`Capital City of History` Aksaray Arkeoloji M esi Aksaray Museum of

Transkript

`Capital City of History` Aksaray Arkeoloji M esi Aksaray Museum of
OCAK-êUBAT-MART 2013 JANUARY-FEBRUARY-MARCH 2013 SAYI 8 ISSUE 8
Tarihin baékenti EFES
EPHESUS ‘Capital City of History’
Aksaray Arkeoloji Müzesi
Aksaray Museum of Archaeology
Görücü portreler
Matchmaking portraits
Kastamonu Müzesi
Kastamonu Museum
Santralistanbul
Santralistanbul
Attaleia’nn kayp harfleri
Attaleia’s Missing Metal Letters
Çin’in ölümsüz ordusu:
Taé askerler
China’s immortal army:
the Terra Cotta soldiers
Savaén gölgesinde
nilüferler Monet
Lilies under the shadow
of war Monet
Bir öæretinin izinde
Hacbektaé Veli Müzesi
Following wisdom’s traces
Hacbektaé Veli Museum
MUSEUMS YOU CAN VISIT WITH
MUSEUM PASS İSTANBUL :
Hagia Sophia Museum
İstanbul Archaeological Museums
İstanbul Mosaic Museum
Chora Museum
Topkapı Palace Museum and
Harem Apartments
Museum of Turkish and Islamic Arts
ADVANTAGE POINTS :
BKG Museum Shops and Cafes
City Windows Bosphorus Sightseeing Tour By Gök Global
Faruk Yalçın Animal Kingdom and Botanical Garden
GES Shops
İstanbul Aquarium
İstanbul Archaeological Museums Shop
İstanbul Sightseeing Tours By Plan Tours
Jurassic Land
Mainden’s Tower
Rahmi M. Koç Museum
Sadberk Hanım Museum
Sakıp Sabancı Museum
Sapphire Observation Desk
Torium Snowpark
Touring Club Publications and
İstanbul Handicrafts Center
Turkuazoo Aquarium
Türvak Cinema -Theater Museum
The gates of history are wide open with the Museum Pass İstanbul. With this
card, you will be able to visit the historical and cultural treasures of İstanbul, the
capital city of three empires, whose history dates back over more than
9 thousand years, free of charge and without having to queue.
The advantages offered to holders of the Museum Pass İstanbul aren’t just
limited to this; attractive discounts await at the city’s elite private museums,
together with arts and entertainments venues, museum shops and GES Shops.
2&$.ê8%$70$57-$18$5<)(%58$5<0$5&+6$<,,668(
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EPHESUS ‘Capital City of History’
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General view of the Ancient City of Ephesus (left page, left), ruins of the Temple
of Artemis (left page, right). Front details of the Celsus Library (above, right),
a Seven Sleepers Grotto sarcophagus (below, left), representative statue at the
entrance of the Mother Mary’s House (below, right).
11
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Isabey Mosque (above), sculptures at the Ephesus Museum (below, in the box),
interior of a villa at the Hillside Houses district (right page, above) and a detail
view of the theatre in Ephesus (right page, below).
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Plate showing the direction to the “House of Love” (above, left), Latrines at
Ephesus (below, left) and a view from the Hillside Houses (below, right).
02 Ekim 2012
17 Mart 2013
October 02, 2012 – March 17, 2013
08 Kasım 2012
02 Haziran 2013
November 08, 2012 – June 02, 2013
09 Kasım 2012
14 Temmuz 2013
November 09, 2012 – July 14, 2013
Müzekart+ ile Rahmi M. Koç Müzesi’nde avantajınız var!
Hasköy Cad. No: 5 Hasköy 34445 - İstanbul - Türkiye
Tel: +90 (0)212 369 66 00 pbx Faks: +90 (0)212 369 66 06
E-mail: [email protected]
www.rmk-museum.org.tr
16
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Seljuk tombstones at the museum’s courtyard
(above, right) and earthenware vessels from the
Acemhöyük mound excavations
(below). Museum’s building,
game pieces and toy rattle
(right page).
28
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34
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35
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Cappadocia kilim, end of 19th century, from Muammer Sak’s collection (on the left).
46
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in1899 and a group of his
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“Woman with a Parasol”, portraying Camille and Jean Monet.
51
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his hobby horse, Metropolitan Museum of
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and Hadrianus Gate’s lion head carvings.
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73
ANKARA DOB
5 Ct
6 Pz
YENİ YIL KONSERİ
ATO ULUSLARARASI KONGRE VE SERGİ SARAYI
UYUYAN GÜZEL
A.A. SAYGUN’U ANMA
7 Pt
ARDA BOYLARI
8 Sa
BİR TENOR ARANIYOR
9 Çr
KARYAĞDI HATUN
OCAK
12 Ct
13 Pz
MACBETH
İSTANBUL DOB
Konser
M. Çocuk Oyunu
Konser
Modern Dans
Müzikal Komedi
Opera
Opera
R. SCUMANN LIED GECESİ
8 Sa
9 Çr
GENÇ WERTHER’İN ACILARI
WOLFGANG VE LORENZO
GENÇ WERTHER’İN ACILARI
VERDI KONSERİ
VERDI KONSERİ
Müzikli Oyun
12 Ct
GENÇ WERTHER’İN ACILARI
Bale
13 Pz
FINDIKKIRAN
Konser
15 Sa
ERGİME
M. Çocuk Oyunu
AMAZONLAR
5 Ct
11 Cm
UYUYAN GÜZEL
15 Sa
WOLFGANG VE LORENZO
GENÇ WERTHER’İN ACILARI
SİHİRLİ DÜNYA
14 Pt
GENÇ WERTHER’İN ACILARI
4 Cm
10 Pr
M. Çocuk Oyunu
SESLERLE ANADOLU
3 Pr
16 Çr
ARDA BOYLARI
17 Pr
AMAZONLAR
19 Ct
MACBETH
20 Pz
BİR TENOR ARANIYOR
Müzikal Komedi
SİHİRLİ DÜNYA
M. Çocuk Oyunu
Modern Dans
İZMİR DOB
Bale
Bale
Opera
Konser
Konser
Çocuk Balesi
Opera
ARIADNE NAKSOS’TA
Opera
18 Cm
ARIADNE NAKSOS’TA
Opera
19 Ct
ARIADNE NAKSOS’TA
Opera
Dans Tiyatrosu
20 Pz
FINDIKKIRAN
Çocuk Balesi
Konser
23 Çr
LA TRAVIATA
Opera
TÖRE
22 Sa
G. VERDI İLE AȘK
24 Pr
NOTRE DAME’IN KAMBURU
Bale
24 Pr
LA TRAVIATA
Opera
26 Ct
NOTRE DAME’IN KAMBURU
Bale
25 Cm
LA TRAVIATA
Opera
LA TRAVIATA
Opera
28 Pt
M. Çocuk Oyunu
BİR TENOR ARANIYOR
Müzikal Komedi
KARYAĞDI HATUN
29 Sa
SESLERLE ANADOLU
30 Çr
MACBETH
31 Pr
HAREM
2 Ct
3 Pz
KARYAĞDI HATUN
Müzikal Komedi
Konser
A’DAN Z’YE
SESLERLE ANADOLU
BAȘKENT ODA ORKESTRASI
MACBETH
12 Sa
BİR TENOR ARANIYOR
ŞUBAT
11 Pt
13 Çr
TÖRE
14 Pr
NOTRE DAME’IN KAMBURU
16 Ct
MDT 20. YIL GALASI
18 Pt
M. Çocuk Oyunu
Müzikli Oyun
Opera
Müzikal Komedi
Bale
Müzikal Komedi
HAREM
CAMERATA ANKARA
KARYAĞDI HATUN
21 Pr
NOTRE DAME’IN KAMBURU
23 Ct
SARAYDAN KIZ KAÇIRMA
A’DAN Z’YE
BİR TENOR ARANIYOR
LIED KONSERİ
26 Sa
SESLERLE ANADOLU
27 Çr
MACBETH
28 Pr
NOTRE DAME’IN KAMBURU
2 Ct
MACBETH
BREMEN MIZIKACILARI
DÜET KONSERİ
Bale
Müzikal Komedi
Konser
Müzikli Oyun
Opera
Bale
Opera
Konser
Dans Tiyatrosu
A’DAN Z’YE
M. Çocuk Oyunu
MART
BİR TENOR ARANIYOR
18 Pt
OPERANIN KADINLARI
ÇANAKKALE ORATORYOSU
19 Sa
SUNA KORAD’I ANMA KONSERİ
20 Çr
SARAYDAN KIZ KAÇIRMA
21 Pr
SEVGİNİN BEDELİ
A’DAN Z’YE
FAURÈ REQUIEM STABAT MATER
7 Pr
SENFONİK MİNYATÜR
8 Cm
FAURÈ REQUIEM STABAT MATER
M. Çocuk Oyunu
25 Pt
HAREM
26 Sa
SESLERLE ANADOLU
27 Çr
TOSCA
28 Pr
SEVGİNİN BEDELİ
30 Ct
TOSCA
31 Pz
BREMEN MIZIKACILARI
SERVER GANIEV’İ ANMA KONSERİ
11 Cm
15 Sa
MUHTEȘEM SÜLEYMAN
(DÜNYA PRÖMİYERİ)
16 Çr
EĞİTİM KONSERİ
Konser
17 Pr
ÇAKIRCALI EFE
Dans Tiyatrosu
19 Ct
MUHTEȘEM SÜLEYMAN
Sahne Kantatı
21 Pt
MUHTEȘEM SÜLEYMAN
Sahne Kantatı
22 Sa
EĞİTİM KONSERİ
24 Pr
SİHİRLİ DÜNYA
26 Ct
SARAYDAN KIZ KAÇIRMA
30 Çr
EĞİTİM KONSERİ
Konser
Sahne Kantatı
Konser
M. Çocuk Oyunu
Opera
Konser
Bale
M. Çocuk Oyunu
31 Pr
SARAYDAN KIZ KAÇIRMA
Bale
Opera
1 Cm
KÜLKEDİSİ
M. Çocuk Oyunu
4 Pt
KÜLKEDİSİ
M. Çocuk Oyunu
5 Sa
EĞİTİM KONSERİ
7 Pr
GISELLE (PRÖMİYER)
9 Ct
GISELLE
M. Çocuk Oyunu
Bale
Modern Dans
Konser
Konser
Bale
Bale
Konser
9 Ct
SENFONİK MİNYATÜR
Bale
10 Pz
BREMEN MIZIKACILARI
M. Çocuk Oyunu
11 Pt
MANÇALI ȘÖVALYE
Bale
12 Sa
SENFONİK MİNYATÜR
13 Çr
14 Pr
Müzikal
MANÇALI ȘÖVALYE
Müzikal
MANÇALI ȘÖVALYE
İZMİR’İN UNUTAMADIKLARI
GISELLE
14 Pr
ÇİNGENE BARON
15 Cm
KÜLKEDİSİ
Bale
Operet
Bale
MANÇALI ȘÖVALYE
SENFONİK MİNYATÜR
11 Pt
12 Sa
Konser
Müzikal
Bale
Müzikal
16 Ct
ÇİNGENE BARON
M. Çocuk Oyunu
Operet
20 Çr
SİHİRLİ DÜNYA
M. Çocuk Oyunu
21 Pr
ÇİNGENE BARON
21 Pr
ÖLDÜREN AȘK (TÜRKİYE PRÖMİYERİ)
(CRR KONSER SALONU)
Opera
23 Ct
MUHTEȘEM SÜLEYMAN
Sahne Kantatı
22 Cm
ÖLDÜREN AȘK (CRR KONSER SALONU)
Opera
25 Pt
MUHTEȘEM SÜLEYMAN
Sahne Kantatı
24 Pz
BREMEN MIZIKACILARI
27 Çr
EĞİTİM KONSERİ
26 Sa
ÖLDÜREN AȘK
28 Pr
GISELLE
28 Pr
2 Ct
ÖLDÜREN AȘK
ÖLDÜREN AȘK
M. Çocuk Oyunu
Konser
M. Çocuk Oyunu
Operet
Konser
Opera
Opera
Opera
3 Pz
ÇOCUK DÜNYASI
M. Çocuk Oyunu
Opera
Müzikal Komedi
Opera
7 Pr
FRANSA’DAN ESİNTİLER
Konser
9 Ct
FRANSA’DAN ESİNTİLER
Konser
Bale
Müzikli Oyun
10 Pz
BREMEN MIZIKACILARI
M. Çocuk Oyunu
1 Cm
KÜLKEDİSİ
2 Ct
GISELLE
4 Pt
SARAYDAN KIZ KAÇIRMA
5 Sa
SİHİRLİ DÜNYA
6 Çr
SARAYDAN KIZ KAÇIRMA
Bale
M. Çocuk Oyunu
8 Cm
SELVA ERDENER VE TURKUVAZ BEȘLİSİ
11 Pt
OTELLO
M. Çocuk Oyunu
Opera
Çocuk Balesi
Konser
Opera
MANÇALI ȘÖVALYE
Müzikal
12 Sa
KÜLKEDİSİ
M. Çocuk Oyunu
12 Sa
MANÇALI ȘÖVALYE
Müzikal
13 Çr
KÜLKEDİSİ
M. Çocuk Oyunu
14 Pr
ÇAKIRCALI EFE
15 Cm
ȘEHİTLER ORATORYOSU
Opera
Konser
BALENİN BÜYÜLÜ DÜNYASI
Bale
Opera
11 Pt
Bale
M. Çocuk Oyunu
13 Çr
MANÇALI ȘÖVALYE
Müzikal
Müzikal Komedi
Konser
14 Pr
KUĞU GÖLÜ
17 Pz
BREMEN MIZIKACILARI
Bale
16 Ct
Oratoryo
Konser
M. Çocuk Oyunu
Opera
Bale
20 Çr
WOLFGANG VE LORENZO
Opera
22Cm
WOLFGANG VE LORENZO
Opera
M. Çocuk Oyunu
24 Pz
BİR TENOR ARANIYOR
Bale
AȘKIN MELODİLERİ
(EGE ÜNİV. KAMPÜS KÜLTÜR MERKEZİ)
M. Çocuk Oyunu
TÖRE
17 Pz
SEYAHATNAME 2
6 Çr
M. Çocuk Oyunu
9 Ct
BREMEN MIZIKACILARI
SENFONİK MİNYATÜR
BREMEN MIZIKACILARI
NOTRE DAME’IN KAMBURU
SEVGİNİN BEDELİ (PRÖMİYER)
5 Sa
17 Pz
7 Pr
16 Ct
ÇOCUK DÜNYASI
Bale
Opera
KARYAĞDI HATUN
ÖZSOY QUARTET
SENFONİK MİNYATÜR
GENÇ YETENEK KONSERİ
6 Çr
SARAYDAN KIZ KAÇIRMA
2 Ct
3 Pz
16 Ct
BİR TENOR ARANIYOR
12 Sa
SENFONİK MİNYATÜR
Opera
5 Sa
11 Pt
30 Çr
Konser
SARAYDAN KIZ KAÇIRMA
SESLERLE ANADOLU
BREMEN MIZIKACILARI
Konser
4 Pt
10 Pz
KAMELYALI KADIN
Modern Dans
Dans Tiyatrosu
BİR TENOR ARANIYOR
BİR LIED AKȘAMI
8 Sa
Konser
M. Çocuk Oyunu
20 Çr
3 Pz
Bale
Konser
SİHİRLİ DÜNYA
27 Pz
Modern Dans
A’DAN Z’YE
19 Sa
24 Pz
Opera
BİR PARÇA AȘK İKSİRİ
NOTRE DAME’IN KAMBURU
17 Pz
Bale
BİR TENOR ARANIYOR
GÜNDÜZ VE GECE (PRÖMİYER)
ERGİME
Opera
M. Çocuk Oyunu
9 Ct
10 Pz
Müzikli Oyun
A’DAN Z’YE
7 Pr
26 Ct
Opera
YENİ YIL KONSERİ
(EGE ÜNİV. ATATÜRK KÜLTÜR M. A.S.O)
Modern Dans
ARIADNE NAKSOS’TA
SİHİRLİ DÜNYA
4 Cm
Bale
21 Pt
27 Pz
Konser
Bale
17 Pr
Opera
YENİ YIL KONSERİ
(EGE ÜNİV. ATATÜRK KÜLTÜR M. A.S.O)
Bale
16 Çr
Bale
3 Pr
Opera
Müzikal Komedi
Bale
Müzikli Oyun
24 Pz
BREMEN MIZIKACILARI
26 Sa
WOLFGANG VE LORENZO
Opera
M. Çocuk Oyunu
Konser
27 Çr
OSMANLI’DA OPERA
Oratoryo
SİHİRLİ DÜNYA
M. Çocuk Oyunu
ÇAKIRCALI EFE
Dans Tiyatrosu
18 Pt
EĞİTİM KONSERİ
22 Cm
ÇAKIRCALI EFE
23 Ct
OTELLO
25 Pt
OTELLO
26 Sa
BALENİN BÜYÜLÜ DÜNYASI
27 Çr
İSPANYOL GECESİ
(EGE ÜNİV. KAMPÜS KÜLTÜR MERKEZİ)
28 Pr
BALENİN BÜYÜLÜ DÜNYASI
29 Cm
KARADENİZ’DEN TABLOLAR
Konser
Dans Tiyatrosu
Opera
Opera
Çocuk Balesi
M. Çocuk Oyunu
Opera
Bale
Dans Tiyatrosu
Opera
Müzikli Anlatım
Konser
Çocuk Balesi
Konser
2013 AYLIK PROGRAM
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MERSİN DOB
ATATÜRK EVİ KONSERİ
8 Sa
ZORBA
12 Ct
KELOĞLAN’IN SIRRI
Konser
3 Pr
TÜRKÜYEM
4 Cm
1 PİYANO 4 SOLİST
5 Ct
PİYANOLU KONSER
8 Sa
BATI YAKASI HİKAYESİ
9 Çr
HAYDİ ÇOCUKLAR OPERAYA
Müzikli Oyun
Konser
15 Sa
HURREM SULTAN
Bale
16 Çr
OPERA ZAMANI
Eğitim Etkinliği
17 Pr
KELOĞLAN’IN SIRRI
Çocuk Müzikali
22 Sa
AȘK-I MEMNU
23 Çr
EĞİTİM KONSERİ
24 Pr
KORSAN
25 Cm
AYIN KONSERİ
10 Pr
BATI YAKASI HİKAYESİ
12 Ct
MEDEA
1 PİYANO 4 SOLİST
Opera
Bale
29 Sa
ÇALIKUȘU
31 Pr
SENFONİK KONSER
Konser
2 Ct
ÖZSOY
Opera
KELOĞLAN’IN SIRRI
11 Pt
EĞİTİM KONSERİ
12 Sa
CARMINA BURANA
13 Çr
KELOĞLAN’IN SIRRI
16 Ct
SESLERLE ANADOLU (PRÖMİYER)
18 Pt
OPERA ZAMANI
19 Sa
HURREM SULTAN
21 Pr
SESLERLE ANADOLU
MEDEA
KUKLACI
26 Sa
ÇALIKUȘU
28 Pr
1 Cm
SENFONİK KONSER
ATATÜRK EVİ KONSERİ
2 Ct
ÖZSOY
4 Pt
KELOĞLAN’IN SIRRI
5 Sa
ZORBA
11 Cm
OPERA ZAMANI
Müzikal
12 Ct
ÜÇ SİLAHȘÖRLER
Opera
14 Pt
KONSER
21 Pt
BİR TENOR ARANIYOR
23 Çr
EĞİTİM ETKİNLİĞİ
24 Pr
SESLERLE ANADOLU
28 Pt
ZORBA
31 Pr
ALİ BABA & 40
Bale
Çocuk Müzikali
Konser
17 Pr
DON KİȘOT
Bale
19 Ct
DON KİȘOT
Bale
30 Çr
MAVİ ENSTRÜMAN
31 Pr
LALE ÇILGINLIĞI (DÜNYA PRÖMİYERİ)
Eğitim Etkinliği
Opera
2 Ct
DON KİȘOT
5 Sa
FİGARO’NUN DÜĞÜNÜ
Müzikli Oyun
Bale
6 Çr
MÜZE KONSERİ
7 Pr
MEVLANA’NIN ÇAĞRISI
Bale
9 Ct
MEVLANA’NIN ÇAĞRISI
Bale
Bale
Opera
4 Pt
ÜÇ SİLAHȘÖRLER
7 Pr
MADAMA BUTTERFLY
9 Ct
ALİȘ VE MAVİȘ
M. Çocuk Oyunu
11 Pt
ALİȘ VE MAVİȘ
M. Çocuk Oyunu
14 Pr
SEVGİLİLER GÜNÜ KONSERİ
16 Ct
ÜÇ SİLAHȘÖRLER
18 Pt
ALİȘ VE MAVİȘ
20 Çr
EĞİTİM ETKİNLİĞİ
21 Pr
BİR TENOR ARANIYOR
22 Cm
OPERA ZAMANI
28 Pr
IV. MURAT (PRÖMİYER)
2 Ct
IV. MURAT
4 Pt
ALİȘ VE MAVİȘ
Bale
Opera
13 Çr
UYUYAN GÜZEL
14 Pr
FİLM MÜZİKLERİ KONSERİ
Konser
M. Çocuk Oyunu
BATI YAKASI HİKAYESİ
18 Pt
HAYDİ ÇOCUKLAR OPERAYA
Müzikli Oyun
19 Sa
BATI YAKASI HİKAYESİ
20 Çr
MAVİ ENSTRÜMAN
Eğitim Etkinliği
21 Pr
1 PİYANO 4 SOLİST
Eğitim Etkinliği
22 Cm
1 PİYANO 4 SOLİST
Eğitim Etkinliği
Müzikal
MÜZE KONSERİ
Müzikli Oyun
İKİLİ BALE (TÜRKİYE PRÖMİYERİ)
M. Çocuk Oyunu
Konser
M. Çocuk Oyunu
Bale
Müzikal
Eğitim Etkinliği
Bale
Opera
Konser
16 Ct
Konser
M. Çocuk Oyunu
Müzikal Komedi
Bale
25 Pt
UYUYAN GÜZEL
26 Sa
İKİLİ BALE
28 Pr
LA TRAVIATA
Opera
Bale
M. Çocuk Oyunu
Eğitim Etkinliği
Bale
Konser
Konser
2 Ct
İKİLİ BALE
Opera
4 Pt
HAYDİ ÇOCUKLAR OPERAYA
7 Pr
1 PİYANO 4 SOLİST
Çocuk Müzikali
Bale
14 Pr
KORSAN
16 Ct
SESLERLE ANADOLU
18 Pt
ÇANAKKALE ȘEHİTLERİNİ ANMA KONSERİ
19 Sa
EĞİTİM ETKİNLİĞİ
20 Çr
KELOĞLAN’IN SIRRI
Bale
Müzikli Oyun
Konser
Eğitim Etkinliği
12 Sa
MACBETH (PRÖMİYER)
Opera
14 Pr
MACBETH
Opera
15Cm
MÜZE KONSERİ
16 Ct
GÜLDESTAN
18 Pt
ȘEHİTLER ORATORYOSU
19 Sa
İKİLİ BALE
20 Çr
MAVİ ENSTRÜMAN
UYUYAN GÜZEL
Çocuk Müzikali
Konser
Opera
Bale
PİYANOLU KONSER
Konser
MÜZE KONSERİ
Konser
CARMEN
Opera
1 PİYANO 4 SOLİST
30 Ct
LA TRAVIATA
EĞİTİM ETKİNLİĞİ
11Pt
1001 GECE MASALLARI
14 Pr
ALİ BABA & 40
20 Çr
OPERA ZAMANI
21 Pr
SESLERLE ANADOLU
23 Ct
LA BOHÈME
Opera
25 Pt
LA BOHÈME
Opera
28 Pr
ÜÇ SİLAHȘÖRLER
30 Ct
ALİȘ VE MAVİȘ
M. Çocuk Oyunu
TÜRKÜYEM
29Cm
8 Cm
Bale
Opera
Eğitim Etkinliği
Eğitim Etkinliği
23 Ct
DON KİȘOT
CARMEN (PRÖMİYER)
M. Çocuk Oyunu
Oratoryo
21 Pr
28 Pr
Opera
Modern Dans
Müzikli Oyun
Bale
Konser
Opera
M. Çocuk Oyunu
Bale
Eğitim Etkinliği
30 Ct
Müzikal Komedi
Opera
Çocuk Müzikali
OPERA ZAMANI
28 Pr
Konser
Eğitim Etkinliği
Konser
12 Sa
AYIN KONSERİ
Bale
Konser
Eğitim Etkinliği
22 Cm
Eğitim Etkinliği
Bale
OPERA ZAMANI
ÇALIKUȘU
Bale
Opera
6 Çr
21 Pr
ZORBA
M. Çocuk Oyunu
23 Ct
25 Pt
M. Çocuk Oyunu
Müzikal
Konser
SATILMIȘ NİȘANLI
9 Ct
BREMEN MIZIKACILARI
5 Ct
Konser
26 Ct
ZORBA
4 Cm
Konser
15 Sa
7 Pr
Müzikli Oyun
Eğitim Etkinliği
Çocuk Müzikali
EĞİTİM KONSERİ
ATATÜRK EVİ KONSERİ
SESLERLE ANADOLU
Bale
14 Pt
4 Pt
3 Pr
OCAK
7 Pt
Eğitim Etkinliği
ŞUBAT
OPERA ZAMANI
SAMSUN DOB
Bale
Müzikli Oyun
Bale
Eğitim Etkinliği
Opera
M. Çocuk Oyunu
MART
4 Cm
ANTALYA DOB
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Aksaray
Ihlara Vadisi Örenyeri Ihlara Valley
‡
08:00 - 17:00
08:30 - 18:30
(382) 453 7701
Ankara
Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi
Museum of Anatolian Civilizations
‡
08:30 - 17:30
08:30 - 19:00
(312) 324 3160
Alanya Kalesi Castle of Alanya
‡
08:30 - 17:00
09:00 - 19:30
(242) 735 7337
Aspendos Örenyeri
Aspendos Archaeological Site
‡
08:00 - 17:00
09:00 - 19:00
(242) 238 5688
08:00 - 17:30
09:00 - 19:00
(242) 871 6820
Noel Baba Müzesi St. Nicholas Museum Pazartesi Monday
Simena Örenyeri
Simena Archaeological Site
‡
08:00 - 17:00
09:00 - 19:00
(242) 874 2022
Antalya Müzesi Antalya Museum
‡
08:00 - 17:00
09:00 - 19:00
(242) 238 5688
Myra Örenyeri Myra Archaeological Site
‡
08:00 - 17:00
09:00 - 19:00
(242) 871 6821
Olympos Örenyeri
Olympos Archaeological Site
‡
08:00 - 17:00
09:00 - 19:00
(242) 892 1325
Patara Örenyeri
Patara Archaeological Site
‡
08:00 - 17:00
09:00 - 19:00
(242) 843 5018
Perge Örenyeri
Perge Archaeological Site
‡
08:00 - 17:30
09:00 - 19:00
(242) 426 2748
Phaselis Örenyeri
Phaselis Archaeological Site
‡
08:30 - 17:00
09:00 - 19:00
(242) 821 4506
Side Müzesi Side Museum
Pazartesi Monday
08:00 - 17:00
09:00 - 19:00
(242) 753 1006
Side Antik Tiyatrosu Side Antique Theatre
‡
08:00 - 17:00
08:00 - 17:00
(242) 753 1542
Termessos Örenyeri
Termessos Archaeological Site
‡
08:00 - 17:00
09:00 - 19:00
(242) 423 7477
Afrodisias Örenyeri
Aphrodisias Archaeological Site
‡
08:00 - 17:00
08:00 - 19:00
(256) 448 8086
Milet Örenyeri Miletus Archaeological Site
‡
08:00 - 19:00
08:00 - 19:00
(256) 875 5562
Didim Örenyeri
Didyma Archaeological Site
‡
08:00 - 19:00
08:00 - 19:00
(256) 811 5707
Assos Örenyeri Assos Archaeological Site
‡
08:00 - 17:00
08:00 - 19:00
(286) 721 7218
Troia Örenyeri Troia Archaeological Site
‡
08:00 - 17:00
08:00 - 19:00
(286) 283 0061
Gaziantep
Gaziantep Zeugma Mozaik Müzesi
Gaziantep Zeugma Mosaic Museum
Pazartesi Monday
08:00 - 17:00
08:00 - 17:00
(342) 324 8809
Hatay
Hatay Müzesi Hatay Museum
Pazartesi Monday
08:00 - 16:30
09:00 - 18:30
(326) 214 6168
Antalya
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Pazartesi Monday
09:00 - 17:00
09:00 - 19:00
(212) 520 7740
Ayasofya Müzesi
Hagia Sophia Museum
Pazartesi Monday
09:00 - 16:30
09:00 - 19:00
(212) 522 1750
Kariye Müzesi Chora Museum
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Wednesday
09:00 - 16:30
09:00 - 19:00
(212) 631 9241
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Museum of Turkish and Islamic Arts
Pazartesi Monday
09:00 - 17:00
09:00 - 19:00
(212) 518 1805
7RSNDSÈ6DUD\È0]HVL
7RSNDSÈ3DODFH0XVHXP
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Tuesday
09:00 - 17:00
09:00 - 19:00
(212) 512 0480
7RSNDSÈ6DUD\È0]HVL+DUHP'DLUHVL
Harem Apartments
6DOÈ Tuesday
09:00 - 15:30
09:00 - 17:00
(212) 512 0480
Bergama Asklepion Örenyeri
Bergama Asklepion Archaeological Site
‡
08:00 - 17:30
08:30 - 19:00
(232) 631 2886
(IHV0]HVL(SKHVXV0XVHXP
‡
08:00 - 17:00
08:30 - 19:00
(232) 892 6010
(IHVgUHQ\HUL<DPDoHYOHU
The Terrace Houses
‡
08:00 - 17:00
08:00 - 19:00
(232) 892 6010
6W-HDQ$QÈWÈSt. Jean
‡
08:00 - 17:00
08:30 - 19:00
(232) 892 6011
Bergama Akropol Örenyeri
Bergama Akropolis Archaeological Site
‡
08:00 - 17:00
08:30 - 19:00
(232) 631 0778
(IHVgUHQ\HUL
(SKHVXV$UFKDHRORJLFDO6LWH
‡
08:00 - 17:00
08:30 - 19:00
(232) 892 6010
Cennet-Cehennem Örenyeri
Chasm of Heaven and Hell
‡
08:00 - 17:00
08:00 - 20:00
‡
Kayaköy Örenyeri Kayaköy
‡
08:30 - 20:00
08:30 - 20:00
(252) 614 1150
6HGLU$GDVÈSedir Island
‡
08:00 - 18:00
(252) 214 6948
Kaunos Örenyeri
Kaunos Archaeological Site
‡
08:30 - 20:30
08:30 - 20:30
(252) 614 1150
Knidos Örenyeri
Knidos Archaeological Site
‡
08:30 - 19:00
08:30 - 19:00
(252) 726 1011
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Mausoleion
Pazartesi Monday
08:00 -17:00
08:00 -19:00
(252) 316 1219
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Bodrum Museum of Underwater
Archaeology
Pazartesi Monday
08:00 - 17:00
08:00 -19:00
(252) 316 2516
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The Dark Church
‡
08:00 - 17:00
08:00 - 19:00
(384) 271 2167
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Özkonak Underground City
‡
08:00 - 17:00
08:00 - 19:00
(384) 513 5168
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Derinkuyu Underground City
‡
08:00 - 17:00
08:00 - 19:00
(384) 271 2167
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Göreme Open Air Museum
‡
08:00 - 17:00
08:00 - 19:00
(384) 271 2167
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08:00 - 17:00
08:00 - 19:00
(384) 278 2500
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08:00 - 17:00
08:00 - 19:00
(384) 271 3535
6PHOD0DQDVWÈUÈSümela Monastery
Pazartesi Monday
09:00 - 16:00
09:00 - 16:00
(462) 531 1064
Trabzon Ayasofya Müzesi
Trabzon Hagia Sophia Museum
‡
08:00 - 17:00
09:00 - 19:00
(462) 223 3043
(212) 518 1205
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