Investigations of the rose shrimp Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas

J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment
Vol. 15: 123- 134 (2009)
Investigations of the rose shrimp Parapenaeus
longirostris (Lucas, 1846) in the Northern Marmara
Sea
Kuzey Marmara Bölgesinde bulunan derin su pembe
karidesi Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas, 1846)
üzerinde çalışmalar
Bayram Öztürk
University of Istanbul, Faculty of Fisheries Ordu Caddesi No: 200, Laleli 34470
Istanbul, Turkey. [email protected]
Abstract
Rose shrimp is one of the important commercial shrimp species in the Marmara
Sea. Data from the coastline between Silivri/Istanbul and Tekirdağ during 19871988 are presented in this paper. Sampling was performed with shrimp beam
trawling. Catch composition and stocks were investigated. In 1987 the carapax
length varied between 85 mm and 346 mm. Maximum length class was 186
mm. In 1988 the carapax length varied between 85mm and 306 mm. The
maximum length class was 126 mm. As by-catch, 24 fish species and 20
invertebrate species were caught.
Keywords: Sea of Marmara, Rose shrimp, stocks, catch composition,
by-catch.
Introduction
The Marmara Sea is a unique inland sea of Turkey and a link between
the Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea. This sea is one of the productive
fishing grounds in Turkey. At least 15% of the Turkish fishery
production is caught in the Marmara Sea.
Deepwater rose shrimp is one of the important commercial species in the
Marmara Sea. This species is exported as canned, fresh and individually
frozen, mostly to Italy, Greece, France and Spain.
123
Contrarily, commercial value in the domestic market is low. Most
important fishing grounds of this species are Tekirdağ, Silivri, Hoşköy,
Şarköy, Mürefte and Marmara Islands in the northern Marmara Sea. Due
to high demand from the external markets, there is threat for the
sustainable fisheries of this species. Stock assessment is needed for
proper management and regulation for the sustainable use of the
resource. Between 1970 and 1987, total of 3242 ton shrimp was caught
in the Marmara Sea. Annual production was 168 ton in 1970. In 1983 the
catch was at the peak level with 561 ton (Figure 1).
600
500
Ton
400
300
200
100
19
70
19
71
19
72
19
73
19
74
19
75
19
76
19
77
19
78
19
79
19
80
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
0
Yıl
Figure 1. Rose shrimp catch in the Marmara Sea from 1970 to 1987.
Devedjyan (1926) mentioned shrimp fisheries in the Marmara Sea and
Istanbul Strait (Bosphorus). Demir (1954, 1959) also reported this
species in the Marmara Sea and Bosphorus and determined four
Penaeidae species. Artüz (1967) and HAE (1967), Bilecik (1985), Erden
and Erim (1971) also studied some fisheries parameters of the deep sea
shrimp from the Marmara Sea. However, most of these works took
descriptive approaches to the shrimp fisheries in the Marmara Sea.
Parapenaeus longirostris is the most dominant shrimp species in the
Marmara Sea and found also in the Aegean and Mediterranean Sea
(Figure 2). This species prefers muddy bottom habitat. The maximum
124
depth which this species was caught from was 700 m and the minimum
depth was 20 m, but its general preference is 150 to 400 m (Holthuis
1980). Preference of water temperature is between 14-15 °C. The
maximum total length was 160 mm for males and 186 mm for females,
but they are usually shorter than 140 mm for males and 160 mm for
females. Reproduction takes place between May and July (Artüz 1967).
Geldiay and Kocataş (1968) reported that P. longirostris was found also
in Iskenderun and Mersin Bay.
Small scale fishermen depend on shrimp fisheries in the Marmara Sea.
Sustainable management of this species has not been concerned enough
by the fisheries authorities due to several reasons, such as weak
implementation of 1380 fisheries law in a fisheries circular which is the
most appropriate tool for managing shrimp and others stocks in the
Marmara Sea.
The aim of this study is mainly the stock assessment of the rose shrimp
in the defined fishing area in the northern part of the Marmara Sea,
which is a traditional shrimp fishery ground. Relations between
environmental factors and shrimps fishery and by-catch data are also
provided for the investigated area.
Figure 2. Rose shrimp.
125
Materials and Methods
This study was conducted in spring and summer seasons during 19871988 at five stations in Silivri and Tekirdağ region (Figure 3). A special
beam trawl was used, whose length was 2.5 m and cod end was 24mm.
The hauling time was 30 minutes for each sampling. Environmental
parameters, such as salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen, were
measured with a digital TSO. A special echo-sounder was also used for
the bottom topography of the swept area.
Figure 3. Sampling stations in the Marmara Sea.
The swept area was measured with the equation: S = v.w.h where S (m2):
swept area, v: speed (m/h), w: beam of the trawl (m), h: time as 30
minute.
Total area was calculated as: 1852 x 2.5 x 0.30: 1382 m2 for each
hauling.
The total number of the specimens taken during the period between 1987
and 1988 was 1232. The length from the ocular orbit to the posterior
extreme of the cephalothorax length (CL) was measured for each sample.
Total length was also measured (TL). The weight was measured up to
126
the nearest hundred grams. Sex was identified and sexual maturity in
females was also recorded. Maturity stages were determined by using a
scale of three stages based on the macroscopic examination of gonads
(development and coloring). All specimens were stored in the 4 %
formalin solutions.
By-caught invertebrate and vertebrate samples were separated after the
hauling and stored in the 4 % formalin solutions.
Fishing power analysis was also performed with the special inquiry
forms.
Results and Discussion
A total of 863 specimens, 412 in 1987 and 451 in 1988 were analyzed
according to the length groups. Among these samples, the male/female
ratio was 397/466. The minimum and maximum size distributions found
in this study are given in Table 1. In 1987, the carapax length varied
between 85 mm and 346 mm. Maximum length class were 186 mm. In
1988, the carapax length varied between 85mm and 306 mm. The
maximum length class was 126 mm (Figures 4, 5).
According to these figures, most of the shrimps were between 85- 285
mm in length. Within 85-285 mm, the frequency distribution was even,
that is, there was no peak frequency observed for any particular length
class, both in 1987 and 1988. There is no difference in frequency
distribution of length between 1987 and 1988, except that the range was
greater in 1987 than in 1988.
127
Figure 4. Total length distributions in 1987.
Total Length Distributions in 1988
Frequency (%)
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
105125
126145
146165
166185
186205
206225
226245
246265
266285
Length class (mm)
Figure 5. Total length distributions in 1988.
By-catch species of the sampling area are given in Table 1.
128
286305
306325
Table 1. By-catch species of the sampling area.
SPECIES
Fishes
Triglia lyra
Scorpaena porsus
Solea vulgaris
Mullus barbatus
Gobius niger
Merluccius merluccius
Blennius ocellaris
Raja clavata
Maena vulgaris
Arnoglossus laterna
Mullus surmelatus
Scorpaena scrofa
Raja radula
Gobius niger
Gobius capito
Zeus faber
Sygnathus acus
Trachinus draco
Uronoscopus scaber
Synodus saurus
Dasyatis pastinica
Myliobatis Aquila
Pleuronectes platessa
Hippocampus hippocampus
1987
April
May
June
July
Total
1988
April
May
June
July
Total
Total
1987+88
6
2
7
1
2
2
4
2
1
1
1
-
1
4
1
3
1
6
3
1
1
2
2
2
1
3
2
1
2
1
3
2
1
2
1
3
1
3
4
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
-
11
3
15
6
4
8
5
9
7
1
1
3
1
4
6
4
4
3
3
4
9
2
6
1
1
2
1
-
5
2
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
3
1
2
1
2
1
1
-
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
-
2
4
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
2
-
9
2
7
4
17
3
7
7
1
2
2
1
4
1
4
2
2
6
6
2
7
-
20
5
22
10
4
25
8
16
14
2
1
2
5
2
4
1
4
2
2
10
12
6
11
3
129
Table 1 continued.
Invertebrates
Vermes sp.
Ostrea edulis
Ascidia sp.
Astropecten sp.
Portunus sp.
Cardium edule
Dentalium dentale
Trutella communis
Spongia officinalis
Venus verrucosa
Bryozoa sp.
Astropecten areneus.
Astropecten regularis
Squilla manthis.
Caryophyllia clavus
Donax truncates
Asterina gibbosa.
Murex trunculus
Murex brandaris
Dolium galea
5
3
4
1
2
1
1
1
2
-
2
1
1
1
1
-
1
1
1
-
5
6
5
1
3
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
2
-
1
2
-
1
1
11
-
1
-
1
3
3
3
1
5
-
2
-
3
3
2
4
3
1
1
2
2
130
1
1
1
1
1
-
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
1
2
2
-
3
6
4
4
2
4
2
1
5
1
1
1
4
1
2
4
2
8
12
9
5
5
4
8
3
1
5
2
3
1
4
7
2
2
5
4
2
According to these data, the most abundant by-catch fish species were
Merluccius merluccius, Solea vulgaris and Triglia lyra. A total of 24 bycatch fish species were identified as in the two-year period. Zeus faber
and Mullus surmelatus were rare each with a single specimen. As for
invertebrates, 20 by-catch species were identified. A total of 44 species
were by-catch species during 1987-1988. The most abundant
invertebrate species was Ostrea edulis. Spongia officinalis and
Astropecten regularis were the rarest. Bayhan et al. (2006) reported a
total of 50 by-catch species in the southeastern Marmara Sea during their
study. Most common fish species was Gobius sp. with 12.86 %. Among
them, there found Sygnathus spp. which is a fully protected species. In
our study, Sygnathus acus and Hippocampus hipocampus were also
found. However, these two species were not yet under protection during
the study period.
Environmental parameters were also measured in the study and rose
shrimps were found between 12-15°C, 1.24 to 3.10 dissolved O2 and 3938 ‰ salinity in the Marmara Sea (Table 2). It can be seen that low
dissolved O2 level is not a disadvantage for shrimps. Salinity ranges were
also at the typical salinity level for the Mediterranean originated water
mass. These results were consistent with Holtius (1980) which reported
that this species lives up to 700 m. depth and in low oxginated waters.
A total 44 by-catch species were determined. Among fishes Merluccius
merluccius and invertebrates Ostrea edulis were in fist rank. Fishing gear
of shrimp fisheries should be modified in order to reduce such by-catch.
Total 25 shrimp beam trawls and 127 beam trawls were counted in the
Marmara Sea (Table 3). These numbers contained only 25 HP boats and
new permits should not be issued for the shrimp fisheries.
131
Table 2. Environmental parameters at the sampling stations.
Sampling
months
April
May
June
July
Stations
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Depth
(m)
40
45
50
43
70
52
57
62
73
42
46
41
63
61
79
51
52
51
60
62
Temperature
(oC)
Salinity
12
38
11
39
11
39
14
39
14
39
15
39
14
38
14
38
14
38
15
38
14
39
12
38
13
39
12
38
14
38
14
38
13
38
14
38
14
38
15
38
Dissolved O2
(mg O2/L)
1.24
1.60
1.40
2.10
1.80
2.40
2.20
2.10
2.00
3.10
2.60
2.20
2.40
2.00
3.20
2.40
2.10
2.10
2.00
3.10
Table 3. Number of boats in the Northern Marmara Sea.
Name of port
Mimar Sinan
Silivri
Selimpaşa
Tekirdağ
Şarköy
Gaziköy
Hoşköy
Total
Size of boat
25HP and 10-15m 25HP and 7-8 m
11
5
21
4
9
7
14
4
15
6
12
7
9
3
91
36
Number of boats
16
25
16
18
21
19
12
127
It is also concluded that shrimps stocks were under threat in the Marmara
Sea due to overfishing and fishing pressure in a long term. The number
of fishing boats should be limited to mitigate overfishing. This study is a
132
baseline for further studies on fisheries management in the Sea of
Marmara.
Özet
Bu çalışmada Marmara Denizi’nde önemli bir ticari tür olan Parapenaeus
longirostris, Derin su pembe karidesi’ nin 1987-1988 yıllarında Tekirdağ, Silivri
ve İstanbul arasındaki alanda Beam Trol kullanarak avcılık durumu, av
kompozisyonu ve stok yapısı irdelendi.
Karides avcılığı sırasında Algarna içine giren 24 tür hedef dışı balık tür tespit
edilirken Merluccius merluccius ilk sırayı almıştır. Avcılık sırasında Algarna
içine giren hedef dışı 20 tür omurgasız tür tespit edilirken Ostrea edulis ilk
sırayı aldı. Toplam 44 tür hedef dışı tür elde edilmiştir.
Bu dönemde araştırma bölgesinde toplam 25 karides balıkçısı ve 127 karides
algarnası sayılmıştır. Bölgedeki av baskısının azaltılması için tekne sayısının
dondurulması önerilmektedir. Bu çalışma balıkçılık yönetimi amacıyla bir altlık
olmayı amaçlamıştır.
References
Alpbaz, A. (1982). İzmir Körfezinin Başat Karides Türü olan Penaeus
kerathurus (Forskal 1775) ve bunlardan Larva üretimi üzerine çalışmalar, E. Ü.
Ziraat Fakültesi, Bornova, Izmir.
Artüz, İ. (1967). Karidesler Hakkında, Balık ve Balıkçılık 15: 1-8.
Artüz, İ. and Baykut, F. (1986). Marmara Denizi’nin Hidrografisi ve
Su Kirlenmesi Açısından Bilimsel Etüdü. İ.Ü. Çevre Sorunları Uygulama
ve Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları. No: 3.
Atay, D. (1984). Kabuklu Su Ürünleri ve Üretim Tekniği, Ankara Üniversitesi,
Ziraat Fakültesi Yayın No: 914, Ankara.
Bayhan,Y.K., Çiçek, E., Ünlüer, T. and Akkaya, M. (2006). Güney Doğu
Marmara’da Algarna ile Karides Avcılığında Av Kompozisyonu ve Hedef Dışı
Av. E.Ü.Su Ürünleri Dergisi 23: 277-283.
Bhatacharya, C.C. (1967). A Simple Method of Resolution a Distribution in to
Gaussian Components. Biometrics, 23: 115-135.
Bilecik, N. (1985). Marmara Denizi Karidesi Avcılığı, Sorunları ve Çözümü,
Tarım Orman Bakanlığı, Proje İstatistik Şube Müdürlüğü, p. 29 Istanbul.
133
Bingel, F. (1985). Örneklerle Balık Populasyonu Dinamiğine Giriş. İ.Ü.
Sapanca Balık Üretme ve Islah İstasyonu Yayını. No: 10, Sapanca, İstanbul. .
Bourguet, J.P. (1977). Sur quelques aspects de la Croissance du
Developpement Sexual et du Metabolisme Chez Penaeus japonicus et internes.
Academie de Monpellier Universite des Sciences et Techniques du Longuedoc.
These Doctora, p. 213.
Cainpillo, A. (1979). Contribution a l'etude de la crevette rose Palaemon
serratus exploitation et biologie. Revue des travaux de institut des peches
maritimes, Tome XLIII, fascicule 4.
Demir, M. (1954). Boğaz ve Adalar Sahillerinin Omurgasız Dip Hayvanları.
İ.Ü. Fen Fakültesi Hidrobiyoloji Araştırma Enstitüsü Yay. No:3. Istanbul.
Demir, M. (1958). Notes On the Litoral Penaeidae Bate (Crustacea Decapoda)
of the Turkish Waters. Proc. G. Fisb Coun. Med. 5. pp. 1 7 7 -101.
Deveciyan, K. (1926). La Peche et Pecheries en Turquie. Imprimierie de
l’Administration de la Dette Publique Ottomane, 480 p. Istanbul.
Düzgüneş, O. (1963). Bilimsel Araştırmalarda İstatistik Metodları, E.Ü.
Matbaası, Izmir.
Erden,S. and Erim, A. (1971). Karides Algarnasının denenmesi tecrübeleri,
Sayı: 2, p.17. Şirketi Mürettibiye Basımevi.
Geldiay, R. and Kocataş, A. (1968). Türkiye’nin Akdeniz sahillerinden tespit
edilen Penaidea familyası türleri hakkında. E.Ü. Fen Fakültesi serileri. No:58.
Bornova, Izmir.
Holthuis, L. (1980). FAO, Prawn of the World. No: 125. Vol.1. Italy.
Received:11.12.2008
Accepted:25.12.2008
134