Marmara University, Istanbul)
Prof. Dr. Zafer Cemal ÖZKAN (Karadeniz Technical University)
Prof. Dr. Metin SARIBAŞ (Bartın University, Bartın)
Prof. Dr. Münevver SÖKMEN (Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon)
Prof. Dr. Coşkun TEZ (Erciyes University, Kayseri)
Prof. Dr. Aydın TÜFEKÇİOĞLU (Artvin Çoruh University, Artvin)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Temel GÖKTÜRK (Artvin Çoruh University, Artvin)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Servet ÖZCAN (Erciyes University, Kayseri)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cem VURAL (Bursa Technical University, Bursa)
Assist. Prof. Dr. Mehmet ÖZALP (Artvin Çoruh University, Artvin)
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ORGANIZING INSTITUTIONS
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MAP OF ARTVIN
KORU OTEL
CONGREES
CENTRE
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Nihat Gokyigit Congress and Culture Centre
Artvin Coruh University, Seyitler Campus
Artvin Coruh University, City Campus
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INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP PROGRAMME
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF PLANT
DIVERSITY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY BETWEEN TURKEY AND GERMANY
PDB2014
September 25-27, 2014
Artvin Coruh University, Nihat Gokyigit Congress and Culture Centre, Artvin-TURKEY
TIME
TITLES
INVITED SPEAKER (S)
September 25, 2014
08:3009:00
09:0009:30
09:3009:50
09:5010:10
10:1010:20
10:2011:00
11:0011:15
11:1511:30
11:3011:45
11:4512:00
12:0012:10
12:1013:30
13:3013:45
13:4514:00
14:0014:15
14:1514:30
14:3014:40
14:4015:00
15:0015:15
REGISTRATION
WELCOME AND OPENING REMARKS
Keynote Presentations
Chairs: Prof.Dr.Ünal AKKEMİK, Prof. Dr. Joachim SCHIEMANN, Assoc.Prof.Dr. Aşkın AKPULAT
Floristic Richness and Conservation Priority Sites in
Prof.Dr. Neriman ÖZHATAY
Turkey
Istanbul University, İstanbul
Human Impacts on the Genetic Diversity of Plants
Prof. Dr. Reiner FINKELDEY
Georg-August University, Göttingen
Discussion
BREAK
Session -I
Chairs: Prof.Dr. Neriman ÖZHATAY, Prfo.Dr. Reiner FINKELDEY, Dr. Gerald PAROLLY
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Turkey: An Evaluation
Prof. Dr.K. Hüsnü Can BAŞER
Based on Utilization.
Anadolu University, Eskişehir
Bryodiversity of Turkey
Prof. Dr. Gökhan ABAY
Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı
Plant diversity and major threats in Artvin
Prof. Dr.Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU
Artvin Çoruh University, Artvin
Gypsum Soil and Biodiversity
Assoc.Prof. Dr. Aşkın AKPULAT
Cumhuriyet University, Sivas
Discussion
LUNCH
Session-II
Chairs: Prof. Dr. K. Hüsnü C. BASER, Prof.Dr. Coşkun TEZ, Dr. Doerte HARPKE
Micropropagation of geophytes
Prof.Dr. Atalay SÖKMEN
Karadeniz Technic University, Trabzon
Plant DNA-barcoding: promises, realities, challenges, and
Prof. Dr. Dietmar QUANDT
perspectives
NEES Institute, Bonn University, Bonn
GenKök, Genome and Stem Cell centre
Assoc. Prof.Dr. Servet ÖZCAN
Erciyes University, Kayseri
Transgenic Resistance in Plants - When does it Make
Prof.Dr. Jacobsen HANS-JOERG
Sense?
Institut f. Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz-Universität
Hannover
Discussion
BREAK
Session -III
Chairs: Prof. Dr. Zeki KAYA, Prof.Dr. Dietmar QUANDT, Dr. Klaus EIMERT
Precise plant breeding using new genome editing
Prof. Dr. Joachim SCHIEMANN
techniques
Department of Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology,
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15:1515:30
Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Triterpene Saponins
15:3015:45
Next generation sequencing -whole genome shotgun
sequencing
15:4516:00
Bioinnovation Center Project of DOKA and Biotechnology
Sector in Eastern Black Sea Region
Discussion
16:0016:10
16:1016:30
16:3016:45
16:4517:00
17:0017:15
17:1517:30
Julius Kühn-Institute, Braunschweig
Assoc.Prof. Dr. Omer KOZ
Bursa Technical University, Bursa
Dr. Doerte HARPKE
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop
Research, Gatersleben
Ismail Arslaner
Eastern Blacksea Development Agency, Trabzon
BREAK
Session -IV
Chairs: Prof.Dr. Atalay SÖKMEN, Prof. Dr. Gazi GÖRÜR, Assoc.Prof. Dr. Cem VURAL
Low temperature regulated gene expression in Populus
Prof. Dr. Zeki KAYA
nigra
Middle East Technical University, Ankara
Genetic diversity in Prunus spinosa L. – challenges in the
Dr. Klaus EIMERT
use of autochthonous sources
Geisenheim University, Geisenheim.
Molecular and biotechnological aspects of Astragalus
Prof.Dr. Şule ARI
chrysochlorus
İstanbul University, İstanbul
Discussion
September, 26, 2014
09:0009:15
09:1509:30
09:3009:45
09:4510:00
10:0010:20
10:2010:35
10:3510:50
10:5011:00
11:0011:30
11:3014:00
14:0018:00
Session –V
Chairs: Prof. Dr. Meral AVCI, Prof.Dr. Jacobsen HANS-JOERG,
The Botanic Garden of the Potsdam University and its role
in plant conservation
Integration Of Forest Biodiversity Conservation Into
Forest Planning And Management İn Turkey
Conservation issues and Capacity-building activities of the
Botanical Garden and Botanic Museum Berlin-Dahlem in
Turkey and the Caucasus".
Prof.Dr. Gökhan ABAY
Prof. Dr.Ingo SCHNEIDER
Botanical Garden of Potsdam University, Postdam
Deniz ÖZÜT
Nature Conservation Centre, Ankara.
Dr.Gerald PAROLLY
Freie University, Berlin
Discussion
BREAK
Session –VI
Chairs: Prof. Dr. Şule ARI, Prof.Dr. Ingo SCHNEIDER, Assoc. Prof.Dr. Ömer KOZ
Dendrochronology in Turkey
Prof. Dr.Ünal AKKEMİK
Dendrochronology and Dendrogeomorphology
Prof. Dr. Meral AVCI
Discussion
Poster Section
LUNCH
Chairs: Prof. Dr. Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU, Assoc.Prof. Dr. Servet ÖZCAN, Assist. Prof.Dr. Mehmet ÖZALP
General Discussion, Closing Remarks, Certificate presentation
(in Borçka- Karagöl Nature Park)
September 27, 2014
08:3019:00
Excursion to Karagol-Sahara National Park
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ORAL PRESANTATION INDEX
Page
12
Author
Neriman ÖZHATAY
13
Reiner FINKELDEY
14
K. Hüsnü Can BAŞER
15
16
Gökhan ABAY
Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU
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18
19
Aşkın AKPULAT
Atalay SÖKMEN
Dietmar QUANDT, Thomas BORSCH&
Kai MULLER
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Servet ÖZCAN
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Jacobsen HANS-JOERG
Plant Diversity of Turkey and its potential in
Biotechnology
Human Impacts on the Genetic Diversity of
Plants
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Turkey: An
Evaluation Based on Utilization
Plant Diversity And Major Threats in Artvin
(Turkey)
Micropropagation of Geophytes
Plant DNA-barcoding: promises, realities,
challenges, and perspectives
The Role of Genkok as a Research Center in
Plant Sciences
Transgenic resistance in plants - when does it
make sense?"
Frank HARTUNG &
Joachim SCHIEMANN
Precise Plant Breeding Using New Genome
23
Ömer KOZ
24
Dörte HARPKE
Isolation and Structural Elucidation of
Triterpene Saponins
Next generation sequencing -whole genome
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Editing Techniques
shotgun sequencing
25
İsmail Arslaner
26
Evrim ZEYBEK, Kubilay YILDIRIM,
Zeki KAYA
27
Klaus EİMERT
28
Şule ARI
29
Ingo
SCHNEIDER
&
Michael
Bioinnovation Center Project of DOKA and
Biotechnology Sector in Eastern Black Sea
Region
Differential Expression of Low Temperature
Related Genes in Black Poplar (Populus nigra
L.) Individuals
Genetic diversity in Prunus spinosa L. –
challenges in the use of autochthonous sources
Molecular and Biotechnological Aspects of
Astragalus chrysochlorus
The Botanic Garden of the Potsdam University
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30
BURKART
Deniz ÖZÜT, Uğur ZEYDANLI, Ayşe
TURAK, Can BİLGİN
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Gerald PAROLLY
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Ünal AKKEMIK
Meral AVCI
and its role in plant conservation
Integration Of Forest Biodiversity
Conservation Into Forest Planning And
Management İn Turkey
Conservation issues and capacity-building
activities of the Botanical Garden & Botanic
Museum Berlin-Dahlem (BGBM) in Turkey
and the Caucasus
POSTER PRESANTATION INDEX
Page
35
Author
Melahat OZCAN & Mehmet
DEMIRALAY
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Özhan ŞENOL, Hayal AKYILDIRIM
BEĞEN, Gazi GÖRÜR & Gizem GEZİCİ
Cypsela and Leaf Anatomical
Characteristics of Two Locally Distributed
Cirsium Species in Turkey; C. rigidum
and C. aggregatum
Plant Composition and Aphid Species of
the Inner West Anatolian Subregion
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Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU, Hayal
AKYILDIRIM BEĞEN & Güven AKSU
Distribution and Medicinal Features of
Vaccinium genus in Artvin
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Temel GÖKTÜRK
Use of Plant Essential Oils Against Insects
39
Ayla BILGIN
Use of Plants in Remediation of Soils
Contaminated with Metals And
Phytoremediation
İpek ÖZALP & Meral
AVCI
Geographical factors affecting the plant
diversity at the south of the Göksu Valley
(Taşeli plateau)
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Merve KÖSE & Fazıl ÖZEN
Contributions to Flora of Hereke (Kocaeli)
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Esra Nurten YER, Mehmet Cengiz
BALOĞLU & Sezgin AYAN
The Description of HSP70 Heat Shock
Protein Genes in Populus nigra, Their
Bioinformatic Analyses and Detection of
Their Gene Expression Level under
Drought Stress Conditions
40
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ORAL PRESENTATIONS
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Floristic Richness and Conservation Priority Sites in Turkey
Neriman ÖZHATAY
University of Istanbul, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, TURKEY
[email protected]
Turkey is one of the most important temperate countries on earth in terms of flowering plant
diversity.The diversity of vascular plants of the country has been documented in the Flora of Turkey
and the Eastern Aegean Islands ,edited by Prof. P.H.Davis and published in nine volumes between
1965 and 1985.Then two supplementary volumes of the Flora vol. 10 in 1988 and vol. 11 in 2000
published. The flora of Turkey continues to grow following publication of the 11th volume an
additional about 1000 new taxa were added to the period up to 2014 . Including 730 new taxa to plant
science (583 species, 86 subsp. 41 var.and 20 hybrids ). The diversity of the vegetation and richness
of the flora of Turkey is legandary, base on the data gathered from these recent studies in recent years
a new taxon is being added to the flora of Turkey every five days and 12 hours! Research on poorly
studied habitats has added further taxa to the flora; work on Turkey’s handful of peatland sites added
unexpected northern species to the flora such as Andromeda polifolia,Carex lasiocarpa and Drosera
longifolia . Floristic research in Northerneast Turkey has intensified through the roll-out of the
projects, many new taxa discovered from Artvin, Ardahan and Kars provinces: 28 new taxa for plant
science (24 species, 3 subspecies and 1 var.) and 42 new records (6 genera, 27 species, 7 subspecies
and 2 var.) have been discoverd after publication the vol. 11 .
Along with its rich flora, Turkey also has a wide diversity of habitats. Rare and sensative habitats
such as coastal dunes, peatlands , heatlands, grassland and old growth forest are under immense threat
and declining fast, including many areas that have yet to be surveyed.
Identification conservation priority sites ‘’Important Plant Areas’’ is an essential step in the journey
towards the conservation of Turkey’s unique species and habitats.
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Human Impacts on the Genetic Diversity of Plants
Reiner FINKELDEY
Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Göttingen University, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, GERMANY
[email protected]
Genetic variation patterns within and among plant populations result from a complex
interaction of evolutionary factors during population history. Humans play an increasingly important
role in shaping genetic structures of plants due to their interest in utilizing genetic resources and their
manifold impact on ecosystems. The strongest and most obvious changes of plant genetic diversity
are caused by intentional breeding. However, only a comparably low number of plant species have
been subjected to breeding activities in the past. On the other hand, genetic resources of most plant
species are influenced by the management of ecosystems and in many cases ecosystem deterioration
caused by humans on a local (e.g. deforestation) or global (e.g. climate change) scale. Reduction of
population size and population density is expected to reduce genetic diversity due to drift, to alter the
genomic architecture of plants e.g. by increasing linkage disequilibrium, and to influence gene flow
and the mating system. Studies focusing on woody species suggest a comparatively low human
impact on genetic diversity patterns for this group of plants. Examples from temperate and tropical
tree species suggest that genetic diversity patterns of trees are remarkably resistant to human impacts.
Live history traits of most trees, in particular the combination of long generation times, predominance
of outcrossing and efficient gene flow protect them against rapid losses of genetic diversity by human
impacts on ecosystems. Implications of these results concerning the conservation of plant genetic
resources are discussed.
Keywords: Plant Genetic Resources, Forest Trees, Fagus sylvatica, Dipterocarpaceae, environmental
change
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Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Turkey: An Evaluation Based on Utilization
K. Hüsnü CAN BAŞER
Anadolu University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacognosy 26470 Eskişehir, TURKEY
[email protected] www.khcbaser.com
Flora of Turkey is rich and diverse with over 12.000 taxa recorded. Endemism ratio is also
quite high (over 33%).
Flora of Turkey is well documented in 11 volumes. Being in a geography with land in two continents
under the influence of three different climates and at the junction of three phytogeographic regions, its
natural diversity blended with cultural richness, throughout centuries has brought about a wide
inventory of useful plants.
This lecture will focus on the most widely traded medicinal and aromatic plants of Turkey. They
include opium poppy, oregano, thyme, sage, sideritis, rose, laurel, anis, licorice, gypsophila, salep,
etc. which have been used and traded since ancient times. Information on their uses and export
figures will be given.
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Gökhan ABAY
Çankırı Karatekin University, Faculty of Forestry, Division of Forest Engineering, Department of Forest Botany,
Çankırı / TURKEY
[email protected]
This review deals the latest numerical situation of Turkish bryophytes (Anthocerotophyta,
Marchantiophyta, and Bryophyta), including many bryophyte taxa, not covered by the recent
checklists. Considering accepted scientific names and synonyms, approximately 4 hornworts, 177
liverworts, and 774 mosses are estimated in levels of species, subspecies, and varieties. In total,
Turkish bryophyte diversity is defined as 955 taxa belonging to 260 genera and 93 families. The
richest five moss families (Pottiaceae, Brachytheciaceae, Grimmiaceae, Orthotrichaceae, and
Bryaceae) account for 40.4% and the five most diverse liverwort families (Jungermanniaceae,
Ricciaceae, Scapaniaceae, Cephaloziellaceae, and Fossombroniaceae) also 8.3% of the total
bryodiversity. The liverwort taxa mostly belong to genera Riccia (23), Scapania (12), and
Jungermannia (10), the mosses mainly to Orthotrichum (39), Grimmia (31), and Tortula (30) in
Turkey. Past and recent surveys have recorded six bryophytes as endemics in Turkey. Jungermannia
lignicola (Schiffn.) Grolle, J. subtilissima (Schiffn.) Grolle, and J. caucasica Váňa are endemic
liverworts. The endemic mosses are also Cinclidotus bistratosus Kürschner & Lübenau-Nestle, C.
vardaranus Erdağ & Kürschner, and C. asumaniae Ursavaş & Çetin.
Keywords: Bryophyte, diversity, endemic, new record, new species
15
Plant Diversity and Major Threats in Artvin (Turkey)
Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU
Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, 08000 Artvin-TURKEY
[email protected]
This study was carried out between 1994 and 20011 in order to determine plant species of
Artvin province. In this study, total of 1864 vascular plant taxa (1761 species) belonging to 128
families and 624 genera were determined. Also, total of 305 rare plant taxa, including 199 endemics
and 106 non-endemics were evaluated according to IUCN risk categories. The endemism ratio was
estimated to be 10.07%. The distribution of the threat categories is as follows: 14 endemic and 0ne
non-endemic taxa in CR, 32 endemic and 4 non-endemic taxa in EN, 24 endemic and 79 non-endemic
taxa in VU, 19 endemic and 1 non-endemic taxa in NT, 87 endemic taxa in LC, and 23 endemic and
21 non-endemic taxa in DD. As for the rare plant species in the province of Artvin, out of the total
305 rare plant taxa found, 69, 130, and 106 were identified as threatened at the Global Scale, at the
European Scale, and at the National Scale, respectively. Moreover, it was determined that while 6
plant species are subject to the Bern Convention, 17 plant species are subject to the CITES
Convention. The major threats to the plant diversity in Artvin are as fallows: Aggressive forestry
techniques including clear felling and replanting with alien species, coastal development in narrow
coastal strips, recreation, dam construction in large and small catchments, Constructing so many runof-river type small hydropower plants, building new roads for transportation, mining activities within
forested areas, over-collection of flowers, bulbs and vegetative parts of rare and endemic plants,
urbanization and overgrazing.
Keywords: Artvin, A8, A9, plant diversity, endemic, risk categories, threats
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Aşkın AKPULAT
Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi, Orta Öğretim Fen ve Matematik , Alanları Eğitimi Bölümü,TURKEY
[email protected]
Floristic studies considering soil structure, particularly pure floristic studies in gypsum, are
very rare. The restriction of vascular plant species in soil which is high in gypsum was first reported
by Johnston (1941) from the Chihuahuan Desert of northern Mexico, and has since been observed in
many arid and semi-arid regions of the world. However, the features of the gypsum habitat which
provide the selective force for the evolution of gypsophile endemics have not been clearly identified.
Gypsum areas occupy 0.5% of Turkey and the largest fraction of gypsum occurs within Sivas
province. A total of 122 taxa are found to be endemic for Turkey and the ratio of endemism is 35.8%
in Sivas. The proportion of endemism in the area is higher than the average estimated for Turkey
(34.4%). The reason for this is assumed to be gypsum habitats. The chief advantage on gypsum for
the gypsophile species may be reduced moisture stress during the early summer drought, due either to
reduced competition for water because of low densities or to intrinsic properties of the gypsum soil.
Keywords: Gypsum, endemic, biodiversity, Sivas
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Micropropagation of Geophytes
Atalay SÖKMEN
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University 61080 Trabzon / TURKEY
[email protected]
Geophytes are the plants that continue to live by means of their bulbs, corms, tubers,
tuberous stems, tuberous roots, rhizomes and pseudobulbs, as part of their life cycle . In general,
micropropagation of these plants are generally thought to be difficult, and therefore, they are
considered as recalcitrant. As geophytes comprise many economically valuable plants such as
saffron, orchids, snowdrops etc., their rapid and effective propagation by using plant tissue and cell
culture, i.e. micropropagation, has special importance.
In this presentation, after giving short information about the latest advances in micropropagation of
aforesaid plants, in vitro production of some species belonging to the Orchidaceae family (Orchis
coriophora Tourn ex. L., O. sancta L. and Serapias vomeracea (Burm). F. Briq) and protocols for the
establishment of their synseed production will be discussed in detail since they are of great economic
importance as their tubers are used to produce a hot beverage called salep. As the seeds of aforesaid
species have minute or lack of endosperm, their germination in nature requires symbiosis with their
appropriate fungi. On the other hand, their seeds can be asymbiotically germinated by using plants
tissue culture techniques. For this, orchimax including active charcoal was found to be superior in
terms of supporting the best germination. Shoot elongation, leaf and root formation followed by tuber
formation required individually supplement of various plant growth regulators. Synseeds of these
plants were also successfully established in vitro by using their protocorms, coated with sodium
alginate and germinated both in growth medium as well as pre-sterilised soil under greenhouse
conditions. As the main ingredient of salep, the glucomannan contents of tubers produced by
following abovementioned procedures were also analysed and found that they contain almost the
same content when compared to tubers of plants grown in nature.
Keywords: Micropropagation, geophytes, Orchis, protocorm, synseed, plant growth regulators
18
Plant DNA-barcoding: Promises, Realities, Challenges, and Perspectives
Dietmar QUANDT1, Thomas BORSCH2& Kai MULLER3
1
2
NEES, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, GERMANY
BGBM, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, 14195 Berlin, GERMANY
2
IEB, University of Muenster, Huefferstr. 1, 48149 Muenster, GERMANY
[email protected]
Since 2003, researchers around the globe hunt for the molecular key to correctly identify
species by means of short and easily processed molecular DNA fragments, so called DNA-Barcodes.
Hopes are high as it is assumed that DNA-Barcoding will be a powerful tool facilitating species
identification even from fragmented or immature samples/probes as well as mixtures. Thus, a vast
number of applications are foreseeable ranging from forensic studies, including consumer protection
to biodiversity assessment through time. For example, DNA-Barcoding allows to test species
composition of herbal mixtures or to monitor the impact of human activities on biodiversity in a fast
and efficient way.
However, a big question remains the methodological approach, as in contrast to the scenario in
animals, the scientific community currently lacks agreement on which DNA-region shall be used as
the DNA-Barcode marker for land plants. So far, the officially proclaimed markers (rbcL & matK)
largely defy the beforehand accepted selection criteria and the recognition success of operational
taxonomic units (OTU) using this marker combination is reported to range below 70 % in most
lineages. Therefore, the German Barcode of Life initiative (GBoL – bolgermany.de) – Barcoding of
the German flora (GBol5), together with other European partners, pursues a different marker strategy
that will be exemplified.
Here we review the current state of plant DNA-Barcoding, its promises, realities, challenges, and
perspectives, and explain why the German Barcode of Life (GBoL) initiative uses selected fast
evolving plastid DNA regions in combination with the nuclear internal transcribed spacers (ITS). We
will also argue why joint forces of taxonomists, natural collections and molecular biologists are
needed to generate a validated reference library.
19
The Role of Genkok as a Research Center in Plant Sciences
Servet ÖZCAN
Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKÖK) Kayseri TURKEY
[email protected]
Erciyes University’s Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKÖK) was founded
in 2010 and was officially opened more than a year ago. GENKÖK was established with the priority
to promote scientific research with the purpose to giving something back to our country and
humanity. GENKÖK is currently one of the prominent research center that is primary focused on life
sciences. The current infrastructure consisting of 13 departments. The center is equipped with a
system of intelligent building and harboring wet laboratories, dry benches and office space. For the
main research facilities, research is conducted in the following departments: Stem Cell Applications,
Genome Research and Applications, Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratories with GMP standards,
Biobank, Proteomics, Molecular Microbiology, Transgenic Animal Facility, Animal Behavior,
Animal Facility, Plant Biotechnology, Bioinformatics, Hypoxia Laboratory and Visualization.
GENKOK organizes annual meetings which include but are not limited to: conferences, lectures,
workshops and exhibitions of new technologies. GENKOK has also started international
collaborations with 17 different centers and various national and international universities. The main
objectives of the center are to provide graduate education in the area of stem cells and bioinformatics
as well as post graduate education in the areas of GMP manufacturing including cell, stem cell, gene
therapy products and biobanking; to provide a work environment in the areas of biological sciences,
medicine, dentistry, agriculture and advanced molecular biology. At GENKOK there are various
departments ranging from plants to humans with the plan to provide services to the public. The
opportunities at the center also include obtaining plant extracts and the isolated essential oils for
herbal medical studies as well as tissue and cell culture research of valuable endemic plants,
secondary metabolites optimization and production of cultures as plant biotechnology research, the
bioactivity assays (antiviral, antibacterial antifungal, antioxidant, cytotoxic), separation of bioactive
compounds and the purification of plant extracts. Research in the following areas is currently being
conducted: genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics studies in plants, plant tissue culture and gene
transfer research, identification of plant genetic resources, biodiversity studies and molecular marker
applications.
20
Transgenic Resistance in Plants - When does it Make Sense?
Jacobsen HANS-JOERG
H.-J. Jacobsen, Institut f. Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz-Universität Hannover, D-30419 Hannover, GERMANY
[email protected]
The domestication of crop plants was remarkable in two ways: on one hand, we have plants
that are high yielding and nutritous and free of antinutritive factors (ANFs), on the other hand they are
lacking resistance genes protecting them from pests and pathogens as many resistance principles are
linked to ANFs. As a consequence, the gene pools for most of our crops are rather narrow and often
are also lacking resistances against abiotic stresses like drought, salt or heat. Besides the use of
pesticides - which become more and more questioned- tapping foreign gene pools and transferring
safe and non-ANF types of resistance genes to our crops can be an alternative. The presentation will
explain examples of successful transfer of those resistance genes into legumes.
21
Precise Plant Breeding Using New Genome Editing Techniques
Frank HARTUNG & Joachim SCHIEMANN
Julius Kuehn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biosafety in Plant
Biotechnology Erwin Baur Straße 27, D–06484 Quedlinburg, GERMANY
[email protected]
Several new plant breeding techniques (NPBTs) have been developed during the last decade
which makes it possible for the first time to precisely perform genome modifications in plants. The
major problem, besides technical aspects, is the vagueness of regulation concerning these new
techniques. Since the definition of eight NPBTs by a European expert group in 2007 there is an
ongoing debate whether the resulting plants and their products have to be covered by GMO
legislation. Obviously, cover by GMO legislation would hamper severely the use of NPBT because
genetically modified (GM) plants have to pass a costly and time consuming GMO approval procedure
in the EU. In this talk we compare some of the NPBTs defined by the EU expert group – especially
the new genome editing techniques – to classical breeding techniques and conventional transgenic
plants. The site-directed change of only a few nucleotides in plant genomes deserves special
consideration in future biosafety evaluations. Compared with some classical breeding techniques such
as irradiation-induced mutation causing multiple uncharacterized changes in plant genomes, the newly
developed genome editing techniques are highly precise – the use of synthetic nucleases is currently
the cleanest way to achieve targeted progress in plant breeding. From a scientific point of view it can
be argued that plants developed by NPBTs, e.g. plants carrying point mutations, small deletions of a
few base pairs or subtle changes in coding sequences induced by the use of synthetic nucleases, are
often indistinguishable from classically bred plants and not expected to possess higher risks for health
and the environment. In light of the debate on the future regulation of NPBTs and the evidence
accumulated on the biosafety of GM plants commercialized and risk assessed worldwide it can be
suggested that plants modified by crop genetic improvement technologies including GM, NPBTs or
other future techniques should be evaluated concerning the new trait and the resulting end product
instead of the technique used to create the new plant variety.
22
Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Triterpene Saponins
Ömer KOZ
Bursa Technical University, Faculty of Natural Sciences,Architecture and Engineering,
Chemistry Department, 16190, Osmangazi, Bursa, TURKEY
[email protected]
Plants are very important source for human being during whole life. The humankind used them
through the ages as the essentials of life, including food, raw material for clothes and as medicinal
agent for illnesses.1 Plant-based traditional medicine systems have been in existence for thousands of
years in many countries, especially in China and India, because of promising low-cost alternatives in
primary health assistance program. Today, 119 useful plant-derived drugs are still resourced from
only about 90 species of plants and contribute some 25% of the all clinically used medicines. 2
Plants have a very large scale of chemical substance. One of them is saponins. They are highmolecular-weight glycosides, consisting of a sugar moiety linked to a triterpene or steroid aglycone.
Saponins are constituents of many herbal drugs and folk medicines and they exhibit a wide spectrum
of biological activities. Triterpene saponins forms by far the most extensive collection of saponins,
including over 750 triterpenoid glycosides with 360 sapogenins. 3
Obtaining pure compounds from a plant extract are very long, tiresome and expensive effort and also
involve many steps. For isolation of triterpene saponin, the selection of extraction, separation and
purification methods becomes very important. The isolation and purification methods are given
below; Sample Preparation (Extraction, Precipitation and Filtration), Isolation and Purification
(Chromatographic techniques such as CC, TLC, PLC, VLC, MPLC, HPLC), Classic techniques
(Crystallization etc.)3,4
The structural determination processes include mainly spectroscopic and chemical methods. The basis
of modern structural analysis is the spectroscopic techniques such as IR, UV-Vis., NMR (1D and 2D),
Mass Spectrometry etc.5 If the structure can not be achieved sufficiently by spectroscopic methods,
the chemical methods (chemical degradation, derivatization, hydrolysis, etc.) can be used.
HO
Amyrin
HO
Lupeol
Some classes of triterpene sapogenins
Dammarane
Key Words: Chromatography, Isolation, Saponin, Structural Elucidation, Triterpene Glycoside
23
Perspectives of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in Phylogenetic and
Phylogeographic studies
Doerte HARPKE
Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Research (IPK), Gatersleben, GERMANY
[email protected]
Next generation sequencing (NGS) allows sequencing DNA and RNA with much higher
throughput compared to Sanger sequencing. Although whole genomes can be sequenced quickly, it is
currently not yet cost-efficient to sequence and analyze them for hundreds of individuals, a number
that many phylologenetic and phylogeographic studies entail. Instead, low-coverage sequencing of the
nuclear genome of some representative species can be used to identify molecular markers (e.g.,
microsatellite loci, variable chloroplast and nuclear regions, specific genes), which afterwards can be
exploited with PCR-based methods.
Another possibility is a prior reduction of genome complexity allowing fast and relatively cheap
generation of genome wide multi-locus data for phylogeography or phylogeny. This can be done e.g.
by hybridization-based sequence capture. However, for this method prior sequence information is
required often lacking for non-model organisms, which are most frequently investigated in
phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies. Therefore, alternatively restriction enzyme based methods
like restriction associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) or genotyping by sequencing (GBS) are
applied, which are used to discover genome wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) due to
sequencing short regions adjacent to restriction enzymes cut sites.
Different NGS approaches, their analysis methods, and fields of application will be explained and
discussed by means of examples from different plant genera (e.g., Anthyllis, Crocus, Gagea).
24
Bioinnovation Center Project of DOKA and Biotechnology Sector in Eastern Black
Sea Region
Ismail ARSLANER
Eastern Blacksea Development Agency, TURKEY
[email protected]
All over the world, there is no sector investing in R&D and adding value more than the
pharmaceutical industry compared to turnover. Turkey's success in the high value adding
pharmaceutical industry will be determined by using potential market size through rational and
effective policies. Today, treatment methods, and the development of a new generation of drugs
creates a positive impact on human health, quality and life span. In this sense, investments in
pharmaceutical industry R & D are of great importance.
Observing the current situation, factors the development of the sector in Turkey are;
- Improvement of pharmaceutical industry related legislation, licensing, patent protection and data
exclusivity,
- Increase R & D investments related new biotechnology research in the field of molecular oncology
besides classic pharmaceutical products.
- Development of government-academia-industry cooperation for the investments
In Turkey, within the framework of Vision 2023, support and mechanisms provided by the
government for investments in R & D is promising. Turkey in order to take a powerful place in the
pharmaceutical industry have invest in new technologies and policies in this area must be set properly.
In this regard, within the framework of public-private sector partnership, the development of accurate
models of co-operation in the sector should be seen as a decisive factor for success.
From the perspective of the Eastern Black Sea region, the region in terms of the pharmaceutical
industry is yet to be seen as a natural treasure trove of untouched. In terms of bio-diversity of
medicinal plants in the region reveals a significant potential. However, the region in the field of
pharmaceutical industry does not have a private sector organization. Studies conducted by academic
institutions, signify the region's richness in terms of pharmaceutical raw materials and manufacture of
the drugs active substance is seen promising.
For sure, development potential of pharmaceutical industry in the Eastern Black Sea Region is a
concern that can be evaluated by regulation and cooperation / support mechanisms in Turkey. On the
other hand, creation of the regional policy and areas of cooperation on the basis of academic studies
conducted up to date will be important steps for the development of the sector.
25
Differential Expression of Low Temperature Related Genes in Black Poplar (Populus
nigra L.) Individuals
Evrim ZEYBEK, Kubilay YILDIRIM & Zeki KAYA
Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, TURKEY
[email protected]
Poplar is an important crop and a model system to understand molecular processes of
growth, development and responses to environmental stimuli due to model tree status in forestry with
availability of fully sequenced genome. Low temperature is one of the major environmental constraint
which affect plant’s survival. Black poplar has a broad diversity of proteomic, biochemical and
physiological mechanisms to cope with low temperature effects. Besides inducing different types of
responses, exposure to low temperatures triggers many pathways that bring about differential gene
expression in black poplar. In this study, four important time/temperature pointswere selected to
identify the low temperature induced genes in cold resistant and cold sensitive black poplar
individuals by using microarray techniques. The stem sections collected on September 2011
(19.32°C) was accepted as control point. The effects of low temperatures on genes were examined on
November 2011 (before cold: 1.61°C), February 2012 (during cold: -2.53°C) and April 2012 (after
cold: 13.76°C). A statistical threshold for the microarray data analysis detected a total of 3983 genes
significantly expressed (Fold Change (FC)≥5, p value≤0.01) in cold resistant individuals. Among
these genes, 1649 were significantly expressed on February 2012. Under low temperature conditions,
645 genes were up regulated and 1004 were down regulated in cold resistant genotype. In cold
sensitive genotype, 3732 genes were differentially expressed and 1817 of them (767 up regulated and
1050 down regulated) were significantly expressed on February 2012. In contrast to differentially
altered genes in the resistant genotype, low temperature had more impact on the transcriptome of the
sensitive genotype. Information generated from this study provides new data on list of possible
candidate genes involved in cold response in black poplars. The profile of differentially expressed
genes under low temperatures will be valuable for future studies on the molecular mechanisms of
chilling tolerance in woody plants.
26
Genetic Diversity in Prunus spinosa L. – Challenges in the Use of Autochthonous
Sources
Klaus EIMERT
Geisenheim University, Dept. of Botany, GERMANY
[email protected]
Genetic diversity in natural stands of autochthonous blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) of
different German provenances has been analyzed using a highly reproducible high-annealingtemperature random ampliﬁed polymorphic DNA (HAT-RAPD) protocol. The findings were
compared to those from seedstocks of the same provenances, reported earlier. Generally, genetic
diversity in the natural stands was even lower (Ho 0.099–0.116) compared to the corresponding
seedstocks (Ho 0.118–0.133). Furthermore, genetic differentiation was found to be moderate between
natural residential sources (pairwise Fst 0.138–0.184, 22.527% variation among populations), but
higher than between the seedstocks (pairwise Fst 0.086-0.104, 7.782% variation among populations).
The findings are discussed in respect to German conservation law and its practical implementation.
27
Molecular and Biotechnological Aspects of Astragalus chrysochlorus
Şule ARI
University of İstanbul, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 34134, Veznecilerİstanbul, TURKEY
[email protected]
Astragalus L. species are very old and well known curative plants with immunostimulant,
hepatoprotective, antiperspirant, diuretic, and tonic properties (1). Chemical studies performed on this
genus have resulted in the isolation of flavonoids, triterpenoid glycosides, cycloartane saponins and
polysaccharides (2,3). It has been reported that crude extracts of some Astragalus species have antiviral and cytotoxic activity (4,5).
It is the largest genus of the family Leguminosae, with more than 2000 species, and also the largest
genus, with 450 species, of flora in Turkey. About 48% of the Turkish species (218) are endemic
(6,7). In Turkey, Astragalus spp. are used primarily for the production of the economically important
gum tragacanth (2) and also for curative purposes. This species is traditionally used for wound healing
(8). Astragalus chrysochlorus Boiss. & Kotschy (2n = 16) is one of the rare Turkish endemic species
and it is listed in the Turkish red list (9). In our previous study, cytotoxic activities of stem and root
extracts of A. chrysochlorus were reported (10). Cytotoxic, antioxidant and phagocytic effects of the
transformed root extract of A. chrysochlorus were determined (11). In addition, ethly acetate extract
of roots has been shown cytotoxic effect on Hela cells (12), and antifungal activity on Fusarium
culmorum (unpublish data). Kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-galactoside and a new cycloartane-type
triterpenoic glycoside was isolated from A. chrysochlorus (unpublished datas), and this plant takes up
selenium as a secondary accumulator (13).
Successful application of plant biotechnology for secondary metabolite production requires the
development of efficient in vitro cell culture, regeneration and transformation systems. However, very
few plant regeneration systems have been reported for Astragalus spp. to date. Our group established
well regeneration systems of Astragalus chrysochlorus and Astragalus maximus from axillary buds,
hypocotyls, cotyledons and calli (14, 15), and somatic embryos ( 16). Due to A. chrysochlorus plant
has got rich biological activities and well established tissue culture and transformation procedures
(17), the plant has been studied molecular level for metabolic engineering for biotechnological
applications.
Elicitor induced cell suspension cultures of Astragalus chrysochlorus has been shown high PAL and
C4H activity the key enzymes of phenylpropanoid pathway and accumulation of phenolic compounds
of this medicinal plant (18, 19). The isolation of Astragalus chrysochlorus SMT gene (AchSMT),
which express key enzyme responsible for methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys) formation, will result in
further studies for overproduction of MeSeCys, an effective chemopreventative compound (20).
28
The Botanic Garden of the Potsdam University and its Role in Plant Conservation
Ingo SCHNEIDER & Michael BURKART
Botanic Garden of the Potsdam University, GERMANY
[email protected]
Many anthropogenic activities (wood industry, monocultures, fertilizers, pesticides and
others) have a strong negative influence on the diversity of the flora worldwide. Many plant species
are in urgent need of protection but also of our special care by ex situ culture, when we will prevent
extinction. In these fields the Botanic Gardens have a particularly high responsibility. The Botanic
Garden of the Potsdam University in connection with other Botanic Gardens of Germany is involved
by several programs in the maintenance and propagation of endangered plants in Germany and the
federal state (Land) Brandenburg and their re-introduction in nature.
29
Integration of Forest Biodiversity Conservation into Forest Planning and
Management in Turkey
Deniz ÖZÜT, Uğur ZEYDANLI, Ayşe TURAK & Can BİLGİN
Nature Conservation Centre; Aşağı Öveçler Mah. 1065. Cad. 1293. Sok. 9/32 ÇankayaAnkara,TURKEY
[email protected]
Forest ecosystems comprise nearly 65% of all terrestrial biodiversity but 90-95% of forests
do not have any protection status. Therefore the future of forest biodiversity greatly depends on how
“unprotected” forests – the matrix – are managed. One particularly effective way to conserve forest
biodiversity in the “managed forests” is through integration of biodiversity conservation into the
forest management system.
One quarter of the land area of Turkey is within the forest regime and is owned by the state.
Management of these almost all of this area is done by General Directorate of Forestry (GDF) through
a 10-20 years cycle of planning and management by regional forestry directorates. GDF adopted a
new planning system in 2004, which recognizes the ecological functions of the forest ecosystems and
aims to determine high conservation value forests for relevant planning and management.
Accordingly, GDF has been seeking to establish a methodology to determine and manage those forest
areas, where ecological function precedes the economical function and where high conservation value
forests are found.
A methodology was outlined to determine high conservation value forests in the forest planning units
and guidelines were prepared to put this methodology into practice. The methodology resides on the i)
inventory of target species and evolutionary/ecological processes ii) modelling their distribution, iii)
determining high conservation value forests through zoning, iv) finalizing the study through
assessments with the regional forest directorate. The methodology is presented and examples from 4
pilot studies are given.
30
Conservation Issues and Capacity-Building Activities of the Botanical Garden &
Botanic Museum Berlin-Dahlem (BGBM) in Turkey and the Caucasus
Gerald PAROLLY
Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, D-14195
Berlin, GERMANY
[email protected]
The wider East Mediterranean and Caucasus ecoregions play a particular role within
BGBM’s research and conservation programmes. The spectrum of activities in Turkey includes
classical vegetation studies, biodiversity research in bryophytes and different vascular plant groups
and capacity-building towards the implementing the Natura 2000 network in Turkey. Large-scale
phylogenetic studies on Acantholimon and Campanula s. l. are performed by international teams with
a strong Turkish participation. For developing transnational conservation strategies in the southern
Caucasus, the leading botanical institutions of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia and selected partners
from Iran and the Russian Federation have been brought together under the umbrella of the “Caucasus
Plant Biodiversity Initiative” of the BGBM. The present contribution will especially focus on the
ongoing project “Developing Tools for Conserving the Plant Biodiversity of the Transcaucasus”
funded by Volkswagen Foundation. Three typically “Caucasian” habitat types (Arcto-Tertiary forests,
xerophytic woodlands, high-mountain ecosystems) which at the same time are all strongly affected by
post-Soviet land-use shifts, serve as models for addressing more general conservation issues. For the
sustainable management of their natural resources, effective and easy-to-apply tools for assessing and
monitoring the plant diversity at the molecular, species and ecosystem levels are developed as a basis
for land-use planning, and conservation and management of plant genetic resources. Topics include e.
g. the conservation genetics of selected Arcto-Tertiary trees, the species characterisation and
evolution of the genus Pyrus and ex-situ and in-situ conservation measures of the almost extinct shrub
Calligonum bakuense.
31
Ünal AKKEMIK
Istanbul University, Faculty of Forestry, Dept. of Forest Botany, 34473, Bahçeköy-Istanbul, TURKEY
[email protected]
In Turkey dendrochronological studies have been started to increase during the last 20
years. Most of these studies were performed for Turkey, and a couple of them were for its neighbors.
Studies performed under two main titles: First is dendroclimatology and the second is
dendrochronology (dating). Dendroclimatology has an extremely importance for the region, because
of (1) having very short recorded climate data, and (2) having a drought problem. Based on this
importance, dendroclimatological reconstructions have been started after 2000s. According to the
reconstructions, durations of the dry years are mainly one year, sometimes two years and rarely three
years. Only one long-term dry event with five-year duration (1475-1479) was found in the Eastern
Mediterranean Basin. The field reconstructions for the years 1786-2000 showed that the years, 1790,
1794, 1819, 1830, 1840, 1851-1852, 1867-1868, 1887, 1893-1894, 1909, 1916, 1927-1928 were dry
for the western Anatolia; on the contrary, 1788, 1795, 1827, 1835, 1846, 1848, 1855, 1876, 1881,
1885, 1901 and 1919 were wet. In the last study the first streamflow reconstruction was performed for
1650-2000 of Filyos River. One long-term dry period was clearly observed during 1887-1895. This
time period had many extreme dry years, 1887, 1890-1891, 1893-1894. All these dry years were also
indicated by the historical records as famine years. Regarding with dendroclimatology our future
perspectives are to continue to develop precipitation and streamflow reconstructions for the entire
region and complete field reconstructions. Also our dendro-team was focused on dendroecological
studies such as forest dynamics and forest fires.
On the other hand dating studies revealed important results. Peter Kuniholm (recently from
Arizona University) performed many datings of historical buildings from Ottoman Empire and
archaeological sites. Our dendro-team was also performed dating studies in some historical buildings
such as Deveciler Han (dated to 1488-89), Bedesten (dated to 1425-26), Gülbahar Hatun Külliye
(dated to 1485-86) from Tokat, and the Bedesten from Merzifon (dated to 1672-73). Furthermore
Balkapanı Han from Istanbul was dated to 1768-69. This dating was confirmed the restoration made
just after the huge Istanbul earthquake in 1766. These studies will be continued by our dendro-team.
Keywords: tree rings, climate history, reconstruction, dendroclimatology, dendrochronology, dating
32
Meral AVCI
İstanbul University, Department of Geography Laleli- İstanbul, TURKEY
[email protected]
Knowing which dating methods and how they could be used in geomorphological studies
have great importance. Dendrochronology is defined as the dating of tree rings and it has many uses
in geomorphology studies. Trees grow not only vertically but also radially. Wood that develops
annually by the division of cambium just below the bark of the tree, banks up on top of each other to
form the “annual layers” and thus the radial growth takes place. The changes that occur in natural
habitats are recorded in tree rings. These changes are reflected in the width of tree rings as well as in
structural properties of tree rings and in wood densities. The master chronologies that are obtained by
measuring the widths of tree rings have certain start and finish dates and it is possible to extend the
chronologies backwards in time.
Dendrogeomorphology that developed as a branch of dendrochronology could be defined as the
dating of certain factors and processes that shaped the earth-surface by using tree rings. There have
been many developments in dendrogeomorphology studies. Dendrogeomorphology studies are based
on the concept of “process-event-reaction” and have sub topics like dendroglaciology,
dendrovolcanology, earthquakes, rock glaciers, debris flows, rockfalls, landslides, snow avalanches,
fluvial processes and dune movements. In this paper, firstly the fundamentals of dendrochronology
will be discussed and then an explanation as to which geomorphological studies can use this method
will be provided.
Keywords: Dendrochronology, dendrogeomorphology, tree rings, geomorphology and dating
33
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
34
Cypsela and Leaf Anatomical Characteristics of Two Locally Distributed Cirsium
Species in Turkey; C. rigidum and C. aggregatum
Melahat OZCAN & Mehmet DEMIRALAY
Artvin Coruh University, Faculty of Science and Education Artvin, TURKEY
[email protected]
Cirsium Miller, one of the largest genera in the tribe Cardueae of the family Asteraceae,
contains more than 250 taxa or variable number depending on the authors. The genus Cirsium is
represented 78 taxa at the level of species, subspecies and variety in Turkey. Our country is one of
the gene centers of this genus and endemism ratio is 36 %. Some morphological, cytotaxonomical and
anatomical studies have been performed on the genus by the first author. Detailed cytotaxonomical
and anatomical features of most species, distributed in NE Anatolia have been completed till now.
This study is a part of our investigations, and cypsela and leaf features of C. rigidum DC. and C.
aggregatum Ledeb. growing in restricted areas in Turkey are evaluated. The former species is early
flowering plant and the latter one has short flowering period. Moreover insects damages, they are not
distributed in wide areas in Turkey and grow limited areas. For anatomical studies, sections of
clypselas were obtained by Cryostat and handmade cross and peripheral sections of leaves were
prepared from the median parts. The species investigated have similar anatomical characteristics
found in the family Asteraceae. However, significant differences were determined in thickness of
pericarp of achenes, wideness of xylem and phloem, and trachea size and number of stomata per mm2
in the leaves. C. rigidum has two times stomata in the adaxial part that of C. aggregatum, conversely
in the abaxial parts. The significance of the results were also discussed in relation to previous studies.
Keywords: Anatomy, Asteraceae, Cirsium, Cypsela, leaf, stomata, Turkey.
Acknowledgement: This research was supported by the Research Fund of Artvin Çoruh University.
Project number: 2011.F15.02.16. We express our thanks to the Research Fund of Artvin Çoruh
University for financial support.
35
Plant Composition and Aphid Species of the Inner West Anatolian Subregion
Özhan ŞENOL1,, Hayal AKYILDIRIM BEĞEN2, Gazi GÖRÜR1 & Gizem GEZİCİ1
1
2
Nigde University, Department of Biology, Nigde, TURKEY
Artvin Çoruh University, Forestry Faculty, Botany Department, Artvin, TURKEY
[email protected]
Aphids are highly adaptive insects for various climatic and ecological conditions due to
their cyclical parthenogenetic reproduction and telescopic generations. Turkish aphidofauna include
approximately 530 aphid species. Study was conducted in Inner West Anatolian part (Afyonkarahisar,
Kütahya, Uşak) of Turkey which is the transition zone between Inner Anatolia and Aegean Region.
Main flora of the study area is Carduus sp., Papaver sp., Rosa sp., Trifolium sp., Zea sp. and also
various trees (Quercus sp., Populus sp., Pinus sp., Cedrus sp.). 219 aphid species were sampled on
about 201 different plant species in study area, and almost 30% of the determined aphid species
sampled from herbaceous plant species. Among herbaceous plants samples, Capitophorus eniwanus
Miyazaki, 1971 Hyadaphis passerini (del Guercio 1911), Macrosiphum pachysiphon Hille Ris
Lambers, 1966 and Therioaphis subalba Börner, 1949 were new entry for Turkey aphid fauna.
Therioaphis (Rhizoberlesia) riehmi (Börner, 1949) was also recored on Acacia sp. for the first time.
As a result of the evaluation of overall findings, there were also nonignorable amount of invasive
aphid species recorded. These findings should be evaluated under the fact of global climatic effects on
both plant diversity and composition of aphid species as they are closely related.
Keywords: Anatolia, Aphid, herbaceous plant, Turkey
Acknowledgement: This study was supported by the Turkish Scientific Council
(TUBİTAK-Project no: 111T866)
36
Distribution and Medicinal Features of Vaccinium genus in Artvin
Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU, Hayal AKYILDIRIM BEĞEN & Güven AKSU
Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest Botany,
Seyitler Campus, Artvin, TURKEY
[email protected]
In this study, we aimed to determine the distribution and importance of Vaccinium genus in
Artvin between 2013-2014. The genus contains about 450 species, which are found mostly in the
cooler areas of the Northern Hemisphere, although there are tropical species from areas as widely
separated as Madagascar and Hawaii. In Turkey 4 species were determined from Vaccinium genus.
Vaccinium is a genus of shrubs or dwarf shrubs in the plant family Ericaceae. The fruit of many
species are eaten by humans and some are of commercial importance, including the cranberry,
blueberry, bilberry or whortleberry, lingonberry or cowberry, and huckleberry. Like many other
Ericaceous plants, they are generally restricted to acidic soils. In field studies, Vaccinium species
were found 4 province of Artvin. As a result of their identification, four taxon were determined
(Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.; Vaccinium myrtillus L. var. artvinense Akpulat & Eminagaoglu;
Vaccinium myrtillus L. var. myrtillus; Vaccinium uliginosum L.). Their medicinal and aromatic
properties were given. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is one of the richest natural sources of
anthocyanins. These polyphenolic components give bilberry its blue/black color and high antioxidant
content, and they are believed to be the key bioactives responsible for the many reported health
benefits of bilberry and other berry fruits.
Keywords: Artvin, Blueberry, Ericaceae, Medicinal, Vaccinium.
37
Use of Plant Essential Oils Against Insects
Temel GÖKTÜRK
Department of Forest Entomology and Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, TURKEY
[email protected]
Main method to control insect pest is using synthetic insecticides, It has been estimated that
about 2.5 million tons of pesticides are used on crops each year and the worldwide damage caused by
pesticides reaches $100 billion annually. The development of insect resistance to this products, the
high operational cost, environmental pollution, toxicity to humans and harmful effect on non-target
organisms have created the need for developing alternative approaches to control insect pest. The
environmental problems caused by overuse of chemical pesticides have been the matter of concern for
both scientists and public in recent years
Natural products are an excellent alternative to synthetic pesticides as a means to reduce negative
impacts to human health and the environment. Essential oils derived from natural plant products are
easy to extract, biodegradable and do not persist in soil and water. Many plants essential oils is
particularly useful as it possesses a wide range of desirable properties for pest management and is
regarded as non-toxic to humans. Many plant essential oils show a broad spectrum of activity against
pest insects and insecticidal, antifeedant, repellent, oviposition deterrent, growth regulatory and
antivector activities. We can say repelling Essential Oils for some insects in Artvin: For Ants;
Cinnamon, Citrus, Clove, Peppermint, Spearmint -- For Aphids; Cedarwood, Lemon, Peppermint,
Spearmint -- For Caterpillars; Peppermint, Spearmint -- For Leaf Beetles; Lavender, Lemongrass,
Peppermint, Spearmint--For Fleas; Lavender, Lemongrass, Peppermint -- For Flies; Lavender,
Peppermint -- For Mosquitos; lavender, lemongrass,--For Potato Bugs; Coriander -- For Weevils;
Cedarwood -- For White Fly; Lavender, Sage -- For Moths; Sage, Rosemary, Mint, Oregano, Thyme.
How to use the essential oils; On the piece of cloth dab a drop or two of your oil blend of choice. Reapply every 3 days or after a rain. We can also put 10-15 drops of your essential oil blend into a spray
bottle with 2 cups of water. Shake the bottle very well right before use and spray your plants on the
top and bottom of the leaves to repel those harmful insects.
Finally, it is in developing countries which are rich in endemic plant biodiversity that these pesticides
may ultimately have their greatest impact in future integrated pest management (IPM) programmes
due to their safety to non-target organisms and the environment. In the future, Essential oil
compounds are considered to be an alternative means of controlling many harmful insetcs and their
rapid degradation in the enviroment.
Keywords: Essential oils, Green pesticides, Natural insecticides, Artvin.
38
Use of Plants in Remediation of Soils Contaminated with Metals and
Phytoremediation
Ayla BILGIN
Artvin Coruh University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Artvin, TURKEY
[email protected]
Heavy metal depositions into the environment are increasing as a result of increased mining
activities, urban or industrial waste, the use of pesticides and fertilizers, and exhaust gases. The
pollutants that cause soil contamination do not only stay on the surface, but also lead to the pollution
of the groundwater, together with the pollutants carried by rainwater. Pollutant carrying rainwaters
have the potential to affect negatively not only surface waters (rivers, lakes, and etc.) but also the
groundwater.
Today, many physical, chemical, thermal and/or biological methods are used in the
remediation of soil. Choosing the most appropriate method to remediate the contaminated soil
requires many factors to be taken into account, such as the characteristics of the region, the type and
concentration of the pollutant to be remediated and the intended use of contaminated soil. The
treatment of contaminated soil requires the tainted soil to be dug out, treated and replaced; however
recent years have witnessed an acceleration in-situ remediation programs. One of the methods being
used today is phytoremediation, which is relatively cheaper and more ecological when compared to
other methods. While its cost-effectiveness and practicality are among its most significant advantages,
its popularity has also grown as an environmentally friendly and economical means of treating
pollution. In particular, it has proven to be effective in the treatment of metals that traditionally take a
long time to remediate and that threaten human health and the environment. This compiled study will
analyze the feasibility and future of this method.
Keywords: Soil pollution, phytoremediation
39
Geographical Factors Affecting the Plant Diversity at the South of the Göksu
Valley (Taşeli Plateau)
İpek ÖZALP & Meral AVCI
İstanbul University, Department of Geography Laleli- İstanbul, TURKEY
[email protected]
Taşeli Plateau, which is regarded to be one of the most important karst plateau areas in
Mediterranean Region, has cusps which are higher than 2000 meters in places. It was deeply split by
Göksu River and its tributaries (Ermenek River). These features contributed to the emergence of the
microclimate characteristics as well as its plant diversity. This field within Mediterranean floristic
region corresponds to square C4 according to Davis’ grid system. Within the study area,
Mediterranean climate is dominant. However, local features such as differences in altitude and deep
split valleys lead to differences local climatic conditions. Taşeli plateau is composed of sandy gravel
layers with marl in places and sparse, sandy, gravel limestone that belong to Miocene epoch. Among
the factors affecting the distribution of natural vegetation of Taşeli Plateau are climate and soil
conditions besides geomorphologic features as altitude and aspect. Due to the presence of various
geomorphological units within the study area, different habitats are formed in short distances and thus
leading to the diversity of plant species. Deeply split valleys and karstic depressions which are formed
on the surface of high plateaus are obviously among the most prominent morphological elements,
causing the diversification of plants. The plant species represented in the field are forests, shrubs and
alpine plants. Scrub formation covering the lower attitudes where the impacts of human factors are
deeply felt is often replaced by forest formation after 700-800 meters of altitude. In addition to all
these factors, Taşeli Plateau has become one of the richest places in Turkey in terms of endemism also
on account of the effects of paleogeographical features (especially in terms of climatic changes in the
Pleistocene). This area is classified as Important Plant Areas (IPA) due to the considerable wealth of
flora and endemic species. Ermenek valley, forming the northern boundary of the study area, is also
rich in floristic aspects.
Keywords: Taşeli Plateau, plant diversity, geographical features
40
The Flora of Hereke (Kocaeli) and Its Nearest Environs
Fazıl ÖZEN, & Merve KÖSE
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, TURKEY
[email protected]
In this study, it is aimed to determine the flora of nearby environs of Hereke/Kocaeli. The
plants were collected between March 2013 - June 2014 and pressed in order to prepare them as
herbarium materials. The plants were identified according to Flora of Turkey. As results of all
assessments, 105 genus, 146 species and subspecies belonging to 42 families were determined. The
first five families in the distribution of taxa are as follows: Asteraceae 9,39%; Fabaceae 10,73%;
Lamiaceae 7,38%; Rosaceae 6,04%; Liliaceae 4,02%. Among all taxa, one species is found to be
endemic to Turkey. The distribution of taxa by the floristic regions are as follows: Euro-Siberian
elements 18.5%; Mediterranean elements 27.4%; widespread or unknown pyhtogeographic area
elements 54.1%.
Keywords : Flora, Hereke, Kocaeli
.
41
The Description of HSP70 Heat Shock Protein Genes in Populus nigra, Their
Bioinformatic Analyses and Detection of Their Gene Expression Level under Drought
Stress Conditions
Esra Nurten YER1, Mehmet Cengiz BALOĞLU2 & Sezgin AYAN1
11
Kastamonu University, Faculty of Forestry, Silviculture Department, Kastamonu, TURKEY
Kastamonu University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering,
Kastamonu, TURKEY
2
[email protected]
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of protein family which are found in living
organisms and also named in literature as stress proteins. Heat shock protein genes have a key role in
the time of stress, for instance; in regulation of salinity, drought and extreme temperature changes. It
has been aimed to find out the distribution of the HSP70 family members in genome, description of
maintained patterns, the analysis of its approximate three-dimensional structures and the comparison
of the HSP70 proteins found in other plant species by using bioinformatic methods. In addition,
expression levels of genes coding HSP70 will be researched from databases Finally, the expression
levels of HSP70 genes in Populus nigra under drought stress conditions will be studied. Therefore, it
will make way for the analysis of this important gene family's functions and the development of the
drought stress resistant plants. Furthermore, concerning the protection of our gene pools, it will enable
to build drought-enduring forests by estimating the usage of specified genes in this study as
biomarkers in gene recovery researches. Thus, basic information about the molecular mechanism of
stress in plants can be obtained and this will enable the production of new projects. As a consequence,
a new perspective will be provided for future studies in terms of the development of stress tolerance
in populus, which is an important species to meet the wood raw material deficit in Turkey, and also
for the forest trees of which the genome analyses are completed.
Keywords: Bioinformatic analyses, Gene expressions analyses, Heat shock proteins, Populus
42
SURNAME
NAME
PAGE(S)
SURNAME NAME
PAGE(S)
Şule
3, 8, 9, 28
KURT
Latif
3
ABAY
Gökhan
3, 8, 9,15
MULLER
Kai
9,19
AKKEMİK
Ünal
3, 7, 8, 9, 32
ÖZALP
Mehmet
2,3,8
AKPULAT
Aşkın
3, 7, 9,17
ÖZALP
İpek
10,40
AKSU
Güven
2,10,37
ÖZCAN
Melahat
10,35
ARSLANER
Ismail
8,9,25
ÖZCAN
Servet
2,3,7,8,9,20
AVCI
Meral
3,8,9,10,33,40
ÖZEN
Fazıl
10,41
AYAN
Sezgin
3,10,42
ÖZHATAY
Engin
3
BALOĞLU
M.Cengiz
10,42
ÖZHATAY
Neriman
3,7,9,12
BAŞER
K. H. Can
3,7,9,14
ÖZKAN
Zafer C.
3
BEĞEN
Hayal A.
2,10,36,37
ÖZÜT
Deniz
3,8,9,30
BİLGİN
Ayla
39
PAROLLY
Gerald
3,7,8,9,31
BİLGİN
Can
9,30
QUANDT
Dietmar
3,7,9,19
BORSCH
Thomas
19
SARIBAŞ
Metin
3
BURKART
Michael
9,29
SCHIEMANN
Joachim
3,7,22
DEMIRALAY
Mehmet
10,35
SCHNEIDER
Ingo
3,8,9,29
DUMAN
Mehmet
2
ŞENOL
Özhan
10,36
EIMERT
Klaus
3,7,8,27
SÖKMEN
Atalay
3,7,8,9,18
EMİNAĞAOĞLU
Özgür
2,3,7,8,9,10,16,37
SÖKMEN
Münevver
3
FINKELDEY
Reiner
3,7,9,13
TEZ
Coşkun
3,7
GEZİCİ
Gizem
10,36
TİLKİ
Fahrettin
2
GÖKTÜRK
Temel
3,10,38
TURAK
Ayşe
9,30
GÖRÜR
Gazi
3,8,10,36
Aydın
3
HANS-JOERG
Jacobsen
3,7,8,9,21
VURAL
Cem
3,8
HARPKE
Doerte
3,7,8,9,24
YER
E. Nurten
10,42
HARTUNG
Frank
9,22
YILDIRIM
Kubilay
9,26
KÖSE
Merve
10,41
YÜKSEL
Emrah
2
KOZ
Omer
3,8,9,23
ZEYBEK
Evrim
9,26
KAYA
Zeki
3,7,8,26
ZEYDANLI
Uğur
9,30
ARI
TÜFEKÇİOĞLU
43
Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Division of Forest
Botany, Seyitler Campus, Artvin.
44

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