İngilizce – 2 - Açık Öğretim Kurumları

Transkript

T.C.
MİLLÎ EĞİTİM BAKANLIĞI
AÇIK ÖĞRETİM OKULLARI
AÇIK ÖĞRETİM LİSESİ – MESLEKİ AÇIK ÖĞRETİM LİSESİ
İNGİLİZCE
2
DERS NOTU
YAZAR
Zeynel AKİFBEY
ANKARA 2014
MEB HAYAT BOYU ÖĞRENME GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ YAYINLARI
AÇIK ÖĞRETİM OKULLARI DERS NOTLARI DİZİSİ
Copyright © MEB
Her hakkı saklıdır ve Millî Eğitim Bakanlığına aittir. Tümü ya da bölümleri izin
alınmadan hiçbir şekilde çoğaltılamaz, basılamaz ve dağıtılamaz.
Yazar
: Zeynel AKİFBEY
Grafik
: Hatice DEMİRER
Resimleme : Sevgi MERT
Kapak
: Güler ALTUNÖZ
CONTENTS
UNIT ONE
NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT
Section 1: Animals (Hayvanlar) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13
Section 2: Natural Disasters (Doğal Afetler) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28
Section 3: Clothes And Flowers (Giysiler ve Çiçekler) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38
UNIT TWO
SCIENCE
Section 1: Cholesterol And Your Heart (Kolesterol ve Kalbiniz) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57
Section 2: Life – cycles (Hayat Döngüsü) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61
Section 3: Inventions And Discoveries (İcatlar ve Keşifler) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64
UNIT THREE
COMMUNICATION
Section 1: Newspapers And Magazines (Gazeteler ve Dergiler) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87
Section 2: TV And The Net(Televizyon ve İnternet) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94
Section 3: What Happened To Writing Letters? (Mektup Yazmaya Ne Oldu?) _ 97
ÖNEMLİ AÇIKLAMALAR
Elinizdeki bu ders notları,siz uzaktan eğitim alan öğrencilerin durumları göz önüne alınarak hazırlanmıştır. Ayrıca Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı tarafından yayımlanan “İngilizce Dersi Öğretim Programı” esas alınarak hazırlandı. Buna göre bu çalışma kitabınız, başlıkları programa göre belli olan altı ana tema ve her temaya ait üçer
içerikten (section) ibarettir.
– Yukarıda da değindiğimiz gibi, siz Açık Öğretim Lisesi öğrencileri için hazırlanan
bu çalışma, kolay kavramanız için içerisinde Türkçe açıklamaları olan, çeşitli etkinlikleri
olan, direkt gramer unsurlarına yer vermekten ziyade, onları diyalog ve okuma parçaları içerisinde fonksiyonel olarak göreceğiniz bir çalışmadır. Böylece programın dayandığı
“Diller için Avrupa Ortak Başvuru Metni”inde de istendiği gibi, gramer kurallarını ezberlemek yerine sizin ihtiyaçlarınıza yönelik, başkaları ileiletişim kurmanızı sağlayacak kazanımlar ve ifade biçimleri esas hedef halinde tutulmuştur.
– Her temanın (ünitenin) başında sizi yönlendirecek önemli açıklamalar vardır.
Ayrıca kazanımlarınızdan özet şeklinde söz edilmektedir. Bunları takip ediniz.
– Ünite veya içerik (section) içerisinde sizi bilgilendirecek Watch Out! (Dikkat et!)
kutucukları ve Explanations (Açıklamalar) bölümleri bulunmaktadır. Bunları dikkatle
okuyunuz.
– Çalışmalarımızda önceki ünitelerde öğrenilen çoğu konuların ve ifadelerin yeni
ünitelerde yeni ifade ve anlatım şekillerinin yanında tekrarlanması, hatırlatılması ve
sarmalanmasını da göreceksiniz.
– Sizden yapmanızı istediğimiz etkinliklerin cevapları ilgili ünitenin sonunda yer
almaktadır. Etkinlikleri cevaplara bakmadan yapınız. Daha sonra karşılaştırınız.
– Her temanın sonunda temaya ait birer test vardır. Bunları, cevaplarına bakmadan yapmaya çalışınız. Daha sonra cevaplarına bakınız.
– Öğreneceğiniz yeni kelimelerin anlamlarını ünite içerisinde öğrenmeye çalışacaksınız. Her temaya ait yeni kelimeleri kitabınızın sonunda okunuşları, Türkçe ve İngilizce anlamları ile birlikte göreceksiniz.
Bu ders materyalini destekleyen TV ders programlarınızı izlemeyi unutmayınız.
CONTENTS
UNITS
UNIT ONE
NATURE AND
ENVIRONMENT
Section 1 Animals
(Hayvanlar)
Section 2 Natural Disasters
(Doğal Afetler)
Section 3 Clothes and Flowers
(Giysiler ve Çiçekler)
UNIT TWO
SCIENCE
Section 1 Cholesterol and Your
Heart
(Kolesterol ve Kalbiniz)
FUNCTIONS(Kazanımlar)
Geçmiş bir olayı anlatır, karşılaştırmalar yapar, duygu ve düşüncelerini ifade eder.
LANGUAGE
STRUCTURES
past con. tense
present perfect
tense
comparative and
superlatives
Cümleleri basit bağlaçlarla bağlar, (but, because gibi) gibi. Sorular yazar ve sorar. Bilet almayı,
yol sormayı öğrenir.
Öneride bulunur, kısa metin yazar, günlük tutar, liste oluşturur.
adverbs/adjectives
conditional 0/1
wish clauses
Şikayet mektubu yazar, okuduklarından bilgi ayırt eder, dilek ve
istekleri ifade eder.
passive voice
(present/past)
have to
Section 2 Life-cycles
(Hayat Döngüsü)
Section 3 Inventions and
Discoveries
(İcatlar ve Keşifler)
UNIT THREE
COMMUNICATION
Section 1 1 Newspapers and
Magazines
(Gazete ve Dergiler)
Section 2 TV and the NET
(TV ve İnternet)
Section 3 What Happened To
Writing Letters?
(Mektup Yazmaya Ne Oldu?)
Telefonda konuşma, izin isteme,
davet etme, yiyecek ve içecek sıpariş etmeyi öğrenir.
conditional type 2
Hava durumu, spor ve evcil hayvanlarla ilgili soru sorar.
preferences
Form doldurur, not alır, tercihlerde bulunur.
reported speech
pronouns
UNIT ONE
NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT
ENGLISH TWO (İNGİLİZCE 2)
UNIT ONE
KAZANIMLAR:
Geçmiş bir olayı anlatır, karşılaştırmalar yapar, duygu ve düşüncelerini ifade
eder. Cümleleri basit bağlaçlarla bağlar, (but, because gibi.) Sorular yazar ve sorar.
Bilet almayı, yol sormayı öğrenir.
YAPMANIZ GEREKENLER:
1. Diyalog ve metinleri dikkatle okuyunuz.
2. Diyalog ve metinler içerisinde koyu veya renkli yazılarak vurgulanmak istenen
cümle veya yapılara dikkat ediniz.
3. Watch Out! (Dikkat et!) başlığı altındaki kutucuklar içerisinde bulunan açıklamalı bilgileri ve “Explanations” kısmındaki açıklamaları dikkatle okuyunuz.
4. Her (Section) bölüm içerisinde yapmanız istenen etkinliler, diyalog ve metinlerde öğretilenlerin benzerleridir.Cevapları (Section) bölümün arkasında bulunan bu etkinlikleri yaptıktan sonra doğru cevapları ile karşılaştırınız, kendinizi
deneyiniz.
5. Anlamını bilemediğiniz sözcüklerin , anlamlarını kullanıldığı yerlerde tahmin
etmeye çalışınız. Emin olmadığınız durumlarda, kitabınızın arka kısmında yer
alan, yanlarında okunuşları, Türkçe ve İngilizce anlamları bulunan bu sözcüklere bakabilirsiniz.
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SECTION 1 (BÖLÜM 1)
ANIMALS
Think of a world without animals; Is it difficult or easy? Is it lovely or boring? No
birds singing in the mornings, no honey bees making honey, no fish in the ponds…
Our surroundings would be empty. Nobody wants a world without animals.
The animal family is very large and has a variety of animals. They have different shapes and size.We study about them in the branch of Biology and Zoology.
Animals have been very important for human kind up to now. What do these words
remind you?: carry loads, milk, meat, cheese, pets, wool, silk, honey, dung, leather,
eggs…
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Read the conversation between a donkey and a goat.
(Bir keçi ve eşek arasında geçen diyaloğu okuyalım.)
Goat
: Hey, what have you done for your owner up to now?
Donkey : Let me think ........ . .Er . . . . I can’t remember. Sometimes there are
heavy things on my back.
Goat
: When you travel with your owner, do you walk side by side?
Donkey : No, my owner is generally on my back. I have just remembered; I
think, I have carried my owner and heavy things in all my life.
Goat
: Well done! You are really clever.
Donkey : Yes. I think so, too. Thank you. By the way, what have you done for
your owner up to now?
Goat
: I have given them milk.
Donkey : Where did you buy milk for them?
Goat
: I produced it myself.
Donkey : Wow! Your job is easier than mine.Will you please teach me the
same things?
Goat
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: Ha ha! It’s hard.
Explanations:
Diyalogda geçen bazı cümleleri incelediğimizde,öğrenmeye çalıştığımız ifade
biçimini kavramış oluruz. Önce up to now = şimdiye kadar, kelime öbeğinin ifade
ettiği bizim için önemlidir.Bu ifade bir işin, eylemin geçmişte başlayıp hâlâ (belli aralıklarla)veya kesintisiz devam ettiğini vurgulamaktadır.
What have you done for your owner up to now? (Sahibin için şimdiye kadar ne
yaptın?), I have carried my owner and heavy loads. (Sahibimi ve ağır yükler taşıdım.)
Örnek cümlede iş ve eylemin geçmişte başlayıp hâlen devam ettiğini göstermektedir. Eşeğin bu işi artık yapmadığını gösteren bir durumdan söz edilmemektedir.
I have given them milk. ( Onlara süt verdim, (vermekteyim.) Bu örnekten de
şunu anlıyoruz: Bu güne kadar süt verdi ve vermeye devam etmektedir.
She has given them milk. Görüldüğü gibi, özneye göre, HAVE-HAS ve fiilin 3.
şekli olan bir yapı söz konusudur.
READING
Have you ever been to a zoo?
I’m not pleased with the conditions animals are living in. They are imprisoned
in cages. Improved living conditions are expected as close to their natural habitats
as possible.
“European Union Zoo Directive is coming into effect. It has already forced
zoos to review their role in animal welfare. Recently, British zoos have created
natural environment for animals. They believe, animals can live there happily.”
Okuma parçası içerisinde geçen:
1. It has already forced zoos. (O hayvanat bahçelerini zorladı bile.) şeklinde İçerisinde already = hâlihazırda, bile anlamına gelen kelimenin bulunduğu cümleleri
bir şeyin düşünülen zamandan daha önce yapıldığını söylemek için kullanmaktayız.
I have already written it. (Onu yazdım bile.)
She has already finished the report. (O, raporu bitirdi bile.)
2. Recently British zoos have created natural environments. (İngiliz hayvanat
bahçeleri son zamanlarda doğal ortamlar oluşturdular.) Recently = son zamanlarda
anlamına gelen sözcüğün bulunduğu cümleler ile, yakın zamanlarda tamamlanan,
veya yapılan eylemleri ifade edebiliriz.
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Recently, I haven’t seen him. (Son zamanlarda onu görmedim.) It has been
difficult recently. (O son zamanlarda zorlaştı.)
Read the dialogue between two friends below.Underline the sentences
with have/has-verb.
(İki arkadaş arasında geçen diyaloğu okuyun ve içerisinde have – has bulunan
cümlelerin altını çiziniz.)
A : Have you ever seen a bear?
C : Yes, I have. I saw one last year.
A : Where did you see?
C : I saw at the zoo.
A : Why did you go to the zoo?
C : I wanted to take a walk near the zoo. I just saw the bears.
A : They are lovely animals. I watched a documentary about them. They are in
bad conditions at the zoos..
C : I think so.
A : By the way, you look thin. You have lost at least ten kilos, right?
C : Yes, I have.I play football with my close friend Aldo and the others.
A : Where is Aldo now?
C : At home. He is sad these days.He has failed his test.
A : How long have you been friends?
C : We have been friends for five years.
A : Have you and your friend been to İstanbul?
C : Yes, we have; what about you?
A : No, not yet.
Have you ever seen a bear? (Sen hiç ayı gördün mü?) şeklinde sorulan soru ile
muhatabımızın böyle bir şeyi yaşayıp yaşamadığı, başından böyle bir tecrübenin
geçip geçmediği sorulmaktadır.
I have read that book seven times. (Ben o kitabı yedi defa okudum.) şeklindeki
ifade de bir tecrübeden söz edilmektedir. Yedi defa okuduğu kitabı bundan sonra
da okuyabilir. Tekrarlanan bir yaşanmışlık.
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You have lost at least ten kilos. (Sen en az on kilo vermişsin.) Sonucu ortada
olan bir durum söz konusudur. Kişi on kilo vermiş ve şu anda o hâli görülmektedir.
I have repaired your car. (Arabanızı tamir ettim, bitti) Araba şu anda tamir edilmiş şekli ile ortada durmaktadır.Tamamlanmış bir neticeden, bir işten söz edilmektedir.
He has failed his test. (Sınavında başarısız oldu.) Şu anda bir sonuç ortada,
sınav geçilmedi.
We have been friends for five years. (Biz beş yıldır arkadaşız.) şeklinde eskiden
başlayıp hâlen devam etmekte olan bir durum ifade edilmektedir. Arkadaşlık hâlâ
devam etmektedir.
Unutulmaması gereken önemli iki hususu belirtmemiz gerekir:
1. Hiçbir eylemin oluş zamanından söz edilmemektedir.
2. İş, oluş ve eylemlerin hep şu anla bir ilişkisi bulunmaktadır. İş veya eylem
eskiden başlayıp hala devam etmekte veya tamamlanmış şu an sonuçları ortada,
veya eskiden olmuş ve hâlâ aralıklarla devam etmektedir veya devam etme ihtimali
söz konusudur.
ACTIVITY 1. Match the sentences to their use.
(Cümleleri kullanım şekilleri ile karşılaştırınız.)
a) I have been to İstanbul, how about you?
b) She is happy. She has painted her hair.
c) They have been friends for seven years.
d) He has lost ten kilos. or (I have bought this car.)
e) Prime Minister has visited Istanbul University.
f ) I have seen that film five times.
1. an action which has finished recently, having a visible result in the
present (sonucu meydanda olan, görülebilen, biten bir iş)
2. an experience (yaşanmış bir tecrübe bir olay)
3. recent changes (sonucu ortada olan bir değişiklik)
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4. an action began in the past and continues up to the present (geçmişten
başlayıp, halen devam eden bir iş, eylem)
5. the first sentence when giving news (haberlerde ilk cümle)
6. a repeated action (tekrar edilen bir iş, eylem)
Watch Out!
I haven’t seen Ömer at work today.
(Ömer’i bugün işte görmedim.)
It is stil daytime (İş günü henüz bitmemiştir.)
I didn’t see Ömer at work today. (Ömer’i bugün işte görmedim.) (İş günü bitmiş.)
The working day finished.
Watch Out!
have / has – verb (past participle)
positive;
I
You
We
They
have
finished it.
He
She
It
Reha
has
drunk it.
negative;
I haven’t washed them.
(have not)
I haven’t written the report.
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Question: Have you won the play? What have you done? (Ne yaptınız?)
Time expressions used with this structure:
(Bu tür cümle yapıları ile birlikte kullanılan zaman ifadeleri):
how long – ne kadar uzun süredir
already
– hâlihazırda, bile
yet
– henüz
just
– henüz şimdi
ever
– hiç
never
– asla
so far
– şimdiye kadar
recently
– son zamanlarda
I haven’t seen him for a week. (Bir haftadır onu görmedim.)
for years (yıllardır)
for a year (bir yıldır)
for a day (bir gündür)
for ten days( on gündür)
She has been here since yesterday. (O dünden beri burada bulunmaktadır.)
since last year (geçen yıldan beri)
since 1998 (1998 den beri )
since May (mayıs tan beri)
since you came here (siz buraya geldiğinizden beri)
I have used this car since 2003. (2003 ten beri bu arabayı kullanmaktayım.)
How long have you lived in Ankara? (Ne kadar uzun süredir Ankara’da yaşamaktasınız?
She hasn’t finished it yet. (O henüz onu bitirmedi.)
They have just gone out. (Onlar, henüz dışarı çıktılar.)
Have you ever been to a zoo? (Siz hiç bir hayvanat bahçesine gittiniz mi?)
He has never eaten meat. (O hiç et yememiştir.)
You have been ill recently. (Son zamanlarda hastalandınız.)
Görüldüğü gibi olay veya eylemlerin şu anla bir şekilde bir ilişkisi vardır.
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I have been ill for three days
I was ill five days ago
Geçmişte başlayan bir iş veya eylemin, şu ana gelinceye kadar aldığı vaziyet ve
sonuçlarını ifade etmek bu yapının önemli bir özelliğidir.
ACTIVITY 2. Complete the sentences as in the example.
(Cümleleri örnekte yapıldığı gibi tamamlayınız.)
I can’t see well. I have lost my glasses.
1. Turgut is very happy. He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . his exam.(pass)
2. Carol is very rich now. She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the lottery.(win)
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3. Alice isn’t here.
She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the cat for a walk.(take)
4. He can’t walk.
He .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . his leg.(break)
5. They are sad.
They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the game.(lose)
ACTIVITY 3. Complete the questions ,as in the example.
(Soruları örnekte yapıldığı gibi tamamlayınız.)
Have you ever flown in a plane?
No, I haven’t flown in a plane.
1. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
Yes,I had a dog when I was five.
2. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
No, she has never been to Spain.
3. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
Yes, I have. I slept in a tent last May.
ACTIVITY 4. Look at the conversations and choose the best sentence (a or b)
(Doğru seçeneği işaretleyiniz.)
Example:
– Have you heard about the man climbing the Ağrı Mountain?
– Yes, he has reached the frozen area.
X a)The walk is continuing.
b)The walk has finished.
1. Have you ever played football?
Yes, I played it on holiday.
a) The holiday is still going on.
b)The holiday is over (finished)
2. Did you know Mr. Manço?
– No,I never met him.
a) Mr. Manço is probably alive.
b) Mr. Manço is probably dead.
3. Tony is a good footballer.
– Yes,he has scored 100 goals for his team.
a) Tony still plays football for his team.
b)He has left his team.
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ACTIVITY 5. Use this , last, today or yesterday in the spaces.
(Boşluklarda this ,last, today veya yesterday kullanınız.)
1. It has been wet so far ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . week,but . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . week
was very dry.
2. I went shopping earlier .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and spent all my money ı earned
.........................
3. I didn’t have many visitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . year.I have had a lot more ...
............................. year.
I have been waiting here for twenty minutes. (Yirmi dakikadır burada bekliyorum.) Yukarda gördüğümüz (present perf.) ifade şekillerinin continuous şeklidir.Genellikle işin devam ettiğini veya bir yakınmadan söz ederken kullanıyoruz.
Somebody has been sitting on my arm chair again. Birileri yine koltuğumda oturmuş. (Kirlenmiş.)
I / you / we / they have been waiting.
He / she / it has been waiting.
Read and follow the explanations
A Past Event
“The shadows were growing longer and the sky was getting dark as we walked
through the jungle and we felt exhausted.We were heading for a small village near
the jungle. When the daylight disappeared, we began to feel very lost and afraid.
It was hard to follow the path in the darkness. All the creatures around us made
terrifying noises, then began to hunt for food. We hoped they wouldn”t want to eat
us.
Our friend, George was in front. He stopped suddenly. We froze in horror.
It was the most dangerous animal in the jungle,tiger. It was coming towards us
roaring loudly. Suddenly it stopped and I noticed that it had six legs, two of them
human ! “Hello” he said smiling broadly. “I”m Abdi from the village.
It is traditional for us to wear tiger skin to greet new guests. I hope you don’t
mind. “Recovering from the shock, we began to laugh. We followed Abdi to the
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village. After a delicious meal, we sat around the fire and listened to real tiger stories
in the jungle”.
some useful phrases (bazı faydalı ifadeler)
to grow longer – gittikçe uzamak
to get dark – kararmak
to head for – … e doğru ilerlemek
broadly – kabaca
loudly – yüksek sesle
to feel exhausted – bitkin his etmek, bitkin düşmek
Okuduğumuz parçada geçen bazı cümleler:
The shadows were growing longer. (Gölgeler uzuyordu.)
in the past (geçmişte)
The sky was getting dark. (Gökyüzü kararıyordu)
We were heading for a small village. (Biz küçük bir
köye doğru ilerliyorduk.)
Yukarıdaki eylemler, oldukları anda anlatılsaydı şöyle söylenirdi:
The shadows are growing longer. (Gölgeler uzuyor.)
now (şimdi)
The sky is getting dark. (Gökyüzü kararıyor.)
We are heading for a small village. (Biz küçük bir köye
doğru ilerliyoruz.)
Cümlelerde yapısal değişiklik olarak am, is, are yerine
was, were kullanıyoruz.
ACTIVITY 6. Write now or in the past before the sentences below.
(Aşağıdaki cümlelerin önüne now veya in the past yazınız.)
1. I‘m doing the exercises.
2. She was shouting in the room.
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3. They are sleeping in the garden.
4. Reha is working.
5. I was doing some shopping.
6. She is shouting in her room.
7. They were sleeping in the room.
8. Cem was working.
ACTIVITY 7. Write questions to the answers.
(Verilen cümlelerin sorularını yazınız.)
1. ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
I was working in the garden.
2. ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yesterday evening?
I was studying in my room.
3. ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . games?
Yes,they were playing games.
4. ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
No, they weren’t painting the door.
5. ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
Five students were coming.
24
Watch Out!
I
He
She
It
Ali
was
playing
We
You
They
were
reading
While = iken
While you were sleeping (Siz uyuyor iken)
While you were sleeping, he came in.
When she came in = o içeri girdiği zaman
When she came in, you were sleeping.
ACTIVITY 8. Do the exercises as in the example.
(Alıştırmaları örnekte yapıldığı gibi yapınız.)
Somebody knocked at the door. He was sleeping .
When somebody knocked at the door, he was sleeping.
Somebody knocked at the door while he was sleeping.
(O uyuyorken biri kapıyı çaldı.)
1. She was watching TV. The little boy broke the glass.
. . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. They got on the bus. He was crying.
. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
3. The teacher was writing the exercises on the board.
One of the students fainted.
.................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ACTIVITY 9. Read “Lost in The Jungle” again and answer the following
questions. (Lost in The Jungle parçasını tekrar okuyun ve aşagıdaki soruları cevaplayınız.)
1. Where were they going?
................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Why was it hard to follow the path?
.................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. What did the creatures do when it got dark?
.................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Did they see a real tiger?
.................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Who frightened them ?
.................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
He stopped suddenly. (O aniden durdu.)
Look at the sentences carefully. (Cümlelere dikkatle bak.)
It was coming towards us loudly. (O bize doğru gürültülü bir şekilde geliyordu.)
durdu – nasıl? (suddenly) aniden
bak – nasıl? (carefully) dikkatle
geliyordu-nasıl? (loudly) gürültülü bir şekilde
Eylemin nasıl yapıldığını gösteren kelimeleri görüyorsunuz.
26
Bir başka söyleyiş ile cümlenin fiilinin ne şekilde işlediğini ortaya koymaktadırlar. Bunlara Türkçede “zarf” diyoruz.
We usually form adverbs(zarf ) by adding “ly” to the adjective. Genellikle zarfları, sıfatlara “ly” ekleyerek oluşturuyoruz.
broad – kaba, broadly
= kabaca, kaba bir şekilde
loud – gürültülü, loudly = gürültülüce, gürültülü bir şekilde
silently = sessizce
urgently = acil bir şekilde
ACTIVITY 10. Use the given words in the spaces.
(Verilen kelimeleri boşluklarda kullanınız.)
moved – shouted – cried – ran – smiled
1. She .............. broadly when she saw the note.
2. The thief .............. silently around the house.
3. He .............. urgently to the firefighter.
4. “Be quiet” .............. her mother loudly.
5. A cat .............. out suddenly in to the path.
27
NATURAL DISASTERS
28
29
Which of these do you know? You can put a tick before them.
(Aşağıdakilerden hangilerini biliyorsanız önüne bir tik işareti koyunuz.)
1. hole in ozone layer
2. volcanic eruption
3. flood
4. rising water levels
5. famine
6. overfishing
7. deforestation
8. acid rain
9. industrial waste
10. ultraviolet radiation
11. rubbish
12. typhoon
13. earthquake
14. oil spills
15. air pollution
16. water pollution
17. noise pollution
18. land pollution
30
Look at the pictures and try to match the words above (on page 30) with
the pictures.
(Resimlere bakınız ve yukarıdaki kelimeleri (sayfa 30) resimlerle karşılaştırmaya çalışınız ve kelimeleri altlarına yazınız.)
......................................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
. . . . . . . . . . . . ......................... ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................... ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Read the dialogues and try to find the environmental problem in each
dialogue.
(Diyalogları okuyun ve her diyalogdaki çevresel sorunun ne olduğunu bulmaya çalışınız.)
1. Kate : There was a warning on the radio this morning.
Brad : What warning ?
Kate : The air ! Air quality will not meet recommended levels.
Brad : What do you mean?
Kate : I mean, the air over the city is like a thick cloud of polluted gas all
around us.
Brad : Horrible!
Kate : Doctors recommend that the elderly and people with breathing
difficulties should stay inside all day.
2. David : Where is today’s newspaper?
Helen : There , on the table , why ?
David : The next door neighbour is on the front page.
Helen : Oh.. is he in trouble ?
David : No, he organised a campaign against those who wants to build
new tall buildings near the park.
Helen : He is right. I support him.
David : Yes, that’s right.He and his supporters are living in the trees there
to stop cutting the trees down
Helen : He and his friends are trying to protect the environment.
Otherwise this area will be deforested. Shall we join them?
33
David : Why not?
3. Reha : Let’s go ,it’s a waste of time.We haven’t caught any fish so far.
Dave : I’m not surprised,look at the lake! It’s all mess.What you catch
here is a disease ,not fish.
Reha : I can’t understand how it got so dirty.
Dave : Factories are pumping their industrial waste into it.
Reha : I hate those people.
ACTIVITY 1. Which dialogue is about: a) deforestation (ağaç katliamı)
b) water pollution (su kirliliği)
c) air pollution (hava kirliliği)
Dialogue 1 ......................... 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 .........................
Explanations: He is like a baby. (O bir bebek gibidir.)
He likes babies. (O bebekleri sever)
“LİKE” fiil olarak sevmek, hoşlanmak anlamlarına gelmektedir.
Bunun yanında cümle içerisinde am, is, are gibi “to be” fiilleri ile birlikte kullanıldığı zaman, GİBİ anlamındadır.
What is he like? – O ne gibidir, nasıl biridir? gibi. “The air over the city is like a
thick cloud of polluted gas.” gibi.
some phrases:
a thick cloud – kalın bir bulut
polluted gas – kirlenmiş gaz
industrial waste – endüstriyel atık
get dirty – kirlenmek
warning – uyarı
environmental problems – çevresel proplemler
34
Read the dialogue,then follow the explanations.
(Diyaloğu okuyunuz ve açıklamaları takip ediniz.)
Andy : Which natural disaster is the most dangerous, volcanic eruption or
earthquake?
Betül : What do you mean by saying “the most dangerous”?
Andy : The most dangerous is the biggest, very very big.
Betül : I understood, in Turkish we say “en büyük, en tehlikeli”.
Andy : Yes, that’s right. I know some Turkish, now answer my question
please.
Betül : I think earthquake is the most dangerous disaster. Because you know
ıt caused very serious environmental damage in Japan and Turkey
and thousands of people died. But ,volcanic eruption does not cause
such a big damage.
Andy : You are right.
Explanations: Diyalogda geçen “the most dangerous” dikkatinizi çekmiştir. Sıfatları derecelendirirken (güzel, daha güzel, en güzel gibi.) bazı kuralları takip ediyoruz.
big (büyük), bigger (daha büyük), the biggest (en büyük)
1. One – syllable adjectives add (er) to form comparative and (est) to form
superlatives. (Tek heceli sıfatlara “er” ekliyerek “daha” comparative şeklini,
“est” ekleyerek de “en” superlative şekillerini oluşturabiliyoruz.
tall (uzun), taller (daha uzun), the tallest (en uzun)
short (kısa), shorter (daha kısa), the shortest (en kısa) gibi.
2. Adjectives of two or more syllables take “more” for comparative and the
“most” for superlative forms. (İki ve daha çok heceli sıfatların önlerine
“more” konularak “daha” comparative, the “most” konularak “en” superlative
şekilleri oluşturulur.
important (önemli), more important (daha önemli), the most important (en önemli) intelligent (zeki), more intelligent (daha zeki), the
most intelligent (en zeki) valuable (değerli), more valuable (daha değerli), the most valuable (en değerli).
35
3. One – syllable adjectives ending in a vowel and a consonant double the
consonant. (Tek heceli sıfatlardan,sonu sesli + sessiz bir harf şeklinde bittiği zaman sondaki sessiz harf comparative ve superlative şekillerinde (double) çift olurlar.
big – bigger – biggest
4. Two – syllable adjectives ending in a “consonant + y”; in comparatives and
superlatives, they drop “y” and take “ier” and “iest”.
(İki heceli olup,sonu “y” ile biten ve “y” den önceki harfin de sessiz bir harf
olması durumunda “y” düşer, comparative durumda “ier” ve superlative
hâlde ise “iest” alır.)
lucky(şanslı), luckier, luckiest
crazy(çılgın), crazier, craziest
There are also some irregular adjectives. (Bazı düzensiz, kuraldışı sıfatlar da
vardır.)
good – better – (the) best (en iyi)
bad – worse – (the) worst (en kötü)
little – less – (the) least (en az)
We use comparative form to compare two people, two things or places.
(Sıfatların comparative şekli ile iki insanı, iki şeyi veya yeri karşılaştırabiliriz.
Burada comparative sıfattan sonra “than” (den, dan) kullandığımızı unutmayalım.)
Reha is taller than Cem (Reha Cem’den daha uzundur.)
as ................ adj .......... . . . . . . as , as young as = . . . . . . kadar genç
as big as = ...... kadar büyük
Ali is as tall as Ömer. (Ali Ömer kadar uzundur.)
ACTIVITY 2. Read the paragraphs and find sentences with comparatives
and superlatives and write five of them in the space below.
(Aşağıdaki paragrafları okuyunuz ve içerisinde comparative ve superlative sıfatlarının bulunduğu beş cümleyi aşağıya yazınız.)
Mercury is the closest planet to the sun. Because of this ,ıt is eight times hotter
than the hottest temperature ever recorded on earth. But, at night the temperature
36
can drop to –170 C. So at night it is eight times colder than the temperature in the
freezer.
Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. It is more than 1300 times
bigger than Earth.
Venus is the brightest of the planets. So it is often called the “evening star”.
1. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
FLOWERS AND CLOTHES
Read and answer the questions
Flowers are the most important plants we get from nature. They have been a
part of man’s existence; paintings, sculptures and pottery in Ancient times all have
flowers on them.
We don’t think of a house without flowers. Generally in a vase by the window
is a nice flower or flowers. Imagine you don’t have one in your house or in front of
your house, but on the clothes you are wearing, in the pictures on the walls. They
have been with us everytime,everywhere. Experts reveal that flowers spread peace
and happiness.
ACTIVITY 1
1. How long have the flowers been with human?
2. Why are the flowers so important ?
Clothes
Can you say three things you wear on your feet?
Who wears a uniform?
soldier – teacher – nurse – police officer
Read the conversation.
Shop assistant : Can I help you sir?
Steve
: Yes, please. I want to buy a shirt ?
Shop assistant : What colour would you like?
Steve
38
: Blue please.
Shop assistant : Striped , check pattern or flowery pattern?
Steve
: Striped please.
Shop assistant : This one suits you.
Steve
: Can I try it on ?
Shop assistant : Sure.
Steve
: Does it go with my trousers?
Shop assistant : Yes.
Steve
: I want to buy it. How much is it?
Shop assistant : It is 20 dollars.
Steve
: Here you are. How can I get to train station ?
Shop assistant : Take this way to Kid Street, turn right. It’s on the right.
Explanations: Yukarıdaki diyalogda bir mağazadan alış-veriş yaparken kullandığımız ifadeler geçmektedir.
It suits you – size uyuyor.
try it
– deneyin
go with
– ........ e uymak (go with trousers-pantolona uymak)
gibi ifadelerin yanında; (checked) check pattern – kareli
flowery pattern
– çiçekli
striped
– çizgili
gibi kumaş desenleri hakkında ifadeler kullanıldı.
Things we wear : hat – şapka
scarf – boyun atkısı
shirt – gömlek
blouse – bluz
T-shirt – tişört
jumper – süveter
pullover – kazak
skirt – etek
trousers – pantolon
39
jeans – kot
short – şort
tights – tayt
stocking – uzun kadın çorabı
sock – kısa çorap
shoe – ayakkabı
boot – bot
suit – takım elbise
dress – kadın elbisesi
coat – palto
earring – küpe
ring – yüzük
necklace – gerdanlık
bracelet – bilezik
ACTIVITY 2. What do you wear on your head?
on your body ?
on your legs ?
on your feet?
on your ears ?
on your finger?
round your neck ?
round your arm?
On my head I wear hat and scarf
. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
make
help
watch
hear
Derya jumped into the water, I pushed her.
I made her jump into the water.
Mete is studying English. Mina is helping him.
Mina is helping him study English
Galatasaray is going to play tomorrow. We are going to watch.
We are going to watch GS play
Andy shouted in the classroom. The whole school heard her.
The whole school heard Andy shout.
Time clauses (zaman cümlecikleri)
before – önce…meden önce, önünde
before you came – siz gelmeden önce
before we called the police – biz polisi aramadan önce
Before we called the police, we entered the house.
after – sonra… den sonra
after we entered the house – biz eve girdikten sonra
After we entered the house, we called the police.
She wants to go to the party, doesn’t she? (değil mi?)
She doesn’t want to go to the party, does she? (değil mi?)
Stop talking, will you? (Konuşmayı bırak, tamam mı?)
I’m doing the right thing, aren’t I? (değil mi?)
He bought a new book, didn’t he?
Tom is going to write it, isn’t he?
Tom isn’t going to write it, is he?
Let’s go, shall we?
41
KEY TO THE ACTIVITIES IN UNIT ONE
SECTION 1
Activity 1
1. d
2. a
3. b
4. c
5. e
6. f
Activity 2
1. He has passed his exam.
2. She has won.
3. She has taken.
4. He has broken.
5. They have lost the game.
Activity 3
1. Have you ever had a dog?
2. Has she ever been to Spain?
3. Have you ever slept in a tent?
Activity 4
1. b
2. b
3. a
42
Activity 5
1. this – last
2. today – yesterday
3. last – this
Activity 6
1. now
2. in the past
3. now
4. now
5. in the past
6. now
7. in the past
8. in the past
Activity 7
1. What were you doing ?
2. Where were you studying yesterday evening?
3. were they playing games?
4. were they painting the door?
5. How many students were coming?
Activity 8
1. While she was watching TV ,the little boy broke the glass.
2. When they got on the bus,he was crying.
3. While the teacher was writing the exercises on the board, one of the students fainted.
43
Activity 9
1. They were going to a village.
2. Because, it was dark.
3. They made terrifying noises.
4. No,they didn’t.
5. One of the villagers called Abdi, frightened them.
Activity 10
1. smiled
2. moved
3. cried
4. shouted
5. ran
SECTION 2
Activity 1
Dialogue 1. air pollution (C)
2. deforestation (A )
3. water pollution (B)
Activity 2
1. Mercury is the closest planet.
2. It is eight times hotter than the hottest temperature on Earth.
3. At nights it is eight times colder than the temperature in freezer.
4. Jupiter is the largest planet.
5. Venus is the brightest of the planets.
44
SECTION 3
Activity 1
1. They have been with human with the beginning of man’s existence.
2. Because,experts say that they spread peace and happiness.
Activity 2
On my head
; I wear hat and scarf
On my body
; I wear shirt,blouse T-shirt, jumper,pullover,jacket.
On my legs
; I wear (skirt),trousers,jeans ,shorts,tights.
On my feet
; I wear socks,shoes ,boots ,sandals.
On my ears
; I wear earrings.
On my fingers ; I wear rings.
Round my neck ; I wear necklace.
Round my arm ; I wear bracelet.
45
UNIT ONE (TEST)
1. A: What were you doing at 6 yesterday?
B : . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . .
Yukarıdaki karşılıklı konuşmadaki sorunun cevabı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) I slept at home.
B) I was sleeping at home.
C) I am sleeping at home.
D) I never sleep at home.
2. What .......................... when the accident happened?
Yukarıdaki soruyu doğru şekilde tamamlayan seçenek aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) were you doing
B) are you doing
C) do you do
D) did you used to do
3. Yesterday, I met Mehmet at the shopping centre and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yukarıdaki cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan seçenek aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) he used to do shopping
B) he does shopping
C) he is always doing shopping in the afternoon
D) he was doing shopping
4. Last night while I ............... . my homework, my mother . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . her
favourite programme on television.
Yukarıdaki cümledeki boşlukları doğru şekilde tamamlayan seçenek aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) did / watched
B) was doing / watch
C) was doing / was watching
D) was doing / is watching
46
5. When I saw Helen, ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yukarıdaki cümleyi tamamlayan seçenek aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) she is having lunch.
B) she was having lunch.
C) she has lunch.
D) she can have lunch.
6. . . . . . . . . . . . ... he was at home with his family, his friends were playing football in
the stadium.
A) When
B) Where
C) What
D) What time
7. I . . . . . . . . . . ......... never ................. . . to Istanbul before.
A) was / been
B) have / been
C) am / been
D) can / be
8. Today Mehmet .......................... . . five times. Please call him to learn what he
wants.
A) telephoned
B) is telephoningn
C) has telephoned
D) was telephoning
9. A: Can I speak to Mrs. Akıncı?
B : I am sorry she isn’t in. ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yukarıdaki karşılıklı konuşmadaki boş bırakılan yere aşağıdakilerden hangisi getirilmelidir?
A) she has gone out for lunch
B) she will be watching tv at that time.
C) she was playing tennis in the tennis court.
D) she is going to finish the project next week.
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10. Mehmet has lived in Konya ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . 2005.
Yukarıdaki cümledeki boşluğa aşağıdakilerden hangisi getirilmelidir?
A) since
B) from
C) at
D) for
11. I . . . . . . ............ him since he came from the hospital.
Yukarıdaki cümlede boş bırakılan yere aşağıdakilerden hangisi getirilmelidir?
A) saw
B) don’t see
C) wont’t see
D) haven’t seen
12. My friend has been in this city . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ten years.
A) since
B) in
C) for
D) at
13. A: . . . . .................................... . .
B : I have been here for five years.
Yukarıdaki karşılıklı konuşmadaki soru cümlesi aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) How have you been here?
B) How long have you been here?
C) Where have you been here?
D) Have you been here for five years?
14. A: I can’t find my keys. I think .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B : I think they are on the table.
Yukarıdaki karşılıklı konuşmayı tamamlayan cümle aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) I will lose them.
B) I am going to lose them.
C) I am losing them.
D) I have lost them.
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15. My sister has lived in Ankara since . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yukarıdaki cümleyi tamamlayan seçeneği bulunuz.
A) she got married.
B) she will live in Ankara.
C) she has graduated from university.
D) five years.
16. A: How long have you lived in London?
B : . . . . . . . ........................
Yukarıdaki karşılıklı konuşmadaki sorunun cevabı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) for three years
B) since three years
C) in 2008
D) yet
17. I. I am a lawyer.
II. Since 2009.
III. How long have you been a lawyer?
IV. What is your job?
V. Yes,I do.
VI. Do you like your job?
Yukarıdaki karşılıklı konuşmanın doğru şekilde sıraya dizilmiş şekli hangisidir?
A) V – III – I – VI – IV – II
B) IV – I – III – II – VI –
C) II – I – V – III – VI – IV
D) IV – II – VI – III – V – I
18. A: . . . . . . . .............................
B : I have been at the theatre.
Yukarıdaki karşılıklı konuşmadaki soru aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) Where are you and…?
B) Where are you going?
C) Where have you been?
D) Have you got a ticket for the theatre?
49
19. A: Have you seen this film before?
B : . . . .................................... . . .
Yukarıdaki sorunun cevabı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) No, it isn’t.
B) Yes. I saw it last Sunday.
C) Yes, it is my new film player.
D) No, I didn’t like it.
20. “Üç gündür Ahmet’i görmedim.”
Yukarıdaki cümlenin İngilizce ki karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) I don’t see Ahmet today.
B) I am not going to see Ahmet for three days.
C) I can see Ahmet here at the bus stop
D) I haven’t seen Ahmet for three days.
21. Today is ........................... than it was yesterday.
A) hotter
B) hottest
C) hot
D) the hottest
22. I have got .................... money than my sister.
Yukarıdaki cümleyi doğru şekilde tamamlayan seçeneği bulunuz.
A) much
B) many
C) more
D) most
23. Ali is 170 cm. Okan is 185 cm.
Yukarıda boy uzunlukları belirtilen kişiler için aşağıdakilerden hangisi doğrudur?
A) Ali is taller than Okan.
B) Okan is shorter than Ali.
C) Ali is shorter than Okan.
D) Okan is the shortest.
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24. İstanbul is ........................ city in Turkey.
Yukarıdaki cümle aşağıdakilerden hangisiyle tamamlanabilir?
A) big
B) the smallest
25. Ali has got 50 Liras.
C) bigger
Mehmet has got 65 liras.
D) the biggest
Harun has got 35 Liras.
Yukarıdaki bilgilere göre aşağıdaki cümlelerden hangisi doğrudur?
A) Ali has got the most money.
B) Mehmet has got very little money.
C) Harun has got the most money.
D) Mehmet has got the most money.
26. My father’s car is .................... than your father’s car.
Yukarıdaki cümleyi doğru olarak tamamlayan seçenek aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) more fast
B) faster
C) more faster
D) fast
27. I have got five girl friends and Suna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A) is more beautiful than my friends.
B) is the most beautiful one.
C) is very beautiful than the others.
D) is the most beautiful than my girl friends.
28. Rize is . . ................. than Ankara.
Yukarıdaki karşılaştırmayı doğru şekilde tamamlayan seçenek aşağıdakilerden
hangisidir?
A) more crowded
B) crowded
C) less crowded
D) the most crowded
29. My friends always get up very ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yukarıdaki cümleyi tamamlayan seçeneği bulunuz.
A) late
B) later
C) lately
D) latests
51
30. He is a .................... reader. He reads his book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yukarıdaki boşlukları tamamlayan seçeneği bulunuz.
A) quickly / quick
B) quick / quickly
C) quick / quick
D) quickly / quickly
31. Tom works .................... He is very . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yukarıdaki boşlukları tamamlayan seçeneği bulunuz.
A) slowly / slowly
B) slow / slow
C) slowly / slow
D) slow / slowly
32. Smoking is .................... for your health.
A) badly
B) expensive
C) bad
D) cheap
33. He always does his homework .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A) carefully
B) careful
C) easy
D) difficult
34. Helen is a ............... girl. She plays the piano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yukarıdaki cümledeki boşlukları doğru şekilde tamamlayan seçeneği bulunuz.
A) beautiful / beautiful
B) beautiful / beautifully
C) beautifully / beautifully
D) beautifully / beautiful
52
35. Tommy won’t watch TV tonight ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
A) will he
B) is he
C) does he
D) won’t he
36. They went to the beach yesterday and swam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
Yukarıdaki cümledeki boşluğu doğru şekilde tamamlayan seçeneği bulunuz.
A) did they
B) did he
C) don’t they
D) didn’t they
37. Mary : Let’s go out somewhere tonight, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
Jeff : All right. Where?
Mary : To the Olive Restaurant.
A) shall we
B) do you
C) don’t they
D) won’t you
38. I am a good worker, ................... . . . . ?
Yukarıdaki soruyu tamamlayan seçeneği bulunuz.
A) I am?
B) do I?
C) amn’t I?
D) aren’t I?
39. We often watch TV in the afternoon, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
A) do you?
B) don’t we?
C) do we?
D) don’t you?
53
40. Pamela didn’t play handball last week, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
A) did she?
B) didn’t she
C) does she?
D) doesn’t she?
54
UNIT TWO
SCIENCE
UNIT TWO
KAZANIMLAR:
Öneride bulunur,kısa metin yazar,günlük tutar, liste oluşturur. Şikâyet mektubu yazar, okuduklarından bilgi ayırt eder, dilek ve istekleri ifade eder.
4. Her (Section) bölüm içerisinde yapmanız istenen etkinliler, diyalog ve metinlerde öğretilenlerin benzerleridir. Cevapları (Section) bölümün arkasında bulunan bu etkinlikleri yaptıktan sonra doğru cevapları ile karşılaştırınız, kendinizi
deneyiniz.
5. Anlamını bilemediğiniz sözcüklerin , anlamlarını kullanıldığı yerlerde tahmin
etmeye çalışınız. Emin olmadığınız durumlarda,kitabınızın arka kısmında yer
56
YOUR HEART AND CHOLESTEROL
Are you a healthy person?
Left coronary artery
Right coronary
artery
Anterior interventricular
artery
If one of your family members has heart disease,
If you smoke,
If you don’t do much exercise,
If you need to lose weight,
If you have a high level of cholesterol in your blood,
It is possible you will have heart problems.
Cholesterol: Everyone has some cholesterol in his or her blood. It is a kind of
fat,but if you have it over recommended levels, in your blood, it gives damage to
your vessels.
57
Explanation: Şart (koşullu) cümleleri hatırlayalım: Bir işin olması, bir koşula
bağlı ise bu tür cümlelere koşullu cümle diyoruz. Cümleyi inceleyelim: If you smoke , you will have heart problems. (Sigara içerseniz kalp problemleriniz olacaktır.)
Görüldüğü gibi cümlenin “if” li kısmı geniş zamanlı,diğer kısmı ise gelecek zamanlı
eylemdir. “If you heat water, it boils.” (Suyu ısıtırsanız kaynar.) gibi bir şart diğerini
oluşturabiliyorsa iki eylem de geniş zamanlı olabilir.
ACTIVITY 1. Match the sentences and join them with “if”.
(Cümleleri karşılaştır ve “if” ile birleştir.)
1. you lose your wallet
a)you can’t sleep
2. you hurry
b)you have to call the police
3. ıt doesn’t rain
c)your salary goes up
4. you get promoted
d)you will catch the bus
5. you drink coffee late at night
e)we will have a picnic
1. .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Read the conversation between two friends and pay attention to “wish”
sentences.
(Diyaloğu okuyunuz ve “wish”li cümlelere dikkat ediniz.)
A : I wish I were on holiday now. I need it for my health.
C : That would be great.
A : I have some problems with my neighbour.
C : What about ?
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A : My upstairs neighbour is always making noise. I wish he would stop
making noise.
C : Is he a rude man?
A : Yes, he is. I wish I had a bit more money.I would buy a new house.
C : Don’t worry!
Explanations: I wish = keşke, diye başlayan bu tür cümlelerle, şu anda arzu
ettiğimiz, ancak şu an gerçekleştiremediğimiz isteklerimizi ifade ederiz. “I wish” den
sonraki cümlelere dikkat edelim:
I wish I were on holiday. (Keşke tatilde olsaydım.) Burada gerçek olmayan bir
durum söz konusudur. Şu anda tatilde olmayı istiyorsunuz ama, değilsiniz ve olamıyorsunuz. Böyle gerçek olmayan bir durumdan söz ettiğimiz için “I was” yerine “I
were” kullanabiliriz.
I wish I had some more money. (Keşke biraz daha çok param olsaydı.) I wish
you were here. (Keşke burada olsaydınız.) I wish I had visited her. (Keşke onu ziyaret
etmiş olsaydım.) gibi, geçmişte yapılamayan, ama şimdi pişmanlık ifade eden eylemleri ifade etmek için de kullanabiliriz.
Diyalogda geçen “I wish he would stop making noise.” (Keşke o gürültü yapmasaydı, yapmayacak olsaydı.) gibi “would” la gelecekte yapılmasını veya yapılmamasını arzuladığımız iş ve eylemler için kullanıyoruz.
ACTIVITY 2. What would you say in the situations below? Do as in the
example.
(Aşağıdaki durumlarda ne söylerdiniz? Örnekteki gibi yapınız.)
She never answers your e-mails.
I wish she would answer my e-mails.
1. Someone says rude things after you.
. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Your roommate never does the washing up.
. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
3. Your friend blows cigarette smoke in your face.
.................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Your brother never tells you the truth.
.................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. You don’t have a car
.................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
60
SECTION (BÖLÜM) 2
LIFE-CYCLES
(Hayat Döngüsü)
Read and find the correct headline.
(Parçayı okuyun ve doğru başlığı bulun.)
“Genes we inherit are very important for us. How clever we are, how tall we are,
how long we live depend on our genes. Also the way we live effects our lives. Think of a
child, when he or she doesn’t get enough nutrition and we don’t preserve him or (her)
from disease, he or (she) will not grow to the full potential adult size. At the beginning
of this century, children grew to be taller than their parents. Because each generation
had a healthier upbringing than the previous one. In almost every country in the world
and now people live longer than in the past. The children of poor families still grow
less tall than children from wealthy families. In some countries death in infancy is stil
commonplace despite the successful struggle against the spread of infection in the
world. Many young people die from infectious diseases ,such as typhoid, tuberculosis
and pneumonia.”
ACTIVITY 1. Choose the correct headline.
(Doğru başlığı seçiniz.)
A) Life In The Space
B) Genes and Life
C) Wealthy Families
some phrases
infectious diseases: bulaşıcı hastalıklar
such as: gibi
the spread of infection: enfeksiyonun yayılması
the way we live: yaşama biçimimiz
how clever we are: nekadar zeki olduğumuz
to grow taller: daha çok uzamak
to grow less tall than : ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . den daha az uzamak
61
ACTIVITY 2. Read the part again and write T for “True” and F for “False”
sentences.
(Parçayı tekrar okuyun ve doğru cümlelerin yanına T “True” yanlış cümlelerin
yanına F “False” koyunuz.)
1. Our lifestyle isn’t the only factor in determining how long we live.
2. In the past,children were always taller than their parents.
3. Children from rich families are the same height as children from poor families.
4. People are living longer these days.
5. Diseases like typhoid have been controlled all over the world.
ACTIVITY 3. Read the part again and write two things effecting our lives.
(Parçayı tekrar okuyun ve hayatımızı etkileyen iki durum yazınız.)
1. ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Do you want to live a long life?
Read the dialogue between Kathy and her boyfriend Emir.
Emir : Kathy,how can we live a long life ?
Kathy : I don’t know but, how about living in the mountains?
Emir : That sounds fantastic. So, shall we buy tents?
Kathy : Our tent can have a view of sea.
Emir : Yes, it can face north, south, east or west…
Kathy : Ha.. ha… Emir, you are joking.
Emir : Let’s go to the restaurant over there, I’m hungry.
Kathy : Why don’t we eat at home? It is crowded there, I don’t like it.
Emir : OK Kathy, home is the best. Would you like to eat bitter kebap?
62
Kathy : No, I don’t like it.
Emir : Kathy , you are really sweet.
Kathy : Thanks.
Explanations : Okuduğunuz diyalog içinde geçen:
“How about living in the mountains.”? (Dağlarda yaşamaya ne dersiniz?)
Shall we buy tents? (Çadır satın alalım mı?)
Let’s go to the restaurant. (Haydi lokantaya gidelim.)
Why don’t we eat at home? (Neden evde yemiyoruz?)
Would you like to eat bitter kebap? (Acı kebap yemek ister misiniz?)
gibi ifadeler “suggestion” dediğimiz öneri cümleleridir. Öneride bulunurken bunlar
ve benzeri cümlelerle önerilerde bulunuruz. Benzer şekilde “offer” (teklif,teklif etmek) veya invitation (davet) cümlelerini oluşturmak mümkündür.
ACTIVITY 4. Make suggestions , offers or give an invitation in the following
situations.
(Aşağıdaki durumlara göre siz de önerilerde veya davette bulunun.)
1. Someone has visited you at your Office. Offer him/her something to drink.
. . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. You are walking in the street with a friend. Suggest having a cup of
tea.
. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. A child you know is afraid to walk home alone. Offer to walk home
with him or her.
. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. You are writing to a friend. Invite her to come one weekend.
. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63
INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES
Do you know Steve Jobs?
What did he do ?
Read the part and fill in the form about Steve Jobs below.
(Parçayı okuyunuz ve aşağıda Steve Jobs’la ilgili formu doldurunuz.)
Did you know Steve before he died?
Steve Paul Jobs was born
in Son Francisco California on
24 February in 1955. He was
born into a lower middle – class
family. His father was fixing cars for
a living. He finished high school
and got high school certificate.
When he was at high school,
he became increasingly curious
about the world of electronics.
He was working in the garage
of their neighbour. At first he
founded Apple İnc. with one of his
friends. Then iPad , iPhone, iMac
desktop computer, iPod, iTunes
were all invented by Steve Jobs. I think, he has a bit changed the world, died on October
5, 2011.
ACTIVITY 1
Name: ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Birth date: ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Birth location: .................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Social background: ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education: ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64
ACTIVITY 2. Read the part again and answer the following questions.
(Yukarıdaki parçayı tekrar okuyun ve aşağıdaki soruları cevaplayın.)
1. Who is Steve Jobs?.
. . . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Why is he so important person?
. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Is he living in California now ?
. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Explanations: iPad, iPod, iPhone were invented by Steve Jobs. (iPad,iPod ve
iPhone Steve Jobs tarafından icat edildiler), cümlesi edilgen bir cümle yapısıdır. Bu
cümleyi şu şekilde de yazabiliriz: Steve Jobs invented iPod, iPad and iPhone. (Steve
Jobs iPod,iPad ve iPhone’u icat etti.) Bu ifade şekline de aktif (active) veya etken
diyoruz. Ancak her ikisinin de anlamı aynıdır. Passive (edilgen) cümlede yapılan işin
veya olayın çok daha önemli olmasından dolayı yapılan iş özne, işi yapanın önemli
olması durumunda ise işi yapan özne olmaktadır.
He gave me a book. (O bana bir kitap verdi.)
A book was given to me. (Bana bir kitap verildi.) Bu cümlede görüldüğü gibi
kimin verdiği değil de, bir kitabın verilmesi daha önemli olduğu için, kitap öznedir
ve kitabı verenden söz edilmemektedir.
Passive (edilgen) yapının nasıl oluştuğuna bakalım:
1. passive (edilgen) cümlede, “to be” ailesinden mutlaka biri yer alır.
(to be – am/is/ are – was/were – been)
2. Edilgen cümlede fiil, past participle, yani 3. şekildedir.
write – wrote – written
3. Active cümlenin nesnesi, passive cümlenin öznesi olur. Nesnesi olmayan
bir active cümle passive (edilgen) duruma dönüşemez. Bazen active cümlesindeki yüklemden sonra birden fazla nesne olabilir. İkisinden herhangi
biri passive (edilgen) cümlenin öznesi olarak alınabilir.
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“She gave me a present” cümlesinde görüldüğü gibi fiilden sonra “me” ve “a
present” olmak üzere iki nesne vardır. “me”yi cümlenin başına alırsak özne
olabilen bir zamir olan I şeklinde alınması gerekir.
She gave me a present. (O bana bir hediye verdi.)
I was given a present. (Bana bir hediye verildi.)
A present was given to me. (Bana bir hediye verildi.) Görüldüğü gibi iki
cümlenin de anlamı aynıdır.
Edilgen yapıda hangi tense (zaman) da hangi “to be” şeklini kullanacağımız
önemlidir.
(simple present)
am – is – are
(present continuous)
am being – is being – are being
(past continuous )
was being – were being
(simple past )
was – were
(present perf.)
been
(simple future)
be
(going to future)
be
(modals: must, have to, can,may,might … etc)
ACTIVE
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be
PASSIVE
I like birds.
Birds are liked .(by me)
She is writing the report .
The report is being written. (by her)
He was eating an apple.
An apple was being eaten. (by him)
They broke the door.
The door was broken. (by them)
I have repaired your car.
Your car has been repaired. (by me)
You will buy it.
It will be bought. (by you)
She can see you.
You can be seen. (by her)
He is going to drop it.
It is going to be dropped. (by him)
ACTIVITY 3. Fill in the spaces with : be, are, has, was, were
(Boşluklara be,are,has,was,were yerleştiriniz.)
1. People use cameras. Cameras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . used.
2. Industrial waste is polluting rivers. Rivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . being polluted.
3. She built this house years ago. This house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . built years ago.
4. You were cutting down the trees. The trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . being cut down.
5. He has sent a postcard . A postcard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . been sent.
6. They will water new trees. New trees will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . watered.
Read the diary below and underline the passive sentences.
(Günlüğü okuyun ve passive cümlelerin altını çiziniz.)
Dear Diary,
It is the first day in İstanbul today. We were welcomed at the airport. Then,
we were taken to our hotel by a gentleman. The gentleman was a polite man with
a smile on his face. We were served warmly at the hotel. Then, I was given a blue
bid by one of them. It is believed to bring good luck. Tomorrow we will be taken to
Topkapı Museum.
Kathy
The passive sentences in the diary:
1. We were welcomed at the airport. (Hava alanında karşılandık.)
2. We were taken to our hotel. (Otelimize götürüldük.)
3. We were served warmly at the hotel. (Otelde bize sıcak bir şekilde hizmet
edildi.)
4. I was given a blue bid. (Bana mavi bir boncuk verildi.)
5. It is believed to bring good luck. (Uğur getirdiğine inanılır.)
6. We will be taken to Topkapı Museum. (Biz Topkapı Müzesi’ne götürüleceğiz.)
Yukarıdaki ilk dört cümlede (was – were) kullanıldığına göre, bunların active
cümleleri past simple cümlelerdir.
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ACTIVITY 4. Change the six sentences above to active form.
(Yukardaki altı cümleyi aktif şekline çeviriniz.)
1. They ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . at the airport.
2. A gentleman ................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to our hotel.
3. They ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . warmly at the hotel.
4. One of them ................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a blue bid.
5. People .......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . that it brings good luck.
6. They ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to Topkapı Museum.
A Complaint Letter (Bir Şikayet Mektubu)
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing about the washing machine I bought last week from your
company. It doesn’t work properly and making a terrible noise. Although I phoned
your company three times I haven’t been given any explanation up to now.
I expect a solution or a full refund.
Yours faithfully
Tarık Elmalı
ACTIVITY 5. Read the complaint letter and answer the following questions.
(Şikâyet mektubunu okuyun ve aşağıdaki soruları cevaplayın.)
1. What is the complaint about?
................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. What is wrong with it?
................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. What does he want back?
................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Şikâyet mektubunda geçen; I haven’t been given any explanation. cümlesini
inceleyelim: Cümleyi şöyle yazarsak I haven’t given any explanation. (Ben herhangi
bir açıklamada bulunmadım.)anlamına gelmektedir. Cümle içerisindeki “been” cümlenin passive (edilgen) olduğunu göstermektedir. Öyle ise anlamı şöyle olmalıdır:
Bana herhangi bir açıklama yapılmadı, (verilmedi).
ACTIVITY 6. Match the active questions with their passive forms.
(Aktif (etken) soruları passive şekilleri ile karşılaştırınız.)
1. Who took those books ?
a) Who was the knife taken by ?
2. Where can I repair my radio?
b) Who is the living room being painted
by?
3. Who is painting the living room? c) Who were those books taken by?
4. Who took the knife?
d) Where can my radio be repaired?
Have you done your military service?
(military service = askerlik hizmeti)
Read the short dialogue.
Kathy : Does everybody have to do military service in Turkey?
Cem : Yes, it is compulsory national service. In Turkey a male has to do it.
Kathy : In some countries you don’t have to go into the army, you will have to
do other things instead, such as social service.
Yukardaki kısa diyalogda askerlik hizmetinin mecburi olduğu anlatılmaktadır.
Bu durum içinde “have to” bulunan cümlelerle söylenmektedir. Başkaları tarafından
bir şeyi yapmaya zorlandığımız zaman bu durumu “have to” ile ifade ederiz. Etkinlikler içerisinde konuyu daha açık bir şekilde göreceksiniz.
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Watch Out!
I
You
We
They
have to
go
He
She
It
Ahmet
has to
go
Question:
Do you have to go ?
Does she have to go?
Their parents said: “You must be in bed at nine”.
(Anne – baba söyledi: “Saat dokuzda yatağın içinde olmalısınız.”)
So, the children have to be in bed at nine. (Böylece saat dokuzda çocuklar yatağın içinde olmak zorundadırlar.)
Görüldüğü gibi, birisinin yüzüne direk olarak söylenen zorunluluklar ve mecburiyetler “must” ile söylenmektedir. Ancak yine mecburiyet (–meli, –malı) ifade
eden “have to” kullanıldığında ise yapılacak eyleme daha önce birileri veya bir şey
bizi zorlamıştır, mecbur etmiştir.
ACTIVITY 7. Fill in the spaces with “have to” (has to) or “must”.
(Boşlukları “have to” (has to ) veya “must” ile doldurun.)
1. Kathy’s boss told her: “You must come to work on time”.
So, Kathy ...................... . . . . . . . . . go to work on time
2. The police told me: “You must park your car at car park.”
So, I ............................. . . park my car at car park.
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3. The students have to listen carefully.
The teacher to the students: “You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . listen to me carefully”.
4. The sign says: You must stop at the security office.
So, now we ........................ . . . . . . . stop at the security office.
“must” ve “have to” nun negative şekilleri arasında anlamca önemli fark vardır.
You mustn’t stay here. (Burada durmamalısınız, yasak.) You don’t have to stay
here. (Burada durmanıza gerek yok, mecbur değilsiniz.) “mustn’t” ile bir şeyin adeta yasak olduğunu söylerken, “don’t / doesn’t have to” bir şeyin yapılmasına gerek
olmadığını anlatmaktadır.
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USES OF MODAL VERBS
Talking about ability (Yetenek ile ilgili konuşmak)
(Can you lift the table?
I can’t swim.
Giving advice (Nasihat etmek)
You should get up early.
You shouldn’t worry so much.
Giving orders and instructions (Emir ve talimat vermek)
You can’t smoke in here.
You must be here by nine.
Talking about the future (Gelecekle ilgili konuşmak)
I will buy it on Wednesday.
He may / might come this evening.
It won’t hurt, don’t worry!
Making request (Ricada bulunmak)
(Can) Could you speak slowly?
Would you send it please?
Making offers (Teklif veya öneride bulunmak)
Shall I shut the door?
Can I help you?
I will buy it for you.
Would you like tea?
Asking for and giving permission (İstemek, sormak, izin vermek)
Can I sit here?
Yes, you can.
May I use your dictionary?
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ACTIVITY 8. Match the situations and their answers.
(Aşağıdaki durumlarla onların cevaplarını karşılaştırın.)
1. You want to take one day off work, ask for permission.
2. You want to go to a concert on wednesday, ask for your father’s permission.
3. Your friend wants to borrow your dictionary, give him permission.
4. You need to use your friend’s telephone, ask for your friend’s permission.
5. Your mother asks you where your brother is. You think he is at the cinema.
Say this possibility.
a) He could (may / might) be at the cinema.
b) Can (may / could) I use your telephone?
c) May (can / could) I go to the concert on wednesday?
d) You can (may) take my dictionary.
e) Could (can) I have a day off work please?
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KEY TO THE EXERCISES IN UNIT TWO
SECTION 1
Activity 1
1. b
2. d
3. e
4. c
5. a
Activity 2
1. I wish, she wouldn’t say rude things after me.
2. I wish, he would do the washing up.
3. I wish , my friend wouldn’t blow cigarette smoke in my face.
4. I wish, my brother would tell me the truth.
5. I wish, I had a car.
SECTION 2
Activity 1
1. B
Activity 2
1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. F
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Activity 3
1. Genes we inherit.
2. The way we live.
Activity 4
1. What would you like to drink?
2. Let’s have a cup of tea.
Shall we have a cup of tea?
3. Shall (can) I walk home with you?
4. Will you visit me one weekend?
Won’t you visit me one weekend ?
SECTION 3
Activity 1
Steve Paul Jobs
24 February 1955
San Francisco California
Lower, middle-class ,father was fixing cars for a living.
High school.
Activity 2
1. He is an American inventor.
2. Because, he invented very useful electronic devices.
3. No, he died.
Activity 3
1. are
2. are
3. was
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4. were
5. has
6. be
Activity 4
1. They welcomed us at the airport.
2. A gentleman took us to our hotel.
3. They served us warmly at the hotel.
4. One of them gave me a blue bid.
5. People believe that it brings good luck.
6. They will take us to Topkapı Museum.
Activity 5
1. About a washing machine.
2. It doesn’t work properly.
3. She wants a solution or refund.
Activity 6
1. c
2. d
3. b
4. a
Activity 7
1. has to
2. have to
3. must
4. have to
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Activity 8
1. e
2. c
3. d
4. b
5. a
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UNIT TWO (TEST)
1. If he . ................... enough money, he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shopping tomorrow.
Yukarıdaki cümledeki boşluklara uygun seçeneği bulunuz.
A) have / go
B) has / went
C) has / will go
D) had / goes
2. I won’t come and see you ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yukarıdaki cümleyi tamamlayan ifade aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) if you had a meeting at school.
B) if I have a lot of work to do.
C) if you got up late.
D) if you will get up very early.
3. If it snows a lot this winter, ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yukarıdaki cümleyi tamamlayan ifade aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) we will go to Uludağ for a month.
B) we would see them at the hotel.
C) we had a winter holiday in Switzerland.
D) we could stay at home.
4. If the weather is nice in the evening, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A) we will have the party in the garden.
B) they went to the cinema.
C) if we go to the cinema.
D) I would stay with you.
5. If you .................... carefully, you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . an accident.
Yukarıdaki cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere aşağıdakilerden hangisi gelmelidir?
A) drove / have
78
B) drove / will have
C) drive / had
D) drive / won’t have
6. If you don’t study enough, .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A) you could fail.
B) you fail.
C) you pass your class.
D) you failed.
7. If you find some money in the street, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A) give it to the police.
B) I gave it to the police.
C) we would go to the police.
D) we were going to the cinema.
8. If you drive very fast, .................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A) you had an accident.
B) you would have an accident.
C) you have gone to hospital.
D) you can have an accident.
9. If he gets there before me, .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A) tell him to wait there.
B) he waited there.
C) he would wait there.
D) he has waited there.
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10. . . . . . . . .............................., if he arrives late.
Yukarıdaki cümlenin ilk bölümü aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) Mehmet always comes late
B) Mehmet studies too much
C) Mehmet never apologises
D) Mehmet always comes early
11. If you heat butter, ................... . . . . . . . . . . . .
A) it melts.
B) it becomes hard.
C) it doesn’t melt.
D) it doesn’t change.
12. You need a passport, .............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A) if you don’t want to travel abroad.
B) if you will want to travel abroad.
C) if you want to travel abroad.
D) if you have wanted to travel abroad.
13. It is a pity I can’t go to the stadium to watch the match tonight.
Aşağıdaki cümleyi yukarıdaki cümleye göre tamamlayan seçenek hangisidir?
I wish ...............................
A) I can go to the stadium to watch the match tonight.
B) I want to go to the stadium to watch the match tonight.
C) I have gone to the stadium to watch the match tonight.
D) I could go to the stadium to watch the match tonight
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14. I am very busy now. I wish ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A) I am not busy.
B) I weren’t busy.
C) I was busy.
D) I were busy.
15. He isn’t coming with us. I wish ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A) he can’t come with us.
B) he doesn’t come with us.
C) he could come with us.
D) he wasn’t coming with us.
16. Tomorrow I have to stay at home. Because my mother isn’t at home and I have to
look after my brother. I wish ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yukarıdaki cümleye tamamlayan seçenek aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) I don’t have to stay at home.
B) I didn’t have to stay at home.
C) I could have to stay at home.
D) I can have to stay at home.
17. A: Don’t walk there. It is very far. Take my car.
B : I don’t have a driving licence. I wish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yukarıdaki karşılıklı konuşmadaki boşluğa getirilecek seçenek aşağıdakilerden
hangisidir?
A) I don’t have a driving licence.
B) I had a driving licence.
C) I have a driving licence.
D) I can drive a car.
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18. A: It is raining and we can’t go fishing.
B : . . . .................................... . . . . . . . .
Karşılıklı konuşmadaki boşluğu tamamlayan seçenek aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) I wish it doesn’t rain.
B) I wish it isn’t raining now.
C) I wish it would stop raining.
D) I wish it rains tomorrow.
19. A: Where do you live?
B : I live in Argentina but I don’t like it. I wish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Karşılıklı konuşmadaki boşluğu tamamlayan seçenek aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) I am living in England.
B) I have to live in England.
C) I have lived in England.
D) I didn’t live there.
20. If he .................... her to the dance, she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . very pleased.
Yukarıdaki cümlede boşlukları tamamlayan seçenek aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) invited / is
B) invite / was
C) invites / will be
D) invites / was
21. You will get tired ................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A) if they save enough money.
B) if he doesn’t have enough money.
C) if you can’t have it.
D) if you stand up and don’t sit for a long time.
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22. Ayşe isn’t here. I wish .................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yukarıdaki cümlede boşluğu tamamlayan seçenek aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) she is here
B) she were here
C) she will be here
D) she has been here
23. I wish I . ........................... older, I could have a driving licence.
Yukarıdaki boşluğa aşağıdakilerden hangisi getirilmelidir?
A) were
B) am
C) have been
D) will be
24. I can stay in bed tomorrow morning because I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . work.
A) shouldn’t
B) have to
C) don’t have to
D) mustn’t
25. Whatever you do, you ................. . . . . . . . . touch that switch. It’s very dangerous.
A) must
B) don’t have to
C) mustn’t
D) should
26. The windows are very dirty. I ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . clean them.
A) must
B) don’t have to
C) mustn’t
D) has to
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27. Small children ....................... . . get home on time before it gets dark.
A) don’t have to
B) have to
C) shouldn’t
D) mustn’t
28. My children’s school is very far. So they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . get up early to catch
the bus.
A) have to
B) don’t have to
C) mustn’t
D) has to
29. Last week, we ........................ work very hard. Because we had a lof of projects.
A) has to
B) have to
C) mustn’t
D) had to
30. Tomorrow is Sunday. You ......... . . . . . . . . . get up early. You can stay in bed until 11.
Yukarıdaki boşluğu tamamlayan seçenek aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) don’t have to
B) have to
C) should
D) must
84
UNIT THREE
COMMUNICATION
UNIT THREE
KAZANIMLAR:
Telefonda konuşma, izin isteme, davet etme, yiyecek ve içecek sipariş etmeyi
öğrenir. Hava durumu spor ve evcil hayvanlarla ilgili sorular sorar. Form doldurur,not
alır, tercihlerde bulunur.
4. Her (Section) bölüm içerisinde yapmanız istenen etkinliler, diyalog ve metinlerde öğretilenlerin benzerleridir.Cevapları (Section) bölümün arkasında bulunan bu etkinlikleri yaptıktan sonra doğru cevapları ile karşılaştırınız, kendinizi
deneyiniz.
5. Anlamını bilemediğiniz sözcüklerin, anlamlarını kullanıldığı yerlerde tahmin
etmeye çalışınız. Emin olmadığınız durumlarda, kitabınızın arka kısmında yer
86
SECTION (BÖLÜM) 1
NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES
How many magazines and newspapers do you know?
Some newspaper headlines:
(Bazı gazete başlıkları:)
THE BOY AT HIS THIRTEEN KILLS 6 PEOPLE
AFTER WATCHING VIOLENT TV FILMS
TV Star’s Suicide : ”I blame the press” says boy friend.
Danger! Secret toxic waste dumps.
Documentary of secret service banned;
“It’s not in the national interest.” Says Defence Minister.
Yukarıda “The boy at his thirteen kills 6 people.” Onüç yaşındaki çocuk altı kişiyi öldürür. şeklinde bir anlamı olan cümle aslında; “Onüç yaşındaki çocuk altı kişiyi
öldürdü.” anlamında bir başlıktır. Çünkü basında başlıkların yapıları geniş zamanlı ve
anlamları geçmiş (past) zamanlı olur.
The newspaper headlines above have different stories behind them.
TV Star’s suicide: “I blame the pres.” says boy friend.
TV starının intiharı: “Ben basını sorumlu tutuyorum.” diyor erkek arkadaşı.
Her boy friend says: “I blame the pres.”
İntihar eden TV starının arkadaşı basını sorumlu tuttuğunu söylüyor. Ancak
gazete başlığında erkek arkadaşının sözleri ağzından çıktığı gibi ve tırnak içerisinde
direkt olarak aktarılmaktadır. “Ben basını sorumlu tutarım”. sözünü başkalarına indirekt (dolaylı) bir şekilde de aktarabiliriz: “Erkek arkadaşı basını sorumlu tuttuğunu
söylüyor.”
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Her boy friend says (that) he blames the pres.
Her boy friend says aktaran kısımdır. ( reporting portion)
I blame the press kısmı da aktarılan kısımdır. (reported portion)
Aktaran kısmın; “söyler, söylüyor, söyleyecek” şeklinde olması hâlinde, aktarılan kısmın zamanı (tense) değişmez. Aktaran kısım “söyledi, söylemişti” olması durumunda aktarılan kısmın zamanı (tense) değişir, past olur.
Her boy friend said: “I blame the pres.”
Her boy friend said (that) he blamed the pres.
Defence Minister says: “It is not in the national interest.”
(Savunma Bakanı diyor (der): “Onun millî yararı yoktur.“
Defence Minister says that it is not in the national interest.
(Savunma Bakanı, onun millî yararı olmadığını söylüyor. (söylemektedir.)
Defence Minister said: “It is not in the national interest.”
(Savunma Bakanı dedi)
Defence Minister said that it was not in the national interest.
(Savunma Bakanı, onun millî yararı olmadığını söyledi.
Watch out!
Direct (actual words)
88
reported(indirect)
Is doing
was doing
will do
would do
do (does)
did
have / has done
had done
can
could
did
had done
direct speech
She says: “We are on holiday.”
reported speech
She says (that) they are on holiday.
“We go to the beach.”
they go to the beach
“It is sunny here.”
“My father bought a car.”
İt is sunny there.
her father bought a car.
ACTIVITY 1. Change to (indirect) reported speech.
(Cümleleri indirect şekle çeviriniz.)
1. He said: “We are on holiday.”
2. He said: “We go to the beach.”
3. He said: “It is sunny here.”
4. He said: “My father bought a car.”
Read the part and do the following exercises.
(Parçayı okuyunuz ve devamındaki alıştırmaları yapınız.)
Kathy is sixteen years old. She wants to subscribe for school magazine. She is
in the principal’s room. The principal is a bit bossy and nervous. He said to Kathy:
“Sit down, write your name here, write your phone number, put your signature here,
pay at the desk, don’t speak this way.”
ACTIVITY 2. What did the principal say to Kathy? Write in a list form.
(Müdür, Kathy ‘ye ne söyledi? Liste şeklinde yaz.)
a) . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .”
b) . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .”
c) . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .”
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d) .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .”
e) .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .”
f ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .”
The Principal told Kathy to sit down. (Müdür, Kathy’ye oturmasını söyledi.)
to write her name there.
to write her phone number.
to put her signature there.
to pay at the desk.
not to speak that way.
Direct cümle içerisindeki “here”, indirect cümle içerisinde “there” ve “this”, “that”
olur.
The teacher said to Ahmet: “Answer the question.” Öğretmen Ahmet’e: “Soruyu cevaplayınız.” dedi. Direct anlatımlı bir emir cümlesidir. Yukardaki örneklerde de
görüldüğü gibi, emir cümlelerinde, iki nokta ve tırnak işaretlerini kaldırıp aktaran ve
aktarılan kısımların arasına TO koyup, indiect hâle getirebiliriz.
The teacher told Ahmet TO answer the question. (Öğretmen Ahmet’e soruyu
cevaplamasını söyledi.)
My father said to me: “Don’t open the window.”
My father told me NOT TO open the window.(Babam pencereyi açmamamı
söyledi.)
Görüldüğü gibi, emir cümlesi olumsuz olursa, başka bir söyleyişle “don’t” ile
başlarsa, indirect yapmak için “don’t” yerine “not to” kullanmaktayız, “said to” indirect
cümlede “told” olur.
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ACTIVITY 3. Change the followings to indirect.
The teacher said to the students: “Do your homework.”
“Don’t watch TV .”
– 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
– 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
“Listen to some music.” – 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
“Don’t go to bed late.”
– 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
“Buy a new dictionary” – 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Two friends are talking.
What are they talking about?
(Ne hakkında konuşuyorlar?)
Kathy : Do you have any pets ?
Cem : No, I don’t. It’s hard to look after them.
Kathy : I have two pets, I love them.
Cem : You are joking Kathy.
Kathy : Animals are the best friends. They are better than human.
Cem : Are they honest ?
Kathy : Of course, they never tell lies.
Cem : Do you mean ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? I can tell lies . . . . . . . . . . ?
Kathy : No, I mean they are not as clever as we are. So, they don’t know telling
lies.
Cem : How about drinking a cup of coffee?
Kathy : Yes, and after that; shall we go to the zoo ?
Cem : Yes, it is sunny, the weather is nice. We can go to the zoo and visit our
prisoner friends. All the animals are prisoner at the zoo.
Kathy : Unfortunately, you are right.
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Diyalogda Kathy Cem’e: “Do you have any pets?” (Evcil hayvanın var mı?) diye
sormaktadır. Biz, şimdi ifadeyi, “Kathy Cem’e, her hangi bir evcil hayvanı olup olmadığını sordu.” şeklinde yazmaya çalışalım:
Kathy asked Cem: “Do you have any pets?”
Kathy asked Cem if he had any pets. (Kathy, Cem’e her hangi bir evcil hayvanı
olup olmadığını sordu.)
Başka bir örnek yine okuduğumuz diyalogdan verelim:
Cem asked Kathy: “Are they honest?”
Cem asked Kathy if they were honest. Yardımcı fiillerle başlayan soruları indirect şekilde ifade etmek istediğimiz zaman, örnekte görüldüğü gibi, aktaran (reporting) kısım ile aktarılan (reported) kısım arasında “if” kullanırız. Soru, “what, how,
when, where… gibi soru kelimeleri ile başladığı zaman yukarda kullandığımız if in
yerine bu soru kelimelerini kullanırız.
Cem asked Kathy: “How are you?”
Cem asked Kathy how she was.
The teacher asked Ali: “How old are you?”
The teacher asked Ali how old he was.
They asked me: “Where are you from?”
They asked me where ı was from.
Verdiğimiz son üç örnekte aktaran kısımdaki asked (sordu) şeklindedir. Şimdi
bu fiili ask (asks) = sorar şeklinde yazarak örnekleri yeniden yapalım:
Cem asks Kathy: ”How are you?”
The teacher asks Ali: “How old are you?”
They ask me: “Where are you from?”
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Cem asks Kathy how she is.
The teacher asks Ali how old he is.
They ask me where I am from. (Onlar nereli olduğumu sorarlar.)
Örneklerde görüldüğü gibi, “sorar” şeklinde başlayan cümlelerde indirect’e aktarma yapılırken tırnak içerisindeki kısmın zamanı değişmemektedir.
ACTIVITY 4. Tim is a student at Istanbul University. Look at the questions an
interviewer asked him. Change them to reported questions as in the example.
(İstanbul Üniversitesinde okuyan Tim’e bir mülakatçı sorular sormuştur. Onları
örnekte olduğu gibi indirect’e çeviriniz.)
1. Why do you want to study at Istanbul University?
She asked Tim why he wanted to study at Istanbul University.
2. Are you pleased with your friends?
. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Who do you live with?
. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Do you think you will be successful?
. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. How long have you studied Turkish?
. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. What do you want to be?
. . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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SECTION 2
TV AND THE NET
How much TV do you watch a day?
Read the text and take notes on adverse effects of TV and the NET.
(Metni okuyunuz ,TV ve İnternet’in zararlı etkileri üzerine notlar alınız.)
TV is within the reach of the
general public. So it has become an
important mass media all over the
world. Unfortunately this resource
isn’t used in the way that people could
get the best benefits from it. Because
the content of many programs is not
educational. It makes us waste time
that we could use in more beneficial
situations and it negatively affects
children’s mental development.
Some movies, series and shows
present scenes of violence and drugs.
This influences people (especially the young) into having a negative behaviour.
Children watching a lot of tv can get the
idea of a world where women should be
slender and blonde to stand out, and
problems can only be solved with money
and violence and wars are inevitable.
That is not to say we should ban tv, and
in the same way the Net as well.
Notes on adverse effects of TV and the Net
(TV ve internetin zararlı etkilerini gösteren notlar.)
– not educational
– waste time
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– negatively affects children’s mental
– violence scenes
– influences people into having negative behaviour
ACTIVITY 1. Here are five notes on beneficial sides of TV and the Net. Match
them with the given verbs.
(TV ve İnternet’in yararlarını anlatan beş notu, verilen fiillerle eşleştiriniz.)
a) watch
b) hear
c) can be
d) reach
e) learn about
1. . . . ............................ educational.
2. . . . ............................ health and sports programmes.
3. . . . ............................ knowledge easily.
4. . . . ............................ technological development.
5. . . . ............................ news.
ACTIVITY 2. Match the words with their definitions.
(Kelimeleri tanımları ile karşılaştırınız.)
1. violence
2. benefit
3. resource
4. slender
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5. inevitable
a) that can not be stopped from happening.
b) in the size you like, thin.
c) when people use force and try to hurt or kill other people.
d) something, a country ,an organization or a person has.
e) an advantage you get from something.
96
SECTION (BÖLÜM) 3
WHAT HAPPENED TO WRITING LETTER?
Do you like writing letters?
Have you ever written one?
Read the part and do the following exercises.
(Parçayı okuyunuz ve devamındaki alıştırmaları yapınız.)
Writing letters was common before mobile phones and e-mail rushed into
our lives. Especially young people do not know writing letters. It can easily be said
that we are forgetting day by day. This is the adverse side of technological devices
on traditional communication.
Letters are different from sms or e-mails. They are written carefully. You can
see one’s feelings and thought in a letter and they can be kept for long years.
Sometimes they may remain from your forefathers, regarded as documents.
Researchers try to find facts in the past , through letters and sometimes they are
very important documents for them. I think we should keep writing letters.
ACTIVITY 1. Answer the following questions.
1. Why do you think people don’t write letters?
. . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Is it good to forget writing letters?
. . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. What is the difference between an e-mail and a letter?
. . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Why are letters important for researchers?
. . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
97
Reha and his friend Robin are roommates. They are in their room. Robin is
asking some questions to Reha.
Robin : If you had a lot of money, what would you do?
Reha : I think, I would build a school.
Robin : … and ıf you were a famous rock singer, what would you do?
Reha : Let me think… I would help the poor in Africa.
Robin : Well done Reha! Another question to you : If you went to America,
what would you do first?
Reha : I would visit my close friend.
Robin : Another question to you Reha: If you saw somebody stealing money,
what would you do?
Reha : I would call the police.
Robin : The last question to you Reha; If you failed your final exam, what
would you do?
Reha : I would be upset.
When we imagine and say unreal things at the present, we use “if” (past tense)
and a sentence with “would”. (Şu anda gerçek olmayan şeyleri düşünmek ve ifade
etmek istediğimiz zaman, “if” (past tense) yapısı ve devamında “would” la ifade
ettiğimiz cümle yapısı kullanılır. If ı had money; (param olsaydı), (demek şu anda
yok,hayal ediyorum). I would buy a house. (Bir ev satın alacaktım (alırdım.) If I had
money, I would buy a house.
Robin ve Reha arasında geçen diyalogda kullanılan cümlelerden bazılarını inceleyelim: If you saw somebody, (Birisini görseydiniz.) stealing money (para çalan) If
you saw somebody, stealing money, what would you do? (Ne yapardınız?)
I would call the police. (Polisi arardım.)
If you went to America, (Amerikaya gitseydiniz)
What would you do first? (İlk önce ne yapardınız?)
If you went to America, what would you do first?
I would visit my close friend. Cümlede anlam present dir. Şu an olmasını
istediğimiz,vede var olmayan şeylerden söz ediyoruz. Ayrıca bu tür unreal (gerçek
olmayan) durumlarda was yerine, were kullanabildiğimizi daha önce belirtmiştik.
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ACTIVITY 2. Complete the following sentences.
(Cümleleri tamamlayınız.)
1. If I were rich , I ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. If I had a car , I ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. I would visit Topkapı Museum ,if I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. If I saw him, I ...................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. I would see ....................... If I (visit North Pole) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A TELEPHONE DIALOGUE
– Macrocomputer Co. Paula speaking. How can ı help you?
– Could I speak to Mr. Baker?
– Could I ask you who is calling?
– Yes, Emir Kıyak, from Turkey.
– I’m really sorry Mr. Kıyak, the line is engaged at the moment.
– Could I please leave a message with you?
– Certainly Mr. Kıyak…. Oh Mr. Baker is free now, hold on a minute, I will put
you through.
– Thank you very much.
Could I speak to Mr. Baker? (Bay Baker ile konuşabilir miyim (konuşabilir miydim?)
Konuşma resmî ortamda geçtiği için can ile sorulabilecek sorular, daha kibarca olabilmesi için could ile sorulmaktadır.
some phrases in the dialogue
to leave a message – bir mesaj bırakmak
the line is engaged – hat meşguldür.
certainly
– peki, hay hay.
99
hold on
– biraz bekle, bir dakika
put through
– (telefonu) hatta bağlamak
Open Activity (Serbest etkinlik)
Change the dialogue above to an informal dialogue by using “can” instead
of “could”.
(Yukardaki diyaloğu samimi bir diyalog şekline dönüştürün. could yerine cankullanarak.)
..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Two roommate university students are in their room.They are bored.
Read their conversation and find out what the conversation is about.
(İki oda arkadaşı, üniversite öğrencisi odalarındadırlar. Canları sıkılmıştır. Konuşmalarını okuyun ve ne hakkında konuştuklarını bulun.)
Linda : I’m bored, let’s do something.
Polly : I’m bored, too. Where to go?
Linda : Shall we go to the cinema ?
Polly : I would rather (sooner) stay at home than go to the cinema.
Linda : Polly, I would rather be going out than be thinking in here all day.
Polly : I would rather have gone to Susane’s house, our German friend. You
know, she invited us yesterday.
Linda : She is always smoking in her room. I don’t want to stay in the smoke.
It was a good decision, we didn’t go.
Polly : Yes, you are right. I would rather , she didn’t smoke. Unfortunately she
smokes.
100
Explanations: “would rather (sooner), would prefer, prefer” gibi ifadeleri, bir
şeyi tercih ettiğimiz zaman veya bir şeyi herhangi başka bir şeye tercih ettiğimiz
vakit kullanırız. Anlamca aralarında pek fark olmamasına rağmen, yapısal bakımdan
bazı farklılıklar vardır.Bunları vereceğimiz örneklerde göreceksiniz:
Ë
They are talking about having a good time and their preferences.
I would rather = Tercih ederim.
I would rather stay at home than go to the cinema.
than = den, dan
than go to the cinema = Sinemaya gitmektense
I would rather stay at home than go to the cinema.
(Sinemaya gitmektense evde oturmayı tercih ederim. Veya, evde kalmayı sinamaya gitmeye tercih ederim.)
O an içinde bulunulan durumdan şikâyet edilirse cümle yapısı şöyle olur: I
would rather(sooner) be resting at home than be working in here. (Burada çalışıyor
olmaktansa evde istirahat etmeyi tercih ederim.)
Geçmişte bir şeyi yapmış veya yapmamış olmayı tercih etmek durumunda ise
cümle yapısı şöyle olur:
I would rather have listened to him carefully.
(Onu dikkatle dinlemiş olmayı tercih ederdim.)
Bir başkası için tercih ifade ediliyorsa:
I would rather he didn’t drink alcohol, but he drinks.
(Onun alkol içmemesini tercih ederdim(isterdim.)
I would rather he had accepted.
Negative:
I would rather NOT write in French.
101
ACTIVITY 3. Match the followings.
(Aşağıdakileri karşılaştırın.)
The sentences are from the dialogue you have read.
1. I would rather stay at home than go to the cinema.
2. I would rather have gone to Sausane’s house.
3. I would rather be going out than be thinking in here all day.
4. I would rather she didn’t smoke.
a) içinde bulunulan durumdan şikâyet edilmekte.
b) başkası için tercihte bulunulmuştur.
c) geçmişte yapmamış olduğu bir tercihten şimdi söz ediyor.
d) bir şeyi başka bir şeye tercih etmektedir.
Yukardaki cümleleri (1-4) would prefer ile ifade ettiğimizde, cümlelerde bazı
değişiklikler görülür:
1. I would prefer to stay at home rather than to go out.
2. I would prefer to have gone to Sausane”s house.
3. I would prefer to be going out rather than to be thinking in here all day.
4. I would prefer her not to smoke.
Prefer
I prefer milk to tea (Sütü çaya tercih ederim.)
I prefer drinking water to drinking tea. (Su içmeyi , çay içmeye tercih ederim.)
I prefer to drink water rather than drinking tea.
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Filling a simple form:
First name: ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Last name: ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Address (number, street): ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
City: . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State: ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cell phone: ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Email: .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sex: . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Date of birth: .......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marital status: ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Occupation: ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Height: ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weight: ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Eyes (colour): ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hobbies: ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fill in the form above
(Yukarıdaki formu kendinize göre doldurun.)
First name – ilk isim
Last name – son isim (soy ad)
City – şehir
State – ülke
Cell phone – cep telefonu
Sex – cinsiyet (male = erkek, female = dişi, bayan)
Date of birth – doğum tarihi
Marital status – medeni hâl
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Occupation – meslek, iş
Height – boy
Weight – kilo
Hobbies – hobiler
Suggestions: (öneriler) To make suggestions, we use:
shall
let’s
could
should
why don’t
Shall we go to the park? (Parka gidelim mi?)
Let’s listen to some music. (Hadi biraz müzik dinleyelim.)
We could invite some friends. (Bazı arkadaşları davet edebilirdik (edebiliriz.)
Where should (shall) we go for our holiday? What about Turkey?
(Tatilimiz için nereye gitsek… Türkiye’ye ne dersiniz?)
Why don’t we study together? (Neden birlikte çalışmıyoruz?)
offer: Teklif, teklif etmek
We can use will or can to offer to do something and we use would like,
will / won’t to offer food and drinks.
I will carry your bag.
I can take you to school.
Shall I give you some money?
Can I help you?
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To offer food and drink:
Would you like tea? (Çay ister miydiniz?)
Would anyone like more coffee?
Will you have some grapes? (Biraz üzüm yer misiniz?)
Won’t you have something?
Have it. (Yiyin onu.)
invitation: (Davet)
We use ; Would you like ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
Will . . .................................... . . . . . . . . ?
Won’t you ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . ?
Would you like to have dinner with us? (Bizimle akşam yemeği yer misiniz?
Would you like to stay at the weekend? (Hafta sonu kalmak ister miydiniz?)
Will you come for coffee? (Kahve için gelir misiniz?)
Won’t you sit ? (Oturmaz mısınız?)
ACTIVITY 4. What words remind you sports? Put a cross near them.
(Hangi kelime size sporu hatırlatır, yanına bir çarpı koyunuz.)
1. referee
2. players
3. climate
4. coach
5. river
6. court
7. sea
8. helmet
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Watch out!
maths, politics, physics, the police, news
tekil olarak kullanılırlar.
News is bad. (Haberler kötü.)
The weather
How is the weather? (Hava nasıl?)
What is it like out?
hot
It’s hot.
warm
It’s warm.
cool
cold
dry
wet
rain (yağmur) – rainy (yağmurlu) It’s raining.
snow (kar )
–
snowy
It’s snowing.
wind (rüzgâr) –
windy
It’s blowing.
sun (güneş)
sunny
The sun is shining.
–
cloud (bulut) –
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cloudy
KEY TO THE EXERCISES IN UNIT THREE
SECTION 1
Activity 1
1. He said that they were on holiday.
2. He said that they went to the beach.
3. He said that it was sunny there.
4. He said that his father bought(had bought) a car.
Activity 2
a) sit down
b) write your name here.
c) write your phone number.
d) put your signature here.
e) pay at the desk.
f ) don’t speak this way.
Activity 3
1 . The teacher told the students to do their homework. (Örnek)
2. . . . ..................... not to watch tv.
3. . . . ..................... to listen to some music.
4. . . . ..................... not to go to bed late.
5. . . . ..................... to buy a new dictionary.
Activity 4
1. (Yapılmış örnek)
2. She asked him if he was pleased with his friends.
3. She asked him who he lived with.
4. She asked him ıf he thought he would be successful.
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5. She asked him how long he had studied Turkish.
6. She asked him what he wanted to be.
SECTION 2
Activity 1
1. c
2. a
3. d
4. e
5. b
Activity 2
1. c
2. e
3. d
4. b
5. a
SECTION 3
Activity 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
Because, they use new technological communication ways.
No, it isn’t.
Letters are written carefully. They are documents.
Because ,they learn about past through letters.
Activity 2 (suggested answers.)
1. I would go on a holiday.
2. I wouldn’t go to school on foot.
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3. If I went to Ist.
4. I would spit at him.
5. I would see white bears, If I visited N.P.
Open activity (Serbest etkinlik)
Activity 3
1. d
2. c
3. a
4. b
Activity 4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
referee
players
coach
court
helmet
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VOCABULARY
UNIT ONE
animal (en’ımıl) a living thing that is not a plant – hayvan
boring (bor’ing) dull, uninteresting – sıkıcı, can sıkıcı
pond (pand) a small area of water, pool – ufak göl,havuz
surrounding (sıraunding) that is near or around – çevredeki, etraftaki
large (larc) very big – büyük, geniş
variety (vıray’ıti) state of being different – değişiklik, farklılık
shape (şeip) form of a thing – biçim, şekil, suret
size (saiz) bigness – beden, büyüklük, hacim
branch (branç) chapter, bough, arm – dal, kol, şube, bölüm
zoology (zıulıci) scientific study of animals – hayvanlar bilimi, zooloji
remind (rimaind’) cause to remember – hatırlatmak
silk (silk) thread made by insects – ipek, ipekli kumaş
dung (dang) solid waste from animals – pislik, gübre
leather (ledh’ır) skin of animal – deri, tabakalanmış deri
wool (wul) the soft hair of a sheep – yün, yün gibi yumuşak
load (loud) quantity of something that is carried by a vehicle – yük, ağırlık, yüklemek
owner (ounır) someone who owns something – sahip
remember (rimem’bır) to have in your memory and bring back into your mind –
hatırlamak
well done (wel’dan’) bravo, iyi yapılmış
clever (klev’ır) quick in learning and understanding – akıllı, zeki, becerikli
produce (prıdyus) bring about, bring forth – üretmek, yetiştirmek
job (cob) piece of work, employment – iş, görev
imprisoned (imprizınd) to be in a prison – mahpus, hapsedilmiş
improved (impruvd) the state of being better than before – gelişmiş, gelişkin
expect (ikspekt’) think that something or an event will probably happen – beklemek, ümit etmek
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welfare (wel’feır) good condition, health, success – refah, iyi hâl, sıhhat, afiyet
environment (invairınmınt) all the conditions which have an effect on growth
and character – çevre
bear (beır) large, wild animal with long hair – ayı
documentary (dakyımen’tıri) factual film otainment – dokümanter, belgesel
thin (thin) not thick, not deep, not broad – ince, seyrek, hafif, inceltmek
look thin – ince görünmek
at least – en az, en azından, hiç olmazsa
sad (sed) feeling sorrow – kederli, üzgün
fail (feil) not to succeed – başaramamak, becerememek
past participle – fiillerin üçüncü şekilleri (give, gave, given) given = verilen,
(sıfat olarak kullanılır.)
lose (luuz) fail to keep, not to win, be unable to find – kaybetmek, yitirmek
tent (tent) cloth shelter – çadır, otağ
shadow (şed’ou) dark form (shape) of a thing that appears on a surface – gölge,
karanlık
grow (grou) to develop and become bigger or larger over period of time – büyümek, gelişmek
jungle (cang’gıl) trees and large plants growing very close together – sık ağaçlı
ve otlu vahşi orman
exhausted (igzostıd) extremely tired – tükenmiş, yorgun, bitkin
disappear (disıpir) go out of sight, be seen no more – gözden kaybolmak, ortadan kaybolmak
hard (haard) difficult, not soft, unkind – katı, sert, güç, zor
creature (kri’çır) any living thing,an animal, fish or insect – yaratık, varlık, mahlukat
hunt (hant) go after wild animals and try to catch or kill them – avlamak
tiger (tay’gır) large, wild fierce cat – kaplan
roaring (ror’ing) making a continuous loud deep noise – gürleme, kükreme
suddenly (sadnli) quickly and unexpectedly – birdenbire, ansızın
notice (noutis) a written or printed statement that gives information or warning
– ilan, haber, uyarı
traditional (trıdiş’ınıl) customs or way of life that have not changed – geleneksel
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skin (skin) outer covering of the body – deri, cilt, tulum
real (ri’yıl) actual, true – gerçek, hakiki
faint (feint) not bright, sudden loss of all feelings – donuk, belirsiz, baygın, bayılmak, solmak
frighten (frayt’ın) to make afraid – korkutmak,dehşete düşürmek
thief (thif) one who steals – hırsız
urgently (öcıntli) immediately – önemle, acilen
recommend (rekımend) advise – tavsiye etmek, önermek
quality (kwol’ıti) standard of something, good or bad – nitelik, vasıf, özellik
breathing (bri’dhing) nefes alma, teneffüs
difficulty (dif’ıkılti) when something is not easy to do – güçlük,zorluk
inside (insayd’) enclosed in – iç, içerde, içeriye
trouble (trab’ıl) difficulty, grief, cause difficulty to – zahmet, sıkıntı, tedirgin etmek
campaign (kampein) things that you plan and do in order to achieve a result –
kampanya
against (ıgeinst) opposite – muhalif, karşıt , aleyhinde
support (sıpoort) to help and encourage someone – desteklemek, tahammül
etmek
protect (prıtekt) to guard, to shelter from evil – korumak, muhafaza etmek
otherwise (adhırwaiz) in a different way, if this is not so – yoksa, başka türlü
waste (weist) israf, çöp, kullanıp yıpratmak, israf etmek
freezer (fri’zır) in which food is kept frozen – dondurucu
existence (igzis’tıns) the state or fact of being real or living – varlık, mevcudiyet
sculpture (skalp’çır) beautiful figures cut in stones – heykel, heykelcilik
pottery (pat’ıri) pots etc . made out of baked clay – çömlek işi, çanak, çömlekçilik
expert (ek’spırt) one who has special knowledge obtained by practice – usta,
uzman, becerikli
reveal (rıviil) make known, announce display – açığa vurmak, meydana çıkarmak
spread (spred) scatter – yayılmak, bulaşmak
peace (piis) quietness, freedom from war – huzur, rahat, barış
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UNIT TWO
healthy (hel’thi) having good health sağlıklı, sıhhatli, sağlam
heart (hart) the organ inside your chest that pumps blood – yürek,kalp,gönül
weight (weit) heaviness - ağırlık, sıklet
level (lev’ıl) flat, not hilly – seviye, derece
fat (fet) not thin şişman
damage (dem’ic) break, hurt, or destroy – zarar, ziyan, hasar
vessel (ves’ıl) pipe which carries the blood in it, container – damar , kap
promote (prımout) raise, elevate – ilerletmek, kıymetini artırmak
salary (sel’ıri) regular fixed payment – maaş, aylık, ücret
hurry (hâr’i) cause to move or act quickly – acele etmek, acele ile gitmek
great (greyt) big, extending far and wide, very good – büyük, kocaman, harika
rude (ruud) not polite – kaba, kibar olmayan
blow (blou) sudden hard stroke, stream of air - darbe, hamle, esmek, rüzgâra
kapılmak
truth (truth) fact, reality - hakikat, gerçek
gene (ciin) gen
inherit (inherıt) receive money, qualities of character etc as the descendant of a
person – miras alma
nutrition (nyutriş’ın) the kind of food you eat and the way it affects your health
– gıda, beslenme
depend on - dayanmak,güvenmek
preserve (prizırv’) keep from harm - korumak,esirgemek
potential (pıten’şıl) something is not problem now but may happen in the future
– potansiyel
generation (cenırey’şın) age group – nesil, zürriyet, doğuş, soy
upbringing (ap’bringing) the way that a child is taught to behave – terbiye, yetişme
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previous (pri’viyıs) happening or existing at an earlier time – evvel, evvelki, eski
wealthy (wel’thi) having a lot of valuable possessions – zengin, servet sahibi
death (deth) the end of someone’s life – ölüm
infancy (in’fınsi) the period in a child’s life before walking or talking – bebeklik,
çocukluk, küçüklük
commonplace (kam’ınpleys) ordinary – olağan, sıradan, bayağı
despite (dispayt’) in spite of … e rağmen (Despite her big nose, she became Miss
Turkey.)
disease (dizız’) hastalık, rahatsızlık
successful (sıkses’fıl) having the result or effect that was wanted – başarılı
struggle (strag’ıl) fight, try hard – mücadele, mücadele etmek
infection (infekşn) disease, caused by transferring bacterias to others – bulaşma,
bulaştırma
typhoid (tay’foid) a serious infectious disease – tifo
tuberculosis (tyubırkyılıu’sis) – tüberküloz, verem
pneumonia (nyumıun’yı) serious disease of the lungs – zatürre, akciğer iltihabı
height (hait) distance from the top to the bottom – yükseklik, yükselti
sound (saund) noise, voice, the idea or impression that you get of sth – ses, seda,
gibi olma
lower (louır) make less high, cause to descend, bottom, minor – indirmek, azaltmak, daha aşağı
fix (fiks) to repair, to arrange an exact time, price, place – onarmak, kararlaştırmak
for a living – geçinmek için
increasingly (inkrisingli) gitgide artan bir şekilde, yükselerek
curious (kyur’iıs) eager for knowledge, strange – meraklı
found (faund) begin the building of a house – kurmak, temelini atmak, tesis
etmek
invent (invent’) think out something new, a new machine etc. – icat etmek
location (loukey’şın) place – yer, mekân, mevki
114
welcome (wel’kım) met or received with pleasure – hoş geldiniz, memnuniyetle
karşılamak
smile (smail) turn up the corners of the mouth showing pleasure – gülümsemek, tebessüm etmek
face (feis) front of the head containing eyes, mouth etc. – yüz, çehre, surat
warmly (wormli) friendly - samimiyetle, şevkle
complain (kımpleyn’) not satisfied about something – şikâyet etmek, yakınmak
properly (pırapırli) correctly, in an acceptable way – uygun şekilde, doğru olarak
refund (rifand) the money you have paid that is given back to you – parayı iade
etmek
knife (naif) blade fixed in a handle used for cutting – bıçak, çakı
military service – askerlik hizmeti (to do military service = askerlik hizmetini
yapmak)
compulsory (kımpal’sıri) obligatory, must – mecburi, yükümlü
national (neş’ınıl) relating to the whole of a country – millî, ulusal
security (sikyur’ıti) the things you do to keep someone or something safe – emniyet, güvenlik
order (or’dı) legally or officially correct, to tell someone to do something – düzen, nizam, emir vermek
ask for – istemek, sormak, aramak
possibility (pasıbıl’ıti) chance, likelihood – olabilirlik, ihtimal
concert (konsırt’) konser
ability (ıbil’ıti) state of being able – yetenek, kabiliyet
request (rikwest’) when someone politely asks for something, (that is request) –
rica, dilek, niyaz
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UNIT THREE
headline (hed’lain) the title of a newspaper report, printed in large letters – başlık, başlık koymak
vıolent (vay’ılınt) showing great or uncontrolled force – sert, şiddet, zorla yapılan
saldırı
suicide (suuisaid) act of killing oneself – intihar
blame (bleim) saying that a person is the cause of a certain trouble – ayıplama,
kabahat, kusur
press (pres) to push together – basmak, bastırmak, sıkmak
secret (si’krit) not to be made known to others – gizli, saklı
toxic (tak’sik) poisonous – zehirli
dump (damp) to drop or put something somewhere in a careless way – boşaltmak, dikkatsizce atmak
ban (ben) an order ,a notice to forbid something – yasaklamak, menetmek, beyanname, tebliğ
interest (in’trıst) the feeling that you want to give your attention to something
– alaka, ilgi, merak
defence (difens’) protecting oneself, not attacking – savunma, müdafaa
minister (min’istır) person in charge of one part of the government – bakan, bakmak, yardım etmek
subscribe (sıbskraib) support, pay money with others for some good purpose –
abone olmak, kabul
principal (prin’sıpıl) chief, head of a school – baş, ana, müdür
bossy (boss’i) dominant – hükmeden, sert tabiatlı
nervous (nır’vıs) worried or frightened about something and unable to relax –
sinirli, asabi
honest (an’ist) fair – dürüst, hilesiz, doğruluk, iffet
adverse (edvırs) conditions or effects that are bad and cause problems – olumsuz, zıt, muhalif, ters
general (cen’ırıl) the whole, common – umumi, genel
116
mass (mes) batch, bulk – yığın, küme
resource (risors’) the thing you can depend on as a solution – kaynak, çare, dayanak
benefit (ben’ıfit) an advantage or improvement that you get from something –
kâr, yarar, fayda
educational (ecukeişınıl) connected with education – tahsille ilgili, eğitimsel
mental (men’tıl) having to do with the mind – zihne ait, zihinsel
drug (drag) medicine - ilaç, ecza
influence (in’fluıns) have an effect on, effect, cause of an effect – baskı, tesir, etki
behaviour (biheivyı) way in which one acts – davranış
war (wor) fight – savaş
slender (slen’dır) slim, lean – ince, narin, zayıf
hurt (hört) injured, to make yourself or someone else feel pain – yara, acı, ağrı
advantage (ıdven’tic) gain, anything likely to produce gain or success – yarar,
çıkar, avantaj, menfaat
rush (raş) press rapidly forward,seize by a sudden attack – koşmak, hucum etmek, acele etmek
device (divais) a machine or tool used for a particular purpose – cihaz, alet
remain (rimein) continue to be, kalmak, durmak, mevcut kalmak
forefathers (for’fadhırs) ata, cet
regard (rigard) respect for someone, to think about something in a particular
way – saygı, gibi görmek
document (dak’yımınt) written paper, certificate – belge, vesika, delil
researcher (risöçı) a person who try to discover new facts – araştırmacı
build (bild) to put together materials in order to make a thing, a house – bina
etmek, inşa etmek
final (fay’nıl) end – son, kesin
upset (apset) to turn over, troubled – devrilmiş, düzeni bozulmuş, altüst etmek
unreal (anri’yıl) not real – hakiki olmayan, sahte
117
line (lain) string, boundary, a long thin mark on a surface – çizgi, yol, çizgilerle
göstermek
engaged (ingeicd’) busy, having agreed to get married – meşgul, nişanlı
certainly (sötınli) without doubt – elbette, tabii, baş üstüne
decision (dısij’ın) judgement that you make – karar, hüküm, emir
state (steit) to say something publicly ,condition you are in – hâl, vaziyet, ifade
etmek, belirtmek
118
UNIT THREE (TEST)
1. I don’t have enough money to change my car. If I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . more money , I
. . . . . . . . . . . ..... a new car.
Yukarıdaki kişinin söylediği cümleyi anlamlı şekilde tamamlayan seçenek aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) had / change
B) had / would change
C) have / can change
D) would have / changed
2. A: You are always late for work. Your boss is angry again.
B : If I lived near my office building, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yukarıdaki karşılıklı konuşmada B’nin cümlesini tamamlayan seçeneği bulunuz.
A) I can come to my work on time.
B) I was coming to my work on time.
C) I would come to my work on time.
D) I have come to my work on time.
3. . . . . . . . . . . . ............................... , I would lower the taxes.
A) If I am the president,
B) If I were the president,
C) If I have been the president,
D) If can be the president,
4. If they played well, .................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A) they would win the match.
B) they would go to the cinema.
C) they would cook delicious meals.
D) they would would lose the game.
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5. If I told their father, ................. . . . . . . . . .
Yukarıdaki cümleyi doğru olarak tamamlayan seçenek aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) I were in charge at the company.
B) we would change the time of the meeting.
C) you could see the doctor.
D) he would be very angry.
6. . . . . . . . ........................... We would travel in England.
Yukarıdaki cümleyi anlamlı bir şekilde tamamlayan seçenek aşağıdakilerden
hangisidir?
A) If we studied maths at university,
B) If they slept very early at the weekend,
C) If she spent all of her money,
D) If we improved our English,
7. They wouldn’t be tired, ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hangisidir?
A) if they went to bed earlier.
B) if they worked a lot.
C) if they didn’t read that book.
D) if they watched the movie twice
8. If I were rich, ......................... . . . . . . .
hangisidir?
A) I can help the poor people.
B) I would help the poor people.
C) I help the poor people.
D) I have helped the poor people.
120
9. Sue’s children are too young to look after . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hangisidir?
A) herself
B) them
C) themselves
D) himself
10. I don’t need any help. I can take care of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hangisidir?
A) herself
B) me
C) themselves
D) myself
11. If the old man .................... some money, he would hire a taxi.
hangisidir?
A) have
B) had
C) will have
D) has had
12. A: It isn’t nice. It is stormy and cold today. If the weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . good,
we would go swimming.
B : Yes, you are right.
Yukarıdaki karşılıklı konuşmada boşluğu tamamlayan seçenek aşağıdakilerden
hangisidir?
A) were
B) would be
C) have
D) is
121
13. If you don’t succeed in the test, you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the job.
hangisidir?
A) will get
B) wouldn’t get
C) won’t get
D) didn’t get
14. I . . . . . . ......................... very unhappy if my friends didn’t come to my party.
hangisidir?
A) have been
B) will be
C) would be
D) would
15. A: Would you like some more cake?
B : . . . ................................... . . . . . .
Yukarıdaki karşılıklı konuşmada cümleyi tamamlayan seçenek aşağıdakilerden
hangisidir?
A) No, I am not.
B) Yes, it is my cake.
C) Yes, I do.
D) No, thanks.
16. I have got five photo cameras. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yukarıdaki cümleyi tamamlayan cümle aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) I don’t like taking pictures.
B) I like taking pictures.
C) I hate taking pictures.
D) I won’t take pictures again.
122
17. Suzan drinks coffee twice a day. She prefers drinking tea and drinks ten cups of
tea everyday.
Yukarıdaki cümleden çıkarabileceğimiz sonuç aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) Suzan drinks a lot of coffee everyday.
B) Suzan likes tea more than coffee.
C) Suzan drinks her coffee every morning and afternoon.
D) Suzan never drinks tea and coffee.
18. A: . . . . . . . .................................... .
B : Tea, please.
Yukarıdaki karşılıklı konuşmadaki eksik cümle aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) Would you prefer tea or coffee?
B) Would you like tea?
C) Would you like to drink tea?
D) Would you like to drink coffee?
19. “Çayı kolaya tercih ederim.”
Yukarıdaki cümlenin İngilizce karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) I like tea but I don’t like cola.
B) I prefer drinking cola.
C) I prefer tea and cola.
D) I prefer tea to cola.
20. My father prefers driving by car to going by bus to work.
Yukarıdaki cümlenin Türkçe karşılığı aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) Babam işe daima araba yerine otobüsle gider.
B) Babam işe otobüsle giderdi ama şimdi arabayla gidiyor.
C) Babam işe arabayla gitmeyi, otobüsle gitmeye tercih eder.
D) Babam işe otobüsle gitmeyi, arabayla gitmeye tercih eder.
123
21. I . . . . . ........................... study at home than play with my friends at weekends.
Yukarıdaki cümleyi dil bilgisi açısından tamamlayan seçenek aşağıdakilerden
hangisidir?
A) prefer
B) would rather
C) had better
D) can
22. I prefer chicken ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . fish.
A) from
B) rather
C) rather than
D) on
23. My mother made this pullover .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A) her
B) himself
C) hers
D) herself
24. Ali and Zeynep collected all these stickers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A) themselves
B) himself
C) herself
D) myself
25. I went to see the manager ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A) me
B) mine
C) my
D) himself
124
26. Mehmet is a very lazy student and he never does his homework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A) him
B) himself
C) his
D) he
27. A: Why do you travel so much?
B : Because I like . ..................... new places.
A) see
B) saw
C) sees
D) seeing
28. When I was a child, I was afraid of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a horse.
A) ride
B) riding
C) rides
D) rode
29. A: Why are you so nervous?
B : I have to get up very early at weekends and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yukarıdaki karşılıklık konuşmayı tamamlayan seçenek aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) I hate getting up early.
B) I love getting up early.
C) I always get up early and I am happy with this.
D) I don’t hate getting up early.
30. A: . . . . . . . ............... did you put the book?
B : I don’t know.
A) whose
B) which
C) where
D) who
125
31. A: Do you remember the restaurant?
B : . . . ...........................
A) Yes, it is not very fast.
B) No, it isn’t that restaurant.
C) Yes, it was a very nice place.
D) No, it is very crowded.
32. A: . . . . .......................... do you go to school with?
B : My brother
A) What
B) Who
C) Why
D) Where
33. A: . . . . .......................... do you get up in the mornings?
B : At 8 o’clock.
Yukarıdaki karşılıklık konuşmayı tamamlayan soru kelimesi aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) Which
B) Where
C) Why
D) What time
34. A: . . . . .......................... one do you want?
B : I want the yellow shirt.
Yukarıdaki karşılıklık konuşmayı tamamlayan seçenek aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) which
B) who
C) whose
D) where
35. A: We have got two rooms. Which one would you like?
B : . . . ...........................
A : Okay.
Yukarıdaki konuşmayı tamamlayan seçenek aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) It is the next room.
B) The room is very expensive.
C) The one with a balcony.
D) Your hotel isn’t so clean.
126
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Alexander, L.G. “Developing Skills” Longman
Jupp,TC and Milne, John “Guided Course in English Composition” Heinemann
Gude, Kathy and Nolasco, Rob “wow!” Oxford
O’neill, Robert and Duckworth, Michael “Success at First Certificate” Oxford
Dictionary of Contemporary English Longman
127
UNIT ONE CEVAP ANAHTARI
1. B
2. A
3. D
4. C
5. B
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. A
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
D
C
B
D
A
A
B
C
B
D
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
A
C
C
D
D
B
B
C
A
B
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
C
C
A
B
A
D
A
D
B
A
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
C
A
B
A
D
A
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
B
A
C
C
B
D
A
C
UNIT TWO CEVAP ANAHTARI
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. A
5. D
6. B
7. A
8. D
9. A
10. C
11. A
12. C
13. D
14. B
15. C
16. B
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
B
C
D
C
D
B
A
C
UNIT THREE CEVAP ANAHTARI
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
128
B
C
B
A
D
D
A
B
C
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
D
B
A
C
C
D
B
B
A
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
D
C
B
C
D
A
D
B
D
GÜNEY KIBRIS
RUM YÖNET‹M‹
NÖC: Nahcivan Özerk Cumhuriyeti
(Azerbaycan)
İl merkezleri
Başkent (Ankara)
(A
ZE N
RB .Ö
AY .C
CA
N)

İngilizce – 2 - Açık Öğretim Kurumları

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