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ConlenlJ
carron conhvrnr: tlnd$6ndinr rl'epolititsofculruref.itk
on-shre Rd.rions 8nd Poliiic'r ft'ndormltion
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Relqlioni
Religior!-Slote
Trordormolion
Inlu*ey
Politicql
Thr n m) litsr visnd! lnii lr0d rnd I ammst plcNd roh: heEon rlrf nurion
ofrheBnu! unralny or rheFrlsririatr.
A Nole on Terninology
lriLl mn{nhrnoreonEmiiorosyi
in, .Jl)nBl field{h{e ndrd-J'rhiig.!tr berddns r mntF ol trcr \rrehrrN
. Lsl inm €aD\ hererodetJ*nh ryh
Scu dis . Seu rir{ seo'lr. ed Rcrollrio.rnii Abot ^ {.ll r Dn (rks.
ldjsm lrrom f,din saculuh h.lnlig ..tury: rhddoi !, loden'pomry ) is a
h g.tdly
n.rnr
lenedly usedr EnsBh spcrrins m(r l $nN otdn*
.rr, 'o' ol
Pr .
iry: r s.ulrr so.ntyr one*hurclor.denry i\ br\.d d : EDpod G.3..
Trr dn lrcism is rlien 10soo'l& $.ictics rrese pfdo'nn'rndy Probninr
so.ictioshavccithv subduedlne Cb,'nh .nd push.dit to irs sfnitusl spbeRby a
Longdd efledve shssle kd by rhe tnpod powd (rhi.re of EiSlDd in
panicul.t. or $cy havcDtnins to fer of rheChurh becduscrhcyhG.orically
by pasedFctrd nn asa (rio{.otromic sysEn. rnd thearoc Lheyhavenevd
expdcmedReligmn6 ften '.oh.sionideologl"dld Ood6 $en'rocusor
$pnme royrrry"(dr wNb oldn Eeines rilc rhcusA, Ausftli!. clmda. er.) .
h dor$eShtoyrRuligioi;.Ir
riicisd in rhctumh.xpsien€mrs de heavy
ordE
cnholic
cbtrd
dunngftc MiddleAsA dd
nemsfron LLle
hisbn. sutimry
rhesusessrdl4hr ofrhcFerb h.qmi\ie rsxiN n.Tnisisalsorh.Tu*kh deliiitioi
or ii. nli\orsh$e uillns ol rherso d.fiiiriois difftr r lor rheTldi!h dcliniioi nemr
rmfl rhehnb'i. spnnlq ot 6c Srlt old Rdigior noronl! i" rheotomrn Enpirc
ftftish R.pDhlicinh.'iredir rrcmrhe
burde ir drckl.qd Middk Enremregiotr.11c
olbis' $d rheononm\ itrhsiredir non Byadiun.lxc Oiom,' E npetrrsuhs)
rcedcdLhri,Ak or rlrecheikul Llin (L\ebed of Lhc0hnai tliglous synen)to
tsdiraUbenrtdedwNro'lis.haigehii'ton
beheidrsubjod.buriicNhecouldtr
oflle md sa de,/a^{ fon rh. m{ cheLk{llslfl ln Byariun thcEmpm. vlntus
hadmmprebdsupEmrcyor$ $0 CrcckOdrodorParimh'
''R.vohdotrIrcn rboE is rheElormprl4r ot rhcpdr] bou4eoisndkduds ir
dc\dophg.ou,!id vho try ronakcdNep'€.chiig .hmse\in ndery by .hmgingrbc
L{sorbc.omrq Ilsh.n *inpk ispmbiHy$. x.ndh rtsimeh Tu*ey.his n !
''shodof'ol counch.elr in.o$ti.s wh.r intmd dlmnics m qusi shsMd llre
b.qeorie ismr derloprd.rid rhttrotr rhrteis nod lihled.nird rorrcroms non
rk@
dFdm.l:hdhl&!hlfuMdkfu{$@Jr
tu r&rh
dr okdnlisdo
rrej46@r
ldd'fuchfutFllsoffidPoa.dwa
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r \!c Rceo
ft h ra nJiih
in b r!,(
s lneEforc.
iitlbdulli ur lne nrndolrhr sbre (fromlbok)bqdrhc
urionmdbnldavri.ry llErc 'n.dod' hsbnd"r'God nthesnrcor$EEignll
6u^q rhcEir il*uyj! bill b pry tor sodehl shotu$! heft rhisbill is pdidar
rk..rLe' !n'ibci .nd lirrsr
{ll
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' phrl..n.ro'h,
d. kr r pd Ltse rd
l
h c f o r 4 n d ' h .R . . r . r . n (
i o sc i. rcrtd l\*kh spe'iem. putjsldy siic |997
tn l92r Tu*Ey !ficd 3 wolDrioi rrom$ove Kcmalismk nrove to can) rhe
mntry rrcmcod io Narim.7r? n4r.a
sniiaries verc dovd dd evofthi'lg w$ febuihwnn L\e rim ro sculanT: the
@mq nlroushrhehicnr policy.r rh. srM
Tn.E {a\ a rrtion to i( !r rhc fi6
Edgious$hools(houghmt rhe',/rdr,t.
Demokd lDcncmrl Pafryrc opened
Again, as n Facrion ro thh mcnon $ere Nas a Llirisl bilirlry .oup d E.4t on
As r rmtio. roii at$e fid fEe elEriodt in 1965ocoplcoveshel'n'nsly eleccd
AdNlertJtrsriftl Pd,y underDemiEl,a codriiultid or theDemokldP:ny.
A1lrhi\proc.scm be$hemarizedfollows:
1923R!VO!U'I1ONIRoMA!oVE llricisr dtiotr):> 1950ELEmON bopul,r
(populuFacrioi)
rrction)+ 1960
CO!P(lrci{ Erdon):>1965 EI-ECTION
Nrtunlln rh* n be r reerid ro .h. Ntome or rhcD.mirel nsinc als. Bd
dr.ono on. troulderpar fla prlio'
Tdjsh cxpericnce.Quit b de conftry, &is re&rion is lslanisl' (quoterd
uoquotl)in oubme 0!resr.
Thisis e hsrus r veryspe.dyindu$rialdevelopn.d underDemnelopcnsrhc
sry ror fte nseofso impond s@iallorc6: nc t4fr md rheKrds. Tlmslded
(comunis)
imoT$kish politicrr tminolosy, n Hdr "The 2 r$", (,'ralr
ve {ar{&[ (KuJdkm Kurdkh natiom]nm).Tt.1930 oup orth. Milisry k a
sdion ro.he2 (s h ri.s romnihilaEborhmoemenb,md npuQotu rorDlee
de idcologicalv@u!mby stensn\eninsIslamasa sill pstE .
or cos., tbc Milihry h iispired by rwoorherdevelopmnbaswdl whilh @
tu!.Extmlldyiinhs:rh. c'enBela poliqonh.usdrh!riNrlrlcqdirJ
kns!scll.odtrivdtrlrionpro-rtumd..m
{$n[dionrodilulrioiL .l'iftirrioul
crpilrl.rrri!loE pri!$3o u0ld vrses-qodos )
Td rr up.thc \.!-c Ksmi5r Tullini lviliL4 i".otrlurdionwith theGnnd
-rhcofi.ixiLdeologr
r
Eourg$i\hussrlilion xgrinnrrr!lrt Md rlr!Kul(rl
hcsii n Lqdold:l)Arclt.rioi !icro.Jlnr
m rihni! |ltrnr rheR.frh flvdl$l Rdih Prnr-(RPiui(rs Nclhc( ii nr[rkm
or 1995w
cme liN in rhccLrcliotr\
p{cedrsq :) Th! n\c or rheIrL e.4trrl xl$.dl.d GNcnctrikl or
.lSLAMIST'I{LITARY COUPOF
I 9R3 O : >
I]SEPTFI\IBE
LAICIST"POSTMOI)ERNCOUP'OF
lLricrtm.rionl
REFAHPARTYELECTIONIICTORY
(j''\]ad d pdpuh lllln)
RPconcslo poserandstarh to chane€
RoLl'h
Phy lRP)o..ecomf-qtopowerirr$as ir {rs r spoilcdlhj d \fio
h lrind crstrhiis d ome
Edlb.kn. rheprnr erd{ lnd dii! nitni\tct. -trr'tti( Iat th. R.tah Pdr^ n
itbrnat tittt \t 'ki's lot th. (tahhr/tr,t o/ /lorun orLr'M9l ) and'NdL
rtt! t!({nt i\tdh.,
htar\itlr.rr.arodhlrot
t\ hl'nn:trd kdnsan
minntf nor (lrlr6JoIAKP (J$ri.clnd
D.1cr,,plncit
Pdr). lThcj srrl !
r o r r i r i , ,t i N r l i d o r r ' G d d l r a J n l n r r r i r l , i ! / i ! r " ( l 9 q l ) s e v k i Y j n r u
n.i. t )r tht Hi:brtkrh lHnb i '\tlar.lir!i,lLr"m'si"s:Tl'. Pdl ol codl.Nindr
ti!ft ru irt .f l nttur h Hi.btttdtr. Iho! \'ho tp nd Hi.r"tt'th. t'! Hi.h i
sirirrtncrr lnreams ThcPmLyotD.rtt.sukruKudqLr|{mr),oror
xarsri\rred.-n?/i',?rar.d tr?7trdirv,&.2-? Lr,,rh.mcmLimet
nr
Ltnni,a \h.ntt1t.t joq?t th. p.ea1 !rut!!
4\1 hlk it:it1t trrt.
1996):
Il\l (cmlr ^rtu.kl (dd ,.4 rrir.r,, l]n{r } Abturknchs rherc*m'
ofr' sl t ,1 iot 4 \,r ,,t( hr.h."
Andof.ou6crr'ecnrhndmcrhi.i{rx.d.b
i i r l s i n i m r h . !, } N y r o
roan.u'o icirldcdmrion.irh.!ll-p.\erfutNd'omlSrcurir) Coun.it.a
. iicl rhs dc.t,fdnf mxdeonFebjuxry
13. 997rn,r.Dnpuk.nrJ!tgnedhJ prnc l\{iiir(Erhrrri {iltbe.alrd I
$ppon of Pr.sidcnlDemirel.rbeyhxdrhr lmon oI F o mpodrd demeft or
I rhegdidboqeorie($hohrdhlr'h. lsrmxf coupor1930h.!xu!!
tr {drrnid of.om'nM d'rrL 'im
bccrufrbe'en mcondiurnn Nr! oift.orhul trd dEijlirf)loup
\. d" .. , t..
,f^ .,' b,r1.:,
I Th! civll so.idy ! th ri'n.lrld romerhLng
rery imp.nrnr vhich
htrPpencdwhi.htr,rrh.ssnnuLmridenrl
Th sirLhcfA(i'nerhc .Deep
slxr_ dn.\ i,no.pcn dhou-2hit
i| 'otriflclotr lirh
Rluus olrhn \uddrn dn..\tq. $..ivil:otidl
{ho {rns rbe Asi\e ro0ulrr deno
o'gmrdLor
lL'gdidonlYrhi:n
bd rlrcRNhlrPrD ak
N udio$
borhrA'xs ol Lhd'k lmnr
..uD oI I980 nrL h udcrgo imrflr
"o;s \6^,[ ri.\ [d h!\ son \!ho do*tr\ hfr! r dn\i0: lidne vd n tsr
riliit) or
rlrNdcs cL Cotrp.rid o,rlv{rh \ tl- n)rr' lr 5hdd.a bdursrois
dN hludhG is \!dll unl$ ltY
llic I
r!i,.orcsiin!
Th! *dd
dnLrd : n0' *enkriYc n Musl^ D r 'otrnrut
mdnn
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crDihL:Thn
1,,""i.i,-.,r.*""
likel0billiorus
nt*t',.t' *""c\rluftdr{somcrhi'i-q
dlrl$.b$ h!(f i. r ft ! 90irlr.mrinnrlntrof rhel5lNk ndeff 'lddro's
lhcrt voLhrc ro.o\cr )ouhrn uid J)fu)ljrt iDcs I drr in o'dr ro b!
lllustAD i5 tLlroveB nnLch.!r'nslsneLrr
dnir.dm\irhr(hoLm[ip
mcFNr' i{trd or
soul,.lbr c\pedld
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bdrn
ir
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s
m
d
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-liveihrrh.Iski[ulccne'rlcor\ul[.of
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orcours..thisimponlr rrnsfomdiondo$.or -!o!irhoursometrrLortom
fi. Prn nenrhcroncorrhln sfil
\u't't i^t !v-l.d ka" r, bd\k Mlllitt (.rittt^^. bnt 11P)bt'drtl
seru|lxfterrricdo\urcolRPdiesdde'
!,rt /ll^ so eol rheseplo|)le{ill
llr]j)oinc\slPdy a! n$$eAKP
AKP comesto po{er dnd slarts to change
-Ponmodlm
'oud do€\noruit
Rcxcrtun
rothe23.rFcbnuol99rlri.i{
''l:
'.
rh
nd '
' r^ond
.' 'F" aC rri"'in
l l{lhd ool ' \ "
duio!\sEcirLLvonc!fr ir!rbcqu*rioiorrh5cil(r'n eiudor\!ih'rcil
m nin ilntrtd rodi'lersl(ictespc.iilvuirLllhc SrsboursCod (Eurole!tr
r990s
rcfirsedL.yhsilrii\app|icdioibyolitrgi\diheEil
viol.lioi! Atur rhh2'rof rune2004dc.hion,. head-on
rhe"hi.isrl andthe_fuidan.iralii{in 2005.
d.tuJ
mc.ri!!eR,l hJ!1,,hlltr Ln.rheinremrl
dyi.micsofTu*cyi1{
e 19E0s
TlErc rhekey mn.epr Ms sloMlizarion.Olobdizdion mms conpdson rnd
Idmi{s loot ii rh. Inrener or l\lrmisr TelevisianbmsdcNirg. rd sded ro
Mpaa rheo ro .h. ousidewond.O.e or theouside6 rheylookd ido rs the
Eliperns. This gavcrhcn $lf confidcnccbeiusc Edopeds G .iso heavily
h inc 90s.iderc$ rEe bankingvas o
imponot thirAws rh8trhehlm'irrs sbntd very"nod.m" thi.Asio. onlyklrmh.
Teleyniodposramsmdhlahis!iepspipe
butIshm "CreenPop.hrdro!k,
md meralrocksroups6 wcll. hlamkt nandnp nm *ere $?thed {nh much
s"li6h'edoN$hi!n|j!jo|cthjttl
i.rerr.Oieorfter{rntdr\ho{n,
hc rrvci er.
homo]l.trduri'ig
lhenmlg|,n$&jltb\ilNl|rlishnbrm
liri! Qresjir org b!un. Mlrh
Fdjl,ld hs PoouLrsflrh bdroi5\u.h s,'crylIu\lin trK.Eol.0iduis.
'
idux. f.! S.x.Po!tr rft. m' nrm\ti Pi$
onyodiig. Gl'}Prnoi lllnL n Pom.
d a visr you sd rlii yourplttrd ro !o
rrcly oi rlt rEds m{ybrh rld r,{f[oJIirM ir rheprk roholdhid.\!ih
h i m . ! m o r . , d - e r d . . L l m a l h r k nA\ \ i $ v i r h i u r r o u c o u L d d r r o o u r i 0 [ ! c
'rhe2000s
l d ,!on!bmlruPr:H ullrh s d.\Ptrld
rh.lq qirNril s EU.Tne.Islrmis d!
irtonlng ir he.rsc nsrrlmsili.
thui. burrhir i\ nor.norgh h errl! i it rll ELrn simplyinrloncni: xid
Lftidonni"3rhrsrouprhd nrmf6 (lE n.{. rle klrmsN
Ccniii rorkpa rhl hd rhcsm! me!ni'r!l ort hrvems d'ILrenlnclftrgl
i'15orrlrhlanrinirlilioimddd s. |]oLr $ rnd ponici.n.'1tr{tr.1]
i.fi.
'lhk is mtxn l\ldric rhiig.htr'ir it tro'
urdii.d eirbc',rheEloRI $i do lr" so mf.h chrnle.ourdi.r Por{bLyh
eDbn cdbr RP.fhus.AXPnbon
opcrlr.rhr6rhc_f gn!01r otr ofrreTurrihsunin h LLrrlihr. r!
r!
pLoj.d'onin foRignlx)lltiAKP n mortprc Us andno( ndlMrirn
Fo,rhoscii Trltcy vh0c.i ild drf
pmcrrril?. n,!hln! dkl diis Protnrdi^ion \h.trLdmn bc d'flnflr h
. o m p r e h e i dj u: j
Bdpnrmorhrrxrrhra\nora\sinp
To nseMinqupy,u s lods lgaii, TD
rb'. tror* 'lr l.'\er'tl4.p
'ilnJ'iunbt klr qudioninl
d, btr(ftn is ihc very frclan r0hosh(slt
dd..i hebeneroidsb.d irl $y $ar
cadrolics
ft.renms .hc x.'n,lh$ *e be.omin-s
-rhishfifomdio\olifyou\odesiE
-rurkey:
*!!es thd nodcnttdnodemizs
nr inp@ror &nxlhr (trdioidirm).
(imemarionalism).
nreE is m 'nreE('ns
Th. inper or globdiudiotr
Elr{ionshipberue.. rhr r{o rhd om w
In 1920s
Kcnl|nn mader rvolurio
rron belo{,lneLlmji Etrion.
b io rhe2L{xJsAs rhe]a.k of dcnandto'n
dris
is
r
rvolunon
ft.n
aboveasain,EU hmonianion pacr.g(
bdor .onrinucs.
dicraredby rheCop.nh.gcncii.ctia rcqunedby Tn*isb crndldacyto rheEU.
Bur ther k i rery inpotunr choge rhisrinei rh*e pmhg$ ft supponedby
AKPpaniculdyAnd.vho ir AX?l Thegtundlbildrcn
of $or trhobsdpiven
rhercerion rnn belowrorheKemiin rvolution fbd lboye in the20sr
Therc$oi pmMbly liesin de hd $at (o m impodaddesrc) Tu ish [email protected]
hls bcci seuhnued by de laicisrpolicyor rrm,lism duine eishrdecadesThk
B a pdiriYs gndc tor Kcnllhn
otr rheorhtr hmd, &is ideology.dd novcmcn.dcsdles r negdnr gEders well
1. B{oe ir *er rbrerormsfomtrkey bd $ryedwelrbehiidb(!us ! *s
lnibL.o tusfm i*lf, rs nyqudificdotr cdholic'hm aleadysu!34t'1.
Kenalns hlve b€i unable.o sd a p
2. More impodndy. X.malh6 m no
b€lo{" ro the sond waveof rcvolulioi iion aborein dre2000s.Tlis
rcacnoncm b. cilld "rh. SUvd Penoja" alddy nentiooedn
nDh.lc 5. Kematisnx\erypmscsnd fortnem in rhel9l0\ hrs hcdnt
rhcsht Thh p.oasroi beschem{trrl
I
.r whrasmore.rhndar.olb! ns i\ J \clrdenidId K.'nrlrmb.uus. rlt
con.rr!Miofrrnm ri\
of trndcntcYdoped
rr! *knft ol lh( pmrorlpc
in ALd['ki mdi i'.Por0r moro b
i
cniltriion. conb Pr4ciril
.1.Thc Kd,Jn6 *ho cfuf ni qu $c l9l\ md .one ro ft! 2000\+ould
rno{rhd{nhorrbeLmplddrslobxltdionkuvKenalist$clhnrt'otr
(r Tu^.))qouLdhaveprob.blver'leLlLpinrhc\i!iLrtrscncled*!fhtd
rhisdi!. r|d{h.mrtcd r\ follo*s
rhnruShdur
'Drv.'Rv
-
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RE,\cTIoN.3tc.ds.
KFNIALIsT
ridorJlicsiini hl ii.
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I r i s i s t r f r fr q h x t D Le d i . \ i \ r l l r b o d
Th€ lnstiiule's molt hpnrllnt Publiations (r999-200,t)
. PoliriciLTnn\irioBinrh.Anbx'orrd,Pdo.e,ll]cocri.J
Co0ldtrarions
rd rnrerresioirlPnrrers.Phiri0nc
s.hdi(orerrl I200t.lEislnh
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rheArnb\lnnd.Plrrrct:conrrnrrortl'lPmdigms
(EnetshJ
lidc^4. HeiryLrua.ced rL RogtrH.!N!lted:20r)2.
. ThcPllliinim lsrcli Decrrmronof
Prii.iprN.lbn'himAhu
Lushudcrrl
lbrrh,mAbu Lu-ehud
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. TheBeconingof Rerunicc
skLor Pl.iinc. Arm!.i{ Bosir Thi.trt
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conlrprs.Etrd\xrdMcmsrmmrhe
Po*pecriye
olrnrnariondLr*, JemArrrin:2002(trnsti$)
. rhfthlmAbtrL!ghodrR.\i{!rcc. E$1! rnd Retum.cotrreisxriois
trirh
ui\hm Ahftd. F,ntch: 2001.lErgti$)
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rms rheMedireirE : Pricnin!mdEurcpe.
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Eq!i!.!i,lP(Err] Ed{ardsrid dll
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lmpacr
olrhckmcriErcdidr\dr rrr Ld.r. Rcgion.l.mdrnrmano.d
coilctrmei,,Jar!4 200:r{Engnh md turbic)
. rn pLiuliodLf,h. lrs wf jtrrdq c orrrl] RegrnrL[y
!d rndt ]: ltdultprpe^
pfrrdr.dd'hrrliiorohdionxl!oeRr* l00l.lErenh.AdbirhllfErch)
heAf(dob Ttus: A ltul ^upLnary
Amr.i.rr roP en'ninnsoul Hnbq: {Lcdril plper presenrd
arrlr.96
idrcmd'ondronrereme.
2ql.l rEiglhh.nll Ar$iO
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