Adjective Nedir? 2

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Adjective Nedir? 2
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Pazartesi, 21 Aðustos 2006
Son Güncelleme Çarþamba, 23 Aðustos 2006
Sýfatlar
1. Ýngilizce'de sýfatlar niteledikleri ismin sayýsýna yada cinsiyetine göre deðiþiklik göstermezler.A hot potatoSome hot potatoes
2. Sýfatlarýn derecesini vurgulamak için 'very' yada 'really' kullanýlýr:
A very hot potato
Some really hot potatoes.
3. Sýfatlar:
a) genelde niteledikleri isimden önce: A beautiful girl.
b) "to be", "to seem" , "to look", "to taste" fiillerinden sonra:
- The girl is beautiful
- You look tired
- This meat tastes funny.
c) Kimi sabit kullanýmlarda isimden sonra,
- The Princess Royal
- The President elect
- a court martial
involved, present, concerned sýfatlarý da niteledikleri isimden sonra kullanýlýrlar:
- I want to see the people involved/concerned
- Here is a list of the people present
Bu sýfatlar niteledikleri isimden önce kullanýldýklarýnda anlamlarý deðiþir:
- An involved discussion = detailed, complex
- A concerned father = worried, anxious
- The present situation = current, happening now
Sýfatlarýn KullanýmýSýfatlar bize niteledikleri isim hakkýnda ilave bilgi verirler. His veya kalite bildirirler:He is a lonely man
They are honest people
Milliyet yada tabiyet bildirler: Pierre is French
This clock is German
Our house is Victorian
Ýsimin niteliklerini anlatabilirler:A wooden table.
The knife is sharp.
Yaþ bildirirler:He's a young man
My coat is very old
Boyut veya ebat bildirirler:John is a tall man.
This is a very long film.
Renk bildirirler:Paul wore a red shirt.
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The sunset was crimson and gold. O ismin neyden yapýldýðýný ve malzemesini söylerler:It was a wooden table
She wore a cotton dress
Þekil hakkýnda bilgi verirler:A rectangular box
A square envelope
Fikir yada deðer belirtirler:
A fantastic film
Grammar is boring.
SIFATLARIN SIRALANIÞI
Birden fazla sýfat kullanýldýðýnda sýfatlar iþlevlerine göre sýralanýrlar:
Value/opinion
Size
Age/Temperature
Shape
Colour
Origin
Material
Purpose
(Diziliþ sýrasýný hatýrlamak için herbirinin baþ harfinden oluþan O.S.A.S.C.O.M.P.' hatýrlamanýz yeterli
olacaktýr.)Value/opiniondelicious, lovely, charmingSizesmall, huge, tiny Age/Temperatureold, hot, youngShaperound,
square, rectangular Colourred, blonde, blackOriginSwedish, Victorian, ChineseMaterial
plastic, wooden, silver
Purpose: swimming costume
Örnekler:
- a lovely old red post-box
- some small round plastic tables
- some charming small silver ornaments
KARÞILAÞTIRMA VE EN ÜSTÜNLÜK HALLERÝ
Hece sayýsý
karþýlaþtýrma
en Üstünlük
Tek Hece
+ -er
+ -est
tall
taller
tallest
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Tek heceli ve sessiz+sesli+sessiz olarak biten sýfatlarde son harf ek aldýðýnda çift yazýlýr.
fat
fatter
fattest
big
bigger
biggest sad sadder saddest
Hece sayýsýkarýlaþtýrma En Üstünlükiki heceli+ -er yada more + sýfat+ -est yada most + sýfat
happy
happier/ more happy
happiest/ most happy yellow
yellower/ more yellow
yellowest/ most yellow
simple
simpler/ more simple
simplest/ most simple
tender
tenderer/ more tender
tenderest/ most tender
busy
busier
busiest
Hece Sayýsýkarþýlaþtýrma En Üstünlüküç yada daha fazla hecelimore + sýfatmost + sýfatimportant
more important most important expensive more expensive most expensive Örnekler:
a. A cat is fast, a tiger is faster but a cheetah is the fastest
b. A car is heavy, a truck is heavier, but a train is the heaviest
c. A park bench is comfortable, a restaurant chair is more comfortable, but a sofa is the most comfortable KARÞILAÞTIRMA
VE EN ÜSTÜNLÜK HALLERÝ DÜZENSÝZ OLAN SIFATLAR
Sýfat
Karþýlaþtýrma
En Üstünlük good
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better
best bad
worse
worst little
less
least much
more
most far
further / farther
furthest / farthest THE + EN ÜSTÜNLÜK
En üstünlük hallerinin önünde mutlaka 'the' kullanýlýrörnekler:
- He is the richest man in the world.
- That is the biggest crocodile I have ever seen.
- She is the tallest girl in her class.
KARÞILAÞTIRMA + THAN
Ýki kiþi yada unsuru ayný sýfatla kerþýlaþtýrýrken mutlaka "than" kullanýlýr.
Örnek:
- Mt. Everest is higher than Mt. Blanc.
- Thailand is sunnier than Norway.
- A car is more expensive than a bicycle.
- Albert is more intelligent than Arthur.
AS + SIFAT + AS
KARÞILAÞTIRMADA HER ÝKÝ UNSUR ARASINDA BÝR FARK OLMADIÐI ZAMAN "KADAR...." ANLAMINDA KULLANILIR
- Peter is 24 years old. John is 24 years old. Peter is as old as John. Örnekler:
- Moscow is as cold as St. Petersburg in the winter.
- Ramona is as happy as Raphael.
- Einstein is as famous as Darwin.
- A tiger is as dangerous as a lion.
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