İNGİLİZCE Derleme 4

YABANCI DİL SEVİYE TESPİT SINAVI
İNGİLİZCE
YDS
Derleme 4
1.
2.
3.
4.
Bu testte 80 soru vardır.
Her soru 1,25 puan değer taşımaktadır.
Yanlış cevap doğru seçeneği götürmeyecektir.
Sınavın toplam süresini 150 dakikadır
NOT: Bu deneme ÖSYM sorularına 2 adet ÖZGÜN soru ilavesi ile oluşturulmuştur.
Toplam 6828 kelime içeren testimiz, gerekli itina gösterilmeye çalışılsa da, herhangi
bir zorluk ayarına tabii tutulmamış olduğundan, büyük ihtimalle sınavda alacağınız
notu gösteremeyecektir.
Ancak durumun ne olduğunu kabaca görmek isteyenler ve toplu deneme yapan
çalışma arkadaşlarım için bir kaynak olarak faydalı olabilir.
Mehmet Mamger
BAŞARILAR DİLERİM.
DENEME NASIL ÇÖZÜLÜR
Çoğu kişi maalesef sınava hazırlanmanın önemli bir parametresi olan deneme çözmeyi ciddiye almaz ve onu
alıştırma ile karıştırır. Oysa deneme bir konuda ustalaşmak için kullandığımız alıştırmalardan çok farklıdır. Amacı
gayet nettir:
1. Seviyenin tespiti
2. İlerleme olup olmadığının tespiti
3. Eksikliklerin tespiti
4. Gerçek sınav için sağlam bir teknik ve yöntem geliştirme
Ben bir deneme çözümünde şu altı kıstasın olmazsa olmaz olduğunu düşünenlerdenim:
1.
TEK OTURUM, TAM SÜRE: Bir sınav tek oturumda ve araya mola verilmeden çözülmeli. Sınav
esnasında bir şey yenilip içilmemeli, tuvalet ve sigara molası da dâhil, araya mola konmamalı. Zira
gerçek sınavda bunları yapma şansımız yok. Her mola, denemedeki puanımızı yükseltecek ve
durumumuz hakkında gerçekçi olmayan fikirlere sahip olmamızı sağlayacaktır. Eğer İKİ BUÇUK
SAATLİK TEK OTURUM yapma şansımız hiç yoksa, verilen her mola için toplam süreden tam 5 dakika
kısaltılmalıdır. Üç defadan daha fazla mola verilmiş ise eğer, artık o sınav bir DENEME SINAVI değildir.
2.
SINAV BİTMEDEN KONTROL YOK: Tüm sorular bitmeden yapacağınız her kontrol, netinizi yukarı
çıkaracak ve durum tespitini imkânsızlaştıracaktır. Oysa gerçek sınavda, mesela 50. sorudayken bile, 3.
soruda verdiğimiz seçeneğin doğru olup olmadığı fikri beynimizi yemeye devam eder. Kuşku ve
belirsizlik, neti aşağı çeker.
3.
TAKILINCA İŞARETLEME GEÇ, SONRA BAK – SÜPÜRME YÖNTEMİ: Boş bırakabilme erdemi, çoğu
kişinin A puanlarına ulaşabilmesinde en önemli etkendir. Basit nedenlerle, okuduğu seçenekte çabuk bir
doğru cevap bulmazsa işaretleme yapmadan geçen bir kişi, daha sonra aynı seçeneğe baktığında
doğruya ulaşacaktır:
•
Uğraştığınız seçenek BOYUNUZUN ÜZERİNDE ve hatta iptal edilecek bir YANLIŞ SORU
olabilir. Onunla uğraşmanız zamanınızı yer ve kendinize inancınızı bitirir. İkisi de size en
lazım olan şey. Oluşan zaman baskısı ve hüsran duygusu, normalde doğru cevaplanabilecek
ve çok daha kolay pek çok sorunun yanlış cevaplanmasına yol açacaktır.
•
Uğraştığınız seçenek çözebileceğiniz zorluktadır ama o anda cevabı hatırlamıyorsunuz veya
doğru açıdan bakmıyorsunuzdur. Israr etmeniz size yardımcı olmaz. Ama başka sorularla
uğraşırken, beyniniz zaten bu soru için de yeter miktarda mesai sarf edecek ve bir daha
baktığınızda soruyu gayet kolaylaşmış olacaktır: Beyniniz problemi çözmüş veya soruya
yeniden bakarken bakış anızı değiştirmişsinizdir.
•
Uğraştığınız sorunun cevabı ya doğrudan veya modelleme mantığına göre okuyacağınız diğer
sorularda gizli olabilir. Siz diğer soruları okurken, beyniniz buradan doğru bilgileri kodlayacak ve
yeniden boş bıraktığınız soruya geldiğinizde, tercihiniz büyük ihtimalle doğru olacaktır.
Unutmayın en büyük kopya, soru kitapçığınızın bizatihi kendisidir.
Soruların hepsini bitirdikten sonra boş bıraktığınız sorulara yine sırayla birkaç defa dönüp, her doğru
cevap çıkmadığında yeniden boş bırakıp geçmeyi unutmayın. Böylece belirli bir süpürme-tarama
yöntemiyle aynı sorulara birkaç kez bakmış olacaksınız. Son 10 dakikada ise artık atma vakti gelmiş
olabilir. Hilelere ancak burada yer veriniz.
4.
SINAV BİTİNCE TAHMİN: Sınavdan sonra kaç net alacağınızı ±5 hata ile bilmeniz, durumunuzu tespitte
çok önemlidir. Bu tahmin bir müddet sonra hangi seçeneği bilerek, hangisini ise sallayarak yaptığınızı
bilmeniz hususunda size olağanüstü bir yetenek kazandıracak ve böylece hangi seçeneği hemen
işaretleyeceğinizi, hangi seçeneği boş bırakıp sonra bakmanız gerektiğini ve hangi seçenekte aslında
atmak durumunuzda olduğunu ve dolayısıyla hile-hurda kullanabileceğinizi bilmenizi sağlayacak.
5.
YANLIŞLARI BİR DAHA ÇÖZ – TURLAMA: Cevapları başkasına kontrol ettirip, yanlış cevaplarınızı bir
daha çözmeye çalışmanız, bir sonraki denemenizde NET ARTIRABİLMENİZ neredeyse en garanti
yoludur. Beyniniz (a) iki şık arasında hangisini seçmeniz gerektiğini öğrenecek, (b) yanlış yaptığı soruyu
bir daha çözdüreceğinizi anladığından, ilk hamlede doğruyu görmeyi başarabilecektir. Turlamayı illaki
tüm soruların cevabını kendiniz buluncaya kadar yapınız. Ama İLK TUR, en öğretici olandır.
6.
KELİME ÖĞREN: Sınavın bir kısmından keklime öğrenmeyi ihmal etmeyin. Bir limitiniz olsun, mesela
100. O sınavdan tam 100 adet bilmediğiniz kelime öğrenmeye bakın. Sadece paragraflardaki kelimelere
bakmanız bile yeterli olabilecektir.
MAMGER DİL
YDS
4.
1. - 7. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere
uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
1.
2.
DERLEME 4
Roasting some green vegetables makes them as
acidic as carbonated drinks, and ---- to dental
erosion.
Because saliva offers some natural protection
against tooth ----, less saliva can lead to more
cavities.
A) maintains
B) enables
C) prevents
D) contributes
A) treatment
B) surgery
E) converts
D) growth
E) decay
C) care
5.
Both Saudi Arabia and China know that it is in
their ---- interest to cooperate economically and
increase trade between them.
A) notable
B) precious
D) responsible
C) mutual
E) implicit
According to the World Bank’s latest figures
from 2005, of 196 countries around the world,
131 ---- food imports to feed their citizens.
A) keep up
B) rely on
C) drop out
D) bring about
E) run out
3.
6.
A) vaguely
B) roughly
To increase energy conservation and reduce
pollution, the report ---- mixed developments
with housing, shops, services and workplaces in
close proximity to each other, linked by highquality public transport services, cycle-ways
and footpaths.
C) scarcely
D) drastically
A) puts on
B) cuts off
D) clears out
E) calls for
Some frozen areas of Greenland have always
melted each summer, but recent research has
shown that the extent of snowmelt in Greenland
increased ---- between 1992 and 2005.
E) marginally
1
C) sets up
MAMGER DİL
YDS
10. ---- an average of five credit cards per person,
the people in the United States buy more ---credit than the people in any other country in
the world.
7. - 16. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere
uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
7.
DERLEME 4
Scientists predict that should the current rate of
deforestation in the rainforests ----, a great many
of the species they support ---- completely by
the turn of the 22nd century.
A) By / from
B) For / of
C) To / with
D) With / on
E) At / by
A) continue / will have disappeared
B) is continued / will disappear
C) was continued / would disappear
D) had continued / would have disappeared
E) will continue / would have disappeared
8.
11. There’s a broad range of opinions ---- the
biological consequences of being exposed ---the contaminated environment near Chernobyl.
If the doctor ---- for additional tests to be
performed, then this illustrates that he ---- other
problems.
A) had asked / suspects
A) for / of
B) in / with
B) would ask / may suspect
C) on / to
D) about / at
C) asks / suspects
E) through / from
D) has asked / had suspected
E) asked / will suspect
9.
When Russian forces finally ---- from the
Danubian Principalities in 1834, Nicholas
seemed ----the final stabilization of his southern
frontier.
12. While dialysis is an option ---- people suffering
from kidney disease, no similar treatment is
available for people ---- severe liver disease.
A) was retreating / achieved
B) retreated / to have achieved
C) retreat / achieving
D) had retreated / to be achieved
A) in / without
B) with / at
C) for / with
D) of / within
E) over / on
E) retreated / achieving
2
MAMGER DİL
YDS
13. ---- English contains a vast lexical inheritance
from Latin, Persian has absorbed a great
number of Arabic loanwords.
A) As long as
B) Because
D) Just as
E) Whether
DERLEME 4
15. Lycopene is an important part of the body’s cell
protection system which neutralizes free
radicals and ---- decreases the risk of
cardiovascular disease.
C) Even if
A) on the contrary
B) on the way
C) as well
D) yet
E) in this way
16. Studying the origin of language was once
thought to be ---- an endeavour ---- scientific
societies actually forbade it.
14. Tourists gathered to admire the mushroom
clouds during nuclear tests in Nevada between
1951 and 1963 ---- at the time there was
complete ignorance of the dangers of
radioactive fallout.
A) since
B) so as to
D) so that
E) unless
C) when
A) rather / than
B) such / that
C) not / but
D) either / or
E) both / and
3
MAMGER DİL
YDS
DERLEME 4
20.
17.-21. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada
numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya
da ifadeyi bulunuz.
The first half of this interesting book provides an
introduction to the theory and practice (17) ---logic. The authors provide a historical (18) ---- of
models of logic from Aristotle to choice theory and
“fuzzy logic.” They show (19) ---- to use the
principles to analyze and construct logical
arguments. (20) ---- they give some medical
examples, this section is generic and thus, this
book (21) ---- well as a text for an introductory
course in a philosophy curriculum. Good
illustrations and boxed definitions help to guide the
reader, too.
A) Just as
B) Although
C) Since
D) After
E) Because
21.
A) will have served
17.
B) has served
A) of
B) in
C) at
D) under
E) within
C) had served
D) would serve
E) may have served
18.
A) quotation
B) controversy
C) omission
D) overview
E) result
19.
A) what
B) whether
D) which
E) how
C) whom
4
MAMGER DİL
YDS
DERLEME 4
25.
22. - 26. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada
numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya
da ifadeyi bulunuz.
Fifteen million Europeans are infected by the
hepatitis B and C viruses, and chronic hepatitis is
responsible for two-thirds of all cirrhoses and
cancers of the liver. Thanks to experience with
HIV, we (22) ---- multi-therapy strategies in our
fight (23) ---- hepatitis, combining several drugs to
reduce the development of any resistance. These
strategies now allow us to completely (24) ---- the
virus from the patient’s body in 50% of hepatitis C
cases. (25) ----, multi-therapy treatment can only
halt hepatitis B, not cure it. This is why vaccination
is (26) ---- important.
A) Accordingly
B) Besides
C) As a result
D) On the other hand
E) As well as
26.
22.
A) have developed
B) had developed
C) may have developed
D) will have developed
E) must have developed
23.
A) to
B) against
C) about
D) towards
E) of
24.
A) eradicate
B) cancel
D) clean
E) disappear
C) delay
5
A) such
B) just
D) both
E) so
C) as well
MAMGER DİL
YDS
30. Finding less expensive accommodation in big
cities can be difficult, ----.
27. - 36. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun
şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
27. By the end of the year, the NASA scientists
should know for certain ----.
A)
B)
DERLEME 4
where the colourful images of Mars’ south pole
give indications of water
A)
while most cities have several international
chain hotels
B)
unless one stays outside the city centre
C) whereas high prices generally apply to hotels in
historic buildings
whether there is water on Mars in the form of
ice
D) if a room in a pension or private home is usually
more reasonable
C) even though water once flowed over the
surface of Mars
E)
D) as life, similar to our own on Earth, could have
existed on Mars
E)
since most hotels prefer to create a family
atmosphere
because the surface of Mars could only have
been formed by flowing water
31. ----, it rode aboard the massive Saturn V rocket.
28. ----, one cannot notice right away that it is
moving.
A) Even if the scientists at NASA were concerned
about the quality of the spacecraft Apollo 11
A) While an iceberg is simply a chunk of ice
B)
B)
When glacier ice reaches the sea
Since the spacecraft Apollo 11 had been
designed by a special team of engineers
C) Since a glacier creeps downhill at a few metres
a year
C) Whether the spacecraft Apollo 11 was to be
used for lunar missions
D) If glacier ice is not static
D) Although a lot of money was spent for the
development of the spacecraft Apollo 11
E)
Before a glacier forms from accumulated
snowfall
E)
When the spacecraft Apollo 11 went to the
Moon in 1969
29. A peptic ulcer is a well-defined round or oval
sore ----.
A)
even though the treatment is the same for
children as for adults
B)
whether the pain occurs at a specific time of
day
32. ----, who were later joined by Germanic peoples.
C) unless the x-ray study is normal, and the doctor
still suspects an ulcer
Prague, one of Europe’s most beautiful capital
cities, has a population of just over one million
B)
Today we all know that the Czech Republic is
one of Europe’s youngest nations
C) In 1993 Czechoslovakia was peacefully divided
into two independent states as the Czech
Republic and Slovakia
D) where the lining of the stomach has been
damaged or eroded by stomach acid and
digestive juices
E)
A)
D) The Czech Republic has produced writers,
artists, and musicians of world renown
since young children have difficulty in
describing their symptoms precisely
E) Around 500 B.C. the area now known as the
Czech Republic was settled by Celtic tribes
6
MAMGER DİL
YDS
35. Whereas many insomniacs believe that they lack
sufficient sleep, ----.
33. ----, though they may tire easily and may not be
able to keep up with a demanding schedule.
A)
Doctors consider the possibility of multiple
sclerosis in younger people who suddenly
develop blurred vision
B)
People with multiple sclerosis may have a few
more white blood cells than normal
they should arrange their retiring and rising
times so that they spend eight hours in bed
E)
studies have shown that sleeping seven hours
a night is associated with the lowest mortality
risk
36. ----, but much is being done to improve
facilities.
physicians are placing their hopes on stem
cells, which have reversed some symptoms in
monkeys
one aspect of mental imagery has been more
or less neglected
A)
The Moroccan government has invested in the
expansion of some airports
B)
Morocco needs to reduce its reliance on foreign
aid
C) The main obstacle in Morocco at present to
further growth in mass tourism is the lack of
infrastructure
C) the primary visual cortex seemed to be
activated during the process of imagination
D) Agadir is Morocco’s most developed coastal
resort
D) people are able to attribute new meanings to
objects in their inner eye
E)
B)
People with multiple sclerosis can often
maintain an active lifestyle
34. As investigators learn more about what is
happening in the brain during the exact moment
of insight, ----.
B)
the chronic inability to either fall asleep or keep
sleeping are symptoms of insomnia
D) many people are usually drowsy early in the
morning
D) Leber’s hereditary optic atrophy is more
common in men
A)
A)
C) evidence shows that they are in fact getting at
least as much as they require
C) People who become weak and unable to move
easily may develop bedsores
E)
DERLEME 4
E) The World Bank has agreed to provide
Morocco new funds
all of us want to know what we can do to
maximize the conditions that allow us to have
brilliant thoughts
7
MAMGER DİL
YDS
39. Pain is not an inevitable consequence of cancer,
but most people with cancer experience pain
either as a result of the progression of the
disease or due to the various treatments for
cancer.
37. - 42. soruIarda, verilen İngilizce cümlenin
Türkçesini, Türkçe cümlenin İngilizcesini
bulunuz.
37. An effective work group should be designed well
from the start, bringing together people who can
contribute to the right mix of knowledge, skills,
tools and other resources necessary to
succeed.
A)
İşin başında tasarlanmış etkin bir çalışma
grubu, bilgi, beceri, gereç ve diğer kaynaklar
konusunda katkıda bulunabilen insanları bir
araya getirmektedir.
B)
Etkin bir çalışma grubunun bir araya getirilmesi
için, bilgi, beceri, gereç ve diğer kaynakların
doğru biçimde kaynaştırıldığı süreçlere katkıda
bulunabilecek kişilerin daha baştan planlanması
gerekir.
DERLEME 4
A)
Ağrı kanserin kaçınılmaz bir sonucu değildir;
fakat, kanserli pek çok kişi hastalığın
ilerlemesinin bir sonucu olarak veya çeşitli
kanser tedavileri yüzünden ağrı çeker.
B)
Kanserin kaçınılmaz sonucu ağrı değildir,
ancak, kanserli hastalar hastalığın ilerlemesi
sonucu, uygulanan tedavilere bağlı olarak ağrı
çekerler.
C) Hastalığın ilerlemesi ya da çeşitli tedaviler
sonucu kanserli hastaların ağrı çekmesi,
ağrının kanserin kaçınılmaz sonucu olduğunu
göstermez.
D) Kanserin sonu, kaçınılmaz olan ağrılar değildir;
ancak kanser hastalarının çoğu ağrıyı ya
hastalığın ilerlemesi ya da çeşitli kanser
tedavileri nedeniyle çekerler.
C) Bilgiye, beceriye, gereçlere ve başarı için
gerekli diğer kaynaklara katkıda bulunarak etkin
bir çalışma grubu oluşturacak kişiler, henüz işin
başındayken doğru biçimde bir araya
getirilmelidir.
E)
D) Etkili bir çalışma grubunun, başarılı olmak için
bilgiye, becerilere, gereçlere ve diğer
kaynaklara katkıda bulunabilecek insanları bir
araya getirerek tasarlanması gerekir.
E)
Etkin bir çalışma grubu, başarmak için gerekli
bilginin, becerilerin, gereçlerin ve diğer
kaynakların doğru bileşimine katkıda
bulunabilen kişileri bir araya getirerek baştan iyi
bir biçimde tasarlanmalıdır.
40. Panik atak belirtileri o kadar ciddi ve
korkutucudur ki insanlar bunları sıklıkla kalp
krizi belirtileriyle karıştırıp, hastaneye koşarlar.
38. Bad things will come and find you, but for the
good things you have to keep the door open, go
hunt for them and find them.
A)
Kötülükler gelip seni bulacaktır, ancak iyilikler
için kapıyı açık tutman, onları araman ve
bulman gerekir.
B)
Gelip seni bulanlar kötü şeylerdir ama senin
kapıyı açıp izlediğin ve bulduğun şeyler iyi
şeylerdir.
A)
Rushing to the hospital for a panic attack is not
necessary, even though its symptoms are so
severe and frightening that they are often
mistaken for those of a heart attack.
B)
The symptoms of a panic attack are severe and
frightening, and people often mistake them for
heart attack symptoms and rush to the hospital.
C) Because panic attack symptoms are so severe
and frightening, people often rush to the
hospital, mistaking them for signs of a heart
attack.
C) Kötülükler gelir seni bulur, ama iyi şeyler için
kapıyı açık tut, onları ara ve bul.
D) People often rush to the hospital when
experiencing a panic attack, as the symptoms
are as severe and frightening as those of a
heart attack.
D) Kötü olaylar gelir seni bulur, ama iyi olaylarla
karşılaşmak istiyorsan, kapıyı açık tutmalı,
onları arayıp bulmalısın.
E)
Kanserde kaçınılmaz olan sonuç ağrı değildir;
fakat pek çok kanserli insan hastalığın
ilerlemesi sonucu çeşitli kanser tedavileri
gördükleri için ağrı çekerler.
Kötü şeyler gelip seni bulsa da iyi şeyleri arayıp
bulmalısın ve kapını her zaman açık tutmalısın.
E)
8
Panic attack symptoms are so severe and
frightening that people often mistake them for
signs of a heart attack and rush to the hospital.
MAMGER DİL
YDS
41. Tek bir türün yok olması çok etkili değildir ama
bir ikinci, üçüncü veya daha fazla sayıda tür yok
olduğunda ekosistemin tutarlılığı tehdit altına
girer.
A)
B)
42. Dil teknolojilerinin en büyük ilerleme gösterdiği
uygulama alanlarından biri ses komutuyla
çalışan ev aletleri alanıdır.
The disappearance of a single species is not
dramatic but when a second, third, or greater
number of species becomes extinct, the
stability of the ecosystem is threatened.
The stability of an ecosystem is not threatened
by the disappearance of a single species but
with the extinction of a second or third species,
the risk becomes dramatic.
A)
Voice command operated domestic appliances
constitute the field of application in which
language technology is progressing the fastest.
B)
One of the fields of application in which
language technology is progressing the most is
that of domestic appliances operated by voice
command.
C) One of the newest and most exciting fields of
application for language technology is that of
domestic appliances operated by voice
command.
C) Not only is the disappearance of a single
species dramatic but the extinction of a second,
third, or greater number of species also
threatens the stability of the ecosystem.
D) Domestic appliances which are operated by
voice command are an interesting, if not new,
application of language technology.
D) While the disappearance of a single species
may not be dramatic, when a second, third, or
greater number of species becomes extinct it
may threaten the stability of the ecosystem.
E)
DERLEME 4
E)
When a single species disappears, there is no
cause for alarm; however, with the extinction of
a second, third, or greater number of species,
the very stability of the ecosystem is
threatened.
9
Language technology’s most profitable and
promising field of application is surely domestic
appliances operated by voice command.
MAMGER DİL
YDS
44. It is pointed out in the passage that the mapping
of dark matter ----.
43. – 46. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
cevaplayınız.
Dark matter is the invisible and mysterious material
that makes up 22 per cent of the stuff in the
universe. It is one of the greatest scientific
unknowns. It does not emit light; nor does it reflect
light or absorb it. While we are unable to see dark
matter itself, we are able to create maps of it. We
can clearly pinpoint its location by observing the
effects of its mass on light from distant galaxies.
This can be explained with reference to Einstein,
who points out that a massive object will curve the
fabric of space and that light will follow this
deformed path. So we can look at how light from
galaxies has been bent and, consequently, infer the
quantity and location of the matter that did the
bending. In fact, by using this method, a team of
astronomers have recently managed to create the
first three-dimensional map of the immense
structure of dark matter.
B)
has only been possible on the basis of a theory
formulated by Einstein
B)
has been an easy task for astronomers, since
they know its exact location
D) has revealed a much closer and more
extensive interaction among galaxies
E)
was first attempted by Einstein, who had
already studied the light emitted by galaxies
45. It is clear from the passage that the mass and
size of dark matter ----.
has a very complex structure that has caused
much controversy among astronomers
has been thoroughly explored and studied by a
number of astronomers
A)
have been measured through the use of a
three-dimensional map of space
B)
have ceased to be one of the greatest
mysteries ever known in science
C) distort the fabric of space and, therefore,
cannot be explored properly
C) accounts for more than half of the material that
makes up the universe
D) are so immense that it is out of question to
study them in detail
D) has a bending effect on the light that comes
from distant galaxies
E)
A)
C) was originally suggested by Einstein, but it is
only now that this has been achieved
43. One understands from the passage that dark
matter ----.
A)
DERLEME 4
E)
with its great mass was already known by
Einstein and a team of astronomers
can only be understood through the curves
made by the light from galaxies
46. One can maintain that the passage ----.
A)
focuses solely on the process whereby Einstein
was able to locate dark matter
B)
deals with the nature of dark matter and how its
presence has been revealed
C) clearly explains where in space dark matter can
be located and observed
D) sheds a great deal of light on the amount of
research astronomers have done
E)
10
largely dwells on the question of how light from
galaxies becomes curved in space
MAMGER DİL
YDS
DERLEME 4
48. It is pointed out in the passage that Sanskrit ----.
47. – 50. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
cevaplayınız.
In 1786 Sir William Jones, a British judge serving in
India, made a discovery that transformed
knowledge about prehistory and began the formal
study of historical linguistics. Turning his spare time
towards the study of Sanskrit, the ancient language
from which the predominant languages of the South
Asian subcontinent derive, Jones discovered that
Sanskrit shares features of grammar and
vocabulary with Latin and ancient Greek to an
extent inexplicable by sheer coincidence. His
interest further aroused, he then examined the early
Germanic language called “Gothic”, the ancient
Celtic languages of Europe, and Old Persian, and
found that they, too, exhibited marked similarities to
Sanskrit. He concluded that all these languages
must have evolved from a common but now-extinct
linguistic source. In the early nineteenth century,
both this ancient language and the later languages
that derived from it, were labelled “Indo-European,”
reflecting their wide distribution from India and
Ireland.
A)
is the only language which is widely spoken
among the peoples of South Asia
B)
and other Indo-European languages are closely
related with each other
C) was first studied by Sir William Jones in the
eighteenth century
D) was the most ancient language from which
Latin and Greek have evolved
E)
has a grammatical structure which is entirely
different from that of Old Persian
49. As one understands from the passage, Sir
William Jones ----.
47. One can conclude from the passage that Gothic
----.
A)
made fundamental changes in the judicial
system of eighteenth-century India
B)
was a professional linguist and spent his time in
India by the study of Sanskrit
A)
originally derived from Latin and had the same
grammatical features
C) rejected the view that the European Celtic
languages derived from a common source
B)
had no relationship whatsoever with Sanskrit
and other languages
D) studied Sanskrit only when he was free from his
judicial responsibilities
E)
C) was an old language which was spoken
throughout Europe, including Ireland
was very interested in the prehistory of India
and made several discoveries
D) was the only language in which Sir William
Jones took a special interest
E)
was the language spoken by early Germanic
peoples
50. According to the passage, the beginnings of
historical linguistics ----.
A)
were marked by the discovery in the eighteenth
century that the languages of the South Asian
subcontinent had evolved from Sanskrit
B)
can be dated back to the early nineteenth
century when the term “Indo-European” was
introduced
C) are traced back to the work of Sir William Jones
in the eighteenth century
D) have always been controversial, since Sir
William Jones’s theory about the IndoEuropean languages was based on a false
assumption
E)
11
were confined only to Jones’s study of Sanskrit
and did not include his study of the other IndoEuropean languages
MAMGER DİL
YDS
52. According to the passage, among the age
groups, it is the very young and very old ----.
51. – 54. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
cevaplayınız.
Viral infections of the respiratory tract are certainly
the most common cause of infectious illness in most
countries. People in all age groups are susceptible,
but for those at the extremes of life these illnesses
are particularly hazardous. Viral respiratory
infections are more common in children under the
age of five years, but in the first year of life, they are
more severe. In the elderly, degenerative processes
of the heart or lungs make pneumonia a more
frequent and serious complication, and the same is
true for patients of all ages suffering from chronic
cardiac disease or chronic bronchitis. On the whole,
the vast majority of viral respiratory infections are
mild though often uncomfortable conditions, but
sometimes the illness is severe and constitutes a
threat to life. Unfortunately, there is no method
whereby the spread of infection can be prevented.
Adequate ventilation and avoidance of crowds are
clearly advisable.
having their rooms well-ventilated will prevent
viral respiratory infections
B)
viral respiratory infections can lead to serious
consequences
A)
that are more frequently threatened by
pneumonia
B)
that suffer most from chronic bronchitis as well
as pneumonia
C) whose health is far more easily affected by
crowds
D) who always have a mild infection of the
respiratory tract
E)
who are more susceptible to viral infections of
the respiratory tract
53. It is pointed out in the passage that viral
respiratory infections ----.
51. It is clear from the passage that, especially in
the case of elderly people, ----.
A)
DERLEME 4
A)
and pneumonia have no connection
whatsoever
B)
can be almost completely prevented throughout
the world
C) are mild illnesses that are most common
among elderly people
D) pose a serious threat, especially to children in
their first year
C) the treatment of pneumonia may involve a very
complicated process
E)
cause no harm at all to the heart and lungs
D) chronic cardiac disease can rarely be
prevented
E)
all kinds of viral infections must be avoided
under all circumstances
54. In the passage, attention is particularly drawn to
the fact that people with chronic cardiac disease
or chronic bronchitis ----.
A)
cannot be treated effectively against viral
infections of the respiratory tract
B)
may experience severe complications because
of a viral respiratory infection
C) develop pneumonia far more rarely than those
at the extremes of life
D) should avoid any hazardous contact with other
patients
E)
12
are less vulnerable to viral respiratory infections
than any other age group
MAMGER DİL
YDS
56. Emphasis is put on the fact that the United
States ----.
55. – 58. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
cevaplayınız.
Using coal to make electricity accounts for about a
third of America’s carbon emissions. As a result,
tackling emissions from coal-fired power plants
represents our best opportunity to make sharp
reductions in greenhouse gases. Fortunately, the
United States already has the technology to do that.
Unfortunately, right now the country is addicted to
coal, a cheap, abundant power source. Burning coal
produces more than half the country’s electricity,
despite its immense human and environmental
costs. Air pollutants from coal-fired power plants
cause somewhere between 20,000 and 30,000
premature deaths in the United States each year.
Besides, fifty tons of mercury are pumped into the
atmosphere annually from coal plants. In addition,
the extraction of coal, from West Virginia to
Wyoming, devastates the physical environment, and
its processing and burning produce gigantic
volumes of waste.
B)
A)
has the ability to drastically decrease
greenhouse gases in the country
B)
has developed efficient technologies for the
prevention of environmental pollution
C) is the only country in the world that largely
depends on coal for its energy needs
D) has made great technological advances in
processing large amounts of waste
E)
is seriously concerned about the human and
environmental effects of its energy policy
57. As one learns from the passage, coal ----.
55. It is stated in the passage that coal-fired power
plants in the United States ----.
A)
DERLEME 4
are noted for lower carbon emissions than other
kinds of power plants
A)
has always been used as a primary source of
energy, but new technologies are needed to
extract it more cheaply
B)
is so abundant in America that more and more
coal-fired power plants are being constructed
throughout the country
C) is extracted in gigantic amounts in West
Virginia and Wyoming, since these two states
have the richest reserves in the country
are concentrated in West Virginia and Wyoming
more than in any other area
C) produce a great amount of the country’s
electricity
D) is so indispensable for the production of
electricity that nobody is concerned about its
adverse effects on the environment
D) are blamed more for mercury emissions than
for carbon emissions
E)
E)
have caused widespread environmental
destruction in West Virginia and Wyoming
is a major power source in America, although it
has various human and environmental
disadvantages
58. In the passage, the writer ----.
A)
clearly explains the adverse effects that
coalfired power plants have in America
B)
criticizes the United States government for not
following a clear energy policy
C) is fully in favour of the use of coal, as it is a
readily-available and cheap energy source
D) calls for the development of new technologies
for the reduction of carbon emissions
E)
13
is worried about how gigantic volumes of
powerplant waste can be efficiently treated
MAMGER DİL
YDS
60. According to the passage, although the practice
of imperialism may be varied, ----.
59. – 62. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
cevaplayınız.
The term “imperialism” means the process of
extending one nation’s control over another; it is a
process that takes many forms. Historians
distinguish between “formal imperialism” and
“informal imperialism.” Formal imperialism is
colonialism, and it was exercised by the Europeans
in the past mainly by direct rule: the colonizing
nations annexed territories outright and established
their own governments to subjugate and administer
the peoples of these territories. Sometimes formal
imperialism was exercised through indirect rule: the
conquering nations reached agreements with native
leaders and governed them. There was no single
practice of colonial management, and resistance
from the natives forced colonial powers to shift
strategies frequently. As for “informal imperialism,”
it refers to a more subtle and less visible exercise of
power, in which the stronger nation allows the
weaker one to maintain its independence while
reducing its sovereignty. For the Europeans in the
past, informal imperialism took the form of carving
out zones of European sovereignty and privilege,
such as treaty ports, within other countries.
Essentially it meant using European economic,
political, and cultural power to get advantageous
treaties or terms of trade. Informal imperialism was
not only common, it played an even more
fundamental role in shaping global power relations
in the 18th and 19th centuries.
enabled the Europeans to conquer the lands of
other peoples and face no resistance
B)
was preferred by the natives who were involved
in free trade with the European nations
A)
native peoples in the European colonies were
always in favour of formal imperialism
B)
it was formal imperialism in the past which most
suited the Europeans for their trade overseas
C) the European nations followed a common
strategy in the past in order to set up colonies
in other parts of the world
D) for historians, it is mainly divided into “formal”
and “informal” imperialism
E)
in the 18th and 19th centuries the European
nations gave up formal imperialism because of
native resistance
61. As one understands from the passage, in
informal imperialism, ----.
A)
the colonizing nations sign treaties with native
governments to help them solve economic
problems
B)
the independence of the weaker nation is
respected by the colonizing nation
C) the sovereignty of the colonized nation is totally
disregarded by the colonizing power
D) the management of the ports in a country is
undertaken by economically stronger nations
59. It is asserted in the passage that, in the past,
informal imperialism ----.
A)
DERLEME 4
E)
native governments are granted certain
privileges and political powers by stronger
nations
62. It is clear that the passage ----.
C) was far more effective than formal imperialism
in the development of power relations in the
world
A)
gives an account of the historical reasons why
formal imperialism in the past was more widely
practised than informal imperialism
D) was commonly practised by the Europeans
because it allowed them to make use of various
strategies
B)
is a detailed account of how the Europeans
colonized other peoples in the 18th and 19th
centuries
E)
provided the European nations with an
economic power which enabled them to rule the
rest of the world
C) is mainly concerned with the process of
resistance that colonial peoples put up against
the European nations
D) is a full description of the economic and cultural
privileges which, in the past, the Europeans got
from native governments
E)
14
theoretically explains imperialism and refers to
the European practice of it in the past
MAMGER DİL
YDS
DERLEME 4
65. Tourist:
63. - 67. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş
bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi
bulunuz.
- I’d like to go somewhere warm, but I also
want to experience a bit of culture.
Travel Agent:
63. Fred :
- Have you thought about going to Dubai? It
has one of the world’s fastest growing art
scenes and it’s a great alternative to London
or New York.
- I am sure you are familiar with Darwin’s theory
of evolution, aren’t you?
Student :
- Well, I can’t say I am. Can you summarize it
for me?
Tourist:
- ----
Fred :
Travel Agent:
- ----
- Well, from March 21 to 24, the city will put on
the biggest show of the year, Art Dubai.
Student :
- Now I can understand clearly what he meant
by his theory.
A)
Do you think it will attract people from
London and New York?
When would be a good time to visit Dubai to
take advantage of its cultural activities?
A)
I would suggest that Darwin’s theory
revolutionized our perception of life science.
B)
B)
Simple. For Darwin, new species arise naturally
by a process of evolution.
C) How do I get from the Dubai International
Financial Centre to the important art
galleries?
C) It would be useful first to do some research on
Darwin’s theory.
D) Do most visitors to Dubai spend a lot of
money on cultural activities?
D) Let me first urge you to do some reading in life
science.
E)
E)
Before we discuss the theory, let’s remember
how Darwin formed his theory.
64. Karen :
- Did you know that nicotine actually changes
the structure of the brain in a way that may
cause addiction?
Scott :
- ---Karen :
- And that’s not all; between 1998 and 2004,
tobacco companies increased the amount of
nicotine in cigarettes.
A)
Yes, and ten per cent of new smokers become
addicted within only two days!
B)
But aren’t there new anti-smoking medications?
C) That’s right; after one smoke-free year, the risk
of coronary artery disease is reduced by half.
D) I read that each year more than 19 million
people try to quit smoking.
E)
Most people who want to stop smoking try
many times before they succeed.
15
How can I exhibit my own work in this unique
artistic environment?
MAMGER DİL
YDS
67. Phil :
66. Mrs. Simpson :
- Researchers point out that preschool
education has long-term effects over a child’s
cognitive development.
- It seems that there are some new techniques
in in-vitro fertilization for predicting which
embryos are more likely to survive after
implantation in the womb.
Elizabeth :
Peggy :
- ----
- Then that should increase the success rates
for IVF.
Mrs. Simpson :
- That’s right. This way they can develop
problem solving and comprehension skills.
Phil :
- ----
Elizabeth :
Peggy :
- I can understand now why most primary
school teachers find it easier to teach such
children.
A)
B)
DERLEME 4
- That’s a good thing, because carrying more
than one foetus at the same time can be a
health risk for the mother.
So, you mean that a child learns to share his
toys with other children.
A) Doctors are currently only able to analyze early
embryos for possible genetic problems, not for
overall health.
Then, quality preschool programs stimulate
and nurture young minds.
C) In other words, such a child can easily adapt
to new social environments.
B) One of the techniques measures the oxygen
depletion levels in the air directly above the
developing egg or embryo.
D) That means preschool education teaches a
child how to be obedient and how to keep
silent at school.
C) Yes, and it may also eliminate the need for
multiple implants, which often result in multiple
births.
E)
D) That’s right; the doctors performing one of the
studies were able to predict viability at a rate of
about 80%.
That’s why children after preschool education
get better at outdoor games.
E) Yes, because only around 30% of IVF cycles in
the US currently result in pregnancy.
16
MAMGER DİL
YDS
DERLEME 4
70. I was tempted to resign there and then, but I'm
glad now that I didn't.
68. - 71. soruIarda, verilen cümleye anlamca en
yakın olan cümleyi bulunuz.
A) I rather wish I'd had the courage to hand in my
resignation straight away.
68. What worries me is that they have so far failed
to improve the quality of the work.
B) I wanted to give in my resignation immediately,
and I rather regret that I didn't
A) As they haven't yet managed to produce .any
high-quality work, I'm wondering if they ever
will.
C) I felt like handing in my resignation on the spot,
but I know now I would have regretted it.
B) If only they could upgrade the quality of the
work I'd stop worrying.
D) If I were to resign now. I'd probably regret it.
E) Even now I find the idea of resigning rather
tempting, and may do so.
C) Once the quality of the work improves we'll be
free of worries.
D) It's the fact that they still haven't managed to
upgrade the quality of the work that troubles
me.
E) They are still far from producing the high-quality
work I'm anxious to get.
71. Critics have disagreed as to whether Antigone
or Creon is the protagonist of Sophocles’ play
Antigone.
69. Roof insulation will pay for itself within two
years in lower heating costs, or so they claim.
A) They claimed that roof insulation would reduce
heating costs, so that in two years you could
recover the amount invested.
A) The question whether the main character in
Antigone, which is a play by Sophocles, is
Antigone or Creon is a matter of controversy
among critics.
B) It pays to insulate your roof since you certainly
get back in around two years, whatever you
invest in lowered fuel costs.
B) As regards Sophocles’ play Antigone, critics
have pointed out that it is not certain whether
Antigone or Creon is a more important
character.
C) Roof insulation reduces heating costs so much
that in just two years they guarantee that you
get back the money you invest in it.
C) To what extent Antigone or Creon becomes the
leading character in Sophocles’ Antigone has
led critics into a futile discussion.
D) They guarantee that money invested in roof
insulation is recoverable in two years through
reduced fuel costs.
D) According to various critical views, in his play
Antigone, Sophocles does not make it clear
whether Antigone or Creon is the most
important character.
E) They claim that in under two years you get
back what you invest in roof insulation through
reduced fuel costs.
E) There is much controversy among critics that, in
his play Antigone, Sophocles has failed to
make Antigone or Creon the leading character.
17
MAMGER DİL
YDS
73. The biofuels currently manufactured in the US
are doing great things for some farmers and
some large agricultural companies, but little for
the environment. The corn used to manufacture
ethanol requires large doses of herbicide and
nitrogen fertilizer and can cause more soil
erosion than any other crop. ----. Biodiesel from
soybeans is only slightly better.
Environmentalists also fear that rising prices
for both crops will push farmers to plow up
some 35 million acres of marginal farmland now
set aside for soil and wildlife conservation,
potentially releasing even more carbon from the
soil in those fields.
72. -75. soruIarda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada
anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için
getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
72.
For many Central American immigrants
heading north, the first dangerous border
crossing is not the one into the US. It’s
southern Mexico where the danger begins.
Every year, hundreds of thousands of Central
Americans cross illegally into Mexico along the
country’s southern border. ----. The pace of
illegal migration north has increased
dramatically over the past decade, propelled in
part by the lingering effects of the 1970s and
80s civil wars in Guatemala, El Salvador, and
Nicaragua.
A)
B)
A) Unlike the ancient carbon unlocked by the
burning of fossil fuels, the carbon in biofuels
comes from the atmosphere and is returned
there when the fuels are burned
The US wants Mexico’s southern border to
more secure, even as American employers
demand cheap labour and American drug
users demand smuggled cocaine
B)
Guatemalan border towns are growing quickly
as they cater to the growing number of
migrants north to Mexico
Such renewable fuels could also improve the
US economy and help it to become less
dependent on other countries
C) The boom in corn production has pushed corn
prices to levels not seen in years, causing US
growers to plant the largest crop since World
War II
C) Nobody knows exactly how many of those
migrants are headed to the United States, but
most experts estimate the figure to be 150,000
or more a year
D) Additionally, producing corn ethanol consumes
just about as much fossil fuel as the ethanol
itself replaces
D) The simplicity with which people and goods
pass illegally across Mexico’s southern border
is obvious to anyone who spends time there
E)
DERLEME 4
E)
The US government has already put much
pressure on Mexico so that illegal migration
can be stopped completely
18
The key to intelligent biofuel production is to
learn how to make it from plant material other
than food, such as plant stalks, grasses, fastgrowing trees, or even algae
MAMGER DİL
74.
YDS
Jordan’s 1994 peace deal with Israel has paved
the way for growing economic links between
the two countries. Jordan is now taking the
lead in encouraging other Arab states to
improve relations with Israel. -----. He has
argued that future peace initiatives should
come out of the region itself, rather than being
designed and imposed by foreign authorities.
A)
The US permits all Jordanian textiles to be
exported to the US as long as they have a
minimum 8% Israeli content
B)
According to some diplomats, economic
cooperation between Jordan and Israel is
rather more advanced than political
cooperation
DERLEME 4
76. - 80. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla
okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü
bozan cümleyi bulunuz.
76.
C) King Abdullah of Jordan has also raised hopes
that the Saudi Middle East peace plan of 2002
might be revived by persuading the Arab
League to make the plan more attractive to
Israel
(I) Christine Lagarde, France’s first female minister
for finance and the economy, says it is time for
French people to “roll up their sleeves” and stop
thinking about holidays. (II) The former
international lawyer, impressed by the work ethic
she witnessed during her time in the US, wants to
instill the same spirit in her countrymen and
women. (III) The French government’s plans to
reorganize the retail industry have brought fears
that greater competition will threaten livelihoods.
(IV) Her approach is calm and rational, bearing
little resemblance to the harsher style of the
French president, Nicolas Sarkozy. (V) Yet
Christine Lagarde shares the president’s
convictions when it comes to the French people
and the world of work.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
D) Actually, the two countries signed an
economic agreement in 2002 in order to
establish joints ventures in all the sectors
E)
75.
Jordan has made relatively rapid economic
progress during the five years since King
Abdullah ascended to the throne
Although skin cancer is associated with a
behavioural risk (voluntary exposure to the sun
over a long period of time), it also has a strong
genetic component. Light-skinned, fair-haired,
blue-eyed individuals, compared with
darkskinned people, are more likely to develop
skin cancer, and much of their damage occurs
with sun exposure during childhood. ----. They
must take protective measures, including using
sunscreen and wearing protective clothing
while exposed to the sun.
A)
Not all skin cancers are innocuous; one form,
malignant melanoma, can be deadly
B)
Twenty-five per cent of adults in the US
sunbathe frequently, and one-fourth of those
do not use sunscreens at the recommended
levels
77.
A) I
C) Skin cancer is the most common form of
cancer, but most types of skin cancer are
curable
D) During the past 50 years, the relationship
between skin cancer mortality rates and
geographic latitude has gradually decreased
E)
(I) Britain’s character has been shaped by its
geographical position as an island. (II) Never
successfully invaded since 1066, its people have
developed their own distinctive traditions. (III)
Founded by the Romans in the first century A.D. as
an administrative centre and trading port, London
is the capital of the country. (IV) This is also
reflected in the country’s historical heritage of
castles, cathedrals and stately homes. (V) Indeed,
although today a member of the European Union,
Britain continues to maintain its nonconformity.
These people should avoid prolonged and
frequent exposure to the sun
19
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
MAMGER DİL
YDS
78. (I) In the 20th century, the new science of
psychology seemed to challenge the idea of free
will. (II) However, brain scanners and our ability to
interpret them are extremely useful. (III) Freud’s
theory of unconscious drives suggested that the
causes of some of our actions are not what we think
they are. (IV) And then along came neuroscience,
which is often thought to diminish the importance of
free will even more. (V) The more we find out about
the workings of the brain, the less room there seems
to be in it for any kind of autonomous, rational self.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
DERLEME 4
80. (I) The world’s most ambitious solar power project is
scheduled to begin in Morocco. (II) The plan is to
use solar panels across the Sahara Desert to make
use of the Sun’s rays, which shine there all year
round. (III) The destination seems to be ideal for a
holiday in the sun. (IV) Because North Africa’s
sunlight is so intense, solar panels used by this
project could generate up to three times the
electricity produced by similar projects in Northern
Europe. (V) By 2050, this system could supply 1520% of Europe’s electricity requirements.
E) V
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
79. (I) The biggest industrial project on the Kenyan
coast will be to the north in the Lamu region. (II) At a
spot now occupied by a Kenya-US naval base, a
super-port capable of handling huge container ships
is due to be built. (III) A motorway and railway will
move its goods to Ethiopia and Uganda, and oil will
flow the other way. (IV) On arid land now inhabited
by the hunter-gatherer Boni people, a new city will
arise with 2 million people and an international
airport. (V) Kenya’s population has grown from 8
million in 1963 to 43 million today, and incomes are
rising steadily.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
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