PDF İndir - Alevilik-Bektaşilik Araştırmaları Dergisi

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PDF İndir - Alevilik-Bektaşilik Araştırmaları Dergisi
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Abstract
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“mystical knowledge” (ma`rifat), ZKLFKUHSUHVHQWVDQLQWXLWLYHDQGQRQUDWLRQDOFDSDFLW\WR REWDLQNQRZOHGJHDQG ZKLFK
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main driving force on the “spiritual path” and d) the experience of “annihilation” (fanƗ),WKH6X¿¶VXOWLPDWHJRDOWKH6X¿¶V
“unio mystica” .
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“spiritüel yol” (“tarikat”), b) Tasavvuf epistemoloji
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rasyonel olmayan bilgi edinme melekesini ifade eden
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Zusamenfassung:
Der vorliegende Artikel ist der erste Teil von in
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auch bekannt unter dem Namen „islamische Mystik“, und
soll als Einführung in die Lehren und Vorstellungen des
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der den Prozess der Vervollkommnung des Menschen
beschreibt, b) Die „mystische Erkenntnis“ („ma`rifat“),
welche eine unmittelbare, nicht verstandesmäßige Fähig
keit der Erkenntnis des Menschen darstellt und den Mit
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