İNGİLİZCE Derleme 6

YABANCI DİL SEVİYE TESPİT SINAVI
İNGİLİZCE
YDS
Derleme 6
1.
2.
3.
4.
Bu testte 80 soru vardır.
Her soru 1,25 puan değer taşımaktadır.
Yanlış cevap doğru seçeneği götürmeyecektir.
Sınavın toplam süresini 150 dakikadır
NOT: Bu deneme ÖSYM Kurumu tarafından yapılmış sınavlara 2 özgün soru ilavesi
ile oluşturulmuştur.
Toplam 7475 kelime içeren testimiz, gerekli itina gösterilmeye çalışılsa da, herhangi
bir zorluk ayarına tabii tutulmamış olduğundan, büyük ihtimalle sınavda alacağınız
notu gösteremeyecektir.
Ancak durumun ne olduğunu kabaca görmek isteyenler ve toplu deneme yapan
çalışma arkadaşlarım için bir kaynak olarak faydalı olabilir.
Mehmet Mamger
BAŞARILAR DİLERİM.
DENEME NASIL ÇÖZÜLÜR
Çoğu kişi maalesef sınava hazırlanmanın önemli bir parametresi olan deneme çözmeyi ciddiye almaz ve onu
alıştırma ile karıştırır. Oysa deneme bir konuda ustalaşmak için kullandığımız alıştırmalardan çok farklıdır. Amacı
gayet nettir:
1. Seviyenin tespiti
2. İlerleme olup olmadığının tespiti
3. Eksikliklerin tespiti
4. Gerçek sınav için sağlam bir teknik ve yöntem geliştirme
Ben bir deneme çözümünde şu altı kıstasın olmazsa olmaz olduğunu düşünenlerdenim:
1.
TEK OTURUM, TAM SÜRE: Bir sınav tek oturumda ve araya mola verilmeden çözülmeli. Sınav
esnasında bir şey yenilip içilmemeli, tuvalet ve sigara molası da dâhil, araya mola konmamalı. Zira
gerçek sınavda bunları yapma şansımız yok. Her mola, denemedeki puanımızı yükseltecek ve
durumumuz hakkında gerçekçi olmayan fikirlere sahip olmamızı sağlayacaktır. Eğer İKİ BUÇUK
SAATLİK TEK OTURUM yapma şansımız hiç yoksa, verilen her mola için toplam süreden tam 5 dakika
kısaltılmalıdır. Üç defadan daha fazla mola verilmiş ise eğer, artık o sınav bir DENEME SINAVI değildir.
2.
SINAV BİTMEDEN KONTROL YOK: Tüm sorular bitmeden yapacağınız her kontrol, netinizi yukarı
çıkaracak ve durum tespitini imkânsızlaştıracaktır. Oysa gerçek sınavda, mesela 50. sorudayken bile, 3.
soruda verdiğimiz seçeneğin doğru olup olmadığı fikri beynimizi yemeye devam eder. Kuşku ve
belirsizlik, neti aşağı çeker.
3.
TAKILINCA İŞARETLEME GEÇ, SONRA BAK – SÜPÜRME YÖNTEMİ: Boş bırakabilme erdemi, çoğu
kişinin A puanlarına ulaşabilmesinde en önemli etkendir. Basit nedenlerle, okuduğu seçenekte çabuk bir
doğru cevap bulmazsa işaretleme yapmadan geçen bir kişi, daha sonra aynı seçeneğe baktığında
doğruya ulaşacaktır:
•
Uğraştığınız seçenek BOYUNUZUN ÜZERİNDE ve hatta iptal edilecek bir YANLIŞ SORU
olabilir. Onunla uğraşmanız zamanınızı yer ve kendinize inancınızı bitirir. İkisi de size en
lazım olan şey. Oluşan zaman baskısı ve hüsran duygusu, normalde doğru cevaplanabilecek
ve çok daha kolay pek çok sorunun yanlış cevaplanmasına yol açacaktır.
•
Uğraştığınız seçenek çözebileceğiniz zorluktadır ama o anda cevabı hatırlamıyorsunuz veya
doğru açıdan bakmıyorsunuzdur. Israr etmeniz size yardımcı olmaz. Ama başka sorularla
uğraşırken, beyniniz zaten bu soru için de yeter miktarda mesai sarf edecek ve bir daha
baktığınızda soruyu gayet kolaylaşmış olacaktır: Beyniniz problemi çözmüş veya soruya
yeniden bakarken bakış anızı değiştirmişsinizdir.
•
Uğraştığınız sorunun cevabı ya doğrudan veya modelleme mantığına göre okuyacağınız diğer
sorularda gizli olabilir. Siz diğer soruları okurken, beyniniz buradan doğru bilgileri kodlayacak ve
yeniden boş bıraktığınız soruya geldiğinizde, tercihiniz büyük ihtimalle doğru olacaktır.
Unutmayın en büyük kopya, soru kitapçığınızın bizatihi kendisidir.
Soruların hepsini bitirdikten sonra boş bıraktığınız sorulara yine sırayla birkaç defa dönüp, her doğru
cevap çıkmadığında yeniden boş bırakıp geçmeyi unutmayın. Böylece belirli bir süpürme-tarama
yöntemiyle aynı sorulara birkaç kez bakmış olacaksınız. Son 10 dakikada ise artık atma vakti gelmiş
olabilir. Hilelere ancak burada yer veriniz.
4.
SINAV BİTİNCE TAHMİN: Sınavdan sonra kaç net alacağınızı ±5 hata ile bilmeniz, durumunuzu tespitte
çok önemlidir. Bu tahmin bir müddet sonra hangi seçeneği bilerek, hangisini ise sallayarak yaptığınızı
bilmeniz hususunda size olağanüstü bir yetenek kazandıracak ve böylece hangi seçeneği hemen
işaretleyeceğinizi, hangi seçeneği boş bırakıp sonra bakmanız gerektiğini ve hangi seçenekte aslında
atmak durumunuzda olduğunu ve dolayısıyla hile-hurda kullanabileceğinizi bilmenizi sağlayacak.
5.
YANLIŞLARI BİR DAHA ÇÖZ – TURLAMA: Cevapları başkasına kontrol ettirip, yanlış cevaplarınızı bir
daha çözmeye çalışmanız, bir sonraki denemenizde NET ARTIRABİLMENİZ neredeyse en garanti
yoludur. Beyniniz (a) iki şık arasında hangisini seçmeniz gerektiğini öğrenecek, (b) yanlış yaptığı soruyu
bir daha çözdüreceğinizi anladığından, ilk hamlede doğruyu görmeyi başarabilecektir. Turlamayı illaki
tüm soruların cevabını kendiniz buluncaya kadar yapınız. Ama İLK TUR, en öğretici olandır.
6.
KELİME ÖĞREN: Sınavın bir kısmından keklime öğrenmeyi ihmal etmeyin. Bir limitiniz olsun, mesela
100. O sınavdan tam 100 adet bilmediğiniz kelime öğrenmeye bakın. Sadece paragraflardaki kelimelere
bakmanız bile yeterli olabilecektir.
YDS
DERLEME 6
4.
1.-6. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere
uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
1.
2.
MHMT.MMGR
Psychologists say that there is a genetic ---- to
willpower, but that upbringing may also have an
effect.
A) description
B) attachment C) component
D) reaction
E) selection
Expressionist artists in painting, sculpture, and
literature ---- to distort or exaggerate natural
appearance in order to create a reflection of the
inner world.
A) pretended
B) expected
C) tended
D) offered
E) persuaded
The lead from exhaust fumes enters the
atmosphere, mostly as simple lead compounds,
which are poisonous to children's ---- nervous
systems.
5.
It takes great courage for adopted children to ---their biological parents, as they do not know the
real reason why they were given up.
A) exclusive
B) increasing
A) search for
B) put back
C) repeating
D) developing
D) look out
E) confess to
C) run up
E) domestic
3.
6.
Einstein's theory of relativity gives predictions
that differ very little from the older theories of
Galileo and Newton in ---- all everyday
situations.
A) flexibly
B) nearly
D) usefully
E) identically
C) externally
1
Some historians believe that human destiny is
mostly shaped by the efforts of people to ---climate change, migration, disease, etc.
A) go over
B) make up
D) cope with
E) hand in
C) lay down
DERLEME 6
YDS
10. In the future, there will probably be so many
people with the power to send signals ---- space
that it will not be possible to control
communication ---- galaxies.
7.-16. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere
uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
7.
MHMT.MMGR
Investigators ---- various methods over the years
to search for genes that ---- to intelligence,
which is a so-called quantitative trait.
A) are using / should contribute
A) within / over
B) upon / through
C) into / between
D) along / for
E) in/by
B) have used / might contribute
C) use / will contribute
D) may use / contributed
E) would use / are going to contribute
8.
11. The 2010 Nobel Prize ---- chemistry was awarded
---- three chemists all studying carbon
compounds.
New animal trials ---- hope that a cure based on
transplanting stem cells ---- a reality for patients
with Parkinson's in the future.
A) gave / becomes
B) will give / have become
A) of / among
B) for / to
C) in / by
D) about / from
E) on / for
C) could have given / will become
D) have given / became
E) give / could become
9.
12. The exosphere, which is the uppermost layer of
the atmosphere, is an ill-defined zone beginning
somewhere ---- the thermosphere, and fading off
---- the vacuum of space.
Researchers in the 1890s ---- the atom as a
homogeneous sphere of positive charge inside
of which there ---- tiny negatively charged
electrons.
A) visualized / were
B) have visualized / had been
A) between / from
B) on / away
C) under / between
D) above / into
E) about / by
C) had visualized / have been
D) will visualize / are
E) were visualizing / would have been
2
YDS
DERLEME 6
13. ---- electric cars are a welcome development,
they are neither as useful nor as green as their
supporters claim.
A) Since
B) Just as
D) Because
E) Although
15. The assumption that mental functions are at
their sharpest ---- our brains mature in our early
20s has been questioned by a new research
study.
C) Before
B) whereas
D) even
E) likewise
A) when
B) unless
D) as if
E) although
C) until
16. Ankara University was established in 1925, and
many faculties, institutes and schools have
since been set up within it, the first of ---- was
the Faculty of Law.
14. Our memory for emotions is highly selective,
and we tend to remember how good the good
times were, ---- the memories of the bad times
fade more quickly.
A) whenever
MHMT.MMGR
C) as if
3
A) it
B) which
D) that
E) some
C) those
YDS
DERLEME 6
20.
17. - 21. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada
numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da
ifadeyi bulunuz.
The health risks of artificial feeding of infants in the
industrialized world are now (17) ---- .Breastfed
infants receive protection (18) ---- any illnesses
including gastroenteritis, respiratory infections, and
otitis media, and have a lower risk of atopic disease
and insulin-dependent diabetes in childhood, (19) ---women who breastfeed may have less risk of some
cancers and hip fractures in later life. In addition to
the health benefits, there are also significant cost
implications. The United States Department of
Agriculture has estimated that a minimum of $3.6
billion per year (20) ---- if breastfeeding rates were
increased from current levels to (21) ---recommended by the United States Surgeon
General.
B) well-preserved
C) well-established
D) well-built
18.
B) about
D) towards
E) against
A) since
B) while
D) as though
E) as if
B) could save
C) should save
D) were to be saved
21.
E) well-kept
A) for
A) has been saved
E) would be saved
17.
A) well-connected
MHMT.MMGR
C) to
19.
C) even if
4
A) whose
B) which
D) those
E) what
C) them
YDS
DERLEME 6
25.
22. - 26. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada
numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da
İfadeyi bulunuz.
D) result
E) conclusion
A) thoughtful
B) generous
D) immense
E) sensible
A) Therefore
B) Otherwise
C) Initially
D) However
B) had better carry
C) carried
D) was to carry
26.
22.
B) conviction
A) carry
E) would have carried
Nanotechnology is only the latest of a series of
developments in materials science, in which one
studies materials with a (22) ---- towards developing
useful applications. Telecommunications is an
example of an area in which the development of new
materials has had (23) ---- impact, leading to rapid
change in the technology. (24) ----,
telecommunications was restricted to voice
communication by telephone using copper wires to
carry a message in the form of an electrical signal.
Today, it is just as likely that fibres of pure glass, or
fibre-optic cables, (25) ---- the message in the form
of light pulses. An advantage of fibre-optic cable is
that it can carry (26) ---- more information than a
copper-wire cable of similar size.
A) view
MHMT.MMGR
C) move
23.
C) similar
24.
E) Furthermore
5
A) less
B) much
D) many
E) a few
C) too
DERLEME 6
YDS
30. So long as a villager in an unindustrialized
country produced a little more than the family
required, ----.
27. - 36. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun
şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
27. In addition to immunologists working to develop
a successful vaccine and effective drugs to treat
HIV-infected patients, ----.
A)
a vaccine would not be effective against new
antigens and so would quickly become obsolete
B)
developing a vaccine against HIV has also
been a most daunting challenge for them
MHMT.MMGR
A)
his integration into the larger economy through
extra production was finalized
B)
he could enjoy almost complete economic
independence
C) his dependence on the outside world became
complete
D) he wanted to enjoy a lifestyle typical of
industrialized countries
C) HIV often infects the central nervous system
because an effective drug must cross the
blood-brain barrier
E)
he found that his economic freedom was at risk
D) other barriers to the development of a vaccine
include the difficulties in finding human
volunteers for testing
E)
massive educational programmes are being
developed to block the increase of AIDS
31. Although falling house prices could indeed pull
the economy into a harmful downward spiral,
----.
28. As children become more self-critical, ----.
A)
they become more likely to discard their work
B)
they would have wanted to criticize others as
well
A)
insuring against unemployment can be quite
costly
B)
the last reading of consumer spending is
surprisingly weak
C) their work will deteriorate with each selfcriticism
C) slower domestic spending might have speeded
up a possible downturn
D) they would be more likely to repeat their failed
attempts
D) high inflation expectation may keep the house
prices very low
E)
E)
their understanding of the value of criticism will
suffer
32. A newspaper photographer cannot help but
leave traces of his/her personality in his/her
work ----.
29. If user demand were the only driving force
behind innovation, ----.
A)
B)
the initial stage of stove design would seek to
reduce demand
A)
the cooking stove will have been designed in a
way to minimize heat transfer
when s/he is exceptionally calm, patient and
thorough
B) if s/he can capture critical details in a single
frame
C) the cooking stove would be one of the most
sophisticated devices in the world
C) however objective s/he may try to be
D) as if s/he can afford to be fully objective
D) three billion people - nearly half the world's
population - would use a stove every day
E)
the evidence for such an economic disaster is
slim
E) because s/he is only doing a plain and ordinary
job
research on the development of cooking stoves
will be the first priority
6
DERLEME 6
YDS
MHMT.MMGR
35. They did not know that they had been
successful ----.
33. Space solar power is still an idea far ahead of its
time ----.
A)
therefore a national space programme would
be needed to be established first
A)
but various aspects of the question have
already been answered
B)
if more and more effort needs to be put in
developing space tourism
B)
so they decided to celebrate the event
C) even though many claimed the project a failure
C) so engineers can now work on space shuttles
to build orbiting space-stations
D) until they returned and calculated the
measurements
D) but the necessary technology already exists
and is gradually falling in cost
E)
E)
because linguistic diversity is a cultural
resource to be preserved
because no one would have the technology to
develop it further
34. Advocates for reform of the country's political
system are now trying to pressurize the
government for change, ----.
36. ----, in Brook's narrative every piece of
information pushes the story forward.
A)
despite the strong likelihood that they will be
unsuccessful again
A)
While most novels try to inspire and interest
their readers
B)
because they have been encouraged by recent
reports of low crime levels in cities
B)
Although some literary narrative can focus too
much on the plot
C) although they are fully aware that a dictatorship
would be worse than a democracy
C) When the protagonist is tolerant and
enlightened and has high-minded convictions
D) in spite of the possibility that other parties may
join them
D) After each page is turned to reveal the
remarkable achievement in the story
E)
E) Whereas much literary fiction struggles to refer
backwards
while their opponents are trying to undermine
their credibility to govern the country
7
DERLEME 6
YDS
39. Today’s scientists are able to generate
genetically modified animals with new traits,
such as the ability to resist disease, and they use
cloning techniques to reproduce these
genetically modified animals.
37. -42. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümlenin
Türkçesini, Türkçe cümlenin İngilizcesini
bulunuz.
37. Trabzon's Ayasofya Church, which serves as a
museum today, was constructed in the time of
Manuel Comnenos I (1238-1263), one of the kings
of the Trabzon Empire.
A)
B)
Günümüzde müze olarak varlığını sürdüren
Trabzon Ayasofya Kilisesini inşa ettiren,
Trabzon imparatorluğu krallarından 1. Manuel
Comnenos' tur (1238-1263).
Trabzon Ayasofya Kilisesi, Trabzon İmparatorluğu krallarından 1. Manuel Comnenos (12381263) zamanında inşa edilmiştir ve günümüzde
müzeye dönüştürülmüştür.
Trabzon imparatorluğu krallarından 1. Manuel
Comnenos (1238-1263) tarafından inşa ettirilen
Trabzon Ayasofya Kilisesi bugün varlığını müze
olarak sürdürmektedir.
B)
Eski Türk evleri yüzlerce yılda oluşan Türk kent
kültürünün temel yapıtaşlarıdır ve günümüzde
hâlâ varlığını sürdürmektedir.
C) Yüzlerce yılda oluşan Türk kent kültürünün en
önemli yapıtaşlarından sayılan eski Türk evleri,
günümüzde de varlığını sürdürmektedir.
D) Eski Türk evleri yüzlerce yılda oluşan Türk kent
kültürünün, hâlâ varlığını sürdüren temel
yapıtaşlarıdır.
E)
B)
Günümüz bilim adamları, hastalıklara direnç
gösterme yeteneği gibi yeni özellikleri olan
genetiği değiştirilmiş hayvanlar üretebilmekte ve
bu genetiği değiştirilmiş hayvanları çoğaltmak
için klonlama teknikleri kullanmaktadırlar.
E)
38. Old Turkish houses are the structural
cornerstones of Turkish urban culture which
were formed over hundreds of years and are still
alive at present.
Günümüzde de varlığını sürdüren eski Türk evleri, yüzlerce yıllık Türk kent kültürünün oluşmasında en önemli rolü üstlenmişlerdir.
Günümüzde, hastalıklara direnç göstermek gibi
yeni özellikleri olan genetiği değiştirilmiş
hayvanlar üretebilen bilim adamları, bu
hayvanları klonlama teknikleri kullanarak
çoğaltabilmektedir.
D) Günümüz bilim adamlarının, hastalıklara direnç
göstermek gibi yeni özellikleri olan genetiği
değiştirilmiş hayvanlar üretmenin yanı sıra,
genetiği değiştirilmiş hayvanları klonlama
teknikleri kullanarak çoğalttıkları bilinmektedir.
D) Trabzon imparatorluğu kralı 1. Manuel
Comnenos (1238-1263) zamanında inşa edilmiş
olan Trabzon Ayasofya Kilisesi günümüzde müze olarak hizmet vermektedir.
A)
A)
C) Günümüz bilim adamlarının amacı, hastalıklara
direnç göstermek gibi yeni özellikleri olan
genetiği değiştirilmiş hayvanlar üretmek ve bu
genetiği değiştirilmiş hayvanları çoğaltmak için
klonlama teknikleri kullanmaktır.
C) Günümüzde müze olarak hizmet veren Trabzon
Ayasofya Kilisesi, Trabzon İmparatorluğu krallarından 1. Manuel Comnenos (1238-1263) zamanında inşa edilmiştir.
E)
MHMT.MMGR
Yüzlerce yılda oluşan Türk kent kültürünün
temel yapıtaşlarından olan eski Türk evleri,
günümüzde de bu özelliğini korumaktadır.
8
Günümüz bilim adamları, gerek hastalıklara
direnç göstermek gibi yeni özellikleri olan
hayvanlar üretebilmekte, gerekse genetiği
değiştirilmiş diğer bazı hayvanları klonlama
teknikleri kullanarak çoğaltabilmektedirler.
DERLEME 6
YDS
40. Bir barajın inşası başlamadan önce,
mühendisler, barajın ağırlığını kaldırmaya
yetecek kadar güçlü bir temel sağlayacağından
emin olmak için, önerilen bölgenin jeolojik
yapısını incelerler.
A)
B)
MHMT.MMGR
42. Bilim insanları buz kristalleri içinde saklı
doğalgazı çıkarıp sıfır emisyonlu yakıta
dönüştürmenin yollarını arıyorlar ve bunu
başarırlarsa "yanan buz" geleceğin yakıtı olabilir.
In order for the construction of a dam to begin,
the proposed site should first be surveyed by
geological engineers so that they can make
sure the foundation of the proposed site will be
strong enough to support the weight of the
dam.
Before the construction of a dam begins,
engineers survey the geology of the proposed
site to make sure that it will provide a
foundation strong enough to support the weight
of the dam.
A)
The attempt of scientists to find ways of making
a zero-emission fuel out of the natural gas
hidden in ice crystals may make "burning ice"
the fuel of the future.
B)
If scientists are able to extract and transform
the natural gas hidden in ice crystals into a
zero-emission fuel, "burning ice" may become
the fuel of the future.
C) When scientists succeed in turning the natural
gas in ice crystals into a zero-emission fuel,
"burning ice" will become the fuel of the future.
C) Before they start constructing a dam, geologists
and engineers must survey the proposed site,
as its foundations may not be strong enough to
support the weight of the dam.
D) Scientists are trying to get zero-emission fuel
by extracting the natural gas in ice crystals
which may make "burning ice" the fuel of the
future.
D) Prior to the construction of a dam, the geology
of the proposed site should be surveyed by
engineers, as they want to make sure that it
has a strong foundation capable of supporting
the weight of the dam.
E)
E)
By the time the construction of a dam begins,
engineers must have surveyed the geological
features of the proposed area, in case its
foundations are not strong enough to support
the weight of the dam.
41. Vücut bağışıklığı zayıf olan insanlar genellikle
kansere daha yatkındırlar ve bu da bağışıklık sisteminin en azından bazı kanser türlerine karşı koruyucu rol oynadığını gösteren bir gerçektir.
A)
Often people with immune deficiencies are unusually susceptible to cancer and this is
supported by the fact that the immune system is
able to protect the body against at least some
forms of cancer.
B)
Because the body's immune system plays a
protective role against at least some forms of
cancer, people with immune deficiencies are
unusually susceptible to cancer.
C) People with immune deficiencies are often
usually susceptible to cancer, and this is a fact
suggesting that the immune system plays a
protective role against at least some forms of
cancer.
D) Since people having immune deficiencies are
usually extremely susceptible to cancer, it is
suggested that the immune system guards the
body against at least some forms of cancer.
E)
That the immune system plays a protective role
against certain forms of cancer is suggested by
the fact that cancer is more widespread among
people with immune deficiencies.
9
Scientists are looking for ways of extracting and
transforming the natural gas hidden in ice
crystals into a zero-emission fuel, and if they
succeed, "burning ice" may become the fuel of
the future.
DERLEME 6
YDS
MHMT.MMGR
44. As it is pointed out in the passage, string theory
43. - 46. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
cevaplayınız.
The book by physicist Lee Smolin, The Trouble with
Physics, is an all-out attack on string theory in
theoretical physics. String theory aims to unify the
laws governing all physical forces by combining
quantum mechanics with general relativity. It is not
very intuitive as it posits the existence of 10 spacetime. Smolin points out that, not once in its 30 years
of existence, has string theory been validated by a
test result. Although they acknowledge this
weakness, the theory's advocates claim that it helps
to clarify a number of concepts and, most important
of all, it holds the promise of a grand unification.
Smolin's historical account is both brilliant and lively.
The most interesting feature of the book is his
sociological analysis of the way in which string theory
has taken root in academic circles and the
mechanisms that allowed it to gain its present almost
total dominance. How can a community of likeminded scientists have secured such a powerful
position that it is now able to determine the course of
research, to monopolize public funding and to decide
careers, to the point of abolishing all alternative
approaches? Indeed, his analysis is applicable to
many other fields and disciplines.
A)
suffers from quite a number of weaknesses as
its advocates admit
B)
has practical implications for both theoretical
physics and sociology
C) is a theory that is capable of finally explaining 10
space-time
D) still needs to be confirmed by test results
E)
attempts to combine quantum mechanics with
theoretical physics
45. According to the passage, what makes Lee
Smolin's book interesting to read —.
A)
is related to the theories a community of likeminded physicists can develop
B)
lies in the examination of how string theory has
been adopted and become dominant
C) is its power in illustrating how science writers
can affect decisions on public funding and
careers
43. It is clear from the passage that the book by Lee
Smolin —.
A)
D) is that like-minded scholars can agree to
approve public funding for alternative
approaches
questions the value of string theory as well as
the extensive influence of advocating scientists
within the field
E)
is the historical account it provides for the
development of string theory
B) sets out to explain string theory in order to show
its superiority over alternative theories in
accounting for physical laws
C) opens a debate as to how string theory can be
validated by a test result
D) advocates the string theory as it helps to clarify
a number of concepts successfully
E)
46. According to the passage, the writer is of the
opinion that —.
supports the attention string theory has received
in the academic circles who decide the course
of research, funding and future careers
A)
examining physical issues from a historical and
sociological viewpoint is popular among
physicists
B)
Lee Smolin went too far in discrediting string
theory, which is very popular among physicists
C) the sociological analysis done for string theory is
also valid for disciplines other than physics
D) it is the academic circles that decide whether
string theory should be tested or not
E)
10
the way string theory has been endorsed in
theoretical physics is unique to this discipline
DERLEME 6
YDS
48. As It Is pointed out in the passage, Verne's
literary merit —.
47. - 50. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
cevaplayınız.
Best known for his novels 20,000 Leagues Under the
Sea and Around the World in 80 Days, Jules Verne,
the French science fiction pioneer, has always been
a major cultural figure in his native land, France. His
hometown of Amiens continues to remember his
contributions with parades, exhibitions and literary
conferences. Yet, in the English-speaking world,
Jules Verne has been pigeonholed as merely a
young boy's adventure writer, even though he was
successfully able to foresee heavier-than-air flying
machines and moon voyages. In addition, twentieth
century pioneers such as the polar explorer Richard
Byrd, the rocket scientist Wernher von Braun and the
astronaut Neil Armstrong have all said that Jules
Verne's writings inspired them. But now, Jules Verne
enthusiasts are pushing for a reconsideration of the
writer as an influential literary figure, whose 64
novels and stories - of admittedly varying literary
quality -offer not only startling prophecies but also
offer provide a sharp commentary on the Europe and
America of his day.
has been recognized differently in various parts
of the world
B)
was only appreciated after his death
needs to be reconsidered by his enthusiasts
B)
is based on his boy's adventure stories
D) can easily be seen in all his novels and stories
E)
is questioned by a large number of people
49. As it is stated in this passage, —.
A)
Amiens is best known for celebrating 20,000
Leagues Under the Sea and Around the World
In 80 Days
B)
major cultural figures in France are
remembered in parades, exhibitions and
conferences
C) Jules Verne's most famous works are 20,000
Leagues Under the Sea and Around the World
In 80 Days
D) Jules Verne became a science fiction writer with
the publication of 20,000 Leagues Under the
Sea and Around the World In 80 Days
C) lies in his foreseeing of polar explorations and
rocket building
E)
D) has been underestimated in his native land
France
E)
A)
C) was revealed through his prophecies about
Europe and America
47. It can be inferred from the passage that the
importance of Verne's works ----.
A)
MHMT.MMGR
20,000 Leagues Under the Sea and Around the
World In 80 Days are remembered in his
hometown of Amiens
was constantly debated during his lifetime
50. According to the passage, the English-speaking
world —.
A)
is reluctant to see Verne as a children's writer
B)
has underestimated the works of Verne
C) was more interested in the moon voyages than
flying machines
D) recognized the need to put his ideas to use
E)
11
regarded Verne as a pioneer in scientific
developments
DERLEME 6
YDS
52. According to the passage, the method developed
by the research team —.
51. -54. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
cevaplayınız.
Are we born with a limited number of heart cells or is
the heart able to generate new ones? To this longdebated question, researchers at the Karolinska
Institute have come up with an answer: Heart cells
are continually replaced. The renewal rate is 1 % per
year up to age 20 years and decreases over the
years, reaching 0.5% in the '70s. Thus, over a
lifetime, less than half of the myocardial cells are
renewed. The method used by Jonas Frisenna and
his team to uncover the heart's ability to produce new
cells is totally innovative. They determine the age of
heart cells using the carbon-14 dating method.
Following the aerial nuclear explosions conducted
during the Cold War in the 1950s, large quantities of
this radioactive isotope were released into the
atmosphere and absorbed by plant, animal and
human cells and DNA. But since the Nuclear Test
Ban, these quantities of carbon-14 have decreased
quite rapidly. Scientists have analyzed the carbon-14
content of the DNA of heart cells of people born
before and after the nuclear tests to determine when
these cells were generated. The results of this study
open new perspectives in the search for therapies to
alleviate cell death in myocardial infarction.
there is a positive correlation between a high
rate of cell renewal and old age
B)
the renewal rate in the first 20 year of one's life
is three times higher than in later years
A)
can stop cell death in myocardial infarction
B)
involves determining the age of heart cells by
using a radioactive isotope
C) is capable of producing large quantities of
nuclear energy
D) was used in the past to explore the heart's
abilities
E)
was put into practice to protect the heart from
the radiation of nuclear explosions
53. As it is explained in the passage, carbon-14 is a
radio-active isotope that —.
A)
is found naturally in plant, animal and human
cells as well as DNA
B)
existed in large quantities in the atmosphere
and environment before the Cold War period
C) can be identified by a method developed by
Jonas Frisenna and his colleagues
51. According to the passage, on the issue of cell
generation one can understand that —.
A)
MHMT.MMGR
D) can damage more than half of the myocardial
cells in heart
E)
was released in the 1950s by nuclear
explosions during the Cold War
C) as age increases, the renewal rate of heart cells
decreases
54. As it is stated in the passage, researchers
decided to include, in their study, people born
before and after the nuclear tests because —.
D) the replacement of heart cells takes place at a
rate of 1 % per year over a lifetime
E)
more than half of heart cells are replaced over a
lifetime
A)
they wanted to find out when the carbon-14
infected heart cells were produced
B)
they knew that people born before the nuclear
tests had a lot of carbon-14 in their heart cells
C) carbon-14 was having a devastating effect on
the population
D) nuclear tests were responsible for the heavy
carbon-14 content of the DNA of heart cells
E)
12
the results would determine whether carbon-14
was released into the atmosphere
DERLEME 6
YDS
MHMT.MMGR
56. According to the passage, when protostars
contract, —.
55. – 58. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
cevaplayınız.
Stars are believed to begin life as collapsing masses
of hydrogen gas, which are called "protostars". As
collapsing masses start contracting, they heat up.
When the temperature in them reaches 10 million
degrees, nuclear fusion begins and forms heavier
elements, mainly helium at first. The energy released
during these reactions balances the gravitational
force, and the young star stabilizes as a mainsequence star. The tremendous brightness of stars
comes from the energy released during these
thermonuclear reactions. After billions of years, as
helium is collected in the core and hydrogen is used
up, the core contracts and heats further. The
envelope expands and cools, and the star becomes
a red giant. The next stage of stellar evolution
depends on the mass of the star. Stars of residual
mass less than 1.4 solar masses cool further and
became white dwarfs, eventually fading and going
out altogether. If the star's residual mass is greater
than two or three solar masses, it may contract even
further and form a black hole, which is so dense that
no matter or light can escape from it.
A)
their temperature begins to rise and keeps rising
B)
they lose their brightness over a short period of
time
C) they lose their ability for nuclear fusion
D) the amount of hydrogen in them keeps on
increasing
E)
their thermonuclear reactions come to an abrupt
end
57. As it is clear from the passage, helium —.
A)
has a lighter mass which is released as a star
develops
B)
takes billions of years to form inside of
protostars
C) is a heavy element that eventually collects at the
centre of a star
55. As it is pointed out in the passage, stars —.
A)
expand when they reach temperatures of 10
million degrees
B)
stabilize after they become red giants
D) makes up what is called star's outer envelope
E)
plays a minor role in a star's evolution
C) come into being as soon as the nuclear fusion
begins
D) take billions of years to turn into what is called
"a red giant"
E)
can reach a maximum level of temperature of 10
million degrees
58. According to the passage, a red giant can
eventually turn into a black hole if —.
A)
its stellar evolution is reversed
B)
its mass is sufficiently great and it continues to
contract
C) it has a mass less than 1.4 solar masses
D) it continues to expand and cool
E)
13
it gets caught in the gravitational force of
another star
DERLEME 6
YDS
60. According to the passage, the labour market
dynamism in the Danish economy —.
59. – 62. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
cevaplayınız.
The most striking achievement of the successful
Danish economy probably relates to labour market
dynamism. Such an achievement is hard to find
throughout the rest of the world. The unemployment
rate has been brought down from a previously high
level and is now amongst the lowest across Europe.
The Danish labour market model has been called
"flexicurity" which is a combination of flexibility and
security. How is it possible to blend labour market
flexibility, as in the British model, with a generous
unemployment benefit system, as in the continental
European model, while still maintaining high job
security and satisfaction levels? The Danish labour
market model is based on three pillars. First,
moderate employment protection makes it easy for
firms to adjust their workforce to new conditions easy to fire, easy to hire. Second, a generous
unemployment benefit system protects job losers
against significant drops in income, especially for
those at the lower end of the income scale, where
job insecurity is also highest. Third, active labour
market policies are used extensively to bring
relevant qualifications to the unemployed and to test
availability for work.
gives a detailed description of how labour
markets are developed
B)
suggests Britain and Europe should follow the
path of the Danish economy
A)
has left Denmark with easily the lowest
unemployment rate in Europe
B)
is the only factor for the success of the
economy there
C) is being regarded as a model by British
economists
D) has caused high unemployment rates
E)
has generated high employment levels
61. It is implied in the passage that labour market
flexibility, generous unemployment benefits and
job security —.
A)
are collectively referred to as "flexicurity"
B)
are the main ingredients of a successful
economy
C) have been achieved in both the British and
European models
59. Throughout the passage, the author —.
A)
MHMT.MMGR
D) are too much to expect in any average
economy
E)
result in high job-satisfaction levels
C) compares the three models: the Danish, the
British and the European
D) explains the current state of the Danish
economy and how it achieved success
E)
62. As pointed out in the passage, the Danish labour
market model —.
offers the "flexicurity" model as an alternative to
the British one
A)
combines moderate employment protection, a
generous unemployment benefit system, and
active labour market policies
B)
helps companies adjust their workforce to new
conditions through a generous unemployment
benefit system
C) puts the emphasis on the flexibility to fire and
hire a workforce
D) regulates the labour market in such a way that
low income earners are never at risk of losing
their jobs
E)
14
is designed to protect the existing workforce
against economic recession
DERLEME 6
YDS
MHMT.MMGR
65. Laura:
- Do you think computers can someday do
equally well as humans on intellectual tasks?
63. - 67. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş
bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi
bulunuz.
Philip:
- I don’t think so. Human beings can never be
challenged in that area.
63. Jessica:
- Are you going to the opening of the art
exhibition on Friday?
Robert:
- ----
Laura:
- ----
Jessica:
- I really want to, but I don’t want to go alone.
Philip:
- I can never believe that! It is humans that
create artificial intelligence in the first place!
Robert:
- Then, I’ll join you.
A)
Well, some say computers with artificial
intelligence can in fact perform better.
A)
It’s certainly an overview of emerging modern
artists.
B)
O.K., what about the robots that work with
various types of artificial intelligence today?
B)
I’d love to. But I will be away for business.
C) All right then, think of what computers were
capable of doing in the past.
C) Are you interested in painting? I didn’t know
that.
D) It’s received much attention in media.
D) As you say, nowadays, computers can do some
very basic tasks.
E)
E)
Well, I wasn’t planning to. Are you?
64. Henry:
- This is Henry Taylor. Could I talk to Richard,
please?
66. Andrew:
- I’d just like to have a look around the shop.
Shop Assistant:
- ----
Secretary:
- I’m afraid he’s out at the moment. May I take a
message?
Andrew:
- Well, I’m looking for a present for my little
daughter.
Henry:
- Yes, could you ask him to call me back? I
need to talk to him about tomorrow’s meeting;
it’s urgent.
Shop Assistant:
- You’ll certainly find something nice here.
Secretary:
- ---A)
B)
Mr. Taylor, have you looked around the
seminar room?
A)
Why don’t you try another shop?
B)
Which shop are you looking for, sir?
C) We’re about to close. Can you hurry up,
please?
Actually, he went out of the office an hour ago.
D) Anything specific in your mind?
C) Is this very important? I don’t want to bother
him.
E)
D) O.K., Mr. Taylor. I’ll make sure Richard gets
this as soon as possible.
E)
Listen, human beings will never be
outperformed by any device, no matter what!
He has called you at your office number three
times today.
15
Unfortunately, we haven’t got such products.
DERLEME 6
YDS
68. - 71. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada
anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için
getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
67. Robert :
- I hear that, with regard to the current oil crisis,
the US Senate is planning to set up a
subcommittee.
68. Hydroelectric power plants use falling water to
turn the turbines of generators. Therefore, no
heat engine is needed. They are usually located
at the base of a dam. They produce practically
no air pollution or noticeable water pollution of
any kind. ----. However, they may not always be
reliable because of shortage of rainfall, and
there are not many good locations remaining in
which to build dams.
James :
- What do you think the subcommittee will be
authorized to do?
Robert :
- ---James :
- Clearly, this is a matter that the subcommittee
must look into as soon as possible.
A)
As far as I am concerned, the role of the
multinational oil companies in the current crisis
urgently needs to be investigated.
B)
It has been reported that new oil discoveries
can keep up pace with predicted growth in
demand.
A)
The fission process is used in all present
nuclear power plants, since fusion has not yet
been controlled
B)
Most of the electricity produced in the United
States at the present time makes use of a heat
engine coupled with an electric generator
C) Most electricity-producing power plants today
use a heat engine to transform thermal energy
into electricity
C) In my opinion, no country can claim that oil
companies have not behaved in a responsible
manner.
D) Nonetheless, geothermal is a reasonably
inexpensive means of electricity production and
holds considerable promise
D) You know that the Middle East with its rich
reserves supplies most of the oil consumption
in the world.
E)
MHMT.MMGR
E)
Furthermore, they are nearly one hundred per
cent efficient, since very little waste heat is
produced
In fact, during the first half of this year, there
was a rising demand for all petroleum products.
69. One of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded
ripped through central Chile on February 27,
tearing up roads and bridges, reducing buildings
and homes including hospitals to dust. ----.
Describing it as a "catastrophe of unthinkable
magnitude", Chile's president Michelle Bachelet
promised to explore whether his countries
tsunami-warning system had failed.
A)
The government deployed troops to combat
crime, to search for survivors and to restore
order
B)
Residents on the country's shoreline survived
the quake only to drown shortly afterwards
when a tsunami sucked houses into the sea
C) Chile is a country that is rich enough to ensure
that buildings are constructed to withstand even
the biggest quake
D) When the earthquake struck Chile, many of its
engineers and construction experts were
blamed for the destruction
E)
16
Although earthquakes can do terrible harm,
there is the capacity to neutralize them
DERLEME 6
YDS
70. One of the most surprising findings in the field
of taste research was published in a wellrespected scientific journal last week. It seems
that some prominent researchers have recently
come up with a ground-breaking discovery.
According to these researchers, artistic
preferences have a strong genetic component. A
study of 3,000 twins, for instance, revealed that
whether we enjoy listening to jazz or not is
partially heritable. ----.
A)
B)
72. - 75. soruIarda, verilen cümleye anlamca en
yakın olan cümleyi bulunuz.
72. Actually, I try to keep out of her way because,
whenever I do run into her, she pesters me for a
loan.
Other artistic tastes may, of course, also be
influenced by genetics
A)
Whatever you do, don’t ever give her a loan or
you’ll find yourself forced to lend her money
every time she asks for it.
B)
Even so, it’s best to keep out of her way, if you
can, as she takes every available opportunity
to get money out of you.
Indeed, everyone around the world likes jazz
C) In fact, artistic tastes are decided by one's
cognitive ability
C) As a matter of fact, I avoid her as much as
possible since, if we ever do happen to meet,
she’s sure to work on me to lend her money.
D) Less intelligent people may be less musical
E)
MHMT.MMGR
D) Even so, I prefer not to risk a meeting with her
as I know she will do her best to make me lend
her the money.
As a result, taste provides a common reference
point
E)
71. At the time of their arrival in Europe, the Huns
did not acknowledge a single ruler but had
several power-sharing kings who operated
within a ranking system, with one of their
number recognized as senior king. To avoid
overgrazing, the Huns needed to be dispersed
over a wide area and this led to the formation of
th
a developed power structure. In the 5 century,
they began to abandon nomadic pastoralism and
settle in villages. ---- This made possible a
process of political centralization that led to
Ruga becoming sole king of the Huns in 432.
A)
B)
73. By all accounts, the operation was a success,
but the period of recuperation looks like being a
long one.
A)
So long as the operation is carried out
successfully, the period of recuperation that
follows will be short.
B)
Even if the operation is successful, it will be a
long time before he gets back to normal.
C) Since the operation was only a partial success,
we mustn’t expect a speedy recovery.
Loyalty wasn't always the first trait that a king
looked for in his followers at that time.
D) The operation was a huge success, so he is
expected to be back to normal almost at once.
Kings ruled with the support of a chosen elite
class, but the Huns were still deprived of formal
institutions of government.
E)
C) The exact bounds of their conquests are not
known and little is certain about the first
movements of the kings.
D) They became wealthy from raiding, collecting
tribute from subject people and wages for
mercenary service with the Roman armies.
E)
I’d rather not put myself in a position to be
forced to lend her money again.
The Huns were horse archers, so they rarely
wore armour and relied on speed and
manoeuvrability for protection.
17
The operation apparently went off well, but
quite some time may be required for him to
recover fully.
DERLEME 6
YDS
MHMT.MMGR
74. Everyone seems to be on edge these days, but
with the elections so near that is hardly
surprising.
76. - 80. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla
okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü
bozan cümleyi bulunuz.
A) The approaching elections seem to have
caused a higher than average amount of
friction between people.
76.
B) As elections are drawing near, we can expect
such displays of bad-temper.
C) The approach of the elections is no excuse for
such displays of bad-temper.
D) Nowadays tempers everywhere are frayed,
which, I suppose, is only natural, with election
day so close.
E) With elections so close it’s essential that
everyone makes an effort to stay calm.
(I) The mountain kingdom of Bhutan has decided
to build its national policies on improving its gross
national product. (II) The “Easterlin Paradox”,
which states that a nation's happiness actually
declines in relation to its economic growth, was
once thought to be limited to rich Western
countries. (III) However, researchers have recently
shown that it also applies to developing countries.
(IV) For example, even as China experienced
extraordinary economic growth between 1990 and
2000, the percentage of Chinese who described
themselves as very happy fell from 28 per cent in
1990 to 12 per cent in 2000. (V) Experts attribute
this phenomenon to the fact that people’s desires
and expectations change along with their material
fortunes.
A) I
75. The global demand for oil increased
enormously during the postwar era and has
accelerated since.
A)
In the decades following World War II, there
was a dramatic increase in the demand for oil
throughout the world, and this has continued at
an even faster rate.
B)
There was a serious increase in the demand for
oil after World War II, and in fact the demand
has never slowed down.
77.
C) The worldwide demand for oil, which has never
stopped, was particularly high in the years
following World War II.
E)
Following World War II, oil became so
important that there was an increasing demand
for it, and today the demand for oil is still very
high.
18
C) III
D) IV
E) V
(I) “Each day is a journey, and the journey itself is
home”, the poet Matsuo Basho wrote more than
300 years ago in the first entry of his masterpiece
Narrow Road to a Far Province. (II) Today, Basho
is the first writer that many Japanese read
seriously, and many people admire his poetry. (III)
Thousands of people make pilgrimages to his
birthplace and burial shrine, and travel parts of
Basho’s Trail. (IV) After three centuries, his Narrow
Road still speaks to readers around the world. (V)
After his master died, Basho spent most of his life
in Kyoto.
A) I
D) Soon after World War II, the demand for oil in
the world was quite high and has seldom fallen.
B) II
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
YDS
DERLEME 6
78.
(I) France, Russia and the United States are the
world’s biggest exporters of small arms. (II) Last
year they produced 75% of all small arms sold in
the world. (III) But several other countries, such as
Egypt and Israel, are also emerging as major
producers and traders. (IV) Especially in the Middle
East, the problem of arms smuggling is
widespread. (V) For instance, in 2006 Israel
exported $175 million worth of small arms.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
MHMT.MMGR
80. (I) Moving slowly helps the pygmy three-toed sloth
escape the notice of predators. (II) The sloth can
move quickly when threatened, but generally
expends no more energy than is necessary to hang
around all day eating leaves. (III) Confined to one
remote island that separated from Panama long
ago, this smaller cousin of mainland sloths has
managed to survive quietly so far, but any
disruption to its habitat could have huge
consequences. (IV) Algae that sometimes coats its
fur adds another level of camouflage. (V) Nearby
development could well be the end of it.
E) V
79. (I) More people than ever before live in areas
vulnerable to natural disasters. (II) For average
citizens, this research translates to better
preparedness when faced with the unexpected. (III)
Over a billion people live under the shadow of the
world’s 1,900 active volcanoes, yet only a few of
these volcanoes are adequately monitored. (IV)
Accurate weather forecasting is the best defense
against hurricanes, but landfall predictions remain
inaccurate by an average of 70 miles, and many
hurricane warnings go unheeded. (V) Tsunamis can
form too quickly for an official warning, but
recognizing the immediate signs, such as a rapidly
receding ocean, can give people precious minutes
to reach safety.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V
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ile
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