Eng 1 ESIA July 2012

Transkript

FARCAN ENERGY GENERATION INC. CO.
ACWA POWER
ESER NATURAL GAS
COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL
IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
ANKARA
JULY 2012
ESER PROJECT AND ENGINEERING INC. CO.
Date / Rev: JULY 2012 / 01
No
Revision
Revision Page
1
835 MWe
1, 13, 35
2
Stack Height = 75 m
214
3
CO2 emission estimation
267
4
Steam Turbine 293.6 MW
174, 182
TITLE
OF
THE
PROJECT
OWNER
FARCAN ENERGY GENERATION CO. INC.
Turan Gunes Bulvarı Cezayir Cad. 718. Sokak No: 14
ADDRESS
Yıldız, 06550 Çankaya Ankara / TURKEY
TELEPHONE
AND
FAX Tel: 00 90 312 408 00 00
NUMBERS
Fax: 00 90 312 408 00 10
PROJECT TITLE
ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT
PROJECT COST
$ 740.000.000
MAILING
ADDRESS
OF
THE
PROJECT LOCATIN
(PROVINCE,
DISTRICT,
Kirikkale Province, Yahsihan District, Kiliclar Municipality
LOCATION)
COORDINATES
OF
THE
PROJECT, ZONE
Project Zone Coordinates are at the back page.
Turkish EIA REGULATION, ARTICLE 25: In the event that an integrated
project, which includes more than one project subject to this regulation, is
planned, it is required by the Ministry that one Environmental Impact
Assessment Report Application file is prepared.
EIA REGULATION, ANNEX-1, 2- Thermal power plants:
a)
PLACE
OF
WITHIN
THE
EIA
PROJECT
REGULATION
(SECTOR, SUB-SECTOR)
Thermal power plants the total thermal energy of which are 300 MWt
(Megawatt thermal) and above and other firing systems
EIA REGULATION, ANNEX-2, 19- Ready-Mixed Concrete Plants, plants
which has a production capacity 100 m3/h and over, which produces
structured materials by means of compression, impact, shaking or vibration by
using cement or other binding substances, plants which produce pre-stressed
concrete elements, gas concrete, precast concrete panels and similar
products.
EBRD Environmental and Social Policies and Performance Requirements
(2008) Projects, Category A Project: “ Thermal power stations and other heat
combustion facilities with a heat output of > 300 MW”
NAME OF THE INSTITUTION/
WORKING GROUP PREPARING ESER PROJECT AND ENGINEERING CO. INC.
THE EIA APPLICATION FILE
ADDRESS,
FAX
TELEPHONE
NUMBERS
INSTITUTION/
OF
AND
THE
WORKING
GROUP PREPARING THE EIA
APPLICATION FILE
Turan Gunes Bul. Cezayir Cad. 718 Sk. No: 14
Cankaya / ANKARA
Tel
: 00 90 312 408 00 00
Fax : 00 90 312 408 00 20
PRESENTATION DATE OF THE
EIA APPLICATION FILE (DAY, 24.07.2012
MONTH, YEAR)
This report has been prepared as part of EBRD’s public disclosure on the Environmental and Social
Impact Assessment Report. The report is not available for any other purposes and all rights are reserved.
This English report is a translated version of the Turkish report. In case of contradiction or discrepancy the Turkish version
shall prevail
Project Area Coordinates
Coor. Line
:
Right,
Datum
:
Type
D.O.M.
Upward
Coor. Line
:
Latitude, Longitude
ED-50
Datum
:
WGS-84
:
UTM
Type
:
GEOGRAPHIC
:
33
D.O.M.
:
--
Zone
:
36
Zone
:
--
Scale Factor
:
6 degrees
Scale Factor
:
--
1
535261.3924:4418114.1651
39.91072581:33.41221695
2
535284.9657:4418124.2680
39.91081585:33.41249330
3
535263.2306:4418063.4297
39.91026862:33.41223572
4
535242.8524:4418002.7197
39.90972249:33.41199403
5
535217.8042:4417920.7824
39.90898530:33.41169656
6
535216.4106:4417851.7497
39.90836340:33.41167654
7
535246.6471:4417719.5732
39.90717128:33.41202314
8
535264.1212:4417650.2443
39.90654592:33.41222383
9
535291.6144:4417593.2402
39.90603119:33.41254239
10 535315.5763:4417529.9303
39.90545979:33.41281929
11 535302.2080:4417469.6473
39.90491722:33.41265964
12 535339.0337:4417459.3058
39.90482251:33.41308989
13 535380.1473:4417425.0025
39.90451173:33.41356900
14 535389.4798:4417399.0227
39.90427727:33.41367677
15 535395.2811:4417351.8556
39.90385207:33.41374208
16 535440.4303:4417341.7664
39.90375929:33.41426970
17 535460.3565:4417328.1460
39.90363574:33.41450207
18 535497.4344:4417270.8897
39.90311833:33.41493271
19 535520.8740:4417208.0967
39.90255160:33.41520349
20 535294.7265:4416989.8370
39.90059460:33.41254619
21 535299.2546:4417139.3372
39.90194136:33.41260724
22 534969.1660:4417758.1700
39.90753051:33.40877898
23 535027.3455:4417956.7321
39.90931709:33.40947027
24 535090.4853:4418020.7135
39.90989093:33.41021240
25 535115.7425:4418083.8565
39.91045878:33.41051129
26 535165.4150:4418120.0585
39.91078289:33.41109438
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Name
Page No
SECTION I.
INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................1
SECTION II.
ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION FRAMEWORK STUDIES ......................2
SECTION III.
ASSESSED ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS ............................................9
SECTION IV.
DEFINITION AND PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT ......................................13
SECTION V. LOCATION OF THE PROJECT PLACE .....................................................19
V.1.
Project Location (1/50.000 or 1/100.000 scaled Environment Plant, which is
verified by the relevant Governorship or Municipality and which includes the legend and
plan notes of the activity field, verification date and stamp of exact copy of the original
and in which the project site is marked, 1/5.000 scaled Approved Land Use Plan and
1/100.000 scaled Approved Application Construction Plan (With Plan Notes and
Legends on otherwise display on the current land use map), display of the project site
and the settlements in the vicinity, identification of the distances, the region of the
project field, name, direction and distances of the facilities around, routes to be utilized
to reach the facility ........................................................................................................... 19
V.2.
Location of the Activity Units Within the Scope of the Project (Settlement Plans
of the All Administrative and Social Units, Technical Infrastructure Units and If available
Other Units, Sizes of the Indoor and Outdoor Fields Determined for These, Layer
Numbers and Heights of the Buildings, Simulated Picture), A Copy of the Topographic
Map Scaled 1/25.000 ....................................................................................................... 29
SECTION VI. ECONOMICAL AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF THE PROJECT ..............31
VI.1.
Investment Program and Financial Resources Regarding the Realization of
the Project ........................................................................................................................ 31
VI.2.
Flow Process Chart or Time Table Regarding the Realization of the Project ..... 33
VI.3.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Project ................................................................... 36
VI.4.
Other Economical, Social and Infrastructure Activities Which Are Not Within
the Scope of the Project But Planned to Be Realized by the Investor Company or Other
Firms In Connection With the Project Realization ............................................................. 37
VI.5.
Other Economical, Social and Infrastructure Activities Which Are Not Within
the Scope of the Project But Required to Be Realized by the Investor Company or Other
Firms and Required for the Realization of the Project ....................................................... 38
VI.6.
Expropriation and/or Organization of Re-Settlement .......................................... 40
VI.7.
Other Points ...................................................................................................... 41
SECTION VII. DETERMINING THE AREA THAT WILL BE IMPACTED WITHIN
THE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT AND STATING THE ENVIRONMENTAL
CHARACTERISTICS IN THIS AREA (*) ..............................................................................42
VII.1.
Determination of the area to be effected by the project, (Method of the
determination of the impact area will be stated) ................................................................ 42
VII.2.
Characteristics of the Physical and Biological Environment in the Project and
Impact Area and Use of the Natural Sources.................................................................... 43
VII.2.1
Meteorological and climatic features (including the monthly-seasonal-yearly
distributions of the information taken place under the topics of general and local
climatic conditions of the region, temperature-rain-humidity distributions, evaporation
condition, numbered days, wind distribution etc. .......................................................43
II
VII.2.2
Geological properties (study of the geologic structure under the topics of
physical-chemical properties of tectonic movements, mineral resources, landslide,
unique formations, avalanche, flood, rock fall, 1/25000 scale general geologic map of
the project area and 1/1000 and/or 1/5000 geologic map belonging to the study area
and its legend, stratigraphic cross-section) ...............................................................60
VII.2.3
Hydro geological characters and extracting (suction) value of underground
water sources with well safety, underground water levels, presently available caisson,
deep artesian well; physical and chemical specifications of water, present and
planned usage of present and planned underground water; their distances and flow
rates thereof. ............................................................................................................70
VII.2.4
Hydrological Properties and Surface water Sources (physical, chemical,
bacteriological and ecological specifications of lakes, fishpond, stream and other
watery areas from surface water sources, within this scope, flow rates of rivers and
seasonal variances, floods, water collecting basin, drainage, bank eco system of all
water sources, their distances and flow rates to the activity area) .............................72
VII.2.5
At the production of Present and Planned Usage of surface water sources
(Drinking, usage, irrigation water, power production, dam, lake, pond, water products
production, product range and production amounts, for the purpose of water way
transportation facilities, Tourism, sport and similar purpose, water and / or bank
usages, other usages) ..............................................................................................77
VII.2.6
The living species in the lake and watercourses (natural characteristics of
these species, species taken under protection with national and international
legislation; reproduction, feeding, sheltering and living environments of these; the
decisions for protection made related to these environments)...................................79
VII.2.7
Thermal and geothermal water resources .................................................80
VII.2.8
Soil characteristics and use (soil structure, classification of land usability,
transport capacity, hillside stability, lubricity, erosion, use for earthworks, pasture,
meadow, etc. used as the natural vegetation) ...........................................................80
VII.2.9
Agricultural areas (agricultural development project areas, special crop
plantation areas), size of the watered and dry agriculture areas, crop patterns and
annual production amounts of these) ........................................................................84
VII.2.10 Forest areas (types and quantities of trees, amount of the land covered and
closeness of the land, the existing or planned protection for these and/or purposes for
use), the Stand Structure Map in 1/25.000 scale, if outside the forest area, entry of
the distance to the closest forest area from the project area, ....................................87
VII.2.11 Protection areas (National Parks, Nature Parks, Wetlands (determining the
protection band for the watercourse related to the Kızılırmak River and making the
related assessments), Nature Monuments, Nature Protection Areas, Wildlife
Protection Areas, Biogeetic Reserve Areas, Biosphere Reserves, Natural Sit and
Monuments, Historical and Cultural Sits, Special Environmental Protection Areas,
Tourism Areas and Centers, areas under the coverage of the Pastures Law) ...........88
III
VII.2.12 Flora and Fauna (species, particularly the local endemic species, animal
species living in the area naturally, species taken under protection according to
national and international legislation (Bern Treaty ANNEX-I and ANNEX-II), rare
species and those under the risk of extinction and their habitats, names, populations
of the hunted animals and the decisions of the Central Hunting Committee related to
these animals), showing the vegetation types in the project area on a map. The
measures to be taken required for the living beings that will be affected from the
project and works (in the construction and operation stages). Performing the
vegetation studies in the field in the period of vegetation and stating this period,
furthermore, using the data from the current sources (2010-2011 data) of the Data
Services of Plants in Turkey (TUBİVES) in the literature studies on the flora,
Indicating the species found in the field, species found in the questionnaires and
interviews, and the species taken from the literature separately, information related to
the Sea Ecosystem (indicating the points for drawing and discharging water, quality of
the cooling water to be discharged to the recipient environment and its effects on the
marine ecosystem) ...................................................................................................96
VII.2.13 Mines and Fossil Fuel Resources (amounts of reservoirs, current and
planned operational conditions, yearly production and its significance for national or
local usage and economic values) ..........................................................................112
VII.2.14 Animal Husbandry (types, grazing fields, yearly production amounts,
significance and value of these products for national economy) ..............................113
VII.2.15 Areas which are under the rule and at the disposal of the authorized
governmental bodies (Military Restricted Zones, areas assigned to governmental
institutions and organizations for certain purposes, etc.) .........................................116
VII.2.16 Determining the area of influence of the facility by performing a modeling
study taking present weather quality and sensibility of the area into consideration, 116
VII.2.17 Other features .........................................................................................124
VII.3.
Characteristics of Socio-Economic Environment.............................................. 124
VII.3.1
Economic Characteristics (main sectors forming the economic structure of
the region, place and importance in the region and country economy, other
information).............................................................................................................124
VII.3.2
Population (urban and rural population in the area; migrations, population
increase ratios, other information) ...........................................................................126
VII.3.3
Social Infrastructure Services in the Region (Education, health, endemic
diseases in the region, cultural services and availability of these services) .............128
VII.3.4
Urban and Rural Land Usage in the Immediate Vicinity of the Project Area
130
VII.3.5
Income and Unemployment (Distribution of the income to the lines of
business, maximum, minimum and average income per capita in respect of lines of
business) 131
VII.3.6
Other Characteristics ..............................................................................132
IV
SECTION VIII. EFFECTS OF THE PROJECT ON THE AREA DEFINED IN
SECTION IV, AND THE MEASURES TO BE TAKEN (In this section, the effects of
the project on the physical and biological environment, the legal, administrative
and technical measures to be taken in order to prevent these effects, to
minimize and to improve them are explained in detail under VIII.1 and VIII.2.
headings).
133
VIII.1.
Site Preparation, Activities at the Stages of Construction and Installation,
Effects on the Physical and Biologic Environment, and Measures to be Taken .............. 133
VIII.1.1 Site Preparation, and the amounts and locations of excavations to be made
within the scope of the construction of the units; how and where the excavation
residues such as stones, sands etc. are to be transported, and for which purposes
are to be used; materials, tools and equipments to be used; dust emitting mechanical
procedures such as crushing, grinding, transport and storage, and measures to be
taken against dust spread. ......................................................................................133
VIII.1.2 Transport and Storage of Explosive, Inflammable, Dangerous and Toxic
Materials to be used during Site Preparation and also during the Construction of the
Units; For Which Procedures to Use them, and the Tools and Machines to be used
for these Procedures ..............................................................................................147
VIII.1.3 Works to be implemented for ground safety (bearing strength, allowable
stress, settlement calculations) ...............................................................................147
Seismicity ................................................................................................148
VIII.1.4 Seismicity ................................................................................................148
VIII.1.5 Natural Disaster Status, and precautions to be taken against block fall,
landslide, and floods ...............................................................................................151
VIII.1.6 Where and how flood prevention and drainage works will be made ........151
Water supply study and plan within the scope of the project, where the
water will be supplied, amount of water to be obtained from the possible resources
and amounts of these waters for usage purposes, their properties, where and how
they will be supplied, amount and properties of the wastewater to be generated, how
it will be treated and where it will be discharges, measures to be taken in this respect
(preparation of a water management plan concerning drinking and service water,
explanation on what to do in case of shortage of water supply). .............................152
VIII.1.7 152
VIII.1.8 How much water will be used for project units and for which processes; the
quantities of water for drinking and service usage, for dust elimination; where and
how it will be supplied; preliminary treatments to be applied to the water (including
treatment units and the units where it is added as mixing – feeding water); water
preparation main diagram; water vapor cycle, process flowchart, water internal
procedures to be applied in the cycle; the chemicals to be used or the name of the
internal procedure method, .....................................................................................155
VIII.1.9 Materials to be used in cooling water and discharge structures within the
project scope, precautions to be taken during the construction of the structures
related with cooling water. ......................................................................................156
VIII.1.10 Required for the Natural Gas Pipeline .....................................................157
VIII.1.11 Types and quantities of the solid wastes to be generated as a result of the
works to be executed until the commissioning the units from the land preparation
(undertaking that it will not disposed to the creek beds), where these wastes are to be
disposed of or for what purpose they will be used. ..................................................159
VIII.1.12 Types of the fuels to be used in all works from the land preparation until the
commissioning of the units; consumption amounts, emissions to be generated (how it
V
will spread under meteorological conditions, ground level concentration amounts
occurring as a result of spread). ..............................................................................164
VIII.1.13 Sources and level of vibration and noise generated due the works to be
executed from the land preparation until commissioning of the units; their cumulative
values; preparation of the acoustic report on the basis of the Acoustic Format
available at the address of www.cevreorman.gov.tr pursuant to “Regulations on
Assessment and Management of the Environmental Noise”. ..................................166
VIII.1.14 Size of the agricultural lands that will be disposed for the land preparation
and construction camp, land usage capabilities of these lands, and their crop types
170
VIII.1.15 Types and numbers of the trees to be cut down tress during land
preparation and for the construction camp; the precautions to be taken against forest
fires.
170
VIII.1.16 Possible effects of the terrestrial and aquatic flora/fauna, and measures to
be taken (including cooling water supply lines). ......................................................171
VIII.1.17 Determination of the intensity and spread effects on the underground and
over-ground culture and natural assets in and close surroundings of the project
(effects on the traditional urban tissue, archeological remnants, and on the natural
values to be protected). ..........................................................................................172
VIII.1.18 How the personnel to be employed in the works to be executed from the
land preparation until the commissioning of the units, and how and from where the
housing and other technical / social infrastructure needs will be provided. ..............173
VIII.1.19 Activities of the works to be carried out from the land preparation until the
commissioning of the units, those that are risky and dangerous for human health and
environment. ...........................................................................................................174
VIII.1.20 Assessment of the traffic load of all in-site and out-side transports to be
made within the scope of the project on and its effects. ..........................................175
VIII.1.21 Land arrangement works to be carried out for creating landscape items in
the project site and for other purposes. ...................................................................177
VIII.1.22 Other Activities ........................................................................................177
VIII.2.
Activities of the Project during the Operation, Effects on Physical and
Biological Environment and the Precautions Required ................................................... 177
VIII.2.1 Characteristics of the units in context of the project, allocation of the
activities over the units, their capacities, detailed process flow diagrams of each unit,
basic process parameters, explanation of the process, services to be provided for
each activity units, characteristics and amount of the machinery, vehicles, tools and
equipments to be used............................................................................................177
VIII.2.2 Materials and/or services to be produced in the project units, amounts of
the final and side products, marketing distributions, offering the services to where,
how, which population and/or area..........................................................................189
VIII.2.3 Use and amount of water to be used in units of the project, water for which
processes, how and where the water will be supplied from, how the water will be
delivered to which media (detailed explanation of removal of waste water from
houses and processes), the pre-treatment applied to the water (including the
treatment units and the units to be added as admixture- feeding water), water
preparation main flow diagram, cycle of water vapour, internal water processes to be
applied in process flow diagram, the chemicals to be used .....................................190
VIII.2.4 Information related to the cooling (main and auxiliary cooling water) system,
flow diagram of the cooling water, chemicals to be used, or the name of the internal
process and the related amounts, the environment where the cooling water will be
VI
discharged, the effects to the environment and the precautions to be taken, the
method used in modelling, description of the model, addition of the analysis of the
existing water to the report, determination of the difference of the intake and exit
temperature of the cooling water with respect to the months...................................206
VIII.2.5 How the main and auxiliary fuel to be used during the project will be
provided 208
VIII.2.6 Burning of main fuel and auxiliary fuel to be used under the scope of the
project at which units and in what quantities burning systems to be used,
specifications of fuel, nominal calorific power, emissions, reducing measures and
their efficiency, instruments to be used for measurements and systems (systems to
be set up for instant-online-measuring and assessment of flue gas emissions,
operations to be carried out for measurement of the existing air quality), the method
used in the modeling system, description of the model, meteorological data to be
used in the model (precipitation, wind, atmospheric stability/resolution, height of
mixture, etc.), model inputs, results of model considering also worst-case scenario,
indication of outputs obtained as the result of modeling on the land usage map,
examination of effects of emissions to reach at Irmak District Urban Transformation
Area located at north of the project area, Yahşihan District Center and Hacıbalı
Village under the scope of meteorological data (predominant wind, etc.). ...............209
VIII.2.6.1. IMPACTS ON CLIMATE ....................................................................270
VIII.2.6.2. CLIMATE ADAPTATION ...................................................................271
VIII.2.7 Drainage system of project, quantity of catchments water, to which
receiving environment it shall be discharged...........................................................272
VIII.2.8 Quantity and feature of other solid wastes to be generated during activity of
the plant, storage/piling, disposal processes, where and how these wastes shall be
transported to or which purposes they shall be recycled for, changes they make in
receiving environments ...........................................................................................272
VIII.2.9 Vibration to be generated within the scope of the project, noise sources and
levels, preparation of acoustic report according to Directive on Evaluation and
Management
of
Environmental
Noise,
(taking
Acoustic
Format
in
www.cevreorman.gov.tr address as a basis) ...........................................................276
VIII.2.10 Quantity and features of radioactive wastes, potential and residual effects
and suggested precautions .....................................................................................279
VIII.2.11 Dangerous, toxic, inflammable substances and explosives to be used in
project units during production, their transportation and storage, usage purposes,
potential dangers during their usage and measures to be taken .............................280
VIII.2.12 Possible impacts on hydrophilic and terrestrial flora/fauna and measures to
be taken 281
VIII.2.13 Impacts of project on agricultural products and soil acidification, methods
used for estimation of soil acidification and measures to be taken ..........................282
VIII.2.14 Impacts on ground and surface waters and measures to be taken ..........285
VIII.2.15 The evaluation of the cumulative effect by considering the current pollution
load (air, water, earth) of the region ........................................................................285
VIII.2.16 From where and how will the houses and the other technical/social
infrastructure requirements of the staff and their dependents who will work during the
activity of the facility be met ....................................................................................288
VIII.2.17 The risky and dangerous activities for the human health and the
environment, among the activities in the operational phase of the project ...............288
VIII.2.18 In how much area and how the area organizations will be established in
order to create landscape elements in the project area or for other purposes
VII
(afforestation, green area organizations etc.), the types of vegetation and trees for
those etc. 289
VIII.2.19 Proposed distance for health protection band .........................................289
VIII.2.20 The Efficiency of the Thermal Power plant, how will the waste heat be
utilized. How will the heat to be given to the atmosphere due to energy loss (due to
the energy loss arising from not being able to transform all of the fuel to energy) affect
the meteorological conditions (relative humidity, temperature, pressure etc.)? and the
precautions to be taken...........................................................................................290
VIII.2.21 Other Activities ........................................................................................290
VIII.3.
The Effects of the Project on the Socio-Economic Environment ...................... 291
VIII.3.1 The income increases expected with the project; the employment
possibilities to be created, population movements, immigration, training, health,
culture, other social and technical infrastructure services and the changes in the
utilization conditions of those services etc...............................................................291
VIII.3.2 Environmental Benefit-Cost Analysis ......................................................291
VIII.3.3 The evaluation of the social effects in connection with the realization of the
project 293
SECTION IX. THE EFFECTS WHICH MAY OCCUR AND CONTINUE AFTER THE
OPERATIONS OF THE FACILITY ARE CLOSED AND THE PRECAUTIONS TO BE
TAKEN AGAINST THOSE EFFECTS ................................................................................294
IX.1.
Land Improvement and Reclamation Works .................................................... 294
IX.2.
The Effects on the Underground and Over Ground Water Resources ............. 294
IX.3.
Air Emissions Which may Occur ...................................................................... 294
SECTION X.
THE ALTERNATIVES OF THE PROJECT ................................................295
In this section, the selection of the location, the technology (burning-cooling
system), the comparison of the precautions to be taken and of the alternatives
and the ranking of the preferences will be described.) ..................................................295
SECTION XI. THE MITIGATION AND MONITORING PROGRAM AND THE
EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN ...........................................................................................305
XI.1.
The Monitoring Program Proposed for the Construction of the Activity, the
Operation of the Activity and the Monitoring Program Proposed for the Post Operation
and the Emergency Intervention Plan ............................................................................. 305
XI.1.1
The Monitoring Program..........................................................................305
XI.2.
In Case EIA Positive Certificate is Given, Program With Respect to Execution
of Matters Involved in Fourth Paragraph of "Obligations of Institutions/Organizations
That Received Certificate of Competency" Heading in Competency Communiqué......... 322
SECTION XII. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION .........................................................................323
VIII
SECTION XIII. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY OF INFORMATION GIVEN UNDER
HEADINGS ABOVE. ..........................................................................................................329
(Explanation, as simple as possible, in a way not to include technical terms and
with simplicity that people will understand, of all works planned to be
performed at construction and operating phases of the project and all
measures set forth to be taken for environmental impacts) ..........................................329
SECTION XIV. RESULTS ..................................................................................................332
(Summary of all explanations made, a general assessment in which important
environmental impacts of project is listed and which states to what extend
success might be ensured in preventing negative environmental impacts in
case project is realized, selection between alternatives within the scope of
project and reasons for these choices)...........................................................................332
ANNEXES
IX
DIRECTORY OF TABLES
Table No
Page No
Table 1. Electricity Energy Production Amounts and Gross Energy Demand
(GWh) by the Energy Resources .......................................................................................16
Table 2. Estimated Energy Demand Amounts (GWh) .......................................................17
Table 3. Project Sites Coordinates ....................................................................................21
Table 4. Information Regarding the Closest Settlements ................................................26
Table 5. Schedule Table .....................................................................................................35
Table 6. Observed Maksimal Precipitation Values in Standart Tımes (mm) ...................46
Table 7. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010)
Observation Records Wind Blowing Numbers by Months ..............................................50
Observation Records Wind Blowing Numbers by Climates ............................................50
Observation Records Wind Speeds by Months (m/second) ............................................55
Observation Records, Wind Speeds by Climates (m/second) .........................................55
Table 11. According to Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years
(1975-2010) Observation Records Average Number of Gales and Average
Number of Strong Windy Days ..........................................................................................60
Table 12. Information on borings.......................................................................................68
Table 13. Under Ground Water Level and lithology obtained from the foundation
borings carried out .............................................................................................................68
Table 14. Standard penetration (SPT) Test Results..........................................................68
Table15. Sample Pits of Exploration Pits ..........................................................................69
Table 16. Core Samples- Single Axis Pressure Tests ......................................................69
Table 17. The Flow Rates of essential river and Areas of in Kırıkkale Province ............72
Table 18. Analysis Results of the Kızılırmak River ...........................................................76
Table 19.Kırıkkale Province Animal Drinking Water and Irrigation Ponds......................77
Table 20. Kırıkkale Province UG Irrigation Plants.............................................................78
Table 21. Kızılırmak River Fish Species ............................................................................79
Table 22: Amphibian species in the Kızılırmak River .......................................................79
Table 23: Class Distribution of the Agricultural areas in the Kırıkkale Province ...........80
Table 24:.Land use in Kırıkkale Province .........................................................................80
Table 25: Distribution of Land Use in Yahşihan Sub Province ........................................81
Table 26: Results of the Soil Analysis in the Project Area and Surroundings ...............84
Table 27: Proportions of Watered and Non-watered Agriculture ....................................86
X
Table 28: Annual Production Amounts of the Agricultural Products in Yahşihan
Sub Province 86
Table 29: Distribution of Forest in the Kırıkkale Province in 2006 according to
Operation Figures ...............................................................................................................87
Table 30: Species of the Flora ...........................................................................................99
Table 31: Distribution in Turkey of the endemic species found in the project
area
102
Table 32. Fauna Tablesu/ Kuşlar (Aves) ..........................................................................105
Table 33. Fauna Tablesu/ Memeliler (Mamalia) ...............................................................106
Table 34: Fauna Table/ Reptiles .......................................................................................107
Table 35: Fauna Table/ Amphibians ................................................................................107
Table-36 Information related to the mineral resources in the City of Kırıkkale ............112
Table-37 Information related to the Quarries in the City of Kırıkkale ............................112
Table-38 Animal Population in the City of Kırıkkale .......................................................114
Table-39 Production of Animal Products – Amount of Animal Products in 2009
(in Tones)
114
Table-40 Freshwater Products by Species (2009) ..........................................................114
Table 41 the Number of Beehives and Honey and Beeswax Production in
Kırıkkale in 2009................................................................................................................115
Table 42 the number of the animals present in the county of Yahşihan (2010)............115
Table 43 Amounts of the Products Obtained from Animals ..........................................115
Table 44 the Scales of the Enterprises per Animal.........................................................115
Table 45. Air Quality Sampling Points .............................................................................122
Table 47. Socio-economic development order of the Yahşihan District and
Kırıkkale Central District ..................................................................................................126
Table 48. City and Village Population Data by Years of Kırıkkale Province ..................127
Table 49. Yahşihan District Province/District Central and Town/Village
Population Data by Years .................................................................................................128
Table 50. Distribution of the School ................................................................................128
Table 51. Hospitals and their Capacities located in Kırıkkale Province ........................129
Table 52. Kırıkkale Province Land Ownership ................................................................130
Table 53. Kırıkkale Province Unemployed persons Distribution (2006) ........................132
Table 54. Quantities of the Excavation / Materials to Be Processed during the
Construction Phase within the Scope of the Project .....................................................135
Table 55. Amounts of Dust Emissions to be Generated during the Construction
Phase 136
Table 56. Expected Dust Emissions During Transporting Excavated Soil During
Construction Phase ..........................................................................................................137
XI
Table 57 Results and Assessment of Suspended Particulate Matter and
Precipitated Dust Distribution .........................................................................................137
Table 58. Water Pollution Control Regulation- Table 21.1: Sector: Domestic
Wastewaters* (Class 1: Pollution Load as Raw BOD Being between 5-120
Kg/Day, Population = 84 - 2000) .......................................................................................153
Table 59. Construction Period Solid Waste Pivottable...................................................160
Table 60. Equipments to be used during Construction Stage .......................................164
Table 61. Emission Factors of Diesel Vehicles (kg/ton-fuel)..........................................165
Table 62. Mass Flow Values of the Pollutants (kg/h) ......................................................165
Table 63. Measurements of Background Noise Level (dBA) .........................................167
Table 64. Environmental Noise Limit Values for Temporary construction camp
(RAMEN, Annex-VII, Table 5) ............................................................................................168
Table 65. Culture Assets Existing in Yahşihan Town .....................................................172
Table 68. Technical characteristics of a steam türbine ..................................................185
Table 69. Problems Created by the Materials Found in the Cooling Water ..................187
Table 70. The Chemicals to be used in the Cooling System ..........................................188
Table 71. Technical Characteristics of the Cooling Tower ............................................188
Table 72. Water Pollution Control Regulation – Table 20.7: Sector. Water
softening, demineralization and regeneration, actived carbon washing and
regeneration facilities. ......................................................................................................205
Table 73. Water Pollution Control Regulation – Table 9.7: Sector: Coal
Preparation and Energy Production Facilities (Industrial Cooling Waters in
Closed Cycle) 205
Table 75. Kırıkkale Region Gas Chromatograph Values ................................................210
Table 76. Regulation on the Large Combustion Plants – Emission Limit Values ........214
Table 77. The information regarding the plant Stacks and the specification of
burning gas 217
Table 78. Abac calculation inputs....................................................................................218
Table 79. Coordinates of settlement areas included in the modeling activity. .............226
Table 80. Plant Stack data and characteristics of burning gas .....................................227
Table 81. YolN Mass Flow Value Calculation ...................................................................230
Table 82. YolE Mass Flow Value Calculation ...................................................................232
Table 83. YolSE Mass Flow Value Calculation..................................................................234
Table 84. Air quality distribution modeling results (NO2) – Alternative Scenario
1 (Only Eser NGCPP) ........................................................................................................238
2 (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP) ..................................................244
XII
2 (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP)- Maximum Hourly Values
in settlement areas ...........................................................................................................249
2 (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and Roads) .....................................251
Table 88. Air Quality Distribution Modeling Results (NO2 )– Alternative Scenario
2 and Worst Case Modelling ............................................................................................261
Table 89. Air Quality Distribution modeling results (CO) – Alternative Scenario 3 ......265
Table 90. Solid Wastes originated during operation phase Summary Table ................273
Table 91. Background Noise Level Measurements (dBA) ..............................................277
Table 92. Environmental Noise Limit Values for Industrial Plants (RoEaMoEN,
Annex-VII, Table–4.) ..........................................................................................................278
Table 93. Average pH values in water-saturated soil .....................................................283
Table 94. Acidification Sensitivity Criteria of Soils ........................................................284
Table 95. The Rates of the Energy Produced in the Facilities with the Fossil
Fuels of the Member Countries of the European Union (1997)......................................297
Table 96. The Mitigation and Monitoring Program of the Land Preparation and
of the Construction Phase ...............................................................................................306
Table 97. The Mitigation and Monitoring Program of Operational Phase .....................310
XIII
DIRECTORY OF FIGURES
Figure No
Page No
Figure 1. Electricity Energy Production Amounts and Gross Energy Demand
(GWh) by the Energy Resources .......................................................................................16
Figure 2. Comparisons of the Installed Powers of the Thermal Plants (MW) .................18
Figure 3. Site Location Map ...............................................................................................20
Figure 4. Satellite Image-1 ..................................................................................................22
Figure 5. Satellite Image-2 ..................................................................................................22
Figure 6. Satellite Image-3 .................................................................................................23
Figure 7. Satellite Image -4 .................................................................................................23
Figure 8. Project Site Photos - 1 ........................................................................................24
Figure 9. Project Site Photos - 2 ........................................................................................25
Figure 10. Information Regarding the Closest Settlements .............................................27
Figure 11. Routes to be Used for the Transportation to the Project Site ........................28
Figure 12. Representative Picture of the ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle
Plant 29
Figure 13. Distribution of the Total Investment Income ...................................................32
Figure 14. Project Flow Process Chart ..............................................................................33
Figure 15. National Interconnected Connection System Planned to be
Constructed 37
Figure 16. Satellite Image Showing the Project Site and Natural Gas Pipeline ..............39
Fİgure 17. Picture Showing the Project Site and Natural Gas Pipeline Route ................40
Figure 18. Project Impact Area ..........................................................................................43
Figure 19. Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Pressure
Distribution (hPa) ................................................................................................................44
Figure 20. Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010)
Temperature Distiribution (0C) ...........................................................................................44
Figure 21. Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Terms (1975-2010)
Precipitation Distribution (mm)..........................................................................................45
Figure 22. Kırıkkale Province Precipitation Intensity – Duration – Recurrence
Curves 45
Figure 23. Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years Humidity
Distribution (%) ...................................................................................................................48
Figure 24. According to Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years
(1975-2010), Average Apparent Surface Evaporation (mm) .............................................49
Figure 25. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010)
Observation Records, Annual Total Seasonal Wind Diagrams by Wind Blowing
Numbers
51
XIV
Figure 26. Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation
Records Seasonal Wind Diagrams by Wind Blowing Numbers ......................................52
Records Monthly Wind Diagrams by Wind Blowing Numbers ........................................54
Figure 28. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010)
Observation Records, Annual Average Wind Diagrams .................................................56
Records, Seasonal Wind Diagrams by Wind Speeds (m/second) ...................................57
Fignure 30. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010)
Observation Records, Monthly Wind Diagrams (m/second) ............................................58
(1975-2010) Observation Records Annual Average Wind Speed Distribution
(m/second)
59
(1975-2010) Observation Records Wind Speed Distribution (m/second) ........................59
Figure 33: Stratigraphic colon cross-section related to the Power Plant area and
it surroundings ...................................................................................................................62
Figure 34:
Superficial water sources around the Project Area
(www.cevreorman.gov.tr ) ..................................................................................................74
Figure 35: Sampling Point of Water sample......................................................................75
Figure 36: Distribution of the land use in Kırıkkale Province ..........................................81
Figure 37: Distribution of Land Use in Yahşihan Sub Province ......................................81
Figure 38: Land Asset Map ................................................................................................82
Figure 39: Soil sampling points .........................................................................................83
Figure 40: Distribution of Agricultural Products in Kırıkkale Province ...........................85
Figure 41. Distribution of Fruit Products of Kırıkkale Province .......................................85
Figure 42: Squaring System of Davis ................................................................................96
Figure 43: Phyto-geographical Region Map of Turkey .....................................................97
Figure 44: Vegetation Map of Turkey.................................................................................98
Figure-45 Map of Forbidden Zones for Hunting .............................................................109
Figure 46. 2009-2010 Monthly Average SO2 Emission Data of Kırıkkale City
(µg/m3) 118
Figure 47. 2009-2010 Monthly Average 24 Hour SO2 Emission Data of Kırıkkale
City (µg/m3)
118
Figure 48. 2009-2010 Monthly Average PM Emission Data of Kırıkkale Air
Quality Monitoring Station ( µg/m3) .................................................................................119
Figure 49. 2009-2010 Monthly 24-hour Average PM Emission Data of Kırıkkale
Air Quality Monitoring Station ( µg/m3) ...........................................................................120
Figure 50. Air Quality Sampling Points Map ...................................................................122
Figure 51. Pictures of the Air Quality Sampling Points ..................................................123
XV
Figure 52. Organized Industrial Zone and Project Area Satellite Image .......................125
Figure 53. City and Village Population Data of Kırıkkale Province by Years ................127
Figure 54. Employment Sectors According to the Kırıkkale Province Population .......131
Figure 55. On the Topographical Map: Under Uncontrolled Conditions for 24
Hours 138
1st Maximum Concrentations of Suspended Particulate Matter on Distance
Basis 138
Figure 56. On the Topographical Map: Under Uncontrolled Conditions for 24
Hours 139
1st Maximum Values of Participated Dust on Distance Basis .......................................139
Figure 57. On the Topographical Map: Under Uncontrolled Conditions Annual ..........140
Maximum Concrentations of Suspended Particulate Matter on Distance Basis ..........140
Figure 58. On the Topographical Map: Under Uncontrolled Conditions Annual ..........141
Maximum Values of Participated Dust on Distance Basis .............................................141
Figure 59. On the Topographical Map: Under Controlled Conditions for 24
Hours 142
1st Maximum Concrentations of Suspended Particulate Matter on Distance
Basis 142
Figure 60. On the Topographical Map: Under Controlled Conditions for 24
Hours 143
1st Maximum Values of Participated Dust on Distance Basis .......................................143
Figure 61. On the Topographical Map: Under Controlled Conditions Annual ..............144
Maximum Concrentations of Suspended Particulate Matter on Distance Basis ..........144
Figure 62. On the Topographical Map: Under Controlled Conditions Annual ..............145
Maximum Concrentations of Precipitated Dust on Distance Basis...............................145
Figure 63. Seismic Map of Turkey ...................................................................................149
Figure 64. Kırıkkale province seismic map .....................................................................150
Figure 65. Settling Pond ...................................................................................................154
Figure 66. Satellite View showing the Natural Gas Pipeline Route and Project
Site
158
Figure 67. Picture Showing Project Site and Natural Gas Pipeline Route .....................159
Figure 68. Measurement Points of Background Noise Level .........................................167
Figure 69. Noise Map (Land Preparation and Construction Phase) ..............................169
Figure 70. Project Site, and Its Location According to Main Intercity Highways .........176
Figure 71. Process Flow Diagram ....................................................................................179
Figure 72. A Typical Gas Turbine and its Equipments ...................................................181
Figure 73. General Cross Section of Cylindirical Burning Chamber and Gas
Turbine182
XVI
Figure 74. A typical steam turbine and its equipments ..................................................185
Figure 75. Example of Section Clarifier Tank.................................................................197
Figure76. The sample of Ultrafiltration System ..............................................................197
Figure 77. The sample of Reverse Osmosis System ......................................................199
Figure 78. Typical Flow Diagram of Package Watewater Treatment Systems..............201
Figure 79. Coagulation-Flocculation System ..................................................................202
Figure 81. Sluge Dewatering Unit ....................................................................................204
Figure 82. Scheme Showing the Typical Water Losses in a Cooling Tower .................207
Figure 83. Schematic View of the DLN Combustion Chamber ......................................213
Figure 84. Abac calculation..............................................................................................218
Figure 74. Diagram to determine the J value ..................................................................219
Figure 86. Project impact area .........................................................................................224
Figure 87. Modeling Receptor Points (Grid and divded receptors) ...............................225
Figure 88. Setelitte Image-1..............................................................................................228
Figure 89 . Traffic Volume Map of Highways and State Road (2010).............................229
Figure 90. On the land use map: 1st alternative (Only Eser NGCPP) for 24 hours,
1st highest concentrations (NO2) ....................................................................................239
Figure 91. On the topographic map: 1st alternative (Only Eser NGCPP) for 24
hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2) ........................................................................240
Figure 92. On the land use map: 1st alternative (Only Eser NGCPP) yearly
highest concentrations (NO2) ..........................................................................................241
Figure 93. On the topographic map: 1st alternative (Only Eser NGCPP) yearly
highest concentrations (NO2) ..........................................................................................242
Figure 94. On the land use map: 2nd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and
Kırıkkale NGCCPP) for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2).............................245
Figure 95. On the topographic map: 2nd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP
and Kırıkkale NGCCPP) for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2) .....................246
Figure 96. On the land use map: 2nd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and
Kırıkkale NGCCPP) yearly highest concentrations (NO2) ..............................................247
Figure 97. On the topographic map: 2nd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP
and Kırıkkale NGCCPP) yearly highest concentrations (NO2).......................................248
Figure 98. On the land use map: 3rd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP,
Kırıkkale NGCCPP and Roads) for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2)..........252
Figure 99. On the topographic map: 3rd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP,
Kırıkkale NGCCPP and roads) for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2) ...........253
Figure 100. On the land use map: 3rd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP,
Kırıkkale NGCCPP and roads) yearly highest concentrations (NO2) ............................254
Figure 101. On the topographic map: 3rd alternative (Cumulative: Eser
NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and Roads) yearly highest concentrations (NO2) ..........255
XVII
Figure 102. On the land use map: Only Originating From Traffic for 24 hours,
1st highest concentrations (NO2) ....................................................................................256
Figure 103. On the topographic map: Only Originating From Traffic for 24
hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2) ........................................................................257
Figure 104. On the land use map: Only Originating From Traffic yearly highest
concentrations (NO2) ........................................................................................................258
Figure 105. On the topographic map: Only Originating From Traffic yearly
highest concentrations (NO2)...........................................................................................259
Figure106. On the Land Use Map: Originating From Alternative Scenario 2 and
Worst Case Modelling 24 Hours 1st Highest Concentrations (NO2)..............................262
Figure 107. On the Topographic map: Originating From Alternative Scenario 2
and Worst Case Modelling 24 hours, 1st Highest Concentrations (NO2) ......................263
Figure 108. On the land use map: 3rd alternative for 24 hours, 1st highest
concentrations (CO) .........................................................................................................266
Figure 109. On the topographic map: 3rd alternative for 24 hours, 1st highest
Figure 110. On the land use map: 3rd alternative yearly highest concentrations
(CO)
268
Figure 111. On the topographic map: 3rd alternative yearly highest
Kızılırmak River Flow Rate (m3/s) (2004-2008) ................................................................271
Figure 112. Background Noise Level Measurement Points ...........................................277
Figure 113. Noise Map (Operating Stage) .......................................................................279
Figure 114. The Comparison of the Coal, Petroleum, and Natural Gas Reburning Fuels 296
Figure 115. Once Through Cooling System ....................................................................299
Figure 116. Circulated Water Cooling System ................................................................300
Figure 117. The flow schema of the Dry System ............................................................301
Figure 118. Announcement Text of Public Participation Meeting and Newspaper
Announcements ................................................................................................................324
Figure 119. General View from Public Participation Meeting -1 ....................................326
Figure 120. General View from Public Participation Meeting -2 ....................................327
ANNEXES
ANNEX – 1
: Letter of TEIAS
XVIII
ANNEX – 2
: 1/25.000 Scale Topographic map & 1 / 5.000 Scale present Land Usage
map
ANNEX – 3
: EIA Review & Assessment Form and Stand map
ANNEX – 4
: 1/100.000 Scale environment plan, Plan Report and Plan Provisions
ANNEX – 5
: The Institution Comment of Kırıkkale special provincial administration
public works and Urban Rehabilitation Directorate
ANNEX – 6
: The Institution Comment of Kılıçlar Municipality as regard to the
environmental plan
ANNEX – 7
: Lay Out Plan
ANNEX – 8
: The Institution Comment of BOTAS
ANNEX – 9
: 1 / 1.000 Scaled Geology Map and its Legend / Geologic – Geotechnical
Study Report based on the Development Plan
ANNEX – 10 : The Institution Comment of 5th Regional Directorate of State Hydraulic
Works
ANNEX – 11 : Kızılırmak Water Analysis
ANNEX – 12 : Köprükale Weir and HEPP Project and ESER NGCCPP (Natural Gas
Combined Cycle Power Plant) Project Layout Plan
ANNEX – 13 : Project Site Soil Study
ANNEX – 14 : The Institution Comment of the Governor Kırıkkale National Real Estate
Management Revenue
ANNEX – 15 : The Institution Comment of MIGEM
ANNEX – 16 : NOx Analysis Results
ANNEX – 17 : Acoustic Report
ANNEX – 18 : Thermal Balance Diagram
ANNEX – 19 : Balance Diagram of Water Mass
ANNEX – 20 : Input and Raw Output Files of Air Quality Modeling Study
ANNEX – 21 : Project Flood Estimates and Map of the Dry River Beds Precipitation
Areas
ANNEX – 22 : Kırıkkale Province Directorate of Environment Annex-2 Permit
ANNEX – 23 : The General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works – Caisson Well
Comment Lettering
XIX
ESER NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT PROJECT
ENVİRONMENTAL AND SOCİAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
SECTION I. INTRODUCTION
Farcan Energy Generation Company Inc. (the Project Owner) is planning to
develop, finance, build, and operate a conventional natural gas fired Combined Cycle
Power Plant (CCPP) with an estimated installed capacity of 835 MWe near the City of
Kirikkale, Turkey. Under Turkish regulations, there is a requirement to prepare an
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for this project.
ESER Project and Engineering Company has prepared an EIA report on behalf of
the Project Owner and submitted the report to the Turkish Ministry of Environment and
Urban Planning on August 17, 2011. The submitted EIA report was prepared in
accordance with the “special format” requested by the Ministry of Environment and Urban
Planning.
The generated electricity from the plant will be connected to the Turkish National
Grid via two overhead transmission lines. Since the official corridor routes for the
overhead transmission lines associated with this project are not known yet, a separate
ESIA for the power lines will be prepared at later date and the Stakeholder Engagement
Plan (SEP) will be updated and revised accordingly.
An Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) report has now been
prepared for the CCPP which is consistent with the Turkish requirements and most
importantly the Equator Principles, including international best practice, and EBRD social
and environmental policies and Performance Requirements.
This ESIA report assesses the Project social and environmental impacts during
construction, operation and decommissioning of the Plant and proposes necessary
mitigation measures to offset and /or minimize those impacts. A Non-Technical Summary
(NTS) describing the Project and a Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) have also been
prepared for this project as per EBRD requirements including public disclosure on EBRD
website, and ESER group website.
An Environmental and Social Action Management and Monitoring Plan Plan
(ESAMP) has been prepared to describe the mitigation and monitoring measures
necessary for this project. This plan includes relevant mitigations required during
construction, operation and decommissioning to ensure compliance with both Turkish and
International standards.
This ESIA report should be read in conjunction with the related SEP, NTS and
ESAMP documents.
1
SECTION II. ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION FRAMEWORK STUDIES
Environmental Social and Impact Assessment is a highly important part of the
Project. In the ESIA process whole possible impact areas are examined and evaluated
comprehensively. Legislations followed during these examination and evaluation studies
are listed in below topics.
The following international regulations and guidance documents have been
considered during the preparation of the ESIA Report.


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i.
Equator Principles (revised, 2006)
EBRD Environmental and Social Policies and Performance Requirements (2008).
European Directives
IFC Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines On THERMAL POWER
PLANTS, Dec.19, 2008
IFC GENERAL EHS GUIDELINES, April 30, 2007
International Environment Conventions Applicable to Turkey
Turkish Standards
Equator Principles
On 4th June 2003, ten banks from seven countries signed up to the Equator
Principles (EPs), a voluntary set of guidelines for assessing and managing environmental
and social risks in project financing. Currently, over seventy major financial institutions
from around the world have adopted the EPs. These financial institutions operate in more
than 100 countries worldwide. As a result, the Equator Principles have become the
project finance industry standard for addressing environmental and social issues in project
financing globally.
At the start of 2006, the Equator Principles Financial Institutions (EPFIs)
substantially reviewed the Equator Principles and these revised principles became
effective from July 2006. These principles apply to all new projects financing that has a
total capital cost of $10 million or more across all industry sectors (the previous threshold
was $50 million).
For projects with potentially significant or limited adverse social or environmental
impacts (Category A and B respectively) the borrower must complete and disclose a
Social and Environmental Assessment (SEA), previously called an Environmental and
Social Impact Assessment (ESIA). The SEA must comprise an assessment of social and
environmental impacts including labour health and safety provision.
2
The SEA report is required to address the relevant potential impacts and risks that
may include some, or all, of the following:
a) Assessment of the baseline environmental and social conditions;
b) Consideration of feasible environmentally and socially preferable alternatives;
c) Requirements under host country laws and regulations, applicable international
treaties and agreements;
d) Protection of human rights and community health, safety and security (including
risks, impacts and management of project’s use of security personnel);
e) Protection of cultural property and heritage;
f) Protection and conservation of biodiversity, including endangered species and
sensitive ecosystems in modified, natural and critical habitats, and identification of legally
protected areas;
g) Sustainable management and use of renewable natural resources (including
sustainable resource management through appropriate independent certification
systems);
h) Use and management of dangerous substances;
i) Major hazards assessments and management;
j) Labour issues and occupational health and safety;
k) Fire prevention and life safety;
l) Socio-economic impacts;
m) Land acquisition and involuntary resettlement;
n) Impacts on affected communities, and disadvantaged or vulnerable groups;
o) Impacts on indigenous peoples, and their unique cultural system and values;
p) Cumulative impacts of existing projects, the proposed project and anticipated
future projects;
q) Consultation and participation of affected parties in the design, review and
implementation of the project;
r) Efficient production, delivery and use of energy; and
s) Pollution prevention and waste minimization, pollution controls (liquid effluents
and air emissions) and solid and chemical waste management.
The SEA (ESIA) should also include an assessment of compliance with applicable
host country laws, regulations and permits; and proposed mitigation measures relevant
and appropriate to the nature and scale of the proposed project.
The Equator Principles have been adopted by the European Bank of Reconstruction
and Development (EBRD).The EBRD has developed additional risk management tools
which not only meet those of the Equator Principles, but also exceed them to suit local
specifications.
3
ii.
EBRD Performance Requirement
The EBRD adopted its first Environmental Policy in 1991 at the initial meeting of the
Board of Directors. The scope of the Policy has evolved over time and it is now an
Environmental and Social Policy. In recent years the EBRD has developed related
Performance Requirements that were first introduced in 2008 (for details see EBRD
Environmental and Social Policy Report, 2008).
The Performance Requirements are as follows:

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




PR 1 – Environmental and Social Appraisal and Management
PR2 – Labour and Working Conditions
PR3 – Pollution Prevention and Abatement
PR4 – Community, Health and Safety
PR5 – Land Acquisition, Involuntary Resettlement and Economic Displacement
PR6 – Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Resource Management
PR7 – Indigenous Peoples
PR8 – Cultural Heritage
PR9 – Financial Intermediaries
PR10 – Information Disclosure and Stakeholder Engagement
It should be noted that PR 7 and PR9 are not applicable to this CCPP project and
Transmission lines Project.
The EBRD project classification for the CCPP and Transmission lines project is
“Category A”. This is due to the following: “Thermal power stations and other heat
combustion facilities with a heat output of > 300 MW”. In addition “construction of high
voltage overhead power lines” as required by this project is also classified as “Category
A”.
Within the context of the Performance Requirements for this Category A project, the
following documents have been prepared for EBRD for the 60 day Public Disclosure
period:




Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) (September 2011)
Non-Technical Summary (NTS) (September 2011)
Environmental and Social Action and Management and Monitoring Plan (ESAMP)
(September 2011)
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) (September 2011)
4
iii.
European Framework Directive
The objective of the EU Directives is to protect, preserve and improve the
environment for present and future generations. To achieve this it proposes policies that
ensure a high level of environmental protection in the European Union and that preserve
the quality of life.
EU makes sure that Member States correctly apply EU environmental law. In doing
so it investigates complaints made by citizens and non-governmental organizations and
can take legal action if it is deems that EU law has been infringed.
Below items are European Commission Environmental policies;

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iv.
Air
Bio-technology
Chemicals
Environmental Economics
Enlargement and Neighboring Countries
Industry and Technology
International Issues
Land Use
Nature and Biodiversity
Noise
Soil
Sustainable Development
Waste
Waste and Marine
IFC Environmental Health and Sefaty Guidelines on Thermal Power Plants
The Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines are technical reference
documents with general and industry-specific examples of Good International Industry
Practice (GIIP)1. When one or more members of the World Bank Group are involved in a
project, these EHS Guidelines are applied as required by their respective policies and
standards. These General EHS Guidelines are designed to be used together with the
relevant Industry Sector EHS Guidelines which provide guidance to users on EHS issues
in specific industrial sectors. For complex projects, use of multiple industry-sector
guidelines may be necessary.
5
The General EHS Guidelines are organized as follows:
1. Environmental
Air Emissions and Ambient Air Quality
Energy Conservation
Wastewater and Ambient Water Quality
Water Conservation
Hazardous Materials Management
Waste Management
Noise
Contaminated Land
2. Occupational Health and Safety
General Facility Design and Operation
Communication and Training
Physical Hazards
Chemical Hazards
Biological Hazards
Radiological Hazards
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Special Hazard Environments
Monitoring
3. Community Health and Safety
Water Quality and Availability
Structural Safety of Project Infrastructure
Life and Fire Safety (L&FS)
Traffic Safety
Transport of Hazardous Materials
Disease Prevention
Emergency Preparedness and Response
4. Construction and Decommissioning
Environment
Occupational Health & Safety
Community Health & Safety
Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines on thermal power plants document
includes information relevant to combustion processes fueled by gaseous, liquid and solid
fossil fuels and biomass and designed to deliver electrical or mechanical power, steam,
heat, or any combination of these, regardless of the fuel type (except for solid waste which
is covered under a separate Guideline for Waste Management Facilities), with a total
rated heat input capacity above 50 Megawatt thermal input (MWth) on Higher Heating
Value (HHV) basis.
6
v.
International Environment Conventions Applicable to Turkey
International Environment Conventions which are applicable to Turkey are listed in
below;
International Environment Conventions Turkey is a Party
 European Landscape Convention (Florence).
 Convention On The Conservation Of European Wildlife And Natural Habitats (Bern
Convention)
 Convention For the protection Of the marine environment And the Coastal region
Of the Mediterranean (Barcelona)
 Kyoto Protocol
 Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete ozone layer, 1987
 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous
Wastes and Their Disposal.
 Convention on Biological Diversity
 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary, Air Pollution
 Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl
Habitat (Ramsar)
 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
vi.
Turkish Legislation
According to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulation published in the
Official Gazette No. 26939 dated 17.07.2008, institutions, organizations and businesses are
divided into two groups according to polluting qualities. In Annex-1 EIA applicable projects
and in Annex-2 seelction elimination and criteria are listed according to this regulation.
The ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant Project is evaluated in Annex-1,
Article 2.a. Thermal power plants: thermal power of 300 MWt (megawatt thermal) and further
evaluated and other combustion systems of EIA Regulation.
Turkish Legislations which are taken into considerations in studying social and
environmental impacts of the project are listed in below;








Directive on Evaluation of Environmental Impact
Environmental Auditing Directive
Large Combustion Plant Directive
Directive on control of Industrial Air Pollution
Directive on Evaluation and Management of Air Quality
Directive on Evaluation and Management of Environmental Noise
Directive on Control of Water Pollution
Directive on Control of Solid Wastes
7










Directive on Control of Packing Wastes
Directive on Control of Excavated Soil, Construction and Debris Wastes
Directive on Control of Waste Oils
Directive on Periodic Storage of Wastes
Directive on Control of Hazardous Wastes
Directive on Control of Worn Out Tires
Directive on General Principals of Waste Management
Directive on Control of Soil Pollution and Point Sourced Polluted Sites
Prime Ministry Circular on Stream Beds and Floods No (2006/27)
Labor Law no. 4857 and bylaws and directives
And Environment Law no 2872 which entered into force by being published in the
Official Gazette dated 11.08.1983 no. 18132, Law on Groundwater no 167, Aquaculture
Law No 1380, Soil Conservation and Land Use Law No 5403, pasture Law No 4342,
Forestry Law No 6831, and directives issued with respect to these laws and relevant
legislation in force shall be abided by, and the criteria required by legal arrangements with
respect to matters such as permit, license, grant etc. necessary for the plant shall be
complied with.
8
SECTION III. ASSESSED ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
After evaluation of National and International Legislations mentioned above the most
stringent limit values are applied for the power plant Project. Each standard that is
followed during ESIA studies are given in below tables.
i.
Air Emissions Standards
Air Emissions for Gas Turbine:
Dry Gas, Excess
O2 content 15 %
Turkey1
IFC2
EU3
mg / Nm3
50
51 (25ppm)
50 (24ppm)
mg / Nm3
100
not specified
not specified
not specified
11,7
not specified
not specified
not specified
Pollutant
Unit
NOx
CO
CO2
SO2
mg / Nm
3
PM
35 (O2 cont.
3%)
1
Regulation on the Large Combustion Plants, Official Gazette dated 08.06.2010 and no 27605
2
IFC EHS Guidelines on Thermal Power Plants published Dec.19,2008
3
EU large Combustion Plants Directive 2001/80/EC Oct.23,2001
Air Emissions for Auxilary Boiler:
Pollutant
Unit
Dry Gas,
Excess O2
Content (%)
Turkey1
IFC2
EU3
NOx
mg / Nm3
3
100
240
200
CO
mg / Nm3
100
SO2
mg / Nm3
35
PM
mg / Nm3
5
CO2
1
Regulation on the Large Combustion Plants, Official Gazette dated 08.06.2010 and no 27605
2
IFC EHS Guidelines on Thermal Power Plants published Dec.19,2008
3
EU large Combustion Plants Directive 2001/80/EC Oct.23,2001
9
ii.
Water Pollution Control
Domestic Waste Water Standards
IFC (mg/l)1
Turkish Sample
2 Hours ( mg/l)2
Turkish Sample
24 Hours ( mg/l)2
COD
125
180
120
BOD
30
50
45
Total Suspended Solids
50
70
45
Oil and Grease
10
NA
NA
6 to 9
6 to 9
6 to 9
Total Nitrogen
10
NA
NA
Total Phosphorous
2
NA
NA
WATER QUALITY
pH
Total coliform bacteria
MPN(b)/100ml 400 (a)
1
IFC EHS General Guideline puplished April 30,2007
2
Water Pollution Control Regulation, Official Gazette dated 31.12.2004and no 25687
During the evaluation of industrial wastes standards, it is seen that international standards
do not assesses waste water separately bases on originated industry. Hence only Turkish Limit
Values are taken into consideration.
Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation – Table 20.7: Sector. Water softening,
demineralization and regeneration, actived carbon washing and regeneration facilities.
Composite Sample
Composite Sample
for 2 hours
for 24 hours
(mg/L)
2000
1500
Sulphate (SO4 )
(mg/L)
3000
2500
Iron (Fe)
(mg/L)
10
-
Fish biotest (ZSF)
-
10
-
pH
-
6-9
6-9
Parameter
-
Chlorure (Cl )
-2
Unit
10
Water Pollution Control Regulation – Table 9,7: Sector: Coal Preparation and Energy
Production Facilities (Industrial Cooling Waters in Closed Cycle)
iii.
Composite Sample
Composite Sample
for 2 hours
for 24 hours
(mg/L)
40
-
(mg/L)
100
-
Free Chlorure
(mg/L)
0.3
-
Total Phosphore
(mg/L)
5.0
-
Zinc (Zn)
(mg/L)
4.0
-
Parameter
Unit
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
Suspended Solids (TSS)
Noise
Turkish Standards
Regulations on Assessment and Management of the Environmental Noise (RAMEN,
Annex-VII, Table 5) (During Construction)
Activity Type (construction, demolition
and restoration)
Ldaytime (dBA)
Buildings
70
Roads
75
Other sources
70
*Turkish Standards say that: Noise impact should not result in a maximum increase in back ground levels of 5 dBA
at the nearest receptor location off-site.
Environmental Noise Limit Values for Industrial Plants (RoEaMoEN, Annex-VII, Table 4)
(During Operation)
Areas
Lday
Levening
Lnight
(dBA)
(dBA)
(dBA)
65
60
55
Areas where houses are intensive of areas where commercial
buildings and noise sensitive utilities are together
11
IFC Standards
Environmental Noise Limit Values of IFC
IFC EHS General Guideline puplished April 30,2007
One Hour LAeq (dBA)
NOISE
Environmental
Noise
Receptor
Daytime 07.0022.00
Night time
22.00-07.00
Residential, institutional,
educational
55
45
Industrial, commercial
70
70
*IFC recommends that: Noise impact should not result in a maximum increase in back ground levels of 3 dBA at the
nearest receptor location off-site.
12
SECTION IV. DEFINITION AND PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
(Subject of the Project, definition, lifetime, service aims, market or service fields of
the activity and within this field importance and requirements across the country,
region and/or province in economical and social terms)
Definition, Lifetime and Service Purposes of the Project
Within the scope of the project, the ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power
Plant, having an installed power of 835 MWe, is planned to be operated by Farcan Energy
Generation Co. Inc. on a land of approximately 227.000 square meters on plot 103, parcel
6 situated within the boundaries of Kiliclar Municipality of Yahsihan District in Kırıkkale
Province.
Necessary applications have already been filed to the Energy Market Regulatory
Authority (EMRA) in order to obtain the Licenses to establish a Natural Gas Power Plant
and to Produce Electricity within the scope of the project.
The anticipated electrical output power of the project is an installed power of 835
MWe in plant referanced site conditions and it is planned to produce 6.262 GWh of energy
annually. The mechanical output power of the plant has been calculated as 835 MWe x
1.02 = 851.7 MWm considering the amount 2% more than the electrical output power. The
heat power has been calculated by taking the minimum yield value as 37.23% as the
turbine simple cycle yield. Two gas turbines have been anticipated within the project
scope and power of each turbine is 270.7 MW. According to this, the approximate thermal
output power is calculated as (270.7x2)/0.3723 =1,454.2 MWt. According to ISO standard
the turbine output power of the project is determined as 907 MWe, 907 MWe x 1.02 =
925.14 MWm, 1.578 MWt. Combine Cycle Plant’s yield is around 58.5% in the referanced
site conditions.
Moreover, relatedly to the project with the aim of carry out the construction works, a
ready-mixed concrete plant with a capacity of 100 m3/hour is foreseen within the scope of
the project to be used at the construction phase. The aggregate material which is required
for production of the mentioned ready-mixed concrete shall be purchased from the market
as pre-prepared. The ready-mixed concrete plant shall be shut down following completion
of the construction phase, after being utilised during the course of construction.
The project in question has been evaluated within the scope of following annexes of
the Regulation on the Environmental Impact Assessment which became effective upon
being published in the Official Journal dated 17.07.2008 and numbered 26939:
13
- ANNEX-1,Clause 2. a. Thermal power plants: Thermal power plants and other
combustion systems with a total thermal power of 300 MWt (Megawatt thermal) or
more,
- ANNEX-2,Clause 19. Ready-Mixed Concrete Plants, plants which has a production
capacity 100 m3/h and over, which produces structured materials by means of
compression, impact, shaking or vibration by using cement or other binding
substances, plants which produce pre-stressed concrete elements, gas concrete,
precast concrete panels and similar products.
In addition to all these, it is stated in Clause 25 of the same regulation that “In the
event that an integrated project consisting of more than one project subject to this
regulation is planned, the Ministry shall require that a single Environmental Impact
Assessment Report be prepared for the integrated project”. As per the Clause 25 of the
Regulation, “ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant and Ready-Mixed Concrete
Plant” have been considered as an Integrated Project and the Environmental Impact
Assessment Report has been prepared accordingly.
The construction works of the units are planned to last approximately for 18 months
within the scope of activity subject to the project and procedures such as the assembly of
the equipments which are the another part of the construction works, are planned to be
finalized within approximately 12 months and in accordance with this total construction
period has been foreseen as 30 months.
The Ready-Mixed Concrete Plant to be used at the construction phase of the project
shall be constructed within the site. The Ready-Mixed Concrete Plant shall be utilized
during the construction and closed after the construction works are finalized.
The project shall be transferred to the state as per the related legislations at the end
of 49 years which is the period for Energy Production License or production shall be
continued by renewing the production license.
In order for the electricity produced by the Plant to be transmitted to the National
Interconnected System, a 380 KV energy transmission line is required to be constructed.
The electricity energy to be produced within the project shall be transmitted to the
system in the switchyard to be constructed by the electricity energy plant. The necessary
applications have been issued to Turkish Electricity Transmission Company (TEIAS) for
the construction of the 380-kV Energy Transmission Line (ETL) and the connection. The
opinion letter of TEIAS is enclosed (See Annex-1).
Planned energy transmission lines, first part is 380 kV 2x3 bundle 1272 MCM, about
25 km and the second part is 3 bundle 1272 MCM, about 30 km are started from Eser
Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant Switcyard connected to the Kayas Substation
and finally connected to the existing Golbası Substation.
Kayas Substation is at the planning stage and TEIAS is in charge of the construction
of the said transmission station.
Another connection point shall be Kirikkale Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant. The
connection to this point shall be made by means of the 3-budle, 8-km ETL with a voltage
of 380 kV and conductivity of 1272 MCM.
14
The facility installed power shall be estimated 783.4 MW in the application to TEİAŞ
under the feasibility studies. However, facilitiy installed power was calculated 835 MWe
after optimization of the installed power and efficiency studies. Regarding the receiving
License from EPDK, the necessary application will be submitted to TEIAS and EIA
process shall be commenced with the necessary application to the Ministry of
Environment and Urban for the planning Energy Transmission Lines which is planned in
the scope of the project.
Necessary applications have already been filed to the Energy Market Regulatory
Authority (EMRA) in order to obtain the Licenses to establish a Natural Gas Power Plant
and to Produce Electricity within the scope of the project. Required applications shall be
submitted to EMRA for the issuing of the Energy Generation License following the
finalization of EIA Process.
Market or Service Fields of the Activity Subject to the Project and Within This Field
Importance and Requirements across the Country, Region and/or Province In
Economical and Social Terms
The total installed power of the project is 835 MW and 6.262 GWh of energy is
planned to be produced annually.
The electricity energy planned to be produced within the scope of the project, which
is aimed for public interest, shall be transmitted to the national integrated system and
contribute to the energy production.
In order for the electricity produced by the Plant to be transmitted to the National
Interconnected System, a 380 KV energy transmission line is required to be constructed.
applications have been issued to Turkish Electricity Transmission Company (TEIAS) for
the construction of the 380-kV Energy Transmission Line (ETL) and the connection. The
opinion letter of TEIAS is enclosed (See Annex-1).
Having 2x3 bundle 1272 MCM conductor of approximately 25 km long, and having 3
bundle 1272 MCM conductor of about 30 km long planned ETL of 380 kV voltage shall
start from switchyard that shall be installed near Eser Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant
and shall be connected to Kayaş Substation which is included in TEİAŞ investment plan
and subsequently shall be connected to existing Gölbaşı Substation.
Kayaş Substation is at planning stage at the moment, construction of subject
transformation station is under obligation of TEİAŞ.
Another connection point shall be Kırıkkale Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant. It
shall be connected to this point with an ETL of 380 kV voltage, 1272 MCM conductor 3
bundle and approximately 8 km long.
When the data regarding the electricity energy production amounts by Turkish
energy resources is considered, an increase in the electricity energy demand and the
15
electricity energy production has been seen on a regular basis until 2009. The detailed
data by years are given in the Table 1 and Figure 1 below.
Table 1. Electricity Energy Production Amounts and Gross Energy Demand (GWh) by the Energy Resources
Years
Energy Resources
Thermal Total
Hydraulic+Geothermal+Wind Total
2005
39,561
153
2006
2007
2008
2009
131,835 155,196 164,139 156,923
44,465
36,362
34,279
37,890
Turkey Total
161,956 176,300 191,558 198,418 194,813
Gross Demand
160,794 174,637 190,000 198,085 194,079
(Resource: TEIAS Statistics)
Gross Demand
Turkey Total
Thermal Total
Hydraulic + Jeotermal+ Wind
Total
Figure 1. Electricity Energy Production Amounts and Gross Energy Demand (GWh) by the Energy Resources
Within the scope of the Capacity Projection studies carried out by the General
Directorate of Turkish Electricity Transmission Line Co. Inc., predictions have been made
regarding the energy demand amounts expected in Turkey between the years 2010 and
2019 and highest and lowest demand statuses obtained as a result of the study are given
in the Table 2 below.
16
Table 2. Estimated Energy Demand Amounts (GWh)
Low Demand
YEAR
GWh
Increase
(%)
High Demand
GWh
Increase
(%)
2010
209.000
7,7
209.000
7,7
2011
219.478
5,0
219.478
5,0
2012
234.183
6,7
235.939
7,5
2013
249.873
6,7
253.634
7,5
2014
266.615
6,7
272.657
7,5
2015
284.478
6,7
293.106
7,5
2016
303.254
6,6
314.796
7,4
2017
323.268
6,6
338.091
7,4
2018
344.604
6,6
363.110
7,4
2019
367.348
6,6
389.980
7,4
(Kaynak: TEIAS Capacity Projection)
When the distribution of the energy produced in Turkey is considered in terms of
installed power, it is seen that 65% is provided by the Thermal Power Plants.
MW
%
Thermal Total
29339,1
65,5
Hyraulic Total
14553,3
32,5
77,2
0,2
791,6
1,8
44761,2
100,0
Jeothermal Total
Wind Total
General Total
When we consider the distribution of Thermal Energy in terms of installed power, it is
seen that 40% is provided by the Natural Gas.
Primary Energy Resource
MW
%
Hard Coal
2391,0
8,15
Lignite
8199,3
27,95
Fuel-Oil
1651,2
5,63
Diesel
26,5
0,09
Naphta
21,4
0,07
11825,6
40,31
86,5
0,29
SOLID+LIQUID
171,4
0,58
N.GAS+LIQUID
4721,9
16,09
244,3
0,83
29339,1
100,00
Natural Gas
Renewable+Waste
N.GAS+LIQUID +SOLID
THERMAL TOTAL
17
As can be seen from the table above, the thermal power plants have an important
place in terms of providing the energy demand.
In addition to the fact that the natural gas is the energy resource with the lowest
primary investment cost compared to other energy resources, it is also seen as a clean
energy resource.
12000.0
10000.0
8000.0
6000.0
4000.0
Gas+Liquid+Solid
Natural
Natural Gas+Liquid
Solid + Liquid
Natural Gas
Naphta
Diesel
Fuel Oil
Lignite
Hard Coal
0.0
Renewable+Waste
2000.0
Figure 2. Comparisons of the Installed Powers of the Thermal Plants (MW)
In accordance with the developing technology and the requirements and expectations
of the humans, an average of annual 5-8% of increase in the electricity energy demand is
expected in Turkey. In order to meet the demand in question, the electricity production in
Turkey has an important place. The project in question is aimed for the public interest and
shall contribute to meet the electricity energy demand in Turkey.
18
SECTION V. LOCATION OF THE PROJECT PLACE
V.1. Project Location (1/50.000 or 1/100.000 scaled Environment Plant, which is
verified by the relevant Governorship or Municipality and which includes the
legend and plan notes of the activity field, verification date and stamp of exact
copy of the original and in which the project site is marked, 1/5.000 scaled
Approved Land Use Plan and 1/100.000 scaled Approved Application
Construction Plan (With Plan Notes and Legends on otherwise display on the
current land use map), display of the project site and the settlements in the
vicinity, identification of the distances, the region of the project field, name,
direction and distances of the facilities around, routes to be utilized to reach the
facility
Within the scope of the project, the ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power
Plant, having an installed power of 835 MW, is planned to be operated by Farcan Energy
Generation Co. Inc. on a land of approximately 227.000 square meters on plot 103, parcel
6 situated within the boundaries of Kiliclar Municipality of Yahşihan District in Kırıkkale
Province. The Site Location Map showing the Project Site is given in the Figure 3 below.
19
Figure 3. Site Location Map
20
The project site coordinates are given in the Table 3 below and 1/25.000 Scaled
Topographic Map and General Layout and 1/5.000 scaled Current Land Use Map are
enclosed (See Annex-2). The project site and the ready-mixed concrete plant shall be
constructed on an appropriate field.
Regarding the project site, the EIA Review and Evaluation Form and Stand Map
received from the Kırıkkale Foresty Department have been enclosed (See Annex-3). As
stated herein, the project in question is located within forest land and before starting any
activity on the field the required permissions shall be received from the Kırıkkale Foresty
Department.
However, no forest existence has been seen during the field studies carried out. The
natural flora has been observed as steppe. Also the 1/100.000 scaled Environment Plan,
Plan Report and Provisions of the Plan have been enclosed and as can be seen here the
project site is located on meadow land (See Annex-4).
In the enclosed letter from Kirikkale Special Provincial Administration, it is stated that
the project site is located on the meadow-pasture area and has no reservations on
condition that the provisions of the Environment Plan and the related laws and legislations
shall be abided by and the permissions shall be received from the related institutions (See
Annex-5).
Table 3. Project Sites Coordinates
Coor. Line
: Rightward, Up
Datum
: ED-50
Type
: UTM
D.O.M.
: 33
Zone
: 36
Scale Factor
: 6 degrees
535261.3924:4418114.1651
535284.9657:4418124.2680
535263.2306:4418063.4297
535242.8524:4418002.7197
535217.8042:4417920.7824
535216.4106:4417851.7497
535246.6471:4417719.5732
535264.1212:4417650.2443
535291.6144:4417593.2402
535315.5763:4417529.9303
535302.2080:4417469.6473
535339.0337:4417459.3058
535380.1473:4417425.0025
535389.4798:4417399.0227
535395.2811:4417351.8556
535440.4303:4417341.7664
535460.3565:4417328.1460
535497.4344:4417270.8897
535520.8740:4417208.0967
535294.7265:4416989.8370
535299.2546:4417139.3372
534969.1660:4417758.1700
535027.3455:4417956.7321
535090.4853:4418020.7135
535115.7425:4418083.8565
535165.4150:4418120.0585
Coor. Line
:
Latitude, Longitude
Datum
:
GEOGRAPHIC
Type
:
D.O.M.
:
Zone
:
Scale Factor
:
39.91072581:33.41221695
39.91081585:33.41249330
39.91026862:33.41223572
39.90972249:33.41199403
39.90898530:33.41169656
39.90836340:33.41167654
39.90717128:33.41202314
39.90654592:33.41222383
39.90603119:33.41254239
39.90545979:33.41281929
39.90491722:33.41265964
39.90482251:33.41308989
39.90451173:33.41356900
39.90427727:33.41367677
39.90385207:33.41374208
39.90375929:33.41426970
39.90363574:33.41450207
39.90311833:33.41493271
39.90255160:33.41520349
39.90059460:33.41254619
39.90194136:33.41260724
39.90753051:33.40877898
39.90931709:33.40947027
39.90989093:33.41021240
39.91045878:33.41051129
39.91078289:33.41109438
21
The Satellite Images and Photos showing the activity field are given in the Figures
4, 5,6,7,8 and Figure 9 below.
Project Area
Figure 4. Satellite Image-1
Stabilized Road
Kızlırmak River
Project Area
22
Project Area
Project Area
Figure 7. Satellite Image -4
23
Project Area
Kızılırmak River
Stabilized Road
Photograph Direction
Figure 8. Project Site Photos - 1
24
Kızılırmak River
Project Area
Stabilized Road
Photograph Direction
Figure 9. Project Site Photos - 2
25
The closest settlement to the project site is Hacibali Village and is located 2
kilometers away in the northwest of the facility.
Detailed information regarding the other settlements in the vicinity of the project site,
their locations and distances are given in the Table 4 and shown in the Figure 10.
Table 4. Information Regarding the Closest Settlements
Settlement
Location by the Project Site
Approximate distance (m)
Hacibali Village
Northeast
2.000
Irmak Municipality
Northwest
3.000
Kiliclar Municipality
Southwest
5.000
Yahsihan Municipality
Southeast
6.000
Kirikkale
Southeast
8.000
Kirikkale Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant, which belongs to GAP Petrol Imp. And
Exp. Mark. And Trade Co. Inc., will be located in approximately 6.5 kilometres northeast of
the project site and in approximately 16 kilometres southeast of the project site Central
Anatolia Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant, which belongs to Central Anatolia Natural
Gas Electricity Production and Trade Co. Inc will be located. The mentioned facilities are
shown in the Figure 10.
The transportation to the facility as shown in Figure 11 is enabled with AnkaraKirikkale highway, through the Ankara to Kirikkale direction by turning right the Hacıbalı
village crossroad, going across old bridge which is located on the Kızılırmak River and
going ahead approximately 2000 m to Kırıkkale destination with the already existing
stabilized road.
The ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant project site is located in Kirikkale
Province, Yahsihan District Kiliclar Municipality. No approved Land Use Plan and
Tentative Plan has been prepared for the project site by Municipality. The letter from
Kiliclar Municipality stating that the preparation works are still in progress and there is no
development plan for the Project Site is enclosed (See Annex-6).
26
Project Area
Settlement Area
Power Plant
Figure 10. Information Regarding the Closest Settlements
27
Figure 11. Routes to be Used for the Transportation to the Project Site
28
V.2. Location of the Activity Units Within the Scope of the Project (Settlement
Plans of the All Administrative and Social Units, Technical Infrastructure Units
and If available Other Units, Sizes of the Indoor and Outdoor Fields Determined
for These, Layer Numbers and Heights of the Buildings, Simulated Picture), A
Copy of the Topographic Map Scaled 1/25.000
The coordinates of the project site are given at the opening page of the report and
1/25.000 Scaled Topographic Map and General Layout
and 1/100.000 scaled
Environment Plan which show the project site and the settlements in the vicinity are
enclosed (See Annex-2 and Annex-4).
The units such as Gas Turbine, Steam Turbine, Cooling Towers, Switchyard,
Water Treatment Plant and Waste Water Treatment Plant, Administrative Building,
Warehouse-Maintenance Room shall be constructed. The Layout Plan anticipated for
ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant is given in the appendix (See Annex-7).
Seating charts of the units which shall be installed in the scope of project shall become
definite after some detailed projects. Therefore, the coordinates of units are not provided.
As for thar the coordinates of project area, are given in the entry page. A Representative
Picture of the Facility is shown in the following Figure12.
Work Shop&
Storgage
Steam
Turbine
Heat Recovery
Steam Generator
Demineralized
Water
Administrative &
Social Building
RMS
Transformator
Gas
Turbine
Control
Building
Cooling
Tower
Switchyard
Figure 12. Representative Picture of the ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant
The project site is planned to be set up on a land of approximately 227.000 square
meters on plot 103, parcel 6 situated within the boundaries of Kiliclar Municipality of
Yahsiyan District in Kırıkkale Province. The land in question is under the private
ownership of treasury.
The other remaining areas located on the land, shall be used for recreational
purposes by carrying out landscape studies.
29
30
SECTION VI. ECONOMICAL AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF THE PROJECT
VI.1. Investment Program and Financial Resources Regarding the Realization of
the Project
The investment cost of ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant has been
estimated as $740.000.000. Some of the investment cost shall be provided from the
equity and most of it shall be covered by means of bank credit.
The cost distribution of $ 740.000.000 by the procedures are given below and time
distribution are given in the Figure 13.
Total project budget
Engineering, Provision, Construction Costs
Unexpected Expenses of the Owner
Primary Inventory & Operating Capital
Project Development Expenses & Payments
Expenses of the Owner & Other Expenses
Cost Overrun
Energy Transmission Line Expenses
VAT
Financing Cost
Stamp Duty
BSMV(Banking and Insurance Transaction Tax)
Pre Financing Reserve Account
Income taxes
Operating Capital
Total
31
(x106) $
%
513
24
19
29
33
19
25
74
1
3
740
69,3%
3,2%
2,6%
4,1%
4,4%
0,0%
2,6%
3,5%
9,8%
0,1%
0,4%
0,0%
0, 0%
0,0%
100,0%
Figure 13. Distribution of the Total Investment Income
32
VI.2.
Flow Process Chart or Time Table Regarding the Realization of the Project
Within the scope of the investment subject to the project, the feasibility studies have
been carried out in the first place and then attention was focused on the project studies.
After the required permissions are received during this period, the construction period
shall ensue. The Process is given in the Figure 14 in the below Flow Process Chart.
Feasibility Studies
Project Studies
EIA Process
Permission Receiving –Signing Contract/ Protocol
Land Arrangement Studies
Construction Activities
Machine-Equipment Assembly
Installation and Acceptance Procedures
Commissioning
Figure 14. Project Flow Process Chart
Following the completion of EIA Process within the project and receiving the required
permissions, the construction period shall commence.
33
Within the scope of the activity subject to the project, the landscape studies shall be
commenced and the construction phase and the construction of the units are planned to
be completed in 25-30 months. During the construction phase, various disciplines such as
construction, electricity and mechanics shall work together. Within this period of time, the
Concrete Plant shall also be operated. A maximum of 1000 personnel is planned to be
employed at the construction phase at the same time. Different numbers of personnel
shall work at the site at different times and average number of the personnel to work at
the same time has been foreseen as 500 personnel.
A temporary construction camp shall be set up to be used during the construction
activities in the project site and dining hall, kitchen, changing room, shower, toilet,
washroom, warehouse, administrative and technical offices shall be located within the site
in question.
The personnel to be employed within the scope of the project will be tried to be
chosen from the close settlements. In this way the personnel may demand to inhabit at
their own residences and/or may demand to be transported if considered available in
terms of the construction activity.
The Concrete Plant to be used at the construction phase within the project shall be
set up within the project site. The Ready-Mixed Concrete Plant shall be used throughout
the construction period and closed down upon finalizing the construction phase.
Energy Generation License shall be handed over to the state after 49 years, which is
its period, according to the relevant legislation or generation shall be continued by
renewing the generation license.
34
Table 5. Schedule Table
Activity
Months
1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
Ön Studies
Feasibility Studies
Project Studies
EIA Process
Required Permissions – Signing
the Contract/Protocol
Land Arrangements- Excavations
Concrete Works
Re-fill Works
Installation of the Gas Turbine
Installation of the Steam Turbine
Installation of Heat Recovery
Steam Generator
Installation of the Transmission
Station- Switchyard
Construction
of
the
Water
Treatment and Waste Water
Treatment Facilities
Other Construction Works
Test-Trial Studies
Acceptance Procedures
35
VI.3.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Project
The project in question is of 835 MWe installed power and 6.262 GWh of energy
production is planned annually.
The electricity planned to be produced within the scope of the project, which is aimed
for public interest, shall be transmitted to the national interconnected system and contribute
to the electricity production.
Below are given the investment costs and information regarding its return and the
return on project has been calculated.
NGCCPP Facility Cost
Other Expenses
Total Investment Cost
Unit Sale Price for Electricity
Annual Total Income
Taxes Payable
Personel and Other Facility Expenses
Fuel Consumption
Financing Cost
Amortization
Net Project Income
Net Present Value of the Project
Project Net Profit
Investment Return Period
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
$513 .000.000
$227.000.000
$740 .000.000
9,6 $/KWh
$530.000.000
$10.000.000
$30.000.000
$390.000.000
$40.000.000
$10.000.000
$50.000.000
$153.000.000
$50.000.000
7 years
By realizing the project in question, a great contribution to the local community shall be
provided both at the construction and operation phases. Also the equipment to be used at
the construction and operation phases, fuel, food requirements, and repair and maintenance
works of small scale, spare parts etc. are anticipated to be provided from the region and in
this way trade in the region shall be developed.
People living in the region in which the project is planned to be realized generally
immigrate and the region shall be enhanced in terms of employment and economy with the
construction and operation phases and in this way the immigration shall also be decrased.
36
VI.4. Other Economical, Social and Infrastructure Activities Which Are Not Within the
Scope of the Project But Planned to Be Realized by the Investor Company or Other
Firms In Connection With the Project Realization
Energy Transmission Line
In order for the Electricity Energy to be produced at ESER Natural Gas Combined
Cycle Plant to be transmitted to the National Interconnected System, a 380-kV Energy
Transmission Line is required to be constructed.
applications have been issued to Turkish Electricity Transmission Company (TEIAS) for the
construction of the 380-kV Energy Transmission Line (ETL) and the connection. The opinion
letter of TEIAS is enclosed (See Annex-1).
The planned ETL with a 380 kV current, 2x3 1272 MCM conductive, approximately 25
km long and 3 bundle 1272 MCM conductive, approximately 30 km long ETL will start from
the switchyard to be installed near the ESER Combined Cycle Power Plant will be connected
first to the Kayaş Substation taking place in the TEIAS investment program and then to the
Gölbaşı Substation existing.
Kayas Transmission Station is at the planning stage and TEIAS is in charge of the
construction of the said transmission station.
Another connection point shall be Kirikkale Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant. The
connection to this point shall be made by means of the 3-budle, 8-km ETL with a voltage of
380 kV and conductivity of 1272 MCM.
The connection system in question is displayed schematically below.
Planned Kayas
Substation
Kırıkkale
NGCCPP
Existing Golbası
Substation
ESER NGCCPP
Figure 15. National Interconnected Connection System Planned to be Constructed
37
The ETLs which are planned to be constructed by FARCAN Energy Generation Co.
Inc. will be transferred to the TEIAS. Operation and Maintenance&Repairs will be conducted
by TEIAS. The lifetime of the line, the construction and operation of which are planned, is
anticipated to be approximately 50 years.
The EIA Processes of the ETLs shall be carried out separately and the contruction works
shall be commenced following the EIA Positive decision has been received.
Electricity energy to be produced at ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant shall be
transmitted to the 380-kV ETL interconnected system and shall contribute substantially to the
energy requirement of Ankara and Kirikkale provinces and the region. The project under
consideration is of major importance in terms of providing continuous and uninterrupted
energy to the consumers. With the project which is planned to be constructed, it is expected
that both the economies of the region and Turkey will be positively affected.
Telephone – Electricity Infrastructure
Within the activities to be carried out upon beginning the construction phase, the
connection to the existing networks shall be made in order to meet the electricity and
communication requirement.
Transportation
The transportation to the facility is enabled through the existing stabilized road after
Ankara-Kirikkale highway. With the beginning of the construction phase, the required
restorations shall be made on the stabilized road in question.
VI.5. Other Economical, Social and Infrastructure Activities Which Are Not Within the
Scope of the Project But Required to Be Realized by the Investor Company or
Other Firms and Required for the Realization of the Project
Natural Gas Pipeline
Within the scope of the project, 1.109 m3 of natural gas shall be used annually for as fuel
including the losses. The fuel to be used shall be provided from PPC (Petroleum Pipeline
Corporation) Natural Gas Pipe Line.
Preliminary route survey has been carried out on land on 18.05.2011 with the
attendances of the authorities from PPC Ankara Branch Office, Land Construction and
Expropriate Head Department and Counsellor Firm for the provision of natural gas to the
RMS-A station for ESER NGCCPP and the Minutes enclosed has been issued (See Annex8).
38
As stated in the minutes the pipeline shall end at the RMS-A station to be set up (as a
result of the revised land route survey to be carried out following the determination of the
RMS-A location) at one of the 2 alternative points by means of hot-tap at the 365+272
kilometres of Samsun-Ankara-Natural Gas Pipe Line passing by the project site at a suitable
point.
Since the whole route of the pipeline is located within the firm land, the land shall not be
expropriated. In the event that the valve place to be set up at the Hot-Tap point is left outside
the firm land, for that part ownership expropriation shall be realized. After the EIA Process,
the expropriation file shall be prepared and the right of way for the part the line passes shall
be transferred to PPC at no charge following the approval by the cadastre.
During the construction of the pipeline route, the Safety and Environment Regulation on
the Construction and Operation of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Pipeline Facilities of PPC shall
be abided by.
In addition for the safety of Samsun-Ankara natural gas pipeline and environment,
minimum 50 m distance shall be kept from the axis of pipeline, the said area shall not be
used in any case (construction camp, storage, park).
The Satellite Image and Pictures showing the Pipeline are given in the Figure 16
below.
Natural Gas Pipe Lines Route
Project
Area
Figure 16. Satellite Image Showing the Project Site and Natural Gas Pipeline
39
Power
Plant
Natural Gas Pipe Lines Route
Fİgure 17. Picture Showing the Project Site and Natural Gas Pipeline Route
Natural Gas Regulation and Measurement Station to be constructed within the project
field (RMS-A) shall be constructed in a different field from power plant.
VI.6.
Expropriation and/or Organization of Re-Settlement
The project shall be transferred to the state at the end of the 49 years which is the
period of ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant Energy Production License.
The project site is planned to be set up on a land of approximately 227.000 square
meters on plot 103, parcel 6 situated within the boundaries of Kiliclar Municipality of
Yahsiyan District in Kırıkkale Province, and the said area is forest land.
In reference to this, the Energy Generation License shall be received from EMRA after the
EIA Process is finalized and upon receiving the Production License the land subject to the
project shall be allocated for Farcan Energy Generation Co. Inc. through the license period.
Opinion of the Governor Kırıkkale National Real Estate Management Revenue is given in the
annex (See Annex-14)
The Power plant project area is owned by the Treasury. Project area will be leased
from the government for the whole license period.
There are no residential properties exist within the project footprint or adjacent to the
access road and consequently there will be no requirement for Resettlement Action Plan
(RAP)
40
The access road to the project site will be upgraded to meet construction and operation
requirements. As a result landowners adjacent to the route have been invited to participate in
the consultation process. In case of any expropriation need, Turkish regulations and EBRD
requirements will be followed.
For the widening of access road, Passage Way Permission Certificate will be taken
from General Directorate for Highways in the direction of Regulation on Facilities to be Built
and to be Opened in the Edge of Highways published in the Official Gazette No. 22990 dated
15.05.1997. After construction period of the project, this new road will be assigned to the
Municipality and people therefore will benefit from the upgrading. This access road will
remain open to the public use through the construction period.
An expropriation plan will be prepared by the project investors to address the issues
that might arise from upgrading this road. In the event a mutual agreement regarding
compensation could not be reached, an alternative is an appropriate arbitrator will be
appointed by the court.
VI.7.
Other Points
There is no other issue to be disclosed in this section.
41
SECTION VII. DETERMINING THE AREA THAT WILL BE IMPACTED WITHIN THE
SCOPE
OF
THE
PROJECT
AND
STATING
THE
ENVIRONMENTAL
CHARACTERISTICS IN THIS AREA (*)
VII.1. Determination of the area to be effected by the project, (Method of the
determination of the impact area will be stated)
Changes that are possible to occur during the preparation, construction and operation or
after operation environmental and social elements directly or indirectly, in short or long term,
temporarily or permanent, positive or negative direction are named as project impacts, and
the area in which subject matter impacts are observed is described as Project Impact Area.
When determining the project impact area, Plant Impact Area description included in the
Industrial Air Pollution Control Regulation (IAPCR) and nearest settlement areas and project
area and the surrounding topography were taken into consideration.
The area that has radius 50 (fifty) times of the Stack heights determined according to the
rules given in IAPCR Annex-4, is the facility impact area. Accordingly, since the emission
Stack height included within the scope of the project is 75 m, the area that has a radius of
3.750 m must be selected as impact area.
By also taking into consideration the locations of the project area and surrounding
topography, and the nearest settlement places, a more wide area in the sizes of 11 km x 11
km was selected as impact area, and it is given in Figure 18. 1/25.000 scale Topographic
map given as impact area is marked is presented in the annex (See Annex-2).
(*) In this section, when given environmental characteristic of the area selected for the project, impact area must be taken into
consideration. In consideration of the matters listed in this section, receiving source of the information obtained from related
public institution and organizations, research institutions, universities or similar establishments are indicated in the notes section
of the report or they are written in the related maps, documents etc. certificates. If project owner wants to give information based
on his/her studies, for those that are under the authorities of public institutions and organizations, one each document certifying
the accuracy of these information is obtained from the related institutions and organizations and attached to the report.
42
Figure 18. Project Impact Area
VII.2. Characteristics of the Physical and Biological Environment in the Project and
Impact Area and Use of the Natural Sources.
VII.2.1
Meteorological and climatic features (including the monthly-seasonalyearly distributions of the information taken place under the topics of general and
local climatic conditions of the region, temperature-rain-humidity distributions,
evaporation condition, numbered days, wind distribution etc.
General Climatic Conditions of the Region
Height of Kırıkkale province from sea level changes between 570– 1744 m. province
center has a height of 720 m. Project area is in the mild temperature zone. However, the
climate become continental with reasons such as being far apart of the area from the sea,
daily temperature difference changes because of being steppe.
Following sections have been prepared by taking into consideration of the Long Years
Meteorological Data Bulletin of Kırıkkale Meteorology Station belonging to years 1975-2010
that is the nearest meteorology station to the activity area.
43
Pressure Distribution
According to the long years (1975-2010) observation records of the Kırıkkale
Meteorology Station, mean pressure is 929.8 hPa, maximum pressure is 949.9 hPa and
minimum pressure is 898.7 hPa in the region.
Figure 19. Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Pressure Distribution (hPa)
Temperature Distribution
Accoring to the long years (1975-2010) observation records of the Kırıkkale Province
Meteorology Station, average temperature of region is 12.5C. From the point of view
average temperature the hottest month is July (24.5 ºC), coldest month is January (0.5ºC).
Within the same observation duration maximum temperature was determined as 41.6 ºC and
minimum as -22.4 ºC.
Jan.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
Augus
t
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec
.
Figure 20. Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Temperature Distiribution (0C)
44
Rain Distribution
Accoring to the long years (1975-2010) observation records of the Kırıkkale
Meteorology Station, average of annual total precipitation is 375.6 mm in region. Daily
maximum precipitation is observed in June with the value of 100.6 mm. The average days in
which precipitation is more than 0.1 mm is 98.7.
Jan.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
August
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Figure 21. Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Terms (1975-2010) Precipitation Distribution (mm)
In Standart times, the largest 24-hour precipitation seen in 100 years is 100.8 mm. The
rain disposal culverts, underground systems, above-ground structures and etc. will be
planned according to this value. Dry river beds and these rivers’s precipitation areas are
determined which is in the activity area. The map of showing the dry river beds precipitation
areas and the studies about the project flood estimates is given in the appendix (See Annex21). In the estimations, it is calculated the number 2 basin centenary flood flow rate is 0.37
m3/sn that comes from rain, the number 3 basin centenary flood flow rate is 0.41 m3/second
results from rain.
Precipitation İntensity
(mm/sec)
In the Project area Kızılırmak River min. Water altitude is 663.10 m and Q500-max
water altitude is 665.95. And the Project area has altitude over 680 is located above the
Kızılırmak flood altitude.
Figure 22. Kırıkkale Province Precipitation Intensity – Duration – Recurrence Curves
45
Table 6. Observed Maksimal Precipitation Values in Standart Tımes (mm)
OBSERVATION YEAR
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
1979
1978
1977
5
6.5
1.6
3.7
7.9
5.3
5.0
5.1
1.9
7.2
2.6
4.3
10.8
7.9
12.3
6.5
6.5
3.3
3.9
5.6
7.4
1.0
3.9
4.8
5.3
6.4
9.5
4.4
13.3
9.1
8.2
5.2
2.0
4.8
12.4
MINUTE
10
15
8.5
12.4
3.1
3.5
4.4
6.5
9.9
10.7
5.9
8.8
7.9
9.8
10.2
12.8
2.3
2.4
12.0
16.4
3.7
5.0
8.0
9.9
21.0
28.7
14.1
17.5
24.3
30.1
12.7
16.3
7.9
8.1
3.8
4.6
6.9
8.5
7.8
8.2
7.6
7.6
1.5
2.3
5.2
5.8
6.4
8.3
9.0
12.0
9.5
10.5
15.4
18.9
4.5
6.5
16.9
22.3
12.2
14.5
13.7
15.4
6.0
6.2
3.2
4.3
5.2
5.3
18.6
23.7
HOUR
30
16.5
4.6
8.7
12.9
13.3
13.5
15.4
3.2
18.1
8.2
12.2
42.2
21.1
52.1
19.8
8.3
6.6
10.0
9.3
8.0
3.6
9.4
10.6
16.4
10.9
21.8
12.1
25.0
16.1
18.5
6.6
5.3
6.4
29.4
1
17.6
5.6
8.7
15.3
16.5
16.0
16.1
6.2
24.0
12.3
14.5
43.9
21.2
61.4
20.7
8.9
6.6
10.4
9.4
8.6
5.1
10.8
10.8
18.4
13.4
23.2
16.3
27.1
16.7
27.7
6.7
6.3
6.9
29.4
2
23.2
7.6
13.4
17.2
18.1
17.4
18.0
9.2
25.3
14.7
17.0
45.9
21.2
66.6
20.8
11.5
8.2
14.3
12.5
10.6
8.5
13.0
11.6
22.1
17.4
23.4
19.6
28.2
17.0
29.5
6.8
7.7
7.2
29.4
3
23.2
8.6
14.2
19.2
18.4
17.4
18.3
11.8
25.9
15.1
17.4
52.6
21.4
80.6
21.1
14.0
10.3
19.1
12.7
12.9
11.5
15.3
11.6
24.1
17.4
23.5
19.9
28.2
17.0
30.1
8.4
7.8
10.2
29.4
4
23.2
9.2
14.3
21.2
18.9
17.5
18.3
13.4
25.9
15.5
20.1
52.6
21.7
88.4
21.3
15.4
13.7
20.5
12.7
14.9
13.9
18.1
12.5
25.2
17.5
23.5
19.9
28.2
17.0
32.0
10.6
7.9
11.3
29.4
46
5
23.2
9.6
14.3
21.2
20.2
17.5
18.4
15.3
26.6
15.6
20.4
52.7
25.5
93.3
21.8
16.3
15.8
21.1
12.7
15.4
16.7
18.9
13.5
25.2
17.5
23.5
23.8
28.2
17.0
33.7
12.6
7.9
11.4
29.4
6
23.2
10.2
14.3
21.2
21.8
17.5
18.4
18.9
26.6
15.7
20.6
52.7
26.3
98.8
21.9
16.3
16.8
21.1
12.7
15.5
18.7
19.2
16.0
25.2
18.1
23.7
24.8
28.2
17.0
33.7
14.4
8.1
11.4
29.4
8
29.4
11.4
14.3
21.3
21.8
17.5
18.4
23.5
26.7
16.3
21.7
52.7
26.4
100.2
21.9
16.3
17.9
21.3
12.9
17.5
25.7
19.4
19.4
25.2
18.1
24.2
24.8
28.8
17.0
33.7
17.3
10.6
11.6
29.4
12
35.6
15.9
16.9
21.3
21.9
17.6
18.5
28.7
26.7
16.5
24.9
52.7
26.4
100.5
22.0
17.1
18.4
21.3
12.9
23.6
30.3
21.1
21.3
25.2
18.1
24.2
24.8
28.8
17.1
33.7
19.5
12.4
12.3
29.4
18
39.2
18.9
17.7
21.4
22.0
17.7
18.6
32.0
27.2
16.8
13.7
52.7
26.4
100.6
22.2
21.3
18.5
21.4
12.9
26.9
31.3
21.3
21.3
25.2
20.7
24.9
24.8
28.8
17.1
33.8
21.0
12.6
15.9
38.6
24
39.8
21.3
21.0
21.6
22.0
26.1
21.3
34.8
27.4
32.2
35.7
52.7
27.2
100.8
25.9
30.2
26.0
21.8
15.1
26.9
31.4
40.0
36.0
33.3
21.3
33.0
27.8
34.6
24.7
33.8
26.6
12.6
28.1
39.8
24 +
*
OBSERVATION YEAR
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
Term Number
Average
Max
Std.Deviation
Coefficient of
Skewness
Appropriate
Distribution Function
2 YEARS
5 YEARS
10 YEARS
25 YEARS
50 YEARS
100 YEARS
5
4.3
10.0
2.8
5.5
10.0
2.0
3.2
5.8
5.3
MINUTE
10
15
5.5
6.5
20.0
29.6
4.4
5.0
5.5
5.5
17.0
20.0
3.5
6.0
4.0
3.7
9.7
9.7
7.6
8.7
30
8.2
37.0
7.1
5.5
21.3
7.4
6.3
13.2
10.2
1
8.7
42.6
9.4
12.7
21.3
7.7
9.5
14.2
11.2
2
8.7
44.1
16.7
12.8
21.7
9.0
13.1
16.7
11.4
3
11.1
44.3
21.4
13.3
21.7
11.2
13.5
22.5
11.4
4
13.0
44.3
26.2
13.6
21.7
13.5
13.7
26.0
11.4
5
14.8
44.3
28.2
13.6
22.3
15.4
14.4
26.1
11.4
6
16.3
44.3
29.8
13.6
22.8
17.1
16.9
26.1
11.4
HOUR
8
16.8
44.3
32.0
13.9
23.9
17.7
27.9
26.1
12.4
12
18.6
44.3
33.7
15.5
23.9
20.2
30.2
26.1
16.0
18
18.7
44.3
33.7
18.6
24.4
20.3
31.5
26.1
29.0
24
20.5
50.1
33.7
19.1
30.2
24.7
37.5
26.1
29.6
24 +
43
6.0
13.3
3.06
43
9.2
24.3
5.56
43
11.5
30.1
7.41
43
14.8
52.1
10.42
43
16.8
61.4
11.45
43
18.9
66.6
11.52
43
20.4
80.6
12.97
43
21.6
88.4
13.59
43
22.5
93.3
14.01
43
23.2
98.8
14.48
43
24.4
100.2
14.42
43
25.7
100.5
14.16
43
26.7
100.6
14.23
43
31.0
100.8
13.67
44
30.9
100.8
13.51
0.59
0.91
1.09
1.80
2.00
2.23
2.91
3.28
3.48
3.75
3.78
3.81
3.60
3.33
3.37
LP3
LP3
LP3
LP3
LP3
LP3
LP3
LP3
LP3
LP3
LP3
LP3
LP3
LP3
LP3
5.6
8.6
10.4
12.4
13.7
14.8
7.9
13.2
17.0
21.9
25.7
29.5
9.5
16.3
21.5
28.8
34.7
41.0
11.8
20.4
27.6
38.2
47.4
57.7
13.5
22.7
30.4
42.4
53.0
64.7
15.8
24.9
32.3
43.6
53.5
65.3
16.8
26.1
34.2
47.0
58.7
72.7
17.8
27.1
35.3
48.6
61.0
75.9
18.6
28.1
36.4
49.9
62.3
77.3
19.2
28.7
37.1
50.8
63.6
77.9
20.4
29.9
38.4
52.2
65.1
78.6
21.6
30.9
39.3
53.2
66.3
79.0
22.8
32.5
41.0
54.7
67.1
80.7
27.7
37.9
45.8
57.4
67.3
82.4
27.8
38.1
46.1
57.8
67.6
82.4
47
Humidity Distiribution
According to the long years (1975-2010) observation records of the Kırıkkale Meteorology
Station, average humidity in the ragion is 63%, average relative humidity maximum in December
77.5% and lowest in August 50.6%.
Jan.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
August
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Figure 23. Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years Humidity Distribution (%)
Numbered Days Distribution of Region
According to the long years (1975-2010) observation records of the Kırıkkale Meteorology
Station, the average days in which precipitation amount is more than 0.1 mm is annually 98.7, the
number of snowy days is annually 19.8, the number of snow covered days is 17.5, the number of
foggy days is 11.8, the number of days with hail is 1.3, the number of frosty days is 32.9.
Table 24. Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Numbered Days Distribution
Months
January
February
The Number
of Snowy
Days
6.3
The Number of
Snow Covered
Days
8
The Number
of Foggy
Days
3.6
The number
of Days With
Hail
0.1
The Number
of Frosty
Days
6.6
The Number Of
Thunderstorm
Days
0
5
4.4
1.5
0.1
6.3
0.1
March
3.1
1.6
0.4
0.2
4.1
0.5
April
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.5
2.5
May
0.2
6
June
5.4
July
2.2
August
1.9
September
0.1
October
2.1
0.1
0
0.9
0.9
November
1.2
0.3
1.9
0.1
6.9
0.2
December
3.7
3.1
4.1
0.1
6.7
0
Yıllık Toplam
19.8
17.5
11.8
1.3
32
21.8
48
Maximum snowfall was seen in January with 6 days and maximum snow covered day was
experienced in January with 8 days. Fog formation is seen mostly in January.
Hail fail in the region is seen maximum in April, its average is 0.4 days. Days with white frost
is mostly are seen in November, December and January and it is respectively 6.9, 6.7 and 6.6
days. Days with thunderstorm are experienced mostly in June, its long years average is 5.4 days.
Maximum Snow Depth of Region
Meteorology Station, maximum snow depth seen is 48 cm in January.
Table 25. Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Maxsimum Snow Depth
Months
Max.
Snow
Depth
Jan.
Feb.
March
April
48
40
25
6
May
June
July
August
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
5
31
Total
48
Evaporation Condition of Region
Accoring to rhe long years (1975-2010) observation records of the Kırıkkale Province
Meteorology Station, annually average evaporation amount is 1,312.3 mm. Highest monthly
apparent surface evaporation seen is 15.7 mm in August.
Figure 24. According to Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010), Average Apparent Surface
Evaporation (mm)
49
Wind Distribution of Region
Accoring to long years (1975-2010) observation records of the Kırıkkale Province
Meteorology Station, wind blowing numbers by months and climates are given in the Table 7 and
Table 8 below, their graphic form is presented in Figure 30. As can be seen from it, prevailing
wind direction is primarily northeast (NE), secondarily eastnortheast (ENE), thirdly southwest
(SW) and fourthly east (E)
Table 7. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records Wind Blowing
Numbers by Months
Wind
Direction January February
N
505
602
Months
Total
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
558
457
638
948
942
737
735
654
504
408
7688
NNE
774
716
817
753
1025
1498
2245
1710
1144
1036
770
691
13179
NE
2285
2334
2995
2425
3375
3951
5404
5403
4052
3418
2418
2310
40370
ENE
2389
2410
2741
2470
3317
3622
4642
4869
3885
3937
2849
2703
39834
E
2009
1770
2229
1850
2235
2043
2253
2561
2558
2388
2423
1991
26310
ESE
640
560
562
504
571
654
572
611
645
524
573
519
6935
SE
666
500
533
456
692
483
521
401
564
690
529
771
6806
SSE
611
369
299
377
302
240
167
181
270
329
345
502
3992
S
1233
966
997
909
611
458
350
289
429
571
803
873
8489
SSW
2665
2420
2172
2274
1440
731
417
431
807
1298
1958
2516
19129
SW
3784
3028
3029
3066
2226
1287
870
850
1239
1596
2255
3574
26804
WSW
1251
1345
1602
1863
1567
1177
600
586
1091
1346
1402
1460
15290
W
1057
1179
1329
1704
1442
1218
891
732
987
972
917
889
13317
WNW
334
402
574
625
638
799
515
475
718
590
457
496
6623
NW
331
472
486
504
489
688
659
656
555
340
319
320
5819
NNW
339
450
499
419
494
786
690
555
535
328
476
419
5990
Table 8. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records Wind Blowing
Numbers by Climates
N
NNE
NE
ENE
E
ESE
SE
SSE
S
SSW
SW
WSW
W
WNW
NW
NNW
Autumn
1893
2950
9888
10671
7369
1742
1783
944
1803
4063
5090
3839
2876
1765
1214
1339
Winter
1515
2181
6929
7502
5770
1719
1937
1482
3072
7601
10386
4056
3125
1232
1123
1208
Spring
1653
2595
8795
8528
6314
1637
1681
978
2517
5886
8321
5032
4475
1837
1479
1412
50
Summer
2627
5453
14758
13133
6857
1837
1405
588
1097
1579
3007
2363
2841
1789
2003
2031
N
NNW
45000
NNE
40000
35000
NW
NE
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
WNW
W
ENE
E
0
WSW
The Annual
Total
ESE
SW
SE
SSW
SSE
S
Figure 25. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records, Annual Total Seasonal
Wind Diagrams by Wind Blowing Numbers
51
Figure 26. Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records Seasonal Wind Diagrams by Wind
Blowing Numbers
52
January
March
53
r
Figure 27. Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records Monthly Wind Diagrams by Wind
Blowing Numbers
54
Wind speeds according to months and climates based on the Kırıkkale Meteorology Station
long years (1975-2010) observation records are given in Table 9 and Table 10 below, their
graphic form is presented in Figure 28 and Figure 29.
Table 9. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records Wind Speeds by
Months (m/second)
Months
Wind
Direction
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Annual
Average
N
2
2.2
2.5
2.1
2.3
2.8
3.1
2.8
2.4
2
1.9
1.9
2.3
NNE
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.1
2.3
2.7
3.1
2.9
2.3
2.1
1.9
2
2.4
NE
1.7
1.9
2
2
1.9
2.2
2.7
2.5
1.8
1.7
1.5
1.7
2.0
ENE
1.6
1.8
2
1.9
2
2.1
2.6
2.6
1.8
1.7
1.4
1.6
1.9
E
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.4
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.4
ESE
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.3
1.2
1
1.1
1.3
SE
1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.1
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.1
SSE
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.1
1
1.1
1.3
S
1.4
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.7
1.6
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.6
SSW
2.1
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.1
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.0
SW
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.6
WSW
1.7
1.8
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
2
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.9
W
1.4
1.8
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.1
2
2
1.7
1.4
1.5
1.9
WNW
1.7
1.9
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.3
2.1
1.9
1.5
1.6
2.1
NW
1.4
1.7
1.6
1.8
1.8
2.1
2.1
1.7
1.6
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.7
NNW
2.2
2.8
2.5
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
3.1
2.5
2
2.2
2.1
2.5
Table 10. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records, Wind Speeds by
Climates (m/second)
AUTUMN
WİNTER
SPRING
SUMMER
N
2.1
2.0
2.3
2.9
NNE
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.9
NE
1.7
1.8
2.0
2.5
ENE
1.6
1.7
2.0
2.4
E
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.6
ESE
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.6
SE
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.2
SSE
1.1
1.1
1.4
1.4
S
1.5
1.5
1.8
1.5
SSW
1.8
2.2
2.3
1.8
SW
1.5
1.6
1.8
1.6
WSW
1.6
1.7
2.2
2.0
W
1.7
1.6
2.2
2.1
WNW
1.8
1.7
2.3
2.4
NW
1.4
1.5
1.7
2.0
NNW
2.2
2.4
2.5
3.0
55
Annual Average
Annual Average
Figure 28. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records, Annual Average Wind
Diagrams
56
SPRING
SUMMER
SPRING
SUMMER
WINTER
AUTUMN
AUTUMN
WINTER
Figure 29. Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records, Seasonal Wind Diagrams by Wind
Speeds (m/second)
57
January
February
March
April
May
July
August
September
October
November
December
June
Fignure 30. According to Kırıkkale Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records, Monthly
Wind Diagrams (m/second)
58
Average Wind Speed Distribution
Meteorology Station, annual average wind speed is 1.8 m/second.
Jan.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
August
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Figure 31. According to Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records Annual
Average Wind Speed Distribution (m/second)
Meteorology Station, maximum wind speed is seen in March and June, and it is respectively 28.1
m/second and 28 m/second.
Jan.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
August
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Figure 35. According to Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records Wind Speed
Distribution (m/second)
Number of Gales, Strong Windy Days
In Kırıkkale, maximum gale with 1.3 days was experienced in April, and strong windy days
are experienced in July with 8.2 days. Accoring to long years (1975-2010) observation records of
the Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station, average number of gales and average strong windy
days is observed 61.6 day.
59
Table 11. According to Kırıkkale Province Meteorology Station Long Years (1975-2010) Observation Records Average
Number of Gales and Average Number of Strong Windy Days
Months
Average Number of Gales
Average Number of Strong Windy Days
January
0.4
3.4
February
0.9
3.8
March
0.7
5.4
April
1.3
6.3
May
0.7
7.1
June
1
7.2
July
0.6
8.2
August
0.4
7.1
September
0.5
4.3
October
0.3
3.1
Novermber
0.3
2.9
December
0.2
2.8
Annual Total
7,3
61,6
VII.2.2
Geological properties (study of the geologic structure under the topics of
physical-chemical properties of tectonic movements, mineral resources, landslide,
unique formations, avalanche, flood, rock fall, 1/25000 scale general geologic map of
the project area and 1/1000 and/or 1/5000 geologic map belonging to the study area
and its legend, stratigraphic cross-section)
General Geology and Stratigraphy
About General Geology of the Region for the project area, "Ankara Metropolitan Area Land
Use Map Explanation Report" made in 1980 by Mineral Research and Exploration Institution and
"Geology and Natural Resources Project of Ankara" prepared in 1994 studies were taken as
basis.
Project Area is located in Kılıçlar group; and it was described as Cenomanian- Campanian,
old sediments with lateral and vertical direction passage with each other, volcano- sedimentary
and volcanic rock.
1/1.000 scale Geology Map and its legend showing the study area and its immediate
surroundings, given in the annex, generalized stratigraphic colon cross-section is presented in
Figure-33. (See Annex-9)
Geologic – Geotechnical Study Report based on the Development Plan that was prepared
according to the basis of Circular dated 19.08.2008 and number 10337 of the Ministry of Public
Works and Settlement (General Directorate of Disaster Affairs) was preperad and is given in the
appendix (See Annex-9) The Geologic – Geotechnical Study Report which is given in the
appendix, shall be certified by submitting to the Ministry Of Environment And Urban Planning.
The construction works shall be carried out in accordance with the points mentioned in the
Geologic – Geotechnical Study Report that was submitted for approval. Within the scope of the
mentioned project of ESER Natural Gas Combine Cycle Power Plant; the Plan criteria specified
in the subject matter report will be fulfilled.
60
61
Figure 33: Stratigraphic colon cross-section related to the Power Plant area and it surroundings
62
KILICLAR GROUP
Within this group ophiolitic and olistostromes formed from older rocks are extensively
available. The group extensively traced at the Region is divided into Hisarköy and Karadağ
formations. Hisarköy formation, Cengizpınar ebonite member are separated from Kocatepe lime
stone member and Radiolaritine member, meanwhile, Karadağ formation is separated from
Kurşunludüz lime stone member. All of these units are traced in the vicinity of Kılıçlar village.
Hisarköy Formation (Kkh):
The unit generally extends at the Region in the direction of northeast – northwest. That is
formed from the rock types at varied size grains from coarse gravel size to fine sand size. The
sediment rocks of the unit are formed from alteration of poorly sorted volcanic grained pebbles;
sand Stones sludge Stones in patches and lime Stones those are traced in between. Pebbles
and sand Stones mostly attached loosely with grey, Brown, red and their Bedding is nebulous.
Sorting and grading at the generality of unit are traced coarsely. Sludge stones are red, gray
colored, with fine – medium layer. Within Hisarköy formation, ophiolitic and olistostromes derived
from Eldivan ophiolite community at various sizes are frequently encountered.
Hisarköy formation comes discordant over Eldivan ophiolite community at the northers
region. The age of the unit has been determined as Senomanian – campanian.
Hisarköy formation generally has been precipitated at the continent slope of which inclination
is high at the deep sea medium. Although the most important source of the Sediments are the
Sediments at continent and shelf, spilites and diabasea (Cengizpınar ebonite member) those are
the product of contemporaneous volcanism forms a part of source rock. The tectonic activity
exists at the basin becomes more intense with the effect of volcanism and contemporaneous
volcanic materiel that has been moved from its location by breaking into pieces has been mixed
with the materials derived from land and precipitated with essential debris flow processes.
Pelagic precipitation was realized during the processes where the medium was inactive and
radiolaritine, sludge stone and argillaceous lime stone were precipitated.
Cengizpınar Ebonite Member (Kkhc):
The Unit has been separated in the Hisarköy formation depending on its rock type character.
Cengizpınar ebonite member forms from spilites (basalt), diabase and dykes and silica they have
protected their cushion lava character formed at various phases and bound to them. The spilites
are dark colored, with purplish, gray, while the diabase are gray and green. It has observed that
Spilites are in first degree relation with sand stones with volcanic material, marl and sandy lime
Stone. The ebonites at dyke position are traced as cut the units forming the Kılıçlar group.
Cengizpınar ebonite member, has had influence on rock types, they are in relation therewith even
if just a pinch whether by spreading as a product of deep sea volcanism or penetrating into
sediments or flowing over sediment surface at the different surfaces of Precipitation at the time
range lasting the Senomanian – campanian of the Hisarköy formation.
63
Kocatepe Lime stone Member (Kkhk):
Hisarköy formation has been separated as per rock type peculiarity therein. Kocatepe lime
stone member is formed from alteration of traceable, pelagic argillaceous lime stone, radiolaritine
– sludge Stone and Kalsilütit, even though that has achieved fragmented boudinage at long
distance. Pelagic argillaceous lime stone is with red, gray, fine – medium bedding and with
cockleshell refraction surface. The grains of Kalsilütits are marginally volcanic rock grains with
shallow sea or reefal lime stone. Radiolaritine, sludge stone is traced as thin red surfaces. At
some sections, primary relations of the Kocatepe lime stone member and the Cengizpınar
ebonite member. The age of the unit is Senomanian – campanian.
Radiolaritine Member (Kkhr):
In the Hisarköy formation that has separated according to rock type character. The uit is
formed from alteration of radiolaritine – sludge Stone. Radiolaritines are red, green, with thin
layer. In radiolaritines, serpantinit ophiolitics are traced in patches. The Unit is presented in the
Hisarköy formation with vertical and lateral transitive and as lens. Radiolaritines and Kalsilütits
display transitions in patches. The unit contains plentiful radiolarias. It is thought that the age of
unit is in the time interval of Senomanian – campanian as contemporaneous with the formation it
is accompanied and with the members.
Karadağ Formation (Kkk):
The Karadağ formation starts with alteration of pebble, at volcanic grained sand stone at the
bottom and continues with alteration of sand stone – sludge stone towards to top. Pebble and
sand stone are green, brown, grey, scarlet, firmly attached with alteration of fine- medium. In
sand stones, there are grading, having parallel laminating, current cross lamina convolute
bedding. Sand stone is gray, brown, gray, firmly attached, with thin layer and acicular faulted.
Sludge stones comes as transient over sand stone layers. In sludge stones parallel laminating is
observed widespread. Argillaceous lime stones are gray, earth – brown, brown, with thin medium layer and cockle shell faulted. The Karadağ formation is transitive at the bottom with the
Hisarköy formation. At this transit zone, ebonites and Kalsilütits of the Hisarköy formation and
alteration of sand stone and silt stone of the Karadağ formation are traced together. The Karadağ
formation is interpenetrate with the Hisarköy formation laterally. The age of the Unit is
Senomanian – campanian. Besides, at the west side of Ankara, at Aşağı Yurtçu village location,
the age of the Karadağ formation over the Akbayır formation is evaluated as Senomanian –
Turonien.
Kurşunludüz Lime stone Member (Kkkk):
In the Karadağ formation, that has been seperated in accordance with rock type character as
per map scale. The member forms in yellowish, white, gray, red color, with cockle shell refraction
surface, with silica band and knobby, with thin - medium layer, sometimes, from argillaceous lime
stone with lamina. The Kurşunludüz lime stone member is transitive with the Karadağ formation
from bottom and from above. The age of the unit has been determined as Senomanian –
Turonien.
64
Ophiolitic and olistostromes in The Kılıçlar Group
The Ophiolitic and olistostromes those have been derived from The Eldivan ophiolite
community and denoted by the "Keo" symbol Eldivan ophiolite; are the sections where the
mixture of serpentinite, gabbro, diabase, volcanic rock and / or one of them is commonly. After
placement of the Eldivan ophiolite community into the Region at the time interval of albian –
Apsian, mass flowing into the Senomanian – campanian aged units have been constituted as a
consequence of coming at various times at the shape of attraction slides and participating in
precipitation.
Ilıcapınar Formation (Kı):
Unit is formed from irregular alteration of conglomerate and sand stone. Conglomerates are
in brown earth brown, scarlet colors, medium attached with thick – very thick layer. The layer
bases are eroding. In conglomerates, large scale teknesel cross stratifications are traced. Sorting
is medium. Sand stones are in green, brown color, medium attached with medium – thick
bedding. At the sand stones, graded stratification, parallel laminating and small scale current
cross stratifications are traced. The cement of conglomerate and sand stone is very little or not
exist. The bottom limit of the Ilıcapınar formation is faulted at working area. There is very close
relation between the bottom layers traced of the unit and the rock types forming the Kılıçlar Group
and forming mediums. At the channel sediments in the Ilıcapınar formation, there are pebbles
pertain to the rock types forming the Kılıçlar Group. Therefore, it is thought that the Ilıcapınar
formation comes on the Kılıçlar Group as scratching surface, i.e. the channel sediments at the
bottom section and that is precipitated in the pits opened through the Kılıçlar Group. The
Ilıcapınar formation is transitive and interpenetrant with the Haymana formation at the top and as
laterally. At the unit no fossil is found, but it was deemed that they are at the same age
(Maastrihtiyen) with the Haymana formation to which it is interpenetrant. The Ilıcapınar formation
is essentially precipitated over the Hisarköy formation, at upper undersea range, after diminishing
of efficiency of volcanism at the top cretaceous.
Dizilitaşlar Formation (Td):
The Dizilitaşlar formation is formed from conglomerates, sand stone, shale, argillaceous lime
stone and detrital lime stone. Further, that contains a lot of hundreds of meter sized monoid
contemporaneous ophiolitic with reefal lime stone character derived from the Çaldağ formation.
Conglomerates; are in yellow, brown, gray colored, flabby attached, with medium thick layer.
There are two types of pebbles. Those are with coarse matrix support, poorly sorted Conglomera
and with small gravel, grain supported medium sorted pebbles.
In spite of the bottom border of the Dizilitaşlar formation is mostly faulted owing to young
tectonics, there are the transitive places when Haymana formation and the sedimentological
properties of rock type are taken into account. At the top, in spite of contact with the Mahmutlar
formation is at the Çankırı basin is faulted, the transitional sections are also observed. At the
Haymana basin, the Eskipolatlı formation comes as accordant over the Dizilitaşlar formation. The
age of Dizilitaşlar formation has been determined as palaeocene.
65
Mahmutlar Formation (Tmk):
It is generally observed extensively at the East sections. The unit is separated as the
Karagedik memberne formed from shale, sand stone, marl and conglomerate, as the Taşlıdere
memberne formed from sand stone, sludge stone, sand stone with tuffite, and as the Kabaktepe
memberne formed from pebble, less sand stone, shale and tuffite. At the sections those can not
be separated for the members are indicated as the Mahmutlar formation that is composed from
conglomerate, sand stone, marl, tuffite as wide spread rock type. The unit, when the
sedimentological properties with the Dizilitaşlar formation at the bottom are considered it is
thought that is transitional. Meanwhile at the top, the Miskincedere formation covers the
Mahmutlar formation as concordant. The age of the unit has been determined as Ipresiyen –
lutetian with the fossils obtained from sand stone levels, sandy lime stone at the Karagedik
member and Taşlıdere member that form the Mahmutlar formation.
Karagedik Member (Tmka):
It is separated at the southern east section of the Region, by regarding rock type properties
and precipitation medium. The member forms from shale, sand stone, marl and conglomerate.
Dominant rock type is shale. Pebbles took part as inter levels with lenticular geometry. Shale is
gray, dark green and black, medium attached with thin – thick layer. Where sand stone is traced
thick, cross bedding, grading and parallel laminating is observed. Since the Dizilitaşlar formation
is formed from convergent turbidity, the unit is transitional with the Dizilitaşlar formation due to the
Dizilitaşlar formation has been formed from convergent convergent turbidite, while the Karagedik
member is formed from shelf and delta sediments, and that is transitional and interpenetrant with
the Taşlıdere member at the top and lateral. The age of formation has been determined as
Ipresiyen – lutetian.
Taşlıdere Member (Tmt):
At the eastern section of the Region, that was separated according to their rock type and
precipitation medium. The Taşlıdere member is formed from sand stone, sludge stone, sand
stone with tuffite and tuffite. The sand stones; are white, yellow colors, medium tight attached,
with thin – thick layer. No sediment structure is traced at the lower sections of the member. At the
upper sections, small and large cross stratifications, parallel lamination and low angle planar
cross stratification is observed. Sand stones with tuffite are yellow, tight attached, fine and
medium layers. Small scale cross stratifications and parallel laminating are usual. Tuffites are
yellow, red, tightly attached, with thin – medium layer, and parallel laminated. The Sludge stones
are gray, insufficiently attached, with fine and thick stratification. The Sludge stones are in
maximum centimeter thick and comprises of coal inclusions and carbonated plant fossils. The
Taşlıdere member is transitional and interpenetrant with the Karagedik member at the bottom
while is transitional and interpenetrant with the Kabaktepe member at the top. The age of
formation has been determined as Ipresiyen – lutetian.
Old alluvium (Terrace Material) and alluvium (Qe, Qa):
Old alluviums are traced protected at various heights according to the beds of rivers at the
Region. It is formed from unattached or considerably attached sand, silt and pebbles. Alluvium
are the sediments of these days formed from sand, silt and pebble along with the Kızılırmak River
and the branches thereof.
66
1 / 1.000 Scaled Geology Map and its Legend which show the study area and surrounding is
enclosed and generalized stratigrafic column section is introduced in the Figure - 33 (See: Annex
- 9).
Structural Geology
Its study area took part within the Anatolid tectonic zone at the southern of the North Anatolia
fault (NAF). It has earned its tectonic structure with the Alpine Orogeny phase. At the region, it is
met to the traces of the Paleotetis Ocean, at the rock types forming the Ankara Group and to the
traces of the Neotetis Ocean at the rock types forming the Eldivan amphibolites community.
Discordant: The first discordant at the region, is observed between the Triassic aged
Ankara Group and Jura Aged Hasanoğlan formation. At the Region, the Eldivan amphibolites
community of which internal order has been preserved partially and / or the Dereköy ophiolitic
mélange and the discordant between the Hisarköy formations forming the Kılıçlar group and / or
Karadağ Formation indicates the residues of the rock types of the Neotetis Ocean. On the other
hand, the discordant between the oligocene aged Miskincedere formation, the Miocene aged
ebonite and sediments indicates that marine sediment at the region has been terminated and the
existence of the sediment on which terrestrial regime is dominant. The discordant between the
Bozdağ Basalt that is the last product at the region and the Gölbaşı formation that is the
sediments of developed basin is not observed everywhere.
Geology of Survey area
Geotechnical aimed sounding wells have been opened in order to determine the lithologic
and geologic conditions and the engineering parameters of the rock and soil at the project area.
Between the dates of 12.03.2011 and 04.04.2011, at the natural gas cycle power plant, total
152,5 m sounding study at the 7 different locations have been carried out. 6 out of these borings
has been planned as boring having a purpose of geotechnical at the plant area, while 1 of them
as caison well at the outside of the plant area oriented to determine soil permeability.
By means of Sounding and the geophysics surveys, thick side debris of which thickness has
been determined clearly and terrace material (Old alluviums) take place. This unit was referred to
as tr + ym. Meanwhile, at the flat place of Kızılırmak River, current alluvium sediments (Qal) have
been observed.
As additional to these studies, at the power plant area exploration pits have been opened at
10 points, oriented to soil exploration.
Besides, seismic measurements at 10 points and resistivity survey at 20 points have been
implemented.
At the borings, at the level of soil passed through it was advanced by auger, while it
passed to watered system through rock and advancement is ensured with core. In addition
this, foundation boreholes have been opened at the riverside of the Kızılırmak River (SK 12.00 m) oriented to determine water usage condition for the plant. Information on borings
shown on the Table 12 & 13:
67
is
to
7;
is
Table 12. Information on borings
Sounding
No
Depth
(m)
SPT (Piece)
SK-1
SK-2
SK-3
SK-4
SK-5
SK-6
SK-7
TOTAL
21.00
25.00
21.50
25.00
25.00
23.00
12.00
152,50
9
11
9
8
12
8
1
58
Land Tests
Pressure Leakage Test
(permeability ) piece
8
8
Table 13. Under Ground Water Level and lithology obtained from the foundation borings carried out
Sounding
No
Place
Depth (m)
Level (m)
Under Ground
Water Level (m)
SK-1
Power Plant Area
21
686
14
SK-2
Power Plant Area
25
691
17,20
SK-3
Power Plant Area
21,5
678
7,10
SK-4
Power Plant Area
25
678
10,20
SK-5
Power Plant Area
25
690
NA
SK-6
Power Plant Area
23
680
NA
SK-7
Kızılırmak Riverside
12
674
3
lithology
0,20 - 13,50 m Terrace Material
13,50-15,50m Silt Stone, Clay Stone
15,50-21,00 m Lime stone
18,00 -2 5,00 m Konglomerate
13,50-21,50 m Lime stone
13,50 - 25,00 m Konglomerate
19,00 - 25,00 m Lime stone
18,00 - 19,50m Konglomerate
19,50 - 23,00 m Lime stone
0,20 - 9,00 alluvium
9,00 - 12,00 m argillaceous Silt
At the study area, geological structure generally is formed from current alluviums at the Kızılırmak
River bedding, from the side debris & Terrace Material at the section close to whole site and
formed from the Hisarköy formation (Kkh) and serpentines at the upper side from 700 - 705 m.
levels. Upper levels of the side debris & Terrace Material are loose – medium tight and the lower
levels have the property of tight - very tight. While the bearing power of soil at loose medium tight
character is at the level of 0,88 kg / cm2, this value at the tight levels claims up to qem = 3,4 kg /
cm2. At the rock, the value of bearing power is varied between 5 – 16 kg/cm2.
Table 14. Standard penetration (SPT) Test Results
Pit /
Sounding
No.
Sample
No
Depth
(m)
Water
Content
(%)
SK - 1
"
"
SK - 2
"
"
"
"
SK - 3
"
"
"
SK - 4
SPT - 2
SPT - 4
SPT - 6
SPT - 2
SPT - 4
SPT - 6
SPT - 8
SPT - 11
SPT - 1
SPT - 3
SPT - 5
SPT - 8
SPT - 1
3,00-3,45
6,00-6,45
9,00-9,45
3,00-3,45
6,00-6,45
9,00-9,45
12,00-12,45
16,50-16,95
1,50-1,95
4,50-4,95
7,50-7,95
12,00-12,13
1,50-1,95
13,7
7,8
16,1
10,1
13,6
9,6
11,6
16,7
8,0
6,4
6,0
14,5
10,9
Sieve Analysis
Soil Class
No. 4
Residue
(%)
200
Passing
(%)
LL
(%)
PL
(%)
PI
(%)
25,9
46,0
16,3
22,8
1,7
40,2
1,2
1,5
31,9
68,6
84,0
10,7
12,4
28,6
17,8
54,6
28,2
75,3
15,7
75,3
1,9
20,1
7,8
3,1
48,5
35,2
28,6
32,0
36,7
30,4
44,2
33,0
36,2
14,6
16,8
18,0
15,5
21,6
19,6
18,5
NP
15,3
NP
NP
16,7
18,3
14,0
15,2
18,7
14,9
22,6
13,4
17,7
68
Atterberg Limits
29,8
27,3
29,4
14,5
10,6
11,1
SC
GC
CL
SC
CL
SC
CL
SP
SC
GM
GW
SC
SC
"
"
"
SK-5
"
"
"
"
"
SK-6
"
"
SPT - 3
SPT - 5
SPT-7
SPT-1
SPT-3
SPT-5
SPT-7
SPT-9
SPT-11
SPT-2
SPT-4
SPT-6
4,50-4,95
7,50-7,95
10,50-10,95
1,50-1,95
4,50-4,95
7,50-7,95
10,50-10,95
13,50-13,95
16,50-16,95
3,00-3,45
6,00-6,45
9,00-9,18
9,4
9,0
10,0
15,9
16,7
14,5
14,5
21,9
27,0
11,4
20,3
9,4
23,6
23,4
27,0
8,0
1,4
21,3
2,6
2,5
3,2
14,2
6,2
23,8
10,9
2,4
6,8
53,8
75,3
35,0
71,7
69,6
58,0
60,2
53,1
13,0
NP
NP
NP
18,4
19,6
17,3
19,6
21,4
18,6
NP
16,5
NP
35,3
37,3
31,2
37,9
54,3
31,9
27,7
SW-SM
SP
SP-SM
CL
CL
SC
CL
CH
CL
ML
CL
SM
16,9
17,7
13,9
18,3
32,9
13,3
11,2
Table15. Sample Pits of Exploration Pits
Pit /
Sounding
No.
Sample
No
Depth
(m)
Water
Content
(%)
AÇ-1
AÇ-2
AÇ-3
AÇ-4
AÇ-5
AÇ-6
AÇ-7
AÇ-8
AÇ-9
AÇ-10
NUM-1
NUM-1
NUM-1
NUM-1
NUM-1
NUM-1
NUM-1
NUM-1
NUM-1
NUM-1
3,00
3,00
3,00
3,00
3,50
3,00
3,00
3,00
3,00
3,00
8,6
10,2
12,9
13,6
9,0
6,2
3,6
8,5
14,9
8,2
Sieve Analysis
No. 4
200
Residue Passing
(%)
(%)
28,5
15,8
28,1
19,0
20,3
31,8
21,1
32,5
23,9
39,2
51,6
16,0
41,0
8,3
46,7
31,9
6,6
53,1
8,7
13,8
Atterberg Limits
PL
PI
(%)
(%)
LL
(%)
30,6
29,9
31,6
34,0
30,8
30,5
26,7
33,7
29,5
15,9
16,4
16,6
17,8
15,6
NP
18,6
13,4
19,5
16,2
Soil Class
14,7
13,5
15,0
16,2
15,2
SC
SC
SC
SC
SC
GM
SW-SC
GC
CL
SC
11,9
13,3
14,2
13,3
Table 16. Core Samples- Single Axis Pressure Tests
Sample
Diameter
(mm)
Sample
Weight
(g)
Natural
Unit
Volume
Weight
(kN / m3)
Sample
Section
Area
(cm2)
Failure
Load
P
(kg)
Single
Axis
Pressure
Test
qu
(kg/cm2)
Sounding
No
Sample
No
Depth
(m)
Sample
Lenght
(mm)
SK-1
CORE -1
16,80-16,95
121
59
906,75
26,89
27,34
19821
725
SK-2
CORE -1
23,70-24,00
125
62
961,57
25,00
30,19
11563
383
"
CORE -2
24,50-24,70
128
62
936,35
23,77
30,19
8423
279
SK-3
CORE -1
16,50-16,65
59
58
421,20
26,51
26,42
2062
61,3
"
CORE -2
18,30-18,50
126
59
913,56
26,02
27,34
15857
580
SK-4
CORE -1
16,70-16,90
123
61
908,36
24,79
29,22
11865
406
"
CORE -2
24,80-25,00
125
61
882,58
23,70
29,22
6429
220
SK-5
CORE -1
22,20-22,40
123
61
900,82
24,58
29,22
9849
337
SK-6
CORE -1
20,00-20,15
120
58
851,91
26,36
26,42
18759
710
"
CORE -2
21,80-22,00
121
60
897,38
25,73
28,27
16625
588
69
Point
Loading
Test
Is
(kg/cm2)
Mineral Sources;
In the vicinity of the place where it is thought to establish the Power Plant, there is no mine
production area. There is no UG mineral richness source determined.
Tectonic movements:
Tectonic activity existed at the basin, has been severed by the effect of volcanism and the
contemporaneous volcanic material precipitated by essential debris flow process moved from its
place by breaking into pieces, by mixing with the materials derived from land.
Pelajik precipitation realized at the epochs where the medium is inactive and radiolaritine
sludge stone and argillaceous lime stone precipitated. At the Region, low angled overlaps,
reverse faults, strike slip fault (possible) and vertical faults were determined.
Landslide, avalanche flood, rock fall;
Since the field is inclined, it is inevitable to involve in the bevelled excavations. Therefore, it
is thought that, the definitely removal of the sections having slack character formed from the side
debris & Terrace Material which took part at the upper section of soil, and to have the structure
settled with a foundation system suitable to the levels with tight character located at the lower
levels of the structure or to socket that into main rock with a system made of stakes. On the soils
formed from the side debris + Terrace Material that has tight character, it is planned to apply 1/1
slope rate. By means of slope application, rock falls would be able to be prevented.
Large scale negativeness to effect the unit to be made at the Project site (such as land slide,
fault, etc.) do not actively take place at the site.
VII.2.3
Hydro geological characters and extracting (suction) value of
underground water sources with well safety, underground water levels, presently
available caisson, deep artesian well; physical and chemical specifications of water,
present and planned usage of present and planned underground water; their distances
and flow rates thereof.
Kırıkkale total water potential is 3257.5 hm3 / year as 3,250 hm3 / year surface water plus
7.5 hm3 / year underground. The process water to be needed within the scope of the project will
be taken from the caison well.
At the studies carried out at the Project site and surrounding thereof it seems to open deep
sounding well and take water wherefrom not possible due to there are no formations with aquifer
property. By thinking this negative condition, it was foreseen, instead of geological surveys
oriented to deep well, to make boring studies with caison well system. During the drilling oriented
to these studies at the river side of Kızılırmak, 12 m thick alluvium has been passed through, the
last 3 m is clayey silt. According to the free permeability tests carried out at the drill, it was
determined that was in K = 10 - 4 (low permeability) and k = 10 - 2 (permeability) degree. As a
result, for the intention to supply water to the plant, it is envisaged to open caison wells in 5 m
diameter, 10 m. deep for water supply to the plant.
70
The Kızılırmak River passes approximately 100 m nearby of the Project site. Plus, there is
no surface and / or underground water at the project site.
Related with the subject, as a consequence of in situ inspection of the DSİ 5th Regional
Directorate, the letters, dated 14.04.2011 and no. 130440, specifying that the project area is not
within the DSİ projects scope plus does not remain in the dam and lake protection area from
where drinking and service water are supplied and there is no DSİ owned Under Ground Water
operation within the project area, are enclosed herewith (See Annex - 10). Beside, as it is
mentioned in the letter, the underground waters will be protected against polluting effects, the
decree no 2008 / 13558, dated 15.04.2008 that was put into effect by publishing in the Official
gazette dated 09.05.2008 and numbered 26871, should be respected, dry brook beds with the
drainage site passing through the project area will be protected, measures will be taken for
possible flood and the water running through slopes will be collected as well.
From 7 to 10 Caisson wells shall be drilled in the scope of the project. The following are
quantities of water is planned to be use during the operation phase of the project.
Water Usage Areas
Cooling System
Losses by evaporation
Cooling System
Losses by Blowdown
Heat Recovery Steam Generator
Losses by Blowdown
m /hour
3
m /day
3
695
16680
350
8400
25
600
37
386
Process
Water
Gas Turbine Washing and Rinsing
Waters
On-Site
Sampling and Laboratory
Personal Usage
TOTAL
0.25
1,107.25
6
26,072
The water which is planned to be use during the scope of project, some analyses were
carried out with the Kızılırmak River water. Kızılırmak water analyzes results are given in the
appendix (See Annex-11). Also as a result of the on-site supervisions which were made by DSİ
5th Regional Directore teams, it is determined that there are no groundwater facilities in the region
in the scope of the project.
It is found that the groundwater level is rather deep in the field studies.
71
VII.2.4
Hydrological Properties and Surface water Sources (physical, chemical,
bacteriological and ecological specifications of lakes, fishpond, stream and other
watery areas from surface water sources, within this scope, flow rates of rivers and
seasonal variances, floods, water collecting basin, drainage, bank eco system of all
water sources, their distances and flow rates to the activity area)
Kızılırmak, that rises and flows into the sea within the boundaries of Turkey, as the biggest
river, rises from the southern of Kızıldağ, at Sivas Province at the eastern of Central Anatolia,
while that reaches to The Black Sea from Bafra cape passes through the Kırıkkale province as
well. It is 1.355 km long. The stream of river that is fed from rain and snow water is irregular.
Towards the end of July, drop starts on the water surface continue until February and start to
increase rapidly as of march. Some brooks and rivulets are added to the Kızılırmak delta where
there are a lot of large and small lakes.
8 Dams are constructed on river. These are Sarıoğlan in the province of Kayseri, the Yamula
Dam established at the Yemliha Town, the dams of Kesikköprü, Hirfanlı ve Kapulukaya near to
Ankara, The Altınkaya and Derbent dams established at the Bafra plain and the Obruk Dam
established last.
The other important water source of the Kırıkkale Province is the Delice River as one of the
Kızılırmak branches. The most important water sources feeding the Delice River are Kanak,
Kılıçözü and Budaközü. Their length through the Province is 50 km. Out of that; there is Çoruh
Özü Brook that gives some help for Irrigation of agricultural areas along the route. That’s length is
48 Km. According to the “Water Quality Research Report 2004 of the Kızılırmak Basin” that has
been prepared by the Department of DSİ Drinking and Sewerage; the Çoruh Özü Brook has a
quality class of IV, in terms of pollution elements causes spoiling of the quality of the Kızılırmak
River at the boundaries of Kırıkkale. (According to Regulation on Water Quality Control water is
classified as; Class I: High Quality Water, Class II: Less Polluted Water, Class III: Polluted Water,
Class IV: Very Polluted Water.) Further, the Balaban and Sarılıöz Brooks are connected near the
Kılıçlar Town and forms the Orkun rivulet that is 13 km long flows into the Kızılırmak near the
Irmak Town. Out of these streams, at the some brooks and rivulets are within the Kırıkkale
Province.
As an example to those the Ahılı Rivulet, Kuruçay Rivulet and Yeni Çıkan Rivulet may be
given. The Flow rates of the Kırıkkale Province take part in the following Table 17:
Table 17. The Flow Rates of essential river and Areas of in Kırıkkale Province
Flow rate (hm 3 / year)
Total (hm3 / year)
Artea (ha)
Kızılırmak River
2.500
3.250
595
Delice Brook
750
74,7
Total (ha)
669,7
(Source: Kırıkkale Province Environment Status Report)
The Kapulukaya Dam pond is the biggest artificial pond in the Kırıkkale Province. That’s
distance to the Project Area is approximately 23 km. The lake volume of the Dam, which is earth
fill dam type, at normal water level is 282.00 hm³, and the lake area is 20.70 km². That meets the
72
drinking and service water of the Kırıkkale Province. Beside, the Çipi and Danacı Bonds are the
other ponds of the province.
According to the “Water Quality Research Report 2004 of the Kızılırmak Basin” that has been
prepared by the Department of DSİ Drinking and Sewerage, according to 58 years long
observation period, the current value is 75,700 m3/s at Kızılırmak Yahşihan, between 1938 and
1996.
When it is reviewed in the terms of the variation of the NH3-N polluter parameter; at the
Kapulukaya dam outlet, the quality of water is 1st class while the same at the Çoruh Özü Rivulet
taking domestic and industrial waste waters is quality IV. At the Kızılırmak River - Yahşihan
bridge that quality is II. Class Water.
In point of NO2-N, the Kızılırmak River, at the generality of basin that has IV. Class quality.
In point of the PO4 pollution; quality of the water at the Kapulukaya dam outlet is II. Class and
the water quality of the Kızılırmak River does not changed after The Çoruh Özü Rivulet, of which
water quality is IV. Class, flows into the River, in terms of this parameter.
TDS change; at the Kapulukaya dam outlet, the water quality is quality is II. Class. Although
the water of the Çoruh Özü Rivulet that receives the sewerage wastes of Kırıkkale is II. Class,
that is saltier than the Kızılırmak River. The water of River, after Çoruh Özü and Balaban water
sources have been flowed hereinto protects its II. Class water quality as well. One of the saltier
branches of the River is the Delice River. The most evident peculiarity of the Kızılırmak River is
having salty water. In spite of River’s water is soft and drinkable at its source, especially after
Zara District, when the water bedding enters into the land with gypsum and salt, and flowing into
of southern branches, and as a consequences thereof the composition varies on a large scale.
BOD5 change; at the Kapulukaya dam outlet in terms of this parameter, the quality of water
is I. Class. On the other hand, at the Çoruh Özü Rivulet taking domestic and industrial waste
waters of Kırıkkale is quality IV. The quality of water becomes II. Class after mixing the water of
Çoruhözü into the River and after mixing the water of the Balaban brook into the River, the quality
value of the River becomes II. Class.
According to the same source data; heavy metal pollution at the basin has been traced, and
the measured values at Kapulukaya and Yahşihan’ are given below:
Fe
Mn
Cr
Cu
Pb
As
Average
0,43 mg/l
0,01 mg/l
0,013 mg/l
0,019 mg/l
0,021 mg/l
0,003 mg/l
Kapulukaya
Maximum
1,97 mg/l
0,04 mg/l
0,051 mg/lt
0,04 mg/l
0,023 mg/l
0,003 mg/lt
Fe
Mn
Cr
Cu
Pb
As
Yahşihan
Average
0,43 mg/l
0,01 mg/l
0,013 mg/l
0,019 mg/l
0,021 mg/l
0,003 mg/l
The closest surface water source to the Project Area is the Kızılırmak River at
approximately 100 m away. Within the Project area no surface water source is available.
73
Regarding with the matter, as a consequence of in situ inspection of the DSİ 5th Regional
Directorate, the letters, dated 14.04.2011 and no. 130440, specifying that the project area is not
within the DSİ projects scope plus does not remain in the dam and lake protection area from
where drinking and service water are supplied and there is no DSİ owned Under Ground Water
operation within the project area, are enclosed herewith (See Annex - 10). Beside, as it is
mentioned in the letter, the underground waters will be protected against polluting effects, the
decree no 2008 / 13558, dated 15.04.2008 that was put into effect by publishing in the Official
gazette dated 09.05.2008 and numbered 26871, should be respected, dry brook beds with the
drainage site passing through the project area will be protected, measures will be taken for
possible flood and the water running through slopes will be collected as well.
PROJECT AREA
Figure 34: Superficial water sources around the Project Area (www.cevreorman.gov.tr )
For the intention to determine the present Condition, the water samples have been taken
from the points marked in the Figure 35 at the down of the Kızılırmak River, by the Çınar
Environment Measurement and Analysis Laboratory that has been accredited by the Turkish
Accreditation Institute (TURKAK) and has the Certificate of competency for Environment
Measurement and Analysis granted by the Ministry Of Environment And Urban Planning. The
Analysis results of the Water sample is given as enclosed (See Annex – 11):
74
Figure 35: Sampling Point of Water sample
Determination of Water quality is described as follows according to the Article 8 of the
Water Pollution Control Regulation (WPCR) that was come into force on the Official Gazette
dated 31.12.2004 and numbered as 25687. Separate quality class is determined according to the
results of the analysis on the samples taken from the water source, for each parameter group
(A,B,C,D) seen on WPCR Table 1 and defined as per each parameter in that group. The lower
quality class pertains to one group defines the class of that particular group.
75
The water sample analysis results performed by Çınar Environmental Measurement and
Analysis Laboratory are given in the appendix (See Annex-11). Kızılırmak River quality
classification is submitted in the following Tablo 18 according to the analysis results and the
Article 8 of the WPCR.
Table 18. Analysis Results of the Kızılırmak River
Water Quality Parameters
Physical
and
inorganicchemical
Organic
parameters
Inorganic
pollution
parameters
bacteriological
parameters
Temperature (°C)
pH
Dissolved Oxygen (mg O2/l)
Satisfaction of Oxygen (%)
chloride (mg / l)
sulphate (mg/l)
Ammonium nitrogen (mg/l)
Nitrite Nitrogen (mg/l)
Nitrate Nitrogen (mg/l)
T. phosphorus (mg/l)
Total Dissolved Solid (mg/l)
Color (Pt - Co)
Sodium (mg/l)
KOI (mg/l)
BOİ (mg/l)
Total Organic Carbon (mg/l)
Kendall Nitrogen(mg/l)
Oil and Grease (mg/l)
detergent (MBAS) (mg/l)
phenol (mg/l)
Mineral Oil and its derivatives
(mg/l)
Total pesticide (mg/l)
Mercury (mg/l)
Cadmium (mg/l)
Lead (mg/l)
arsenic (mg/l)
Copper (mg/l)
T. Chrome (mg/l)
Chrome + 6 (mg/l)
Cobalt (mg/l)
Nickel (mg/l)
zinc (mg/l)
Total cyanide (mg/l)
fluoride (mg/l)
Free chloride
sulphate (mg/l)
Iron (mg/l)
Manganese (mg/l)
Boron (mg/l)
Selenium (mg/l)
Barium (mg/l)
Aluminum (mg/l)
fecal coliform (KOB / 100 ml)
Total coliform (KOB / 100 ml)
76
18,7
7,26
5,46
71,4
139,9
292,6
< 0,1
0,015
0,777
0,054
556
10
154,1
˂ 10
˂4
6,7
1,29
< 5,0
< 0,01
< 0,001
< 0,02
Water Quality Class
As per their
Parameters
I
I
III
II
II
III
I
III
I
II
II
II
III
I
I
II
II
I
I
I
< 0,001
0,012
0,011
0,014
0,007
< 0,01
< 0,02
< 0,02
< 0,01
< 0,02
0,005
< 0,03
0,99
˂ 0,02
< 0,1
0,198
0,02
< 0,05
< 0,002
< 0,3
< 0,1
300
1000
I
IV
IV
II
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
III
II
Result of Analysis
Quality Class
As per Groups
III
II
IV
III
VII.2.5
At the production of Present and Planned Usage of surface water sources
(Drinking, usage, irrigation water, power production, dam, lake, pond, water products
production, product range and production amounts, for the purpose of water way
transportation facilities, Tourism, sport and similar purpose, water and / or bank
usages, other usages)
The drinking and service water necessity in the Kırıkkale province is satisfied by the
Kapulukaya Dam Pond that is 25 Km to province center and 23 Km to the Project area. The dam
located on the Kızılırmak River, provides power production, drinking, service and industry water.
The dam supplies 45 m³ drinking and service water per year.
As irrigation water, the Çoruh Özü rivulet has a great deal of contribution to agricultural
areas. By means of motor pumps located on the rivulet, watering of the agricultural areas is
ensured. Out of this, the Çipi Pond located at Ahilli and the Danacı Pond located at the Sulakyurt
District has been constructed for irrigation. The water storage volume of the Çipi Pond is 0.204
hm3, used for the area irrigation of 46 ha. On the other hand, the Danacı Pond with a water
storage volume of 0.376 km3 is used for the irrigation of the 55 ha area. By means of the above
ground irrigation plants constructed 5573 ha area is watered. At the irrigation of this area, a
channel with 87,700 m length has been made. Out of this, animal drinking water and irrigation
ponds located in the province of Kırıkkale are given on the following Table 19.
Table 19.Kırıkkale Province Animal Drinking Water and Irrigation Ponds
Name of Plant
Storage Volume
Description
(m3 )
Keskin Cinali
1.100.000.000
Irrigation Pond
Balışeyh - Kösedurak
15.000.000
His Pond
Çelebi - Hacıyusuflu
22.000.000
His Pond
Keskin - Kurşunkaya
57.000.000
His Pond
Keskin - Gazibeyli
15.000.000
His Pond
Balışeyh - Bıyıkaydın
57.000.000
His Pond
Delice - Kuzeyyurt
22.000.000
His Pond
Keskin - Kavlak
15.000.000
His Pond
Balışeyh - Beyobası
100.000.000
His Pond
Sulakyurt - Kalekışla
15.000.000
His Pond
0,204 hm
3
Irrigation Pond
Sulakyurt - Danacı Pond
0,376 hm
3
Irrigation Pond (WO Tariff)
Center Karacaali
22.000.000
Ahılı - Çipi Pond
His Pond
3
Irrigation
Balışeyh - Kırlangıç
9.500.000
His Pond
Sulakyurt - Sarıkızlı
33.109.000
His Pond
Keskin - Dağsolaklısı
10.000.000
His Pond
Hasandede Pond and its
0,454 hm
Irrigation
(Source: Kırıkkale İl Environment Status Report)
77
The UG Irrigation Plants in the Kırıkkale province are Aşağı Mahmutlar and Ahılı of which
properties are given below Table 20:
Table 20. Kırıkkale Province UG Irrigation Plants
Name of Irrigation
Number of Well
Extracted water (l/s)
Irrigation Area (ha)
Aşağı Mahmutlar
8
250
220
Ahılı
6
125
230
Above ground water potential in the Kırıkkale province; the water potential of the Kızılırmak
River is 2500 hm3 / year and the same for the Delice Brook is 750 hm3 / year. The under ground
water potential is 10.5 hm3 / year. The total water potential in the province is 3260.5 hm3 / year.
The regimes of the streams in the Kırıkkale Province are not suitable for transportation, water
sports and similar purpose water and / or bank usages.
As a consequence of the in situ study of the DSİ 5th Regional Directorate as regard with the
matter, the letters, dated 14.04.2011 and no. 130440, specifying that the project area is not within
the DSİ projects scope plus does not remain in the dam and lake protection area from where
drinking and service water are supplied and there is no DSİ owned Under Ground Water
operation within the project area, are enclosed herewith (See Annex - 10).
At the Region, there is Köprükale weir belonging to ALAŞAR HES Enerji İnş. San. ve Tic.
Elek. Üre. Ltd. Şti. And the HEPP Project as well. The Köprükale weir locates at the southern
east of the said ESER NGCCPP (Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant) Project Site at
approximately 600 m distance.
Köprükale Weir and HEPP Project Feasibility Report have prepared in February 2008 and
submitted to the DSİ. However, the project formulation was rebuilt and designed as storage type
hydropower plant in the process. Therefore, Prepared Revised Feasibility Report was submitted
to the DSI and it is approved. As mentioned in the Revised Feasibility Report, Köprükale Weir
and HEPP Project is planned in the 673 m normal water altitude. The water which is arranged
with Köprükale weir in the facility shall be used with Köprükale HEPP.
Köprükale Weir and HEPP Project and ESER NGCCP Project settlement plan is given in the
appendix (See Annex-12). As can be seen in the said drawing ESER NGCCP is located
downstream of the Köprükale Weir and HEPP Project. So, there is no overlap with the project.
Therefore, ESER NGCCP Project and Köprükale Weir and HEPP Project have no negative
affects to each others.
Beside, at the end of the EIA Process, during the ESER NGCCPP construction or operation
phases, in the event of the commencement of the construction of the Köprükale HEPP Project, by
making things easier for the construction studies – meaningly, then mutual assistance would be
ensured. Similarly, at the operation phase of the Köprükale HEPP Project, no adverse effect will
be experienced.
78
VII.2.6
The living species in the lake and watercourses (natural characteristics of
these species, species taken under protection with national and international
legislation; reproduction, feeding, sheltering and living environments of these; the
decisions for protection made related to these environments)
The most important water sources of Kırıkkale Province are the Kızılırmak River and the
Delice Creek. Studies to develop fishing in the Province are on-going. In the year 1999, 50,000
mirror carps (cyprinus carpio), 19,900 common carps, 12,000 perches, and 7800 cat fish were
introduced to the Kızılırmak River, Delice Creek and Çipi Creek in an attempt to grow them. In
addition, according to the data of Provincial Agriculture Directorate, 30,000 common caps were
grown in the Keskin Cin Ali Lagoon.
The Kızılırmak River, which is the closest wetland to the project area, is 100m east of the
project area. Various fish species were determined from the literature (Kırıkkale Province
Environmental Status Report 2009, Freshwater Fish in Turkey - R. Geldiay, S. Balık) and the
questionnaires applied to the local people in addition to the field surveys performed in the points
of the Kızılırmak River that are close to the project area. These species are given in the Table 21
below.
Table 21. Kızılırmak River Fish Species
LATIN NAME
ENGLISH NAME
IUCN
Silurus glanis
Catfish
LC
Carp
VU
Pikeperch
LC
sabanejewia aurata
-
Freshwater mullet
LC
Tench
LC
Goatfish
LC
Cyprinus carpio
Stizostedion luicoperca
Orthrias angroare
Leuciscus cephalus
Tinca tinca
Barbus plebejus
In the field surveys carried out to determine the flora and fauna, 2 amphibian species were
determined. These are given in the Table 22 below.
Table 22: Amphibian species in the Kızılırmak River
END
IUCN
Habitat
Source
Bufo vieidis
-
LC
Widespread
G
European tree frog
-
LC
Trees, woody plants, bushes
L
Latin Name
English Name
AMPHIBIA
AMPHIBIA
BUFONIDAE
Bufo viridis
HYLIDAE
Hyla arborea arborea
79
Only Lacerta trilineata (the Big Green Lizard) was observed in the field surveys made in the
surroundings of the project area, and the information related to other species was obtained from
the questionnaire and literature reviews. In addition, more detailed information on the fauna types
are given in the section VII. 2.12. Flora and Fauna.
VII.2.7
Thermal and geothermal water resources
There are no thermal and geothermal water sources within Kırıkkale Provincial boundaries.
VII.2.8
Soil characteristics and use (soil structure, classification of land usability,
transport capacity, hillside stability, lubricity, erosion, use for earthworks, pasture,
meadow, etc. used as the natural vegetation)
Soils of the Kırıkkale Province consist of brown soils in general. These soils, which are brown
or grayish on the surface are fine grained and disperse easily. Lime ratio is rather high. These are
soils rich in minerals. Alluvial soils are found in the southern parts of the province on the
riversides, and these constitute thick covers in places. Inclinations are very small. They are
suitable for cropland agriculture and irrigated farming. The small amounts of precipitation in the
area and dryness is an important factor in the formation of the soil.
According to the data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Village Affairs, the total area of
Kırıkkale Province is 463,000 ha. Of this, 306,506 hectares are used for agricultural production.
In other words, proportion of the land used for agricultural purposes to the total land is 66.2%.
Among the land actively used for agriculture, the croplands have the biggest share. Classification
and distribution of the lands of the province according to use are given in the table below.
Table 23: Class Distribution of the Agricultural areas in the Kırıkkale Province
Sub
Total Agricultural
Class I
Class II
Class III
Class IV
Province
Area (ha)
(ha)
(ha)
(ha)
(ha)
Center
25.078
-
15.078
8.000
2.000
Yahşihan
11.895
-
5.400
4.000
2.495
Total
306.506
-
169.638
109.386
27.482
Source: Environmental Status Report for Kırıkkale Province, 2006
The proportion of the land usable in agriculture constitutes 66.2% of the total land. Proportion
of meadows and pastures is 15%.
Table 24:.Land use in Kırıkkale Province
Land type
Area (ha)
%Ratio
Land usable in agriculture
306,506
66.2
Meadows and pastures
69,275
15
Forests and moors
44,694
9.7
Unused land (Rocky land, roads, etc.)
42,525
9.1
Total
463,000
100
Source: Website of the Kırıkkale Provincial Governorship
80
Agricultural
Areas
Pasture Areas
Forest Areas
Unused Areas
Figure 36: Distribution of the land use in Kırıkkale Province
Distribution of the land use of Yahşihan Sub Province, where the project area is located, is
shown in graphic and table below. As we can see from these, 51.73% lands of Yahşihan Sub
Province having total 155,000 da area are consisting of Agricultural Areas.
Table 25: Distribution of Land Use in Yahşihan Sub Province
Land Use Status
Area (da)
% Rate
Agricultural Areas
80.177
51,73
Pasture Areas
39.000
25,16
Forest Areas
18.700
12,06
Other
17.123
11,05
Total Surface Area
155.000
100
Source: Website of Kırıkkale Provincial Agriculture Directorate
Agricultural
Areas
Pasture Areas
Forest Areas
Other
Figure 37: Distribution of Land Use in Yahşihan Sub Province
81
The said activity area has the qualities of meadow-pasture according to the Land Asset Map
given below in Figure 38, and other characteristics of the land including the project area are as
shown below according to the Land Asset Map:
Project Area
Figure 38: Land Asset Map
F24r.4 M VII es
:
Large Soil Group:
Reddish-brown soils, very shallow (20-0 cm), inclination 30%+, rocky soil,
very serious water erosion
Current land use:
Pasture
Land usability:
Lands not suitable for agriculture with soil processing, damage from inclination
and erosion, inadequacy of soil (rocky, salty and alkaline soil)
The project area that said facility is located in is the property of the Treasury, and no
agricultural activities are made on it. Agricultural areas were observed only alongside the
transport area in the field surveys.
Since the land is inclined, bevels shall be created, and the loose sections in the upper levels
of the ground consisting to hillside rubble and terrace materials must be removed to ensure
stability, and it is planned to sit the structure with a foundation system compliant with the tighter
characteristics of the lower elevations, or socketing it on the main rock with a pillar system. A
beveling ratio of 1/1 is planned for the excavations to be made. Falling of rocks will be prevented
and stability of the slope will be ensured with bevel application.
82
With the reasons that the land asset of 42.525 hectares is not used throughout Kırıkkale
Province and 103.578 hectares is fallow and resting lands not watered, soil is lost with erosion.
Therefore, according to the Land Asset Map, the project area is exposed to very severe water
erosion for most of the time. With this reason, drainage trenches will be opened to prevent water
erosion that might occur related to superficial water flows on the area and the possible floods in
the facilities will be discharged.
The vegetation removed during the preparation of the land shall be removed by scraping to
be used in the landscape works. The scraped vegetation shall be protected by sodding to prevent
the loss of vegetation characteristics. Following the completion of the construction works, this
vegetation shall be used in the landscape works of the facility area.
Brown Soils, Reddish- Brown Soils, Non-calcareous Soils and Colluvial Soils are found
generally in the impact area of the project.
Analyses of the soil samples collected from the project area from points shown in Figure 39
below are made Ministry of Agriculture and Village Affairs, General Directorate of Agricultural
Researches, Central Research Institute Directorate of Soil, Fertilizers and Water Resources and
NEN Mühendislik ve Lab. Hiz. Tic. Ltd. Şti, and the Analytical Reports are given in the Annex and
summarized in the Table 26 below (See Annex-13).
Figure 39: Soil sampling points
83
Table 26: Results of the Soil Analysis in the Project Area and Surroundings
Kırıkkale
Yahşihan
Eser Project
NO=1036/11
Kırıkkale
Yahşihan Eser
Project
NO=1037/12
1
2
3
4
5
Water saturation
80
33
30
39
39
Structure Class
C
L
S
L
L
EC (Ds/m)
1,067
0,976
0,488
0,737
0,738
Total Salt %
0,055
0,021
0,009
0,018
0,018
pH in soil saturated with water
7,73
7,95
8,04
8,16
8,05
Lime (CaCO3) (%)
8,63
7,85
11,99
13,62
15,21
Location of the Soil Sample and Other
Characteristics of the Sampling Location
Kırıkkale
Kırıkkale
Yahşihan Eser Yahşihan Eser
Project
Project
NO=1038/13
NO=1039/14
Kırıkkale
Yahşihan Eser
Project
NO=1040/15
Phosphorus (P2O5)
113,32
1,40
2,33
1,01
3,26
Potassium
331,30
77,10
30,11
38,51
105,60
Organic Matter
6,74
0,51
0,37
0,57
0,74
Total Nitrogen N,%
0,34
0,03
0,02
0,03
0,04
Organic Carbon
3,91
0,30
0,21
0,33
0,43
Total Nitrogen %
0,44197
0,03100
0,02824
0,02558
0,05209
Nitrate Nitrogen %
0,008016
0,008684
0,007348
0,010688
0,007348
Ammonium Nitrogen %
0,046700
0,000000
0,012692
0,000000
0,002004
Useful Nutrients of
Plants
(K2O)
Useful Iron
(Fe) ppm
8,00
1,99
1,45
2,19
1,65
Useful Copper
(Cu) ppm
1,61
0,88
0,16
0,48
0,54
Useful Zinc
(Zn) ppm
2,18
0,05
0,16
0,00
0,25
Useful Manganese
(Mn) ppm
6,18
2,98
1,94
2,20
3,93
Useful Calcium
(Ca) ppm
9043,26
8643,88
7474,72
8751,25
8278,13
Useful Magnesium
(Mg) ppm
2483,50
670,37
166,47
678,04
484,07
58,1
40,7
27,6
34,2
35,2
Total Petrol Hydrocarbons (mg/l)
The natural vegetation of Kırıkkale Province consists of plants growing in the rainy season
and drying in the dry season. Like in the majority of Middle Anatolia, step formations in the area
are formed as a result of anthropogenic (under the influence of human activities) effects with
regressive succession. Most of the plants of the region are xerophytic and halophilous. Forest
areas of Kırıkkale are very limited. Forests seen in regions like Sulakyurt, Koçubaba, Dinek
Mountain generally consists of dwarf oak and partly juniper.
VII.2.9
Agricultural areas (agricultural development project areas, special crop
plantation areas), size of the watered and dry agriculture areas, crop patterns and
annual production amounts of these)
In the lands of Yahşihan Sub Province of Kırıkkale Province including the project area,
51.73% have the qualities of agricultural area.
In Kırıkkale, various industrial plants, vegetables and fruits are grown, with crops like wheat
and barley in the first place. Grapery has a special place in the region.
84
As of the year 2007, in the agricultural plants grown in Kırıkkale, crops come in the first place
that cover the 60% of the total area with a plantation area amounting to.727.661 decares. This is
followed by oilseeds (3.5%), feed plants (0.9%) and legumes (0.8%) respectively. In Kırıkkale,
among tuber plants, only sugar beet is grown, and the plantation share of this industrial plant is
extremely low (Kırıkkale Provincial Agricultural Directorate, 2009).
Legumes
Industrial Plants
Cereals
Oil Seeds
Forage Plants
Tuber Crops
Figure 40: Distribution of Agricultural Products in Kırıkkale Province
Fruit gardens in Kırıkkale that fruits grown show diversity have a trend of decrease in the
recent years. The area or fruit gardens that totaled to 43.830 decares in 1995 decreased to
41.900 decares in 1998, to 37,530 in 2000 and to 35,840 in 2005, and were as low as 30,896
decares in 2007. Although stone fruits and pome fruits maintain their position in fruit-growing in
the province, nuts are also grown. Apart from these, grapery, which has a long history in the
region, is also practiced in the region.
Hard-shells
Stone Fruits
Grape and Berry Fruits
Pome Fruits
Figure 41. Distribution of Fruit Products of Kırıkkale Province
In the vegetable growing in the region, products more resistant against the cold weather of
the winter are grown. Together with this, the vegetables grown in Kırıkkale are diverse as a result
of the microclimatic conditions in particular. When evaluated in this respect growing of melon,
watermelon in the first place, and also tomatoes, pepper (long green pepper, banana pepper),
cucumber, spinach and eggplant dominate.
Watered agriculture is practiced on 25.40% of the agricultural land amounting to 80,177 da in
total. Proportions of watered and non-watered agriculture are given in the table below.
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Table 27: Proportions of Watered and Non-watered Agriculture
Characteristics of the land
Amount of land (da)
Percentage (%)
Amount of watered land
20.365
25,40
Amount of non-watered land
59.812
74,60
Total land
80.177
100
According to the distribution of agricultural products in Yahşihan Sub Province, it is observed
that growing crops and vegetables come in the first place. Production amounts of the agricultural
products of Yahşihan Sub Province Sub Province are given in the table below.
Table 28: Annual Production Amounts of the Agricultural Products in Yahşihan Sub Province
Agricultural Product
Production amount (da)
Crops
Legumes
39.500
375
Feed Plants
1.500
Industrial Plants
2.000
Vegetables
9.550
Fruits
1.252
Fallow
26.000
Source: Provincial Agricultural Directorate
There are agricultural areas in the influence area of the Project in places, and meadowspastures in places. Damages of the inclination and erosion are seen in most of the agricultural
areas within the influence area of the Project, and dry agriculture with fallowing is practiced in the
majority of the land, watered agriculture and vegetable growing is practiced in a portion.
Project area is planned to be established on an area of approximately 227.000 square
meters in Kırıkkale Province, Yahşihan Sub Province within the boundaries of Kılıçlar Municipality
on block 103, parcel 6.
Related to the said project area, the EIA Investigation and Assessment Report obtained from
Kırıkkale Forestry Operation Chief Office and the Stand Structure Map are submitted in the
annex. (See Annex-3) As stated there, the said project area is within the forest area, and the
permits shall be obtained accordance with the Article 17/3 which is in the Forestry Law before
commencing any activities on the land.
86
However, in the field surveys, no forest assets were seen and the natural flora was observed
as the flora special for steppe. In addition, according to the Environmental Plan included in the
annex, the activity area is on the meadow-pasture land. (See Annex-4) Also in the letter of
Kırıkkale Provincial Special Administration, which is also included in the annex, it is stated that
the project area is included in the meadow-pasture land according to the Environmental Plan, and
there are no drawbacks provided that the provisions of the Environmental Plan and relevant lase
and regulations and related permits are obtained from relevant authorities. (See Annex-5)
Therefore, Soil Conservation Project which shall be approved by applying of Kırıkkale Provincial
Directorate of Agriculture shall be carried out.
VII.2.10
Forest areas (types and quantities of trees, amount of the land covered
and closeness of the land, the existing or planned protection for these and/or purposes
for use), the Stand Structure Map in 1/25.000 scale, if outside the forest area, entry of
the distance to the closest forest area from the project area,
The said project area is a land not rich in forests. In the entire province, the total forest area
is 51,222 ha, out of which 16,527 ha correspond to normal wood and 34,695 ha correspond to
coppice. This rate constitutes 11.06% of Kırıkkale Province. If the area afforested between 1976
and end of 2004 totaling to 11,307 ha is included in this amount, the percentage of forests
increase to 13.51%.
Table 29: Distribution of Forest in the Kırıkkale Province in 2006 according to Operation Figures
Wood
Forest Area
Kırıkkale
Province
Coppice
Total
Normal
Bozuk
Normal
Bozuk
Productive
(ha)
(ha)
(ha)
(ha)
Forest (ha)
5,817
10,710
1,603
31,401
7,420
Total Spoiled
Forest (ha)
43,801
Total
Forest
Area (ha)
49,531
Open
Total
Area
Area
486,926
536,457
Source: Kırıkkale Forest Operations Chief Office
The EIA Investigation and Assessment Report obtained from Kırıkkale Forest Operations
Chief Office and the Stand Structure Map are submitted in the Annex. (See Annex-3) As stated
there, the said project area is within the forest area and the permits shall be obtained accordance
with the Article 17/3 which is in the Forestry Law before commencing any activities on the land.
87
Before commencing the construction works, the landscape works will be performed on the
activity area, and the construction works will be started after this. The excavation soil removed
during the landscaping and construction works will be used in the filling works in the first place. It
shall not be deposited around the project area or in any forest area.
No trees will be cut in the project area. Improvement and widening works will be performed
on the access road to the project area. Cutting trees will be avoided as much as possible in these
areas.
The permits required in the frame of Forest Law numbered 6831 shall be obtained before
commencing the construction works related to the said activity.
The required tolls to be used against any possible fires shall be kept in the activity area. The
required measured for the protection of fire shall be taken, and intervention of the firefighting
vehicles to the fire within the shortest time possible shall be ensured. The personnel working in
the operation and construction stages within the scope of ESER NGCCP project shall work in
coordination with the teams of Regional Directorate of Forestry in case of any fire.
VII.2.11
Protection areas (National Parks, Nature Parks, Wetlands (determining the
protection band for the watercourse related to the Kızılırmak River and making the
related assessments), Nature Monuments, Nature Protection Areas, Wildlife Protection
Areas, Biogenetic Reserve Areas, Biosphere Reserves, Natural Sit and Monuments,
Historical and Cultural Sits, Special Environmental Protection Areas, Tourism Areas
and Centers, areas under the coverage of the Pastures Law)
In consideration of the project area in the frame of the Environmental Impact Assessment
Regulations, Annex-V, Sensitive Areas published in the Official Gazette dated 17.07.2008 and
numbered 26939;
1. Areas that should be protected according to the legislation of our country
a) “National Parks”, “Natural Parks”, “Nature Monuments” and “Nature Protection Areas”
defined in the Article 2 of the National Parks Law dated 9/8/1983 and numbered 2873,
There are no “National Parks”, “Nature Parks”, “Nature Monuments” and “Nature Protection
Areas” within and around the project area.
b) “Wildlife Protection Areas and Wild Animal Growing Areas” determined by the Ministry of
Forestry according to the Hunting Law dated 1/7/2003 and numbered 4915
There are no “Wildlife Protection Areas and Wild Animal Growing Areas” within and around
the project area.
88
c) Areas determined and registered according to the article 3, first paragraph of the Law Act
related to the Protection of Cultural and Natural Assets dated 21/7/1983 and numbered 2863,
defined as “Cultural Assets”, ”Natural Assets”, “Sit and Protection Areas” under the headline
“Definitions”, paragraph (a), items 1, 2, 3, and 5 and the related articles of the same law and the
Law Act numbered 3386 amending the law act numbered 2863 and dated (Law Act Amending
some of the Articles of the Law Act numbered 2863 related to the Protection of the Cultural and
Natural Assets and Adding Some Articles to the Said Law),
The cultural assets in the Yahşihan Sub Province and their approximate distances to the
project area are given below:
Cultural Asset
Location
Railway Station (Monument Building)
Kılıçlar Town
Primary School Building (Monument Building) Kılıçlar Town
Railway Station, Lodgments and Depot Irmak Town
Buildings (Monument Building)
Mahmutlar Village (Archeological Sit)
Distance to the Project
area
6 km.
6 km.
4 km.
6 km.
There are no cultural or natural assets within the project area, and in case any cultural or
natural assets are found out during the construction stage of the project, the Provincial
Directorate of Culture and Tourism shall be notified.
d) Water Products Production and Growth Areas within the scope of the Water Products Law
dated 22/3/1971 and numbered 1380,
The Kızılırmak River, Delice Creek, Cinali Lagoon, Ahılı Watering Lagoon and Beyobası
Lagoon are Water Products Production and Growth Areas within the scope of the Water Products
Law numbered 1380.
The process water to be used in the ESER NGCCP that is the subject matter of the project
will be provided from the caisson well. The wastewater in the quality of household waste
originating from facilities and the process wastewater shall be discharged to the Kızılırmak River
after being treated according to the related provisions of the Water Pollution Control Regulations.
Since the cooling system included in the activity scope will operate in a closed cycle, water
shall be required at first and for once, and the losses from evaporation and blow-down water shall
be supplemented. Since the cooling system is a closed cycle, the cooling water shall not be
discharged to the Kızılırmak River.
Therefore, no negative impacts are expected from the project on the Kızılırmak River.
89
e) Areas defined in the article 17of the Water Pollution Control Regulations announced in the
Official Gazette dated 4/9/1988 and numbered 19919 and the articles 18, 19 and 20 of the same
as amended by the Regulations announced in the Official Gazette dated 1/7/1999 and numbered
23742
According to the data of Kırıkkale Mayoralty, expropriation of the protection areas for the
Kapulukaya Dam, providing the drinking and process water for the province according to the
related articles of Water Pollution Control Regulations have not been made yet. There are no
areas defined in the article 17of the Water Pollution Control Regulations announced in the Official
Gazette dated 4/9/1988 and numbered 19919 and the articles 18, 19 and 20 of the same as
amended by the Regulations announced in the Official Gazette dated 1/7/1999 and numbered
23742.
Letter of the Fifth Regional Directorate of DSI dated 14.04.2011 and numbered 130440 after
the on-site investigation related to the issue stating that the project area is not included in the DSİ
Projects, and is not included in the protection areas of dams and lakes that drinking and process
water is supplied from and that there are no under ground water operations belonging to DSİ
within the project area are given in the annex (See Annex-10).
f) The “Sensitive Pollution Areas” defined in the article 49 of the Regulations for the
Protection of Air Quality published in the Official Gazette dated 2/11/1986 and numbered 19269,
There are no areas defined as the “Sensitive Pollution Areas” in the Kırıkkale Province.
g) Areas determined and announced by the Council of Ministers as “Special Environmental
Protection Areas” according to article 9 of the Environment Law dated 9/8/1983 and numbered
2872,
There are no areas in the Kırıkkale Province determined and announced as “Special
Environmental Protection Areas”.
h) Areas taken under protection according to the Boğaziçi Law dated 18/11/1983 and
numbered 2960,
There are no areas in the Kırıkkale Province taken under protection according to the
Boğaziçi Law.
i) Areas considered as forest areas according to the Forest Law dated 31/8/1956 and
numbered 6831
In the Kırıkkale Province;
Forest area of 16.552 ha is present within the coverage of Sulakyurt Forest Operations Chief
Office and forest area of 8622 ha is present within the coverage of Delice Forest Operations
Chief Office. The existing forest trees are Black Pine, Oak, and Juniper. In addition, there are
small trees and shrubs like blackthorn and spruce.
90
Related to the said project area, the EIA Investigation and Assessment Report obtained from
Kırıkkale Forestry Operation Chief Office and the Stand Structure Map are submitted in the
annex. (See Annex-3) As stated there, the said project area is within the forest area, and the
required permits shall be obtained from the Kırıkkale Forestry Operation Chief Office before
commencing any activities on the land.
there are no drawbacks provided that the provisions of the Environmental Plan and relevant law
j) Areas that constructions are prohibited according to the Law Act Concerning Shores
dated 4/4/1990 and numbered 3621,
In Kırıkkale province, surroundings of the Kapulukaya Dam is the absolute protection area
according to the Law Act Concerning Shores dated 4/4/1990 and numbered 3621, and
constructions are prohibited there. The distance of the Dam to the project area is 23.
k) Areas mentioned in the Law Act Concerning Rehabilitation of Olive Trees and Budding of
the Wild Trees dated 26/1/1939 and numbered 3573,
Olive production is not made in Kırıkkale Province. There are no areas stated in the Law Act
Concerning Rehabilitation of Olive Trees and Budding of the Wild Trees within and around the
project area.
l)
Areas stated in the Pasture Law dated 25/2/1998 and numbered 4342,
According to the data of the Provincial Directorate of Agriculture, the pasture areas that
determination and limit determinations have been completed according to the Pasture Law
numbered 4342 amounts to 384 hectares in Bahşılı Sub Province, 1867 hectares in Çelebi Sub
Province, 384 hectares in Karakeçili Sub Province, 205 hectares in Yahşihan Sub Province 1308
hectares in the Center.
As stated in the EIA Investigation and Assessment Report obtained from Kırıkkale Forestry
Operation Chief Office, the project area is within the forest area, and the required permits shall be
obtained from the Kırıkkale Forestry Operation Chief Office before commencing any activities on
the land.
91
m) Areas stated in the “Regulations for the Protection of Wetlands” that was put into force by
being published in the Official Gazette dated 17/5/2005 and numbered 25818,
There are no areas in the Kırıkkale Province included in the list of “Wetlands with
International Importance”.
The nearest wetland to the project area is the Kızılırmak River at a distance of 100 m in the
east.
discharged to the Kızılırmak River. Therefore, no negative impacts are expected from the project
on the Kızılırmak River.
In the letter of Fifth Regional Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSİ) dated 14.04.2011
and numbered 130440 after the on-site survey related to the issue stating that the project area is
not included in the scopes of DSİ Projects, it is not included in the protection area of dams and
lakes that drinking and utilization water is supplied from, and that there are no Under Ground
Water operations belonging to DSİ is included in the Annex (See Annex-10).
The term “protection band for watercourses” has been introduced within the scope of the
Regulations Amending the Regulations Related to the Protection of the Wetlands that was put
into force by being announced in the Official Gazette dated 26.08.2010 and numbered 27684,
and according to the article 23 of said Regulations, “performance of the activities in the protection
bands of the seasonal and permanent watercourses is subject to the approval of the General
Directorate. In these areas, for the activities listed in Bu Annex-1 and Annex-2, application shall
be made to the Ministry using the form determined by the Ministry, and the approval certificate is
given to the applicant if the application is accepted.” Based on this, the Application form in the
said ANNEX-2 has been filled for the said project and application is made to the Kırıkkale
Provincial Directorate for Environment and Forests. The Provincial Directorate for Environment
and Forests has notified the Ministry of Forests and Water Affairs, General Directorate of Nature
Protection and National Parks that the activity area is within the Watercourse Protection Band;
however, provided that the required measures are taken during the construction and operation
stages of the project, they considered the project positively. (See Annex-22)
92
2. Areas to be protected according to the international agreements that our country is
a part of
a) Conservation areas I and II stated in the “Reproduction Areas of Important Sea Turtle
Species” that are taken under protection under the “Treaty for the Conservation of the European
Wildlife and Habitat” “the BERN Treaty” that was put into force by being published in the Official
Gazette dated 20/2/1984 and numbered 18318, “Habitat and Reproduction Areas of
Mediterranean Seal”,
There are not conservation areas in the Kırıkkale Province under the “Treaty for the
Conservation of the European Wildlife and Habitat” (the BERN Treaty).
b) Conservation areas taken under protection under the “Treaty for the Conservation of
Mediterranean Against Pollution” (Barcelona Treaty) that was put into force by being published in
the Official Gazette dated 12/6/1981 and numbered 17368
There are not conservation areas in the Kırıkkale Province determined under the “Treaty for
the Conservation of Mediterranean against Pollution” (Barcelona Treaty)
ı) Areas determined as the “Special Conservation Areas” in our country according to the
“Protocol Related to the Protection of Special Conservation Areas in the Mediterranean”
published in the Official Gazette dated 23/10/1988 and numbered 19968,
There are not conservation areas determined as the “Special Conservation Areas” in the
Kırıkkale Province determined under the “Protocol Related to the Protection of Special
Conservation Areas in the Mediterranean”.
ıı) Areas included in the “100 Coastal Historical Sit Areas with Common Importance in the
Mediterranean” selected according to the Geneva Declaration dated 13/9/1985 and published by
the United Nations Environmental Program,
Kırıkkale Province has no coastal areas in the Mediterranean
ııı) Coastal Areas as the habitat and feeding areas of “Sea Species Facing the Risk of
Extinction” stated in the article 17 of the Geneva Declaration
Kırıkkale Province has no coastal areas in the Mediterranean
c) Cultural, historical and natural areas taken under protection by the Ministry of Culture
granted with the status of “Cultural Inheritance” or “Natural Inheritance” according to the articles 1
and 2 of the “Treaty for the Protection of the Cultural and Natural Inheritance of the World” that
was put into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 14/2/1983 and numbered
17959,
According to the data of the Provincial Directorate for Culture and Tourism, there are no
areas taken under protection by the Ministry of Culture in our province. There are no Cultural,
historical and natural areas granted with the status of “Cultural Inheritance” or “Natural
Inheritance” within or around the project area.
93
d) Areas taken under protection according to the “Treaty for the Conservation of Wetlands
with International Importance as the Habitat of the Water Birds in Particular” (the RAMSAR
Treaty) put into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 17/05/1994 and numbered
21937,
There are no areas taken under protection according to the “Treaty for the Conservation of
Wetlands with International Importance as the Habitat of the Water Birds in Particular” (the
RAMSAR Treaty) within or around the project area.
e) Areas that must be protected according to the European Landscape Treaty put into force
by being published in the Official Gazette dated 27/7/2003 and numbered 25181
There are no areas taken under protection according to the European Landscape Treaty
within or around the project area.
3. Areas of Protection
a) Areas determined in the Approved Environmental Plans as the areas that the existing
characteristics will be protected and that constructions are prohibited (Biogenetic reserve areas,
geothermal areas, and the like that the natural characteristics shall be protected),
There are no areas the areas that the existing characteristics will be protected and that
constructions are prohibited according to the Approved Environmental Plans in 1/100,000 scale
(See Annex-4).
b) ,Agricultural Areas: Agricultural development areas, areas that are or can be watered, and
areas included in land usability classes of I, II, III and IV, classes I and II used in precipitationdependent agriculture and the entire portion of the special crop plantation areas,
As stated in the EIA Investigation and Assessment Report obtained from Kırıkkale Forestry
Operation Chief Office and the Stand Structure Map are submitted in the annex, and permits shall
be obtained accordance with the Article 17/3 which is in the Forestry Law before commencing
any activities on the land.
According to the Environmental Plan included in the annex, the project area is on the
meadow-pasture land. (See Annex-4) Also in the letter of Kırıkkale Provincial Special
Administration, which is also included in the annex, it is stated that the project area is included in
the meadow-pasture land according to the Environmental Plan, and there are no drawbacks
provided that the provisions of the Environmental Plan and relevant lase and regulations and
related permits are obtained from relevant authorities. (See Annex-5)
Following the completion of the EIA Process, the application required according to the Soil
Protection and Land Use Law Act will be made to the Provincial Directorate of Agriculture as
stated in the letter of the Provincial Directorate of Agriculture dated 10.06.2011 and numbered
2130. There are no special crop plantation areas within or around the project area.
94
c) Wetlands: Natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, waters being still or flowing, fresh,
bitter, or salty, depth not exceeding 6m in the low tide, all the waters important as the habitats of
all the living beings with water birds in the first place, marshy, reedy, or peet moots and the areas
starting from the shoreline of these areas towards the landside that continue as wetlands,
The wetland of the Kızılırmak River is at 100 m east of the project area.
Therefore, no negative impacts are expected from the project on the Kızılırmak River.
In addition, the letter of Fifth Regional Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSİ) dated
14.04.2011 and numbered 130440 after the on-site survey related to the issue stating that the
project area is not included in the scopes of DSİ Projects, it is not included in the protection area
of dams and lakes that drinking and utilization water is supplied from, and that there are no Under
Ground Water operations belonging to DSİ is included in the Annex (See Annex-10).
d) Lakes, rivers, underground water operation areas,
While there are no natural lakes in the Kırıkkale Province, the biggest artificial lake in the
province is the Kapulukaya Dam Lagoon. In addition, the Kızılırmak River and the Delice Creek
are the most important watercourses in the province. In addition, the Kızılırmak River is the
biggest river in Turkey. The total water potential in the Kırıkkale Province is 3260,5 hm 3/year. Of
this, 3250 hm3/year comes from surface waters, and 10.5 hm3/year comes from underground
waters.
While there are no lakes and underground water operation areas within and around the
project area, the nearest watercourse to the project area is the Kızılırmak River at about 100 m
east.
e) Areas that are the habitats of the species that are important for scientific researches
and/or under current or possible risk of extinction and species that are endemic for our country,
biosphere reserves, biotopes, biogenetic reserve areas, areas with unique or geomorphologic
formations,
There are no Areas that are the habitats of the species that are important for scientific
researches and/or under current or possible risk of extinction and species that are endemic for
our country, biosphere reserves, biotopes, biogenetic reserve areas, areas with unique or
geomorphologic formations within or around the project area.
95
VII.2.12
Flora and Fauna (species, particularly the local endemic species, animal
species living in the area naturally, species taken under protection according to
national and international legislation (Bern Treaty ANNEX-I and ANNEX-II), rare species
and those under the risk of extinction and their habitats, names, populations of the
hunted animals and the decisions of the Central Hunting Committee related to these
animals), showing the vegetation types in the project area on a map. The measures to
be taken required for the living beings that will be affected from the project and works
(in the construction and operation stages). Performing the vegetation studies in the
field in the period of vegetation and stating this period, furthermore, using the data
from the current sources (2010-2011 data) of the Data Services of Plants in Turkey
(TUBİVES) in the literature studies on the flora, Indicating the species found in the
field, species found in the questionnaires and interviews, and the species taken from
the literature separately, information related to the Sea Ecosystem (indicating the
points for drawing and discharging water, quality of the cooling water to be discharged
to the recipient environment and its effects on the marine ecosystem)
FLORA
The project area is located in the B4 square in the Davis’ grid system (Flora of Turkey and
the East Aegean Islands) and is included in the Central Anatolian Region. The squaring system
of Davis is shown in the Figure 42 below:
Figure 42: Squaring System of Davis
96
The Yahşihan Sub Province, Kırıkkala Province including the project area is under the
influence of Iran-Turan Phyto-geographical region. The dominant vegetation type in the area that
continental climate is observed and is general is steppe. There are forest areas consisting or
dwarf oaks and junipers in Koçubaba in the north and in in Değnek Mountain in the south, which
are parts of Kırıkkale that have survived from destruction. These areas are coppice forests, and
are generally have lost their qualities because of destruction. Most of the vegetation in the area
are xerophytic and halophilous. Plants generally grow in the province include veronica, sesame,
carnation, daisy, absinth, blackthorn, mullein, euphorbia, bluebell, wild licorice, üzerik, mint,
blueberry, sting nettle hibiscus, licorice, soap worth, dog rose, madımak, mallow, mustard and
thyme.
Because of the differences of topographic structure and climatic characteristics, Turkey is
under the influence of 3 floristic regions. As seen in the figure below, these include: MED.Mediterranean, IR-TUR Irano-Turan and EUR-SIB- Euro-Siberia regions. In the phytosociological sense, the project area is under the influence of Iran-Turan phyto-geographical
region.
W.A : West Anatolia Region
C.A. : Central Anatolia
E.A: East Anatolia (Mes. Mesopotomia)
X: Probably Middle European/Balkan Subregion of European-Siberian Region
IR-TUR: Irano-Turanien Region
EUR-SIB (EUX): European-Siberian Region (auxin subregion)
MED: Mediterranean Region (East Mediterrean subregion)
Col. : Auxin Subregion (Colchic Sector)
T. : Taurus Region
A. Amanos Region
Figure 43: Phyto-geographical Region Map of Turkey
(Davis P.H., Harper P.C. and Hege I.C. (eds.), 1971. Plant Life of South-West Asia. The Botanical Society of Edinburg
97
In the Figure 44 below, the Vegetation Map of Turkey is given. The project area is
approximately included in the portion shown as the steppe areas. In the field surveys however, it
was observed that the dominant vegetation is steppe, forests have been replaced by herbaceous
plants and shrubs. Together with this, the marshy and reedy plants found in the Kızılırmak banks
are found also in the vicinity of the project area.
Approximate Project Area
Figure 44: Vegetation Map of Turkey
As observed in the field surveys, steppe vegetation is widely dominant in the region, and
forest areas were not seen.
The flora elements determined according to the studies performed in the project area and
literature reviews are the species generally observed in the steppe vegetation. Most of these are
annual or perennial herbaceous, shrubby, or thorns; flora elements unique for the region can also
be seen, although intense plant vegetation is not formed on the banks of the Kızılırmak River.
However, the road passing alongside the river divides this structure; therefore, these species
have not been able to spread widely. The road between the project area and the Kızılırmak River
constitutes a natural protection band.
The field surveys made to determine the flora of the project area and surroundings were
supported by the literature reviews later, and the species found are given in the table below. The
Latin and Turkish names, endemism status, hazard classes, the phytogeographic regions they
belong, their habitat, abundance in the project area and surroundings, way of determining and
statuses according to contracts are indicated. TÜBİVES was used to determine the species (Data
Services for the Plants in Turkey), and the “Turkish Plant Names Dictionary” (Baytop,1994) was
made use of to find the names in Turkish.
98
Table 30: Species of the Flora
FAMILY
SPECIES
Turkish Name
ACANTHACEAE
Acanthus hirustus
Ayın Pençesi
ALISMATACEAE Alisma lanceolatum
APIACEAE
Biforia radians
Yabani Kişniş
(UMBELLIFERAE)
Bupleurum rotundifolium
Echinophora tournefortii
Tahran otu
Eryngium
campestre
var. Çakır Dikeni
campestre
Scandix
australis
subsp. Fesçi tarağı
grandiflora
APOCYNACEAE Vinca herbacea
Cezayir Menekşesi
ASTERACEAE
Achillea setacea
Yılandili
Achillea wilhelmsii
Civanperçemi
Anthemis austriaca
Papatya
Artemisia spicigera
Yavşan
Cichorium intybus
Yabani Hindiba
Cnicus benedictus
Bostan Otu
Centaurea solstitialis subsp. Zerdali Dikeni
solstitialis
Centaurea virgata
Yanardöner
Crepis sancta
Radika
Echinops ritro
Topuz
Onopordum acanthium
Eşek Dikeni
Senecio vulgaris
Kanarya Otu
BORANGIACEAE Alkanna orientalis
Echium italicum
Engerek otu
END
IUCN
FCB
1
X
2
3
4
X
5
Locality
6
7
X
8
X
X
X
X
İran-Turan
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
İran-Turan
X
X
X
İran-Turan
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1
X
400-2000
500-1750
2
3
X
A
L
0-1800
X
X
X
X
0-1900
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
100-2000
0-2450
0-2100
600-1600
0-700
600-2600
700-1000
L
A
X
X
X
X
X
5
A
400-2000
0-2300
500-2200
1000-2000
300-2000
0-3050
400-1400
X
X
BERN Determin
ation
X
X
X
X
X
X
4
X
30-1300
İran-Turan
X
(m)
800-1800
0-1850
Abundance
700-1800
X
X
X
X
X
X
Avrupa-Sibirya
İran-Turan
99
Habitat
A
X
X
X
X
X
X
A
L
A
A
A
L
A
L
X
A
X
L
L
A
A
L
A
A
X
X
X
X
X
X
FAMILY
SPECIES
Turkish Name
END
IUCN
FCB
Habitat
1
Crambe orientalis
Sinapis arvensis
CARYOPHYLLAC Arenaria leptoclados
EAE
CONVOLVULAC Convolvulus arvensis
EAE
ELAEAGNACEAE Elaeagnus angustifolia
EUPHORBIACEA Euphorbia macroclada
E
FABACEAE
Astragalus lanatus
Colutea cilicica
Onobrychis viciifolia
Trifolium arvense
Vicia sativa
LAMIACEAE
Marrubium vulgare
Teucrium polium
MALVACEAE
Alcea pallida
Malva neglecta
PAPAVERACEAE Papaver commutatum
POACEAE
Bromus tectorum
Echinochloa cruss-galli
Hordeum murinum
Stipa lessingiana
Phragmites australis
Polypogon viridis
Setaria viridis
İran-Turan
BRASSICACEAE
3
4
X
5
6
Tarla hardalı
Kum otu
Geven
Patlangaç
Korunga
Yonca
Fiğ
Boz Ot
Acı Yavşan
Hatmi
Ebegümeci
Gelincik
Brom
Darıca Otu
Pisi pisi Otu
Sorguç Otu
8
X
Gündüz sefası
İğde
Sütleğen
7
X
X
X
X
İran-Turan
X
İran-Turan
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
İran-Turan
X
X
X
Europe-Siberia
Europe-Siberia
X
X
X
Tilkikuruğu
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
(m)
500-2800
0-1800
Abundance
1
2
X
X
X
3
X
X
X
0-1500
4
BERN Determin
ation
5
A
L
A
X
0-3050
X
100
2
Locality
A
0-3000
X
A
250-2500
X
L
X
L
L
L
A
A
A
A
L
L
A
L
A
A
L
A
A
A
1500-2700
100-2000
0-1700
0-2300
0-1600
0-1400
0-2050
300-1500
0-2000
1000-1800
0-2000
0-2080
0-900
100-3000
0-2400
50-1300
0-2300
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
FAMILY
SPECIES
Turkish Name
END
IUCN
FCB
1
RANUNCULACEAE
RESEDACEAE
ROSACEAE
Ranunculus arvensis
Reseda lutea
Agrimonia eupatoria
Amygdalus communis
Pyrus elaeagnifolia
RUBIACEAE
Galium aparine
SCROPHULARIACEAE Gratiola officinalis
Verbascum tossiense
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
Peganum harmala
Tribulus terrestris
Düğün çiçeği
Muhabbet çiçeği
Koyun Otu
Badem
Ahlat
Y
LR(lc)
Habitat
4 5
X
X
6
7
8
X
X
X
X
X
Europe-Siberia
Sığırkuyruğu
Üzerlik
Demir Dikeni
The phyto-geographical area that the
species belong
END: Endemism
L: Local Endemic
B: Regional Endemic
Y: Widely Endemic
Address of the plant, height
Determination: Way of determination of the plant
A: From the field survey
L: From Literature review
Habitat Classes:
1.Forest
2.Maquis
3.Frigana
4.Culture areas (Cropland, gardens, etc.)
5.Pasture
6.Wet meadow, marsh, wetlands
7.Steppe
8. Stony and rocky
X
X
X
X
X
X
Covering abundance level
IUCN: Danger classification
Sources:
Davıs, P.H. Flora Of Turkey 1-8, Josef Donner Linz
Red Data Book Of Turkısh Plants’Türkiye Tabiatı Koruma Derneği ve Van 100. Yıl Üniversitesi 2000’
TÜBİVES (Türkiye Bitkileri Veri Servisi)
Türk Dil Kurumu Yayını ‘Türkçe Bitki Adları Sözlüğü’
101
3
X
X
X
FCB (Phyto-geographical region):
Locality:
2
X
Locality
(m)
0-1850
0-2000
0-2300
0-1800
0-1700
30-1800
40-1400
80-1700
0-1500
0-1200x
1
Abundance
BERN
2 3 4 5
X
X
Determination
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1.Very rare
2.Rare
3.Medium-level abundant
4.Abundant
5.Very abundant or makes pure population
Ex: Extinct Endemic Species
Ew: Extinct in wild CR: Critically endangeredEN: EndangeredVU: VulnerableLR: Lower Riskcd
Requires protection measures
nt
May be endangered
lc
Least concern
DD: Data DeficientNE: Not Evaluated
L
A
L
A
L
L
A
L
A
L
List of the plant species found or possibly found in the project area and surroundings are
given above in tables. Accordingly, on endemic plant species was determined that is possibly
found in the area. This species is Verbascum tossiense, and its danger class in the Red Data
Book for the Plants in Turkey is LR(lc)’dir. LR category is used for the species under the least
danger and is divided into 3 sub categories. Verbascum tossiense is included in the lc sub
category. “lc” means “the least concern”. The remaining species are not yet categorized in
the Red Data Book.
Distribution in Turkey of the endemic species found and status according to squares are
given in the table below.
Table 31: Distribution in Turkey of the endemic species found in the project area
Species
Distribution in Turkey
Verbascum
tossiense
(Sığırkuyruğu)
North and Middle
Anatolia
According to squares
(Source: http://turkherb.ibu.edu.tr/)
Verbascum tossiense, named Sığırkuyruğu in Turkish, is a perennial herbaceous plant,
and is generally found in Quercus shrubberies, steppes and culture areas.
Photographs of the Verbascum;
(Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Verbascum_nigrum_02.jpg)
102
FAUNA
Wildlife groups found/ possible to be found in the activity area are given in the lists
below. The mammal fauna was examined under 4 headlines in general: Birds (Aves),
Mammals (Mamalia), Reptiles (Reptilia) and Amphibians (Amphibia)
Field surveys and literature reviews were made to determine the species. For the
literature reviews on the Amphibians, Reptiles, and Mamals, the work of Prof. Dr. Ali
Demirsoy, “Türkiye Omurgalıları, Amfibiler - Sürüngenler - Memeliler” was made use of. In
addition ‘The IUCN Red List of the Threatened Species’, database in the official website of
IUCN was also made use of.
The Red Data Book categories for the species under protection according to IUCN:
EX (Extinct)
Extinct taxon
EW (Extinct in the wild)
Taxon extinct in the wild
CR (Critically Endangered)
Taxon critically endangered
EN (Endangered)
Taxon endangered
VU (Vulnerable)
Taxon vulnerable to extinction in the wild
NT (Near Threatened)
Taxon under near threaten
LC (Least concern)
Widespread taxon with high population (Low risk)
DD (Data deficient)
Taxon with insufficient data for an assessment of extinction danger
according to spread and/or population (Deficient data)
NE (Not Evaluated)
Taxon not evaluated
As a supplementary source in the determination of the bird species found in the
project area and vicinity, and in the determination of the bird species that can possible be
found, work of R. F. Porter, S. Christensen, P. Schiermacker-Hansen - ‘Türkiye ve
Ortadoğu’nun Kuşları – Arazi Rehberi (2009) was made use of. In addition, for classification
according to the categories of the ‘European Vertebrate Red Data Book, work of Prof. Dr.
İlhami Kiziroğlu, Türkiye Kuşları Kırmızı Listesi (2008) was made use of.
İ. Explanations of the danger classes used by Kiziroğlu:
 Birds brooding in Turkey; that is, the bird species included in the category ‘A’, these
are either whole-year species, or they are summer immigrants, that is, the species that leave
Turkey after brooding.
A.1.0: These are undoubtedly extinct species that are not seen n the wild anymore.
A.1.1: Species with extinct wild populations, these are maintained with the human
support and protection.
A.1.2: Species with much reduced populations in Turkey. These are species that must
be protected by all means since they are under great danger of extinction.
A.2: Species under great danger of extinction.
A.3: These are vulnerable for extinction and are species with a high risk of extinction in
the wild.
103
A.3.1: These are species that the population is reducing in the regions that are observed
according to the previous records.
A.4: Species with a decrease in the local population, and tend to face the risk of
extinction in time.
A.5: Species that the observed populations are not decreasing and that are not
endangered currently.
A.6: Species that are not sufficiently investigated and that related reliable data are
missing.
A.7: Assessment for these species is not currently possible, because records related to
these species are not fully accurate and reliable.
 ‘B’ group species are either wintertime visitors or transit migrants. These species are
also under the great risk of extinction, and shall be assessed exactly like the ‘A’ group.
Therefore, the scales of B.1.0-B.7 are used for the species in the ‘B’ group also.
Species of birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians that are found or possible found in
the project area and surroundings are given in the tables below. Together with the danger
categories and habitats of the species, their statuses in the lists according to various national
and international legislation, CITES (Contract Related to the International Trading of Wild
Animal and Plant Species under the Risk of Extinction), Bern Treaty (Treaty for the
Conservation of the European Wildlife and Habitats) and MAK decisions of 2011-2012 are
also given in the tables below.
In addition, Law on Land Hunting numbered 4915 and relevant regulations shall be
complied during the project activities.
104
Table 32. Fauna Tablesu/ Kuşlar (Aves)
Turkish Name
IUCN
CITES
BERN
Treaty
A.3.1
-
Long-legged Buzzard
A.3
Common Kestrel
Latin Name
AVES
CICONIIDAE
Ciconia ciconia
ACCIPITRIDAE
Buteo rufinus
FALCONIDAE
Falco tinnunculus
PHASIANIDAE
Alectoris chukar
Coturnix coturnix
COLUMBIDAE
Colomba livia
Streptopelia decaocto
ALAUDIDAE
Alauda arvensis
HIRUNDINIDAE
Delichon urbica
TURDIDAE
Erithacus rubecula
CORVIDAE
Pica pica
Corvus monedula
STURNIDAE
Sturnus vulgaris
PASSERIDAE
Passer domesticus
FRINGILLIDAE
Carduelis carduelis
END
KUŞLAR
LEYLEKGİLLER
Ak Leylek
YIRTICIKUŞLAR
Kızıl Şahin
DOĞANGİLLER
Kerkenez
TAVUKSULAR
Kınalı keklik
Bıldırcın
GÜVERCİNGİLLER
Kaya güvercini
Kumru
Tarlakuşugiller
Tarlakuşu
KIRLANGIÇGİLLER
Ev kırlangıcı
Ardıçkuşugiller
Kızılgerdan
Kargagiller
Saksağan
Cüce karga
SIĞIRCIKGİLLER
Sığırcık
SERÇEGİLLER
Serçe
İSPİNOZGİLLER
Saka
Habitat
Source
Latin Name
LC
Annex -II
Additional List 1
G
Annex 2
LC
Annex -II
Additional List 1
L,A
A.2
Annex 2
LC
Annex -II
Additional List 1
L
Chukar Partridge
Common Qunail
A.2
A.3
-
LC
LC
Annex III
Annex -III
Additional List 3
Additional List 3
L
L, A
Rock Dove
Collared Dove
A.5
A.5
Annex 3
-
LC
LC
Annex -II
Annex -II
Additional List 3
Additional List 2
G
L,A
Skylark
A.3
House Martin
A.3
Annex -II
Additional List 1
G
European Robin
A.3
Eurasian Jackdaw
A.5
A.5
-
LC
LC
-
Additional List 3
Additional List 3
L
L
European Starling
A.5
-
LC
-
Additional List 2
L
House Sparrow
A.5
-
LC
-
Additional List 3
G
A.3.1
-
LC
Annex -II
Additional List 1
L
BIRDS
White Stork
Goldfinch
LC
-
LC
LC
105
MAK
2010-2011
Table 33. Fauna Tablesu/ Memeliler (Mamalia)
Turkish Name
Latin Name
MAMALIA
MEMELİLER
ERINACIDAE
KIRPILER
Erinaceus concolor
Kirpi
CROCIDURINAE
SİVRİFARELER
Crocidura leucodon
Sivriburunlu Tarlafaresi
RHİNOLOPHİDAE
NALBURUNLU
YARASALAR
Rhinolophus
hipposiderıs
CRİCETİDAE
BERN Treaty
END
Küçük Nalburunlu yarasa
IUCN
CITES
LC
-
-
LC
-
LC
MAK
2010-2011
Habitat
Source
Additional
List 1
Shrubberies and coppices
G
-
-
Shrubberies far from meadows and water
L
-
Annex -III
Additional
List I
Forests, woods, shrubberies
L
LC
-
-
-
Watered culture and steppe areas
L
DD
-
-
-
Soft agricultural soils, steppes, graperies and
gardens
G
LC
-
Annex -III
Additional
List 2
All kinds of coves, hollows, holes, shrubs,
hollows within cultures, rodent galleries, open
areas, agricultural lands
L
HAMSTERLER
Cricetulus migratorius
Gri cücehamster
SPALACİDAE
KÖRFARELER
Spalax leucodon
Kör Fare
MUSTELLIDAE
SANSARLAR
Mustela nivalis
Gelincik
106
Table 34: Fauna Table/ Reptiles
Turkish Name
Latin Name
END
IUCN
CITES
BERN
Treaty
MAK
2010-2011
LC
-
-
LC
-
Habitat
Source
Additional List I
Sandy, rocky, dry lands, sometimes in
graperies and gardens
L,A
-
Additional List I
Under the rocks, between rocks
L
Humid soils, at the sides of forests
Or shrubberies inside the forests
G
REPTILIA
SÜRÜNGENLER
TESTUDİNİDAE
TOSBAĞAGİLLER
Testudo gracea
Tosbağa
GEKKONIDAE
EV KELERLERİ
Hemidactylus turcicus turcicus
Geniş Parmaklı Keler
LACERTIDAE
KERTENKELELER
Lacerta trilineata
Büyük Yeşil Kertenkele
LC
-
ANNEX -III
Additional List I
Sarı yılan
LC
-
Annex -III
Additional List I
Rocky places in areas with infrequent trees,
croplands
A
Yarı Sucul Yılan
LC
-
Annex -II
Additional List I
Rocky areas and meadows close to water
sources, sometimes in gardens and between
croplands
A
IUCN
CITES
Gecekurbağası
LC
-
Yaprakkurbağaları
LC
-
COLUBRİDAE
Elaphe
sauromates
quartuorlineata
Natrix natrix persa
Table 35: Fauna Table/ Amphibians
Turkish Name
Latin Name
BERN Treaty
END
MAK
2010-2011
Habitat
Source
Annex-II
-
Widely spread
G
Annex-II
-
Trees, woody plants, shrubberies
L
İKİ YAŞAMLILAR
AMPHIBIA
BUFONIDAE
Bufo viridis
HYLIDAE
Hyla arborea arborea
Habitat
:
Characteristics of the habitat of the species determined
EVRDB:
Source
:
A: Questionnaire (Information obtained from local people)
END
:
Endemic
G: Observation
MAK
:
Central Hunting Committee Decision (2011-2012)
L: Literature
107
European Vertebrate Red Data Book
The species of the birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians which are present or
likely to be present on and around the site of the project are shown in the tables above.
Along with the hazard classes and habitats of the species, the conditions of the species
are stated according to the various national and international legislations. It is studied
what lists they are on by the CITES, the Bern Convention and the 2011-2012 regulations
of the Central Hunting Commission.
According to the studies carried out, when the hazard classes of the species likely
to be present on and around the site of the project are analyzed, it is concluded that the
Spalax leucodon (Lesser Mole) is categorized as “DD” and the other species as “LC” by
IUCN. The “DD” (Data Deficient) Category means the taxon that is impossible to assess
the risk of extinction studying its spread and/or population, for there isn’t adequate
information. As understood from this category, much information on that species hasn’t
been obtained. However, it can be found almost everywhere in our country, so the
extinction of the species is out of question (Prof. Dr. Ali Demirsoy, Mammals in Turkey).
As to “LC”, it is the category used for the taxa which spread largely and belong to the
lowest hazard class. Similarly, the extinction of these species is out of question. In
addition, from the habitation point of view, there are alternative fields in the vicinity, and
any common damage to the habitats of the species is out of question. It is expected that
the species move to the similar areas in the vicinity and to the similar habitats nearby and
they are not predicted to be harmed during the construction stage of the project.
The categories indicated in the following table are classified by the 2011-2012
Hunting Season regulations of the Central Hunting Commission under the General
Directorate of Conservation of Nature and National Parks under the Ministry of Forests
and Hydraulic Works (Ministry of Environment and Forests):
Additional List – I
Wild animals placed under protection by the Ministry
Additional List – II
Hunting animals placed under protection by Central Hunting
Commission
Additional List – III
Hunting animals allowed to be hunted during certain periods by
Central Hunting Commission
There isn’t any “Wildlife Protected Area” or “Wildlife Development Area” on and
around the site of the project. Besides, the site of the project is shown on the map of the
forbidden zones for hunting according to the 2011-2012 regulations of the Central Hunting
Commission. The site of the project is one of the forbidden zones for hunting according to
the Map of the Forbidden Zones for Hunting of 2011-2012. During the project, the
regulations of the Central Hunting Commission are followed and any illegal hunting is
going to be prevented.
108
PROJECT
Forbidden Zone for Hunting
Placement Zone of Wild Animals
Figure-45 Map of Forbidden Zones for Hunting
CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna
and Flora)
The species of flora and fauna stated in the tables above are studied according to the
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
(CITES). On the flora list of the site of the project are no species stated in that convention.
As to the fauna list, it is found out that there are some species of birds stated in the
convention. They are Buteo rufinus (Appendix 2), Colomba livia (Appendix 3) and
Streptopelia turtur (Appendix 3).
CITES
Appendix I shall include all species threatened with extinction which are or may be
affected by trade. Trade in specimens of these species must be subject to particularly
strict regulation in order not to endanger further their survival and must only be
authorized in exceptional circumstances.
Appendix II shall include all species which although not necessarily now threatened
with extinction may become so unless trade in specimens of such species is subject to
strict regulation in order to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival.
Appendix III shall include all species which any Party identifies as being subject to
regulation within its jurisdiction for the purpose of preventing or restricting exploitation,
and as needing the co-operation of other Parties in the control of trade.
109
The Bern Convention
The Bern Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats
is studied and the condition of the species of flora and fauna stated in the tables above is
determined. The species placed under protection by the convention are stated.
Annexes of Bern Convention:
Annex 1
Strictly protected flora species
Annex 2
Strictly protected fauna species
Annex 3
Protected fauna species
Article 6 of the Bern Convention:
Each Contracting Party shall take appropriate and necessary legislative and
administrative measures to ensure the special protection of the wild fauna species
specified in Appendix II. The following will in particular be prohibited for these species:
a) all forms of deliberate capture and keeping and deliberate killing;
b) the deliberate damage to or destruction of breeding or resting sites;
c) the deliberate disturbance of wild fauna, particularly during the period of
breeding, rearing and hibernation, insofar as disturbance would be significant
in relation to the objectives of this Convention;
d) the deliberate destruction or taking of eggs from the wild or keeping these eggs
even if empty;
e) the possession of and internal trade in these animals, alive or dead, including
stuffed animals and any readily recognisable part or derivative thereof, where
this would contribute to the effectiveness of the provisions of this article.
Article 7 of the Bern Convention:
1. Each Contracting Party shall take appropriate and necessary legislative and
administrative measures to ensure the protection of the wild fauna species
specified in Appendix III.
2. Any exploitation of wild fauna specified in Appendix III shall be regulated in
order to keep the populations out of danger, taking into account the
requirements of Article 2.
3. Measures to be taken shall include:
a. closed seasons and/or other procedures regulating the exploitation;
b. the temporary or local prohibition of exploitation, as appropriate, in order to
restore satisfactory population levels;
c. the regulation as appropriate of sale, keeping for sale, transport for sale or
offering for sale of live and dead wild animals.
110
Possible Effects on Flora and Fauna and Precautions to be taken:
Construction Stage:
Because the species found in the construction stage of the project are of movable
forms, they may go away from the environment and back to the present alternative
habitats in the vicinity. However, the species are expected to return to their usual living
areas after the construction stage has completed. Therefore, the generations of the
species are not predicted to endanger during the construction stage of the project and
after the construction required precautions are going to be taken in order to minimize the
negative effects to be caused by the operation.
For flora and fauna, NO and NO2 are known to be the most important pollutants to be
resulted from the project during the operational stage. Because the concentration values
which NO and NO2 to be resulted from the power plant emissions will cause at the ground
level will be under the boundary level, any negative effect caused by the emissions in
question is not expected on flora and fauna.
The designing values in the units of the power plant will be determined in a way that
the noise is at the minimum level. Consequently, the levels of the noise to be caused will
be under the boundary level determined by the Regulations on Evaluation and
Administration of Environmental Noise. So, it will be out of question that the fauna present
in the area of influence of the project is affected negatively by the noise to be resulted
from the project.
The following is the precautions to be taken in order to prevent or minimize that effect:








Access to the site of project will be provided through the present roads.
Temporary roads to be built during the construction will be as narrow and short
as possible.
Exits to the natural areas outside of the site of the project will be banned or as
limited as possible.
Required environmental precautions will be taken and related regulations will
be followed during the construction period.
The employees who will work in the construction and operation periods will be
trained and prevented from hunting illegally.
If possible, activities will be confined to only the site of the project and the
roads within the project and the exits from the determined routes will be
prevented.
Excavation debris will not be stored on the banks of streams.
For the species stated on the protection lists determined for 2010-2011 Hunting
Season made in accordance with the regulations of the Central Hunting
Commission under the General Directorate of Conservation of Nature and
National Parks under the Ministry of Forests and Hydraulic Works (Ministry of
Environment and Forests), these protection regulations will be followed. In
addition, the regulations stated by the Bern Convention and CITES will also be
observed.
111
VII.2.13
Mines and Fossil Fuel Resources (amounts of reservoirs, current
and planned operational conditions, yearly production and its significance for
national or local usage and economic values)
The city of Kırıkkale is rich in diversity of mineral ores, though poor in reservoirs.
Apart from the following reservoirs, through the explorations carried by the General
Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, it is found out that asbestos, marble,
fluorite, copper, zinc, chromite and magnesite exist in the region, but they aren’t found as
worth operating because they are of poor quality, and they aren’t taken into consideration
in planning and projecting studies.
There are partly quarries and sand quarries and other mineral resources in the city of
Kırıkkale, and the following Table 36 and Table 37 provides information related to these
mineral resources:.
Table-36 Information related to the mineral resources in the City of Kırıkkale
Type of Mineral
Industrial
Minerals
Metallic Minerals
Energy Minerals
Bentonite
Copper-Lead-Zinc
Molybdenum
Location
Keskin-Village of Besler
Reserve
48,000 tone
Tenor
-
Keskin-Derek-Zuhuru
Çelebi
200,000 tone
visible+possible
30 tone
26,000 visible, 31,000
possible
55-60% Pb
55-60% Fe2O3
Kırlangıç-Kenanobası
Taşlı Güneyyatağı
Village of Balışıh-Hüseyinbey,
Karamustafa Zone
2.5-2.6% Cu
36% Mn
0.15-2.12% Mo
(Source: Environmental Status Report for the City of Kırıkkale)
Table-37 Information related to the Quarries in the City of Kırıkkale
Name and
Family Name of
the Owner of the
Quarry
Muharrem Zengin
Beyton LSC
Remzi Kılıç
Ekrem Karakaya
Hasan Taşdemir
Mahzar Akyüz
EN-KA LLC
Çiğdem Industry
Halil Avan
Öz Yurdakullar
Yaşar Özen
Hasan Taşdemir
Yücel
Büyükkayacı
Hamza Teke
Location
Type of the
Quarry
Size
m2
Starting Date of
the License
Completing Date
of the License
Köçekgölü Division, Village
of Akçakavak, Balışeyh,
Central Hodar Division,
Bahşılı
Kumhisse Division, Village
of Bağcılar, Delice
Şahinyeri Division, Village of
Karabekir, Delice
Ayrıada Division, Village of
Tatlıcak, Delice
Dedeağaç Division, Village
of Işıklar, Balışeyh
Central Kale Division,
Yahşihan
Yazı Division, Village of
Hacıballı, Yahşihan
Akkoşan Division, Karakeçili
Village of Irmak, Yahşihan
Çatal Division, Town of
B.Yağlı, Delice
Kumhisse Division, Village
of Bağcılar, Delice
Sökmen, Village of
Hacıballı, Yahşıhan
Boztepe Division, Village of
İzzettin, Balışeyh
Sand Quarry
4,700
05.04.2006
05.04.2011
Sand Quarry
2,800
07.28.2005
07.28.2010
Sand Quarry
3,000
06.19.2006
06.19.2011
Sand Quarry
3,000
04.28.2006
06.28.2011
Sand Quarry
5,252
07.28.2005
07.28.2010
Sand Quarry
3,000
05.18.2005
05.18.2010
Sand Quarry
3,000
04.28.2006
04.28.2011
Sand Quarry
3,000
06.26.2002
06.26.2007
Sand Quarry
Sand Quarry
Sand Quarry
3,000
5,000
3,000
06.09.2004
01.15.2003
06.24.2005
06.09.2009
01.15.2008
06.24.2010
Sand Quarry
10,000
09.01.2005
09.01.2010
Sand Quarry
5,860
09.12.2006
09.12.2011
Sand Quarry
8,132.34
08.31.2005
08.31.2010
112
Güvensoy Mining
Bilal
Kocamanoğlu
Abdullah Eriş
Tufan Kızıltan
MNG Power
Generating LSC
Çelebi
Municipality
Central Çobankaya Division,
Delice
Yavşanlı Division, Village of
Evliyalı, Delice
Ağcalar Division, Village of
Hacıballı, Yahşihan
Uludere Division, Central
Hasandede
Kızılırmak, Village of
Hamzalı, Sulakyurt
Y.Karabucak Division,
Village of Karabucak, Çelebi
Sand Quarry
3,080
Sand Quarry
3,700
03.06.2006
03.06.2011
Sand Quarry
32,243
05.04.2006
05.04.2011
Sand Quarry
10,000
05.03.2006
05.03.2011
Sand Quarry
30,843
05.30.2006
05.30.2011
Sand Quarry
3,000
06.30.2006
06.30.2011
(Source: Environmental Status Report for the City of Kırıkkale)
In the city of Kırıkkale are no reservoirs of energy sources such as anthracite, lignite,
and bituminous schist and crude oil reserves.
A meeting on the site of the project in question was held with the Division of
Monitoring under the General Directorate of Mining Affairs (MIGEM). As stated in the
report number 551570 issued by MIGEM on 05.18.2011, it was determined that there was
one exploring site for a tender of IV Group on the site of the project. However, considering
the common good, MIGEM didn’t object because there was currently no running license to
mine, and so the site wasn’t designated to be an area where mining was prohibited, and it
was registered in the MIGEM records as the area especially permitted for Natural Gas
Combined Cycle Plant. The argument of MIGEM related to the issue is in the appendix
(See Annex-15). Within the site of the project are currently no mining fields.
VII.2.14
Animal Husbandry (types, grazing fields, yearly production
amounts, significance and value of these products for national economy)
Bovine and ovine husbandry, poultry rising, aquaculture (fishery), and apiculture are
carried out in the city of Kırıkkale, and information on the animal population in the city of
Kırıkkale is given below (Table-38).
113
Table-38 Animal Population in the City of Kırıkkale
TYPE OF ANIMALS
Cattle (Pure culture)
Cattle (Hybrid culture)
Bovine
Cattle (Domestic-other)
Indian Buffalos
Total
Odd-toed
Odd-toed
Sheep (Domestic-other)
Sheep (Merino)
Ovine
Pashmina Goats
Angora Goats
Total
Chickens (egg)
Chicken (broiler)
Turkey
Poultry
Ducks
Geese
Total
Apiculture
Beehives
(Kaynak: İl Tarım Müdürlüğü)
2009
8.981
32.138
22.967
163
64.249
995
115.699
2.015
22.910
3.111
143.735
80.150
81.100
7.050
3.090
4.660
176.050
14.305
The amount of animal products realized in the city of Kırıkkale is shown in Table-39.
Table-39 Production of Animal Products – Amount of Animal Products in 2009 (in Tones)
Red Meat
White Meat
Milk
Fleece
Mohair
Goat Hair
Honey
Egg (piece)
Pelt (piece)
2,059.46
41,665.92
60.6
2.4
20.7
143,112
9,527,670
17,889
The studies to develop fishery started between 1997 and 2000 in the city of Kırıkkale.
50,000 mirror carp, 19,900 carp, 12,000 bass and 7,800 catfish were released to the River
Kızılırmak, the Delice Stream and the Çipi Creek in 1999, and since then they have been
trying to breed them. Besides, 30,000 common carp were raised in Pond Cin Ali in Keskin
according to the data issued by Provincial Directorate of Agriculture. Table-40 below
shows the production amounts by fish species in the city of Kırıkkale.
Table-40 Freshwater Products by Species (2009)
Type of
Products
Amount of
Production (in
Tones)
Zander
Catfish
Carp
Mirror Carp
Common Carp
TOTAL
0
0
0
0
30
30
(Source: Provincial Directorate of Agriculture)
114
As to apiculture, we have seen great developments since 1996. Apiculture started in
126 villages in 1999. 150 beehives in 1997, 3021 beehives in 1998, 720 beehives in 1999
and totally 4891 beehives were bred. According to the data issued by Provincial
Directorate of Agriculture, there were 10,321 beehives in the whole city, and 143,380
tones of honey and 5,940 tones of beeswax were produced in 2003. There were 9,324
beehives and 133,900 kg of honey and 1,800 kg of beeswax were produced in 2004.
Table 41 below provides the amounts of production related to apicultural works in the city
of Kırıkkale.
Table 41 the Number of Beehives and Honey and Beeswax Production in Kırıkkale in 2009
THE NUMBER OF BEEHIVES (PIECE)
OLD TYPE
NEW TYPE
County of Yahşihan
14
The whole city
1,570
(Source: Provincial Directorate of Agriculture)
3,700
12,735
HONEY
PRODUCTION
kg)
37,000
143,112
(in
BEESWAX PRODUCTION
(in kg)
185
4,937
Animal husbandry is an important source of income in the county of Yahşihan,
Kırıkkale, where the project will be carried out. Raising bovine and ovine is performed in
10 uplands located around the city. Individuals produce milk and dairy products and put
up them for sale. The number of the present animals, the scales of the enterprises per
animal and the amounts of animal products in the county of Yahşihan are shown below
(Table 42, Table 43 and Table 44).
Table 42 the number of the animals present in the county of Yahşihan (2010)
Cattle
1,100
Baby Calves / Calves
700
Indian Buffalos
0
Sheep
3,950
Goats
850
Horses
3
Donkeys
75
Chickens
3,000
Turkey
200
Ducks
150
Geese
20
Pigeon
450
Table 43 Amounts of the Products Obtained from Animals
ANIMAL
Cow milk
Beef
Lamb – Goat Meat
Honey
AMOUNT OF PRODUCT (IN TONES)
576
50
72
4
Table 44 the Scales of the Enterprises per Animal
Ovine
1-30
30-60
60-100
more than 100
Enterprise
4
6
9
13
Bovine
1-5
6-15
16-50
more than 50
115
Enterprise
139
95
17
1
The nearest settlement area to the project area is Hacıbalı Village which is located
opposite side of the Kızılırmak River. Other settlement areas are Irmak Municipality at
approximately 3000 m distance and Kılıclar Municipality at approximately 5000 m. There
do not exist large scaled animal husbandary activities in the region. Local community
generally deals with agricultural activities which has the largest source of income.
Since the project area far away from settlement areas and land conditions are not
well-qualified for the animal husbandary, in the project area any animal husbandary
avtivies were not observed.
VII.2.15
Areas which are under the rule and at the disposal of the
authorized governmental bodies (Military Restricted Zones, areas assigned to
governmental institutions and organizations for certain purposes, etc.)
According to the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Inspection and Survey
Form issued by the Forestry Operations Department of Kırıkkale, the site of the project in
question lays in a forested area. However, the existence of a forest wasn’t discovered on
the site in question in the field survey performed. The natural flora there is observed as
steppe.
The site of the project isn’t located in military restricted zones or in the areas assigned
to governmental institutions and organizations for certain purposes. There is a military
zone about 5 km northeast of the site of the project, near downtown Yahşihan.
VII.2.16
Determining the area of influence of the facility by performing a
modeling study taking present weather quality and sensibility of the area into
consideration,
Kırıkkale Weather Quality Monitoring Station, which was established by the Ministry
of Environment and Forests in 2006 for the purpose of determining current weather
quality, (Longitude: 33.5050; Latitude: 39.8400; Elevation: 750 m) is located in the city of
Kırıkkkale. PM10 and SO2 parameters belonging to the region are regularly measured in
the station, which is about 10.5 km southeast of the site of the project.
The PM10 and SO2 data measured between 01.01.2009 and 01.01.2011 issued by
the station were studied for the purpose of determining the current weather quality of the
region and the data on regional weather quality are provided below.
The most important air pollutant in natural gas combustion systems is NOx emission.
A Passive Sampling was carried out in the area of influence of the project for the purpose
of determining the level of NOx emission currently present in the region. The results of the
measurements obtained from the studies to determine present Weather Quality are given
below.
116
Sulphur Oxides
Sulphur dioxide has the most important share in the sulphur oxides in the air. Sulphur
dioxide is a colourless gas, which lingers a characteristic taste at 0.3-1 ppm and it makes
a suffocating feeling at when above 3 ppm. It changes into sulphur trioxide and sulphates
with a very fast oxidation in the atmosphere. Sulphur trioxide is an anhydride of sulphuric
acid and when it combines with rain or fog drops, it leads to the creation of the
abovementioned acid drops in the air. Sulphates are generally comprised of particles with
0.2-0.9 µ diameter, they decrease the visibility range interfering with wavelength with 0,40,7 µ diameter of visible light and they cause cooling in the local climate hindering the soil
radiation. Therefore, significant loss of sight occurs when S02 is at typical levels and
relative humidity is above 50%. For example, the visible range drops below 8 km in an
atmosphere with 265 µ/m3 and 50% relative humidity, which may prevent the jambo
airplanes to take off and land.
The association of suplhur gases with human health has been the subject matter of
many studies so far. In these studies, it was found that the SO2 level in the air is
associated with the public health. It has been thought that SO2 leads to respiratory
diseases, especially lung failure, and it could be fatal for the patients suffering from
respiratory diseases. Another important point is that it would be more appropriate if SO2 is
evaluated with primarily particulatr matters and other contaminants. Therefore, except the
really high levels, the influences of SO2 on health are considered within the concept of air
pollution index together with the particulates. This evaluation system is used in our
country.
SOx group gases are mostly known for their damage to the technological materials
and plants. For example, they increase the drying system of oil-paint and reduce the life
span of the paint. They cause the metal surfaces to be worn due to the corrosion.
Moreover, they damage the constructional materials such as lime, marble and plaster in a
very short time. Even the plastic goods in nylon nature have been reported to be damaged
by sulphur gases and acid particles. However, the severest adverse effect they have is on
the vegetation cover and forests.
2009-2010 Monthly Average SO2 Emission Data of Kırıkkale Air Quality Monitoring
Station are given in the Figure 46 and Figure 47 and as can be seen in the figure below,
SO2 emission contaminant reaches high levels during the winter (during January,
February, November and December). Thus, the generation of SO2 emission can be said
to depend on the use of the fossil fuels for heating purposes.
117
Feb.
Jan.
March
April
May
June
July
August
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Figure 46. 2009-2010 Monthly Average SO2 Emission Data of Kırıkkale City (µg/m3)
Jan.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
August
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Figure 47. 2009-2010 Monthly Average 24 Hour SO2 Emission Data of Kırıkkale City (µg/m3)
118
Dec.
Particulate Matters (PM10)
All the matters which have an average gas molecule size, bigger than 0.0002-0.0003
µm diameter and have the ability to hang in the air for a certain period of time are
classified as particulate matters. Accordingly, depending on the concentration of the
matter, the biggest particulate which can hang in the air for a short period of time in the
still atmosphere is supposed to have approximately 500 µm (0.5 mm).
When the air is dusty, which means full of natural or artificial particulate matters;
 The visibility range decreases,
 The energy flux in the wavelength where the sunlight carries energy changes
 It has an adverse effect on human, animal and plant health.
It is known that the material by itself which comprises the dusts can also be
chemically active and affect human health. Moreover, particulates bring other
contaminants where they adsorb the surfaces to sensitive living tissues in a manner
higher than their normal concentrations in the air and they increase the harmful effects of
these materials. The latter is an effect which increases with the active adsorption level.
Therefore, thin particulates have worse influences on human health.
2009-2010 Monthly Average PM Emission Data of Kırıkkale Air Quality Monitoring
Station are given in Figures 48 and 49.
Jan.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
August
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Figure 48. 2009-2010 Monthly Average PM Emission Data of Kırıkkale Air Quality Monitoring Station ( µg/m3)
119
180.00
160.00
140.00
120.00
100.00
80.00
60.00
40.00
20.00
0.00
Ocak Şubat Mart Nisan Mayıs
Jan.
Feb.
March
April
May
Hazir Tem Ağust
Eylül Ekim
an muz
os
June
July
August
PM10 24H 2009 31.00 78.67 80.83 68.25 56.23 49.22 42.10
Sep.
Oct.
Kası
Aralık
m
Nov.
Dec.
133.36115.71
PM10 24H 2010 96.81 87.50 72.55 54.63 52.77 51.59 42.39 65.50 63.92 78.87 162.69 98.04
Figure 49. 2009-2010 Monthly 24-hour Average PM Emission Data of Kırıkkale Air Quality Monitoring Station (
µg/m3)
Nitrogen Oxides
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are the most important contaminant gases in the air. They are
comprised of the total of NO gas which is created in the high temperature area during
oxidation and NO2 which is a further oxidation product of NO. Other than their
contributions to the acid rains, they are the main factor in the formation of photochemical
smog. Moreover, NO2 is a type of gas which has a direct harmful effect on human health
and on the vegetation cover.
NOx gases are defined with NO2 equivalent. Among the oxidation-born, the most
toxic one is NO2. NO is important more because it is the raw material of NO2. Both gases
are part of the natural nitrogen cycle. Their half lives in the atmosphere are low; normally
they are expected to have concentration less than 1 ppb in the earth atmosphere.
However, these concentrations in the urban atmosphere can increase up to the values of
40-80 ppb and even to 300-140 ppb.
In order to determine the NOx pollution level of the project subject, ESER, in the
project area DGKCS and around, a Passive Sampling study was performed by the Çınar
Environmental Measurement and Analysis Laboratory.
In the Annex-2 of the Regulation on Industry-Born Air Pollution, it is stated that “In
case that Passive Sampling Method is used in the air quality measurements, at least 4
(four) sampling points are picked for 2 months at the area of investigation where the Air
Pollution Contribution Values calculated for the peak points of the areas of investigation is
the highest. For the same period, at least 2 (two) sampling points are picked for each area
of investigation in the other areas of investigation.”
120
However, a Communication No: 2009/19 of 16.10.2009 was published by the Ministry
of Environment and Forest in this regard. In the Passive Sampling Method and Air Quality
Measurement in the stated Communication, it is stated that;
"8.1- In accordance with the Annex-2 of IAPC Regulation, if Passive Sampling
Method is used in determining the air quality in the plant influence area, the air quality
measurements should be performed with 4 passive sampling tubes at the area of
investigation where the Air Pollution Contribution Value is the highest and 2 passive
sampling tubes at each area of investigation at the other areas of investigation (at least
two or more area of investigation) where the air pollution is high.
8.2- The place and number of passive sampling at the areas of investigation where air
pollution is high change depending on the height of the stacks at the plant, their mass
flow, the distribution directions of the contaminants and should be determined considering
the residential areas in the region. When analyzing the air quality measurement reports so
far, a total of 8 and 16 passive sampling tubes distributed considering the
abovementioned conditions at the plant influence area is found to be enough in
determining the air quality. The competent authority can increase the place and the
number of the sampling.
Accordingly, an area in the size of 11 km x 11 km was selected as a project influence
area around the activity field, passive sampling was performed at 10 points for
determining the current situation within the stated area of influence. The following points
were considered in determining the sampling points:







Project field and area of influence
The results of the air quality distribution modeling given in the Title VIII.2.6
The topographic status of the activity field and around
The closest residential areas (Hacıbalı Village, Irmak Municipality, Kılıclar
Municipality, Yahsihan Municipality)
Irmak Municipality Urban Development Area
Mass Housing Project Area
Land House around the Project Area
The measurement points where the passive measurement tubes were placed and the
coordinate of which is shown in Table 45 are shown in Figure 50 and 51. At the stated
points, sampling has been performed at 3 period intervals every 20 days between
24.06.2011 and 24.08.2011.
121
Table 45. Air Quality Sampling Points
Line No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Name of the Point
Around the Project Field
Around the Project Field-Farm House
Mass Housing Project Area
Hacıbalı Village
Yahşihan Municipality
Kılıçlar Municipality
Irmak Municipality Urban Development
Area
Irmak Municipality
X
534481
535070
536408
537070
538825
530622
530827
Y
4415880
4418138
4419501
4419170
4412723
4415378
4418198
533271
4420747
Kırıkkale Organized Industry Zone
537326
4417288
South of the Project Area
534587
4415641
99
Figure 50. Air Quality Sampling Points Map
122
Figure 51. Pictures of the Air Quality Sampling Points
Sampling results were obtained and it is given in the following Table 46. Analysis
results are given in the appendix (See Annex-16) Considering the air quality sampling
results, the highest NO2 concentration was found at the point close to Yahsihan
Municipality with 21,87 µg/m3.
123
Table 46. Air Quality Sampling Results (µg/m3)
1. Period
NO2
NOx
2. Period
NO2
NOx
NO
3. Period
NO2
NOx
NO
NO2
11,81
2,87
6,88
12,10
5,22
8,35
11,96
4,05
8,37
11,64
3,27
5,10
10,49
5,39
6,97
11,20
4,22
< LOD
13,90
15,97
2,06
10,0
0
12,87
2,87
13,0
0
13,93
2,47
17,2
8
1,86
14,70
20,07
5,36
9,32
13,50
4,19
13,1
5
16,95
3,80
21,87
25,8
8
4,01
14,85
13,67
< LOD
11,5
8
11,35
<
LOD
16,1
0
16,97
4,01
6,88
17,0
0
10,12
8,80
11,06
2,26
6,25
7,77
1,52
7,31
11,94
4,63
9,23
14,4
5
5,22
11,01
15,19
4,19
8,63
13,62
4,99
9,62
14,42
4,80
12,13
15,1
6
3,04
11,38
15,59
4,21
7,68
15,51
7,83
10,4
0
15,42
5,03
12,33
13,7
9
1,46
4,79
5,82
1,03
6,28
10,43
4,16
7,80
10,01
2,22
7,17
12,6
4
5,47
7,37
12,13
4,76
4,84
13,33
8,48
6,46
12,70
6,24
Line
No
Name of the
Point
1
Around Project
Area
9,23
*
*
8,94
2
Around Project
Area- Farm
House
7,45
11,4
7
4,01
3
Mass Housing
Project Area
15,11
12,9
6
4
Hacıbalı
Village
15,42
5
6
7
8
9
10
Yahşihan
Municipality
Kılıçlar
Municipality
Irmak
Municipality
Urban
Development
Area
Irmak
Municipality
Kırıkkale
Organized
Industry Zone
South of the
Project Area
NO
AVERAGE
NOx
NO
*Tube lost.
VII.2.17
Other features
There is no other point to be mentioned in this part.
VII.3. Characteristics of Socio-Economic Environment
VII.3.1
Economic Characteristics (main sectors forming the economic
structure of the region, place and importance in the region and country
economy, other information)
Kırıkkale province center is a highly populated industrial city, and economic structure
of other district centers and rural section are based on agriculture. In Kırıkkale,
manufacturing industry, along with the big enterprises belong to public sector, consists of
small and medium scale enterprises belonging to the private sector. Machinery and
Chemical Industry Corporation Factories and Tüpraş Refinery take important place in the
economic structure of the province.
124
Kırıkkale manufacturing industry that developed based on the public sector; while
metal and petro-chemical industry is intensifying, along with the development in the
private sector as being dependent to this industry sections, also development directed to
the agricultural machinery, food and feed industry, soil, textile, tree and furniture works
industry occurred.
5 out of 10 factories of the Machinery and Chemical Industry Corporation, 1 out of 2
enterprises and Directorate of Junk are located in the Kırıkkale province.
Mainly Ankara, for the purpose of meeting the petroleum need of many provinces in
Middle Anatolian Region, with TÜPRAŞ Middle Anatolian Refiner that was established in
Kırıkkale province Hacılar town and has petroleum treating capacity of 5 million ton/year
and from Ceyhan terminal of the Petroleum Pipeline Corporation, crude oil that reaches by
pipe line 447 km in length is refined.
1. Organized Industrial Zone is located in an area of 150 hectare in which private
sector establishments operate. Facilities that commence production in Kırıkkale
Organized Industrial Zone are food, furniture, textile, forestry, printing, recycling, plastic,
chemistry, petroleum products, feed industry and agricultural products, forgery, production
of machines without electricity, agricultural machinery, boiler, electric machines, weapon,
metal, machinery facilities.
The subject matter Kırıkkale Organized Industrial Zone is located about 1,5 km east of
the project area.
Organized
İnsdustrial Site
Project
Area
Figure 52. Organized Industrial Zone and Project Area Satellite Image
125
For the purpose of establishing the II. Organized Industrial Zone, it is planned as I.
Stage 154 hectare in the place of Keskin-Cankurtaran that is 15 km. to the province center
on the Kırıkkale-Kırşehir road.
In addition, for the purpose of establishing an orderly and modern place in the
province center in line with the necessities of the small scale industrial tradesmen,
Kırıkkale Small Industrial Area in Yahşihan district on 24,5 hector with worksite capacity of
376 and 1.148 workers was constructed and put into operation that is takes an importance
place in the province economy.
According to the Socio-Economic Development Order made in 2003 by the
Undersecretariat of State Planning Organization, Kırıkkale takes 33rd place from the point
of view of development within 81 provinces. Whereas according to the study made in
2004; Kırıkkale Central District, takes place in 42nd order and 2nd degree development
group in the development order. In province wide, rarity of private sector investments
draws attention. While the public facilities in the province center creates an industrial city
appearance for the city center, an agricultural weighed economic structure dominates the
cities.
According to the State Planning Organization data, socio-economic development order
of the Yahşihan District and Kırıkkale Central District where the project area is located are
as follows:
Table 47. Socio-economic development order of the Yahşihan District and Kırıkkale Central District
District Name
Development Order within
Socio-Economic Development
Development Group
872 Districts
Index
Center
42
1,92203
2
Yahşihan
221
0,32637
3
VII.3.2
Population (urban and rural population in the area; migrations,
population increase ratios, other information)
Kırıkkale province takes place in 61st order in population size order of 81 provinces in
the country wide. According to the results of population census made from 1935 to 2009,
city and village population developments of Kırıkkale is as follows.
According to the Address Based Population Registration System (ADNKS) results of
year 2009; total population in Kırıkkale province is 280.834 persons. Of this population
232.990 live in the district centers, 47.844 in towns and villages. Proportionally, 82.96 %
of the population is in the cities, 17.04 % in villages. Population increase is around 0.5%.
126
Table 48. City and Village Population Data by Years of Kırıkkale Province
Years
City Population
Village
Total
Population
(individual)
Population
Population
Increase Ratio
(individual)
(individual)
1935
4.599
9,895
14,494
--
1945
14.496
39.642
54.138
273,52
1950
15.750
46.340
62.090
14,69
1955
27.807
50.607
78.414
26,29
1960
42.904
33.353
76.257
-2,75
1970
57.669
43.416
101.085
32,56
1975
137.874
39.281
177.155
75,25
1980
178.401
44.492
222.893
25,82
1985
208.018
54.331
262.349
17,70
1990
243.378
106.018
349.396
33,18
2000
285.294
98.214
383.508
9,76
2007
230.189
50.045
280.234
-26,93
2008
230.354
48.971
279.325
-0,32
2009
232.990
47.844
280.834
0,54
City Population
Village Population
Total Population
Figure 53. City and Village Population Data of Kırıkkale Province by Years
According to this graphic, until year 2000 a steady increase is seen in the Kırıkkale
province villages and city population. But, after 2000, decreases are seen in both village
and city population. The reason of this situation is the migrations from village and city to
other cities with economic problems.
127
Big portion of the workers who will work during the construction stage of the project
will be employed the region, and the logistic services that has importance in the realization
of the project (such as fuel purchases, accommodation of the workers and necessities,
construction material necessities) again will be procured from the region. Similar
necessities during the operation stage will be met from the region as far as possible. It is
expected that the regional economy will be effected positively and these migrations
experienced will be decrease by the implementation of the subject matter project.
Table 49. Yahşihan District Province/District Central and Town/Village Population Data by Years
Kırıkkale
Years
Yahşihan
Province/District Center
Town/Villages
Total
Total
Man
Woman
Total
Man
Woman
Total
Man
Woman
2009
12.420
6.224
6.196
3.577
1.799
1.778
15.997
8.023
7.974
2008
9.573
5.001
4.572
3.749
1.899
1.850
13.322
6.900
6.422
2007
9.166
4.742
4.424
3.797
1.938
1.859
12.963
6.680
6.283
VII.3.3
Social Infrastructure Services in the Region (Education, health,
endemic diseases in the region, cultural services and availability of these
services)
Education:
Kırıkkale has reached to a good level from the point of view of education. In 20092010 academic year, schooling ratio is at the level of 48% in the pre-school education,
98% in elementary school institutions, 84% in secondary school.
According to year 2008 ADNKS results, literacy state over 6 ages and above, 19.123
illiterate (7,46%), 220.964 literate (86,23%), unknown 16.176 (6,31%), total 256.263
(100%), population between 0-5 ages are 23.062 persons.
There are 256 school in province wide. Distribution of these school are as follows:
Table 50. Distribution of the School
Type of School
Number of Schools
Pre-School
96
Elementary Education
117
Secondary Education
43
TOTAL
256
In addition, Kırıkkale University located in the province has been giving education
since 1992.
128
Importance is also attached to the mass education in the Kırıkkale province. In the
central province and districts, there are total 9 Public Education Centers as one for each,
and 1 Vocational Education Center. In 2008-2009 academic year, reading writing,
vocational and technical, social and cultural areas courses were arranged by 9 Public
Education Centers. In addition, Guidance Research Center, Science Art Center and Night
Art Center render service in the central province.
Health:
Health services in Kırıkkale province, which is in a rather good condition from the
point of view of health services, are presented by 2.476 health personnel subsidiary of
Health Ministry, 514 subsidiary of Kırıkkale University, 30 working in other public
institutions, 289 employed by private health establishments. In province-wide, 3.309
personnel render service, as 685 doctors, 103 pharmacists, 242 midwifes, 473 nurses,
815 health officers, 991 other health personnel.
In province-wide, along with the bed treatment institutions in healthcare field, 1 Mouth
and Teeth Health Center, 9 Public Health Centers, 34 Family Healthcare Centers, 84
Family Physicians, 28 Health Houses, 1 Public Health Laboratory, 1 Mother Child Health
and Family Planning Center, 1 Tuberculosis Control Dispensary, total 12 units of 112
Emergency Health Services Station as 2 units in the center, 2 in Delice and 1 in other
districts render services.
Table 51. Hospitals and their Capacities located in Kırıkkale Province
Type of Hospitals and Health Institutions
Quantity
Capacity (year 2006)
Number of Outpatients
Bed Capacity
State Hospital
7
1.338.272
975
University Hospital
1
73.129
120
Health Care Center
44
558.372
-
Health House
36
-
-
Health Center
1
6.195
-
Dispenser
1
5.591
129
Cultural Services and the State of the Availability of these Services:
Social facilities located in the Kırıkkale province: Kızılırmak and Valley, Delice River
and Valley, Pehlivanlı Plateau (Balışeyh), Azgın Plateau (Balışeyh), Gümüşpınar Plateau
(Balışeyh), Suludere Plateau (Balışeyh), Yeşilkaya Plateau (Balışeyh), Hodar Plateau
(Bahşılı), Bedesten Plateau (Bahşılı), Kamışlı Plateau (Bahşılı), Sarıkaya Plateau
(Bahşılı), Koçu Plateau (Delice), Delikli stone inside forest recreation spot (Balışeyh),
Town recreation spot (Koçubaba-Balışeyh), Typical Anatolian Villages, Kısık Area Halil
İbrahim Aydoğdu Park (Hasandede), Bahşılı Celal Bayar Park, Kılıçlar Recreation Spots,
Hacılar Park, Machinery and Chemical Industry Corporation Swimming Pools, Refinery
Swimming Pool, M. Pekdoğan Culture Park, Keskin-Koray Aydın Recreation Park,
TÜPRAŞ Şahin Tepesi, TÜPRAŞ Kızılırmak Picnic Area.
VII.3.4
Urban and Rural Land Usage in the Immediate Vicinity of the
Project Area
Surface Area of Kırıkkale Province consists 0.59% of Turkey with 4534 km 2. While the
number of persons in per km2 in Kırıkkale was 80 persons in 1990, it has risen to 85
persons in 2000. Size of the average household of Kırıkkale province decreases. When
the average household size of the province in 1990 was 5,4 persons, it has dropped to 4,9
persons in 2000.
Since the surrounding of the city was closed with neighboring municipalities and river
and mountains surrounds it naturally, development of the city cannot be towards the west,
it develops through east, i.e. Bahşılı district.
In 1990-2000 term, the city population was increasing with a yearly increasing speed
of 15,9%, village population decreases with a speed of 7.6%. In 2000, 25,6% of the
population of Kırıkkale province lives in villages.
According to the data of the Kırıkkale Province General Directorate of Land Registry
and Cadastre, data showing the Land Ownerships of Kırıkkale Province are given in the
table below.
Table 52. Kırıkkale Province Land Ownership
Area (km2)
Percentage (%)
Residential Areas
108,3
2,31
Forestry Areas
505,3
10,76
Treasury Areas
845,4
18,01
Private Lands
2925,5
62,31
Pasture Areas
11,9
0,25
Rivers and Ponds
24,2
0,52
Areas Other Than Registry
274,2
5,84
Usage Type
130
Related to the subject matter project area, as indicated in the Environmental Impact
Assessment Inspection and Assessment Form received from Kırıkkale Forestry Chief, the
subject matter project area stays in forested land.
However, in the land studies performed, no forest existence was seen on the subject
matter area. Its natural flora was observed as steppe. In addition, as it can be seen from
1/100.000 scale Environmental Plan showing the activity area, Plan Report and Plan
Provinces, project area is on the grass and pasture land (See Annex-4).
In the west of project area, the slope increases and forms Akkaş Hill. The areas here
have a character of grass-posture. In the east of the project area, there is a road, and
other side of the road Kızılırmak River runs. In the north and south of the activity area
there are empty lands in patches having grass-posture characteristics and arable fields.
Surrounding of the project area, nearest residential place is Hacıbalı village and it is
located about 2 km in the north-east of the plant. Other rural residential areas are Irmak
Municipality, Kılıçlar Municipality, Yahşıhan Municipalit,, and their distance to the project
area are respectively 3 km, 5 km, and 6 km. The nearest urban residential area Kırklareli
province is about at a distance of 8 km.
VII.3.5
Income and Unemployment (Distribution of the income to the lines
of business, maximum, minimum and average income per capita in respect of
lines of business)
According to the Turkish Statistical Institution figures, 51,2% of active population in
Kırıkkale work in agricultural sector, 10,4% in industrial sector, 38,4% in services sector.
Agricultural sector
Industrial sector
Services sector
Figure 54. Employment Sectors According to the Kırıkkale Province Population
According to the Work-force Indications of year 2008 stated by Turkish Statistical
Institution in 2009, unemployment ratio in Kırıkkale province is in the level of 11,1%, labor
force participation rate is 34,7%, employment rate is 30,9%. According to these data, in
Kırıkkale, opening new lines of business in respect of employment is needed.
131
According to the date of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security Turkish Employment
Institution Directorate of Kırıkkale Province, year 2006 unemployment distribution of
Kırıkkale Province are as follows:
Table 53. Kırıkkale Province Unemployed persons Distribution (2006)
Distribution
According to
Age Groups
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
Man
Woman
188
634
425
277
112
172
79
51
35-39
40-44
45-64
65 and more
Total
289
195
146
1
2.155
25
22
14
0
475
Distribution According
to the State of
Education
Illiterate
Literate
Primary Education
Secondary Education
(High School and
Equivalent)
Associate Degree
Bachelor's Degree
Master Degree
Doctor's Degree
Man
Women
3
10
912
1.004
0
6
90
302
99
100
2
0
2.130
43
58
1
0
500
Distribution
According to
Social States
Normal
Disabled
Ex-convict
Terror-Stricken
Man
Woman
1.999
105
21
0
491
14
0
0
2.125
505
Machinery and Chemical Industry Corporation ensures employment to total 2.880
personnel. In addition, it has 1.886 worker personnel. Machinery and Chemical Industry
Corporation makes important investment project and studies in direction to increase the
employment in the province and protect its competitive power and modernization of the
facilities that is appropriate to new necessities.
About 825 persons are employed in the Turkish Petroleum Corporation plant
processing crude oil that reach from the Ceyhan terminal of the Petroleum Pipeline
Corporation.
780 persons are employed in the facilities being active in I. Organized Industrial Zone.
By entering into service of all companies in the I. Organized Industrial Zone, new
employment area will be ensured to 3.000-5.000 persons. About 7000 workers are
employed in the small and medium scale industrial establishments located in provincewide.
Within the subject matter project scope, construction phase was foreseen as 30
months, during the construction period, many disciplines such as construction, electric,
mechanic will work together. All the way through construction, it is planned to employ
maximum 1.000 personnel at once. In the worksite, different amount of persons will work
in different times, and average number of persons working simultaneously was foreseen
as 500 persons. In the operation phase of the project, it is foreseen to employ 40 persons.
Since these personnel will be provided from locals as much as possible, labor
employment to the local community will be ensured with the project.
VII.3.6
Other Characteristics
There is no subject to be conveyed in this section.
132
A-
SECTION VIII.
EFFECTS OF THE PROJECT ON THE AREA DEFINED IN
SECTION IV, AND THE MEASURES TO BE TAKEN (In this section, the effects of
the project on the physical and biological environment, the legal, administrative
and technical measures to be taken in order to prevent these effects, to minimize
and to improve them are explained in detail under VIII.1 and VIII.2. headings).
VIII.1. Site Preparation, Activities at the Stages of Construction and Installation,
Effects on the Physical and Biologic Environment, and Measures to be Taken
VIII.1.1
Site Preparation, and the amounts and locations of excavations to
be made within the scope of the construction of the units; how and where the
excavation residues such as stones, sands etc. are to be transported, and for
which purposes are to be used; materials, tools and equipments to be used;
dust emitting mechanical procedures such as crushing, grinding, transport and
storage, and measures to be taken against dust spread.
Within the scope of the said project, the activity site was chosen as the area of
approximately 227.000 m2 in land parcel no.6, island no. 103, which is situated in Kılıçlar
Muncipality, Yahşihan Town, Kırıkkale Province.
An average of 30 cm top-soil removal procedure is envisaged in activity site where
the vegetable soil exists. It is planned that project area is 227,000 m2 and vegetable soil is
excavated approximately 68,100 m3 (227,000x0.3). The vegetable soil in the upper part of
the ground in the project site will be removed, and the removed soil shall be protected by
grassing in order to ensure that the soil does not lose its properties. The said vegetable soil
shall be stored and following the construction activities, it will be used in rehabilitation
works.
Before commencing the construction works, land arrangement works shall be made
over the activity site and following this, construction work shall be commenced. During land
arrangement and construction works, approximately 800,000 m3 excavation works shall be
made, and approximately 650,000 m3 part of excavation soil from the excavation soil shall be
used in backfilling procedure.
The Amount of Vegetable Soil
The Amount of Excavation Soil
The Amount of the excavation soil shall
be used in backfilling procedure
:
:
:
68.100 m3
800.000 m3
650.000 m3
In addition, approximately 66,000 m3 filling material of various properties will be
obtained from the market in order to in back filling works. Excess excavation material of
approximately 150,000 m3 to be obtained shall dumped in any creek bed, surface water
resource, agricultural land, and forestry areas.
133
The provisions of “Regulations on Control of Excavation Soil, Construction and
Demolition Work Wastes”, which was published and enacted in the Official Gazette of
18.03.2004 with no. 25406, and the provisions of the “Regulations on Soil Pollution
Control and on the Point Source Polluted Soils”, which was published and enacted in the
Official Gazette of 08.06.2010 with no. 27605, shall be complied with during the storage of
the excess excavation material obtained within the scope of the project.
The provisions of “Industrial Air Pollution Control Regulation”, which was published
and enacted in the Official Gazette of 03.07.2009 with no. 27277, shall be complied with
during the transport, loading and storage of the excavation soil in the project site. Loading
and unloading shall be made without causing any material scattering; trucks will be
covered with canvas material, and in order to prevent dust formation, water sprinkling
shall be made as necessary. In this scope, all transport works shall be made covered.
Dust emission will occur due to land arrangement and excavation – filling activities
to be executed during the construction works of the project.
Further, a ready-mixed concrete plant of 100 m3/h capacity to be used in the
construction stage is envisaged within the scope of the project, and approximately 50,000
m3 of ready-mixed concrete shall be produced during civil works. The aggregate material
required for concrete production shall be procured from the market as the ready material.
Temporary construction camp and ready-mixed concrete plant shall be installed in a
suitable location in the project site. Depending on the concrete type planned to be
produced; cement, water and certain additives (melamine and powder polymer based)
shall be loaded in the mixer unit by automatic weighting; these additives are used to
increase the strength, density and workability of the concrete, to decrease the amount of
mixing water, and to act as the anti-freeze, depending on the concrete properties required.
The produced ready-mixed concrete is discharged from the concrete silos to the transmixers, which also carry the concrete to the construction camp where it will be used. The
ready-mixed concrete plant shall be used during the construction phase, and it will be shut
down upon completion of the construction phase. The materials planned to be used in the
ready-mixed concrete plant, and their amounts are given below:
Aggregate
Cement
Additives
: 62,500 m3
: 14,375 tons
: 170 tons
134
Table 54. Quantities of the Excavation / Materials to Be Processed during the Construction Phase within the
Scope of the Project
Amount
Excavation/ Material Source - Unit
Land arrangement – Construction Works
(m3)
Density
kg/dm
3
ton/m3
Quantity
(tons)
Excavation period
Material
Quantity
(mo)
(day)
(hour)
(tons/h)
800,000
1.60
1,280,000
12
30
16
222
650,000
1,60
1,040,000
12
30
16
181
66,000
2,33
153,780
12
30
16
27
Ready-Mixed Concrete
50,000
2.33
116,500
12
30
16
20
Aggregate
62,500
1.80
112,500
12
30
16
20
14,375
12
30
16
2
– Excavation Works
Construction Works Material from the
– Filling
Excavation
Material
Procured
from Outside
Cement
Since the excess excavation soil will be stored in a suitable location and the
transport to this location, excavation discharge to it and the storage of the excavation
material there will be made at different times and in different locations, these operations
are considered separately.
As the excavation and filling works will be carried out at the same time with
concrete production and in the same location, the dust emissions to be generated are
considered together. Since the excess excavation soil will be stored in a location to be
shown by Kılıçlar Municipality, and since the transport to this location, excavation
discharge to it and the storage of the excavation material there will be made at different
times and in different locations, these operations are considered separately.
Mass flow calculations for the dust emissions for the units included within the
scope of the Project were made on the basis of “Industrial Air Pollution Control
Regulation”, which was published and enacted in the Official Gazette of 03.07.2009 with
no. 27277, and on the basis of Dust Emission Factors given in Table 12.6 in Annex-12
and the reference values issued by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. As a result,
the said reference values are given below:
Sources
Emission Factors kg/ton
Uncontrolled
Contolled
0,025
0,0125
0,010
0,005
0,7
0,35
0,010
0,005
0.36
0,0005
Removal
Loading
Transport (total return distance)
Unloading
Cement Unloading
Below, the generated dust emission values as per the operations involving dust
emissions in the activity site are calculated.
135
Table 55. Amounts of Dust Emissions to be Generated during the Construction Phase
Uncontrolled Condition
Material Amount
(ton/h)
Emission Factor
(kg/ton)
Mass Flow Value of Dust
Emission (kg/h)
Excavation Removal
222
0.025
5.55
Excavation Dumping
208
0.01
2.08
Excavation Loading
41
0.01
0.41
Agreganın Boşaltılması
20
0.01
0.20
Çimentonun Boşaltılması
2
0.36
0.72
Hazır Betonun Yüklenmesi
20
0.01
0.20
20
0.70
0.18
Emission Sources
Hazır Betonun Gerekli
Concrete
Plant
Ünitelere Taşınması1
1
Distance of transport
0.5
Amount of material carried by a truck in one run
40
TOTAL
9,34
Controlled Condition
Material Amount
(ton/h)
Emission Factor
(kg/ton)
Emission (kg/h)
Excavation Removal
222
0.0125
2,78
Excavation Dumping
208
0.005
1,04
Excavation Loading
41
0.005
0.21
Aggregate unloading
20
0,005
0,10
Cement unloading
2
0,0005
0,001
20
0,005
0,10
20
0,35
0,09
Emisyon Kaynağı
Loading Ready-Mixed
Concrete
Concrete
Plant
Transporting Ready-Mixed
Concrete to the Necessary
Units
1
1
0,5
40
TOTAL
4,32
The dust emissions expected to be generated while transporting the excavated
material loaded onto the are calculated as shown below.
136
Table 56. Expected Dust Emissions During Transporting Excavated Soil During Construction Phase
Emission Source
Emission Factor
(kg/ton)
Material Quantity
(tons/h)
Excavation Transport*
41
Emission (kg/h)
0.70
0.36
1*
0.5
40
Emission Source
Emission Factor
(kg/ton)
Material Quantity
(tons/h)
Excavation Transport*
41
Emission (kg/h)
0.35
0.18
1*
0.5
40
When the calculated dust emissions are evaluated on the basis of “Industrial Air
Pollution Control Regulation”, which was published and enacted in the Official Gazette of
03.07.2009 with no. 27277, provided in Table 2.1 in Annex-2, the Dust Modeling was
prepared by using AERMOD for the construction activities exceeding 1 kg/h limit value is
given below.
During modelling works, the meteorological data of 2004 recorded by Kırıkkale
Meteorological Station (Station No: 17135; latitude: 39.51 N; longitude: 33.31 E) of General
Directorate for State Meteorological Affairs have been used.
Table 57 Results and Assessment of Suspended Particulate Matter and Precipitated Dust Distribution
Short-term
Limit Value
Long-term
Value
1st Maximum
Long-term
Value
2nd Maximum
180
114.75
(x:535000,
y:4418000)
Sidehill
31.80
(x:534987,
y:4418091)
Farmhouse
37.74
(x:534987,
y:4418091)
Farmhouse
494
63.53
(x:535000,
y:4418000)
Sidehill
12.95
(x:534987,
y:4418091)
Farmhouse
Short-term
Value
Short-term
Limit Value
Long-term
Value
1st Maximum
Long-term
Value
2nd Maximum
Distribution Result on
Distance Basis of the
Suspended Particulate Matter
(g/m3)
28.90
(x:534987,
y:4418091)
Farmhouse
180
53.01
(x:535000,
y:4418000)
Sidehill
14.69
(x:534987,
y:4418091)
Farmhouse
Precipitated Matter
(mg/m2.gün)
17.43
(x:534987,
y:4418091)
Farmhouse
494
29.34
(x:535000,
y:4418000)
Sidehill
5,98
(x:534987,
y:4418091)
Farmhouse
Short-term
Value
Suspended Particulate Matter
(g/m3)
62.57
(x:534987,
y:4418091)
Farmhouse
Precipitated Matter
(mg/m2.gün)
137
Long-term Limit
Value
96
266
Long-term Limit
Value
96
266
Irmak Municipality
Hacıbalı Village
Yahşihan Town
Figure 55. On the Topographical Map: Under Uncontrolled Conditions for 24 Hours
1st Maximum Concrentations of Suspended Particulate Matter on Distance Basis
138
Irmak Municipality
Hacıbalı Village
Yahşihan Town
Figure 56. On the Topographical Map: Under Uncontrolled Conditions for 24 Hours
1st Maximum Values of Participated Dust on Distance Basis
139
Irmak Municipality
Hacıbalı Village
Yahşihan Town
Figure 57. On the Topographical Map: Under Uncontrolled Conditions Annual
Maximum Concrentations of Suspended Particulate Matter on Distance Basis
140
Irmak Municipality
Hacıbalı Village
Yahşihan Town
Figure 58. On the Topographical Map: Under Uncontrolled Conditions Annual
Maximum Values of Participated Dust on Distance Basis
141
Irmak Municipality
Hacıbalı Village
Yahşihan Town
Figure 59. On the Topographical Map: Under Controlled Conditions for 24 Hours
1st Maximum Concrentations of Suspended Particulate Matter on Distance Basis
142
Irmak Municipality
Hacıbalı Village
Yahşihan Town
Figure 60. On the Topographical Map: Under Controlled Conditions for 24 Hours
1st Maximum Values of Participated Dust on Distance Basis
143
Irmak Municipality
Hacıbalı Village
Yahşihan Town
Figure 61. On the Topographical Map: Under Controlled Conditions Annual
Maximum Concrentations of Suspended Particulate Matter on Distance Basis
144
Irmak Municipality
Hacıbalı Village
Yahşihan Town
Figure 62. On the Topographical Map: Under Controlled Conditions Annual
Maximum Concrentations of Precipitated Dust on Distance Basis
Mass flow value of the dust generated from the activities carrying out within the
scope of the Project was calculated according to Annex 12-d of Industrial Air Pollution
Control Regulation (IAPCR) by using both controlled factors and uncontrolled condition
factors.
145
When each emission source is evaluated as per IAPCR Annex 12-d C.1.4. by taking
into account IAPCR and Regulations on Air Quality Assessment and Management”, which
was published and enacted in the Official Gazette 06.06.2008 with no. 26898 and
Regulations Amending the Regulations on Air Quality Assessment and Management”,
which was published and enacted in the Official Gazette of 05.05.2009 with no. 27219,
short-term limit value of suspended particulate matter is 180 g/m3 and long-term limit
value of suspended particulate matter is 96 g/m3; long-term limit value of precipitated
dust is 494 g/m3 and long-term limit value of precipitated dust is 266 g/m3.
By using uncontolled condition emmission factors, short-term concentration value,
which is a Result of Suspended Particulate Matter Distribution based on Distance
calculated with the dust emmission mass flow, is 62,57 g/m3 and not exceed the short
term limit value which is 180 g/m3.
By using uncontolled condition emmission factors, long-term 1st maximum
concentration value, which is a Result of Suspended Particulate Matter Distribution based
on Distance calculated with the dust emmission mass flow, is 114.75 g/m3 and exceeds
the long term limit value which is 96 g/m3. However, in the point in question there is no
residential area or agricultural fields and concentration value develops on the sidehill near
the Project area. Long-term 2nd maximum concentration value which is 31,80 g/m3
develops on farm house approximately 200 m far from the Project area and it is much less
than the long-term limit value, 96 g/m3.
By using uncontolled condition emmission factors, short-term concentration value,
which is a Result of Participated Dust Distribution based on Distance calculated with the
dust emmission mass flow, is 37,74 mg/m3 and not exceed the short term limit value
which is 494 mg/m3. Moreover, 1st maximum value, a Result of Participated Dust
Distribution based on distance, is 63,53 mg/m2.day and it does not exceed the long-term
limit value which is 266 mg/m2.day.
During construction period, the areas will be moisturized by spreying water with
sprinklers in working sites, truck movement areas, construction equipment work areas and
during loading-unloading operations work will be performed carefully in order to prevent
scattering under controlled conditions.
By using contolled condition emmission factors, short-term concentration value,
which is a Result of Suspended Particulate Matter Distribution based on Distance
calculated with the dust emmission mass flow, is 28,90 g/m3 and not exceed the short
term limit value which is 180 g/m3. Moreover, 1st maximum concentration value, a Result
of Suspended Particulate Matter Distribution based on Distance, is 53,01 g/m2.day and it
is much less than the long-term limit value which is 96 /m2.day.
By using contolled condition emmission factors, short-term concentration value,
which is a Result of Participated Dust Distribution based on Distance calculated with the
dust emmission mass flow, is 17,43 mg/m3 and not exceed the short term limit value
which is 494 mg/m3. Moreover, 1st maximum value, a Result of Participated Dust
146
Distribution based on Distance, is 29,34 mg/m2.day and it does not exceed the long-term
limit value which is 266 mg/m2.day.
By using contolled condition emmission factors, a Result of Suspended Particulate
Matter Distribution based on Distance and a Result of Participated Dust Distribution based
on Distance calculated with the dust emmission mass flow do not exceed short-term and
long-term limit values.
VIII.1.2
Transport and Storage of Explosive, Inflammable, Dangerous and
Toxic Materials to be used during Site Preparation and also during the
Construction of the Units; For Which Procedures to Use them, and the Tools
and Machines to be used for these Procedures
A temporary storage facility will be installed for the fuel required for the machinery and
equipment that will operate in land arrangement and construction works within the scope of the
project. The bottom part of this storage facility shall be made of concrete, and its surrounding will
be covered with a leakage barrier against leakages and spills. In addition, the oil changes
needed by the machines shall be performed in the maintenance department to be set up in the
site, and will be brought in upon the need. A continuous storage shall not be made. Apart from
this, no inflammable, explosive, dangerous and toxic materials shall be used. Within the scope
of the project, no explosions shall be made during land arrangement and construction works.
VIII.1.3
Works to be implemented for ground safety (bearing strength,
allowable stress, settlement calculations)
The geological structure in the project site is comprised generally of current
alluviums in the Kızılırmak river bed, of slope rubbles and terrace materials in almost all of
the site, and of the Hisarköy formation (Kkh) and serpentines above 700-705 m altitudes.
The upper levels of the slope rubbles and terrace materials are of loose – medium
compact nature, and lower altitudes are compact – very compact nature. The bearing
strength of the loose-medium compact nature ground is around 0.88 kg/cm2 and this value
increase to qem = 3,4 kg/cm2. The bearing strength in the rock material ranges between 5
– 16 kg/cm2.
In the power plant site; slope rubbles or terrace materials with sandy-stony nature,
or terrace materials and basement rocks are problem-free grounds with respect to
swelling and settlement. Such risks are not expected in such grounds.
147
VIII.1.4
Seismicity Seismicity
With respect to seismicity; Kırıkkale provincial center is located on earthquake zone
of Degree I while it decreases gradually towards north and falls to Degree IV. As can be
seen in Figures 60 and 61below, Project Site remains in an earthquake zone of Degree II.
Regarding with the project studies, the provisions set forth in Regulations on the
Buildings to be Constructed in Disaster Zones shall be complied with.
148
N
st
1 Degree
2
nd
Degree
rd
3 Degree
th
4 Degree
th
5 Degree
GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF NATURAL DISASTERS
EARTHQUAKE RESEARCH CENTER
ANKARA-TURKEY
Figure 63. Seismic Map of Turkey
149
City Center
Province Border
st
1 Degree
nd
2 Degree
rd
3 Degree
th
4 Degree
Project
Area
th
5 Degree
City Center
County Seat
Township
Active Faults (MTA)
Road
Highway
Railway
River
County Border
Province Border
EARTHQUAKE RESEARCH DEPARTMENT ANKARA
Figure 64. Kırıkkale province seismic map
150
VIII.1.5
Natural Disaster Status, and precautions to be taken against block fall,
landslide, and floods
In the activity site covered by the project, no natural disasters such as landslide,
swelling, effluence, avalanche have occurred up to now, and there are no decision taken on
the site by the Council of Ministers as being a Region Subject to Natural Disaster. Since
there is not any existing planning in the project site, there are not any geological studies to
be used as the basis for the plan.
As the land is inclined, it is inevitable to perform sloppy excavation. Therefore, it is
absolutely necessary to remove the loose parts located over the ground comprised of slope
rubble and terrace materials, and to socket the buildings on the main rock using an appropriate
foundation system in the lower levels. In the excavations to be made in grounds consisting of
compact slope rubble + terrace material, it is planned to apply a slope ratio of 1/1. With the
slope applications, rock fallings shall be prevented. In addition, draining ditches shall be
opened over the slope, and possible flooding in the plant will be discharged.
VIII.1.6
Where and how flood prevention and drainage works will be made
No decisions as to flood site, archeological area and protection zone etc. have been
taken by the relevant organizations concerning with the area where the natural gas cycle
power plant is to be installed. The locations where the plant units and switchyard field are to
be seated within the scope of the natural gas cycle power plant are above the flood elevation
of Kızılırmak river.
The flood and drainage channels, duct systems and ground structures which will be
projected for the plant will be planned according to 100.8 mm that is precipitation value seen
once in 100 years.
The surrounding areas of the said ESER NGCP activity site will be encircled with a
drainage structure in order to collect rain waters that will flood in without they enter into the
project site. The rain waters that will be collected with the said drainage structure will be
discharge into Kızılırmak River. Further, draining ditches shall be dug over the slopes made
on the hills for drainage works in order to discharge floods that may occur in the plant.
151
Date / Rev: SEPTEMBER 2011 / 00
VIII.1.7
Water supply study and plan within the scope of the project, where
the water will be supplied, amount of water to be obtained from the possible
resources and amounts of these waters for usage purposes, their properties,
where and how they will be supplied, amount and properties of the wastewater to
be generated, how it will be treated and where it will be discharges, measures to be
taken in this respect (preparation of a water management plan concerning drinking
and service water, explanation on what to do in case of shortage of water supply).
Construction phase within the scope of the project activity is foreseen as 30 months,
and several professional disciplines such as construction, electrical and mechanical
branches will work together during the construction phase. It is planned to employ
approximately maximum 1,000 employees at the same time during the construction works.
Different number of employees will work at different times, and on average, a total of 500
employees will work at the same time.
Water need per capita was taken as 150 liters/day, and thus, maximum water need is
calculated as 150 m3/day and on average, as 75 m3/day.
The drinking water to meet the demand of the personnel will be provided from the
drinking water network in the region and/or it will be purchased from the market.
Assuming that all of the water used by the personnel will return as wastewater, a daily
maximum 150 m3/day and on average 75 m3/day wastewater will be generated. In this
respect, the facilities (WC, Shower etc) in the project site to be set up shall be used to meet
the needs of the personnel. During construction period, wastewater treatment plant will be
desingned to treat 150 m3/h wastewater originating from maximum 1.000 personnel which
will work in the construction phase of wastewater treatment plant
The wastewater of domestic nature to be generated will be treated in the Packet
Domestic Water Treatment Facility to be set up inside the project site. The basic goal in the
wastewater treatment will be to minimize any adverse effects that may occur on the public
health and ecological balance where the wastewater is discharged. The said Packet
Domestic Water Treatment Facility will be designed as a standard plant to contain all the
basic processes used in the treatment of domestic wastewaters. Before the Packet Domestic
Water Treatment Facility is commissioned, the approval of the said Facility will be obtained
pursuant to Directive of 29.04.2005 with no. 2005/05.
Water Pollution Control Regulations, which was published and enacted in the Official
Gazette of 31.12.2004 with no. 25687, contains the following provisions: Article 26. a reads
as follows: “For the wastewater sources that are located outside the urban areas and that
discharges directly into the receiving medium, separate or common wastewater treatment
facilities should be established in order to treat these wastewaters..”. Article 26.e reads as
follows: “Real and judicial persons, depending on their activity type, are obliged to meet the
discharge standards given in Table 5 to Table 21 in the annex of this Regulation for the
wastewaters they discharge into the receiving medium”. In addition, Article 27 of the same
Regulations reads as follows: “The standard values to be complied with when discharging
domestic wastewaters into receiving aquatic mediums are given in Table 21.”
152
Taking into account the said provisions, and since maximum 1,000 personnel will be
employed in the temporary construction camp during the project site, the Standards for
Discharging Domestic Wastewater into Receiving Medium given in Table 58 shall be complied
with. Domestic wastewaters that will be generated during the construction phase of the Plant
will be treated in a Package Wastewater Treatment Facility, appropriate discharge limits will
be obtained and then they will be discharged into Kızılırmak River.
Table 58. Water Pollution Control Regulation- Table 21.1: Sector: Domestic Wastewaters* (Class 1: Pollution
Load as Raw BOD Being between 5-120 Kg/Day, Population = 84 - 2000)
Parameter
Unit
Biochemical
Oxygen
Demand
(BOD5)
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
Suspended Solids (SS)
pH
(mg/L)
Composite Sample Composite Sample
2–hour
24-hour
50
45
(mg/L)
(mg/L)
-
180
70
6-9
120
45
6-9
The water needed during construction and used in Ready-mixed Concrete Plant will be
provided from caisson wells. Ready-mixed Concrete Plant will contain covered silo, bands and
bunkers.
The Concrete Plant to be used during the construction stage within the scope of the
project will also be set up inside the temporary construction camp. The Ready-Mixed Concrete
Plant shall be used during the construction period, which will be shut down upon completion of
the construction stage.
Approximately 250 liters of water is required for the production of 1 m 3 concrete in the
Concrete Plant. Approximately 180 liters of water will be used as an additive in the concrete
and approximately 70 liters of water will be used in the cleaning of the concrete mixers.
Accordingly, the required water amounts are given below:
Concrete Production Amount
(m3)
50,000
Necessary
Additive
9,000
Water
Washing
3,500
Amounts (m3)
Total
12,500
Assuming that the all the washing waters of concrete mixers will return as the
wastewater, then a total of 3,500 m3 washing water will be generated. The washing waters
from Concrete Plant will be placed in a settling pond. Total washing water within the scope of
the project is approximately 3.500 m3, and hourly production of wastewater is calculated to be
0.61 m3/h.
The settling pond will have 3 compartments, whereby, the first section will be for
balancing and preliminary precipitation, the second section will be for precipitation, and the
3rd section will be used for settling. Since 10-15 minutes will be sufficient for the precipitation
procedure and related calculations are given below. Total Washing Water originating from
Concrete Plant is 3.500 m3, during construction period Concrete Plant will work
approximately all 12 months round. Accordingly:
153
The Amount of Washing Water:
3.500 m3
12 month
x month
30 days
x day
16 h
Settling Pond Calculation:
0,61 m3
1h
x
x
1h
60 dk
= 0,61 m3/h
(Washing water that will be originated
in 1 hour)
= 0,15 m3
15min
As can be seen calculation above, in settling pond each 15 minutes 0,15 m3 washing
water will be processed. According to this, 0,15 m3 capacity of one section will be sufficent.
Just in case, each section of settling pond will have at least 4m3 capacity and totally 12 m3
capacity.
Volume of the Pond’s Each Section = 4 m3
Total Volume of the Pond = 4 x 3 =12 m3 is taken.
After the suspended solids are removed from the wastewaters in the settling ponds,
the clarified water will be used in the washing procedures. The part of this water that is not
used will be discharged into the creek following the physical treatment.
Only physical treatment will be made in the settling pond, and no chemicals will be
used for this purpose.
The sludge obtained after the precipitation will be dried and will be used as a filling
material in the land improvement works. Settling Pond schematicaly is given in Figure 65.
The Washing Water
originating
from
Concrete Plant
Excess Water
Discharge
Water to use
Re-washing
Physical Treatment
Balancing and
precipitation
Precipitation
Settling
Sludge
Filling
Figure 65. Settling Pond
154
Relevant provisions of Water Pollution Control Regulations, which was published and
enacted in the Official Gazette of 31.12.2004 with no. 25687, shall be complied with during
the entire activity.
Water will also be used to prevent dust formation during the activities executed during
the construction stage, and it is foreseen to use approximately 10-15 m3 water/day. The
majority of the water used for preventing dust formation in the working areas will be absorbed
by the soil, and the remaining part will evaporate depending on the seasonal effects. Thus,
no wastewater will be generated from this stage in the plant.
VIII.1.8
How much water will be used for project units and for which
processes; the quantities of water for drinking and service usage, for dust
elimination; where and how it will be supplied; preliminary treatments to be applied
to the water (including treatment units and the units where it is added as mixing –
feeding water); water preparation main diagram; water vapor cycle, process
flowchart, water internal procedures to be applied in the cycle; the chemicals to be
used or the name of the internal procedure method,
The duration of the construction phase within the scope of the project activity is
foreseen approximately 30 months, and several professional disciplines such as
construction, electrical and mechanical branches will work together during the construction
phase. It is planned to employ approximately maximum 1,000 employees at the same time
during the construction works. Different number of employees will work at different times, and
on average, a total of 500 employees will work at the same time.
Water need per capita was taken as 150 liters/day, and thus, maximum water need is
calculated as 150 m3/day and on average, as 75 m3/day. The drinking water to meet the
demand of the personnel will be provided from the drinking water network in the region and/or it
will be purchased from the market.
Water needed for construction works, and the water to be used in Ready-Mixed Concrete
Plant will be obtained from the caisson well located around the project site.
The Concrete Plant to be used during the construction stage within the scope of the
project will also be set up inside the temporary construction camp. The Ready-Mixed Concrete
Plant shall be used during the construction period, which will be shut down upon completion of
the construction stage.
Approximately 250 liters of water is required for the production of 1 m 3 concrete in the
Concrete Plant. Approximately 180 liters of water will be used as an additive in the concrete
and approximately 70 liters of water will be used in the cleaning of the concrete mixers.
Assuming that the all the washing waters of concrete mixers will return as the wastewater,
then a total of 3,500 m3 washing water will be generated. The washing waters from Concrete
Plant will be placed in a settling pond.
155
Water will also be used to prevent dust formation during the activities executed during
the construction stage, and it is foreseen to use approximately 10-15 m3 water/day for this
purpose. The majority of the water used for preventing dust formation in the working areas
will be absorbed by the soil, and the remaining part will evaporate depending on the
seasonal effects.
It is assumed that no pre-treatment will be necessary for the waters to be used during
the construction phase. The information as to how much water will be used for the project units
during the operation phase, where and how it will be obtained, and the pre-treatment
processes to be applied to the water is given under heading VIII.2.3.
During the construction stage, Environment Permission Certificate will be obtained for
the discharge of the treated water into receiving medium, in accordance with the provisions
of the Regulations on the Licenses and Permissions to be Obtained Under Environment Law,
which was published and enacted in Official Gazette of 29.04.2009 with no. 27214.
VIII.1.9
Materials to be used in cooling water and discharge structures within
the project scope, precautions to be taken during the construction of the
structures related with cooling water.
The water to be needed during the project operation phase will be obtained by
opening Caisson wells. Opening a total of 7-10 caisson wells is planned within the project
scope.
A reverse-flow fan draft cooling tower is planned within the scope of the project. The
air is drafted vertically from the bottom part of the tower, it goes against the water flow, and is
then discharged into the atmosphere at a high speed. The condensate cooler is designed to
contain 18 cells, 1 being reserve.
The materials used in cooling towers are generally selected in a manner to meet the
expected water qualities.
The materials used in cooling towers today and their general properties are given
below:
Metallic Material:
Galvanize-coated steel material is used in small and medium sized towers. For large
welding locations, hot-dipping procedure is used after the manufacturing. For the body
section, hod-dipping galvanize, cadmium and zinc coating is applied. Brass and bronze are
used for special body, pipe and connection parts. Metal sheet of stainless steel (basically
302, 304 and 316) is used in drive shafts and in very corrosive towers or to prolong the
service life of the tower. Cold water ponds made of stainless steel are more preferred.
Polyurethane and PVC coated metals are also used for special elements.
156
Plastic Material:
Fiberglass reinforced plastics (known as FRP) are widely used in pipe installations,
fan cylinders, body, shutters and structural connection elements. Polypropylene and
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) are used in the manufacturing of injecsion-cast
elements such as filled bars and flow orifices. Polyethylene is used in hot and cold water
ponds. In larger systems, reinforced plastic mortar, neoprene –seal connections are used.
Graphite Compounds:
Drive shafts containing graphite compounds are available to use in cooling tower
installations. These shafts provide a powerful alternative with corrosion resistance for the
stainless steel or steel shafts, and they are cheaper, they have less tolerance to axial
eccentricity, and transmit less vibration.
Concrete, Mortar and Brick:
Concrete is a material typically used for the cold water pools of the cooling towers that
are manufactured at the site, and pipe supports are applied in the structural systems of the
large towers; it is applied in power plants and industrial applications. In locations where
aesthetical aspects are important, special bricks and mortar material are applied.
It is foreseen that the cooling tower included within the project scope are designed to
be installed on the concrete floor, made of concrete or fiber-supported plastic or wood. It is
planned that filling works will be made with polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Cooling towers are
designed in counter-flow system, in which counter-flow water drips from top to bottom in the
cooling tower while the air moves upwards. After the heated water is taken inside the tower,
the entire tower sprays uniformly over the cooling tower area by means of the sprinklers from
top to the bottom.
In addition, the information as to how much water will be used for which processes in
project units during the operation phase of the plant, where and how it will be supplied, and the
preliminary to be applied to the water is given in detail under the heading VIII.2.3.
VIII.1.10
Required for the Natural Gas Pipeline
Approximately 1.109 m3 of natural gas will be used annually within the scope of the
project for power generation, including fuel losses. The fuel to be used will be obtained from
BOTAŞ Natural Gas Pipeline.
A preliminary route study was carried out on 18.05.2011 in the field upon the
participation of BOTAŞ Ankara Division Directorate, Department Head of Field Construction
and Expropriation, and Farcan Energy Staff in order to supply natural gas to the RMS-A
station to be installed for ESER NGCCPP. The minutes for this study is given in the Annex
(See Annex-8).
157
As mentioned in the Minutes, the 48” Samsun-Ankara Natural Gas Pipeline passes just
nearby the project site, and Hot-Tap application will be made approximately at 365+272 Km
at an appropriate point of the Pipeline, which will terminate at the RMS-A stations to be set up
in one of the 2 alternative points (as a result of the revised field route study to be carried out
upon determination of the exact location of RMS-A).
Since the entire length of the pipeline remains within the project site, there will be no
expropriation for the lands. In case the valve location remains outside the point where HotTap application is to be set up, then expropriation will be needed for the ownership of this
land. After the completion of EIA procedure, expropriation files will be prepared and
approved to the Cadastral Office, the land section where the pipeline passes through, the
easement right will be assigned to BOTAŞ free of charge in the Title Deed Office.
During the construction of the pipeline, the Regulations of BOTAŞ on “Safety and
Environment Concerning Construction and Operation of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Pipeline
Installations will be complied with.
Moreover, for the safety of Samsun-Ankara natural gas pipeline and environment
minimum 50 m from the axis of pipeline will be preserved, the area in question will not be
used in no circumstances (construction site, storage, parking).
The Satellite View and Pictures showing the pipeline route and project site are given
below respectively in Figure 66 and Figure 67.
Figure 66. Satellite View showing the Natural Gas Pipeline Route and Project Site
158
Figure 67. Picture Showing Project Site and Natural Gas Pipeline Route
The Natural Gas Regulation and Measurement Station to be set up inside the project
site (RMS-A) will be established in a location different from the Power Plant Building.
VIII.1.11
Types and quantities of the solid wastes to be generated as a result of
the works to be executed until the commissioning the units from the land
preparation (undertaking that it will not disposed to the creek beds), where these
wastes are to be disposed of or for what purpose they will be used.
The wastes originating during construction period of the Project are domestic solid
wastes (glass, paper, plastic etc.), solid organic domestic wastes originating from personel
food service and solid wastes originating from excavation and construction operations.
The type, amount, measures and discharging methods of solid wastes originating during
the construction period of the Project are given as pivottable, in Table 59.
159
Table 59. Construction Period Solid Waste Pivottable
Waste
Source
Amount
Measures to be taken
Discharcing
Methods
1.150
kg/day
The wastes will be accumulated separatly from other wastes in
closed impermable containers, the related provisions of Solid Waste
Control Regulation will be applied, it will be provided that material
which could be recovered and/or recycled will be reused by
accumulating separately, after making sludge analysis, according to
the results proper disposal will be done.
The wastes will be
collected
by
municipality
periodically.
Variable*
The wastes will be accumulated in impermable containers, to
dispose wastes to environment under uncontrolled conditions will be
prevented, yhe related provisions of waste vegetable oils control
regulation will be applied.
The wastes will be
given to Licenced
Firms
Variable*
The wastes will be accumulated separatetly from other wastes in
closed impermable containers, the related provisions of Solid Waste
Control Regulation will be applied, it will be provided that material
which could be recovered and/or recycled will be reused by
accumulating separately, the sludge originated from settling pond of
Concrete Plant will be used in reclemation and filling of land.
Waste Oils
Variable*
It will be provided to analyze waste oils and motor oils originating
from any type of machine and equipments which will be used in
construction activities by Authorized Laboratories. Wastes will be
submitted to Recovery and/or Disposal plants to discharge them
according to the results of the analysis. The related provisions of
Waste Oil Control Regulation will be applied.
The wastes will be
given to Licenced
Firms
End of life
tire
Variable*
It will be provided to send the tires originating from trucks which will
be used in construction works to authorized disposal plants, End of
Life Tire Control Regulation will be applied.
The wastes will be
given to authorized
disposal plnats.
Variable*
It will be provided to accumulate any types of waste bateries
seperately according to the provisions of the regulation, the
provisions of Waste Battery And Accumulator Control Regulation will
be applied.
The wastes will be
given to Licenced
Firms
Variable*
It will be provided to accumulate seperately from other wastes, it will
be prevented to mix wastes, to discharge eto environment under
uncontrolled conditions, the provision of Packaging and Waste
Packaging Control Regulation will be applied.
The wastes will be
given to Licenced
Firms
The wastes will be accumulated seperately in special containers, the
provisions of Medical Waste Control Regulation will be applied.
Medical Waste
Disposal
Agreementtwill be
signed with related
municipality and
disposed.
Waste Type
Personnel
Domestic
Vegetable
Waste Oil
Construction
Construction
and
Excavation
Wastes
Waste
Battery and
Accumulator
Packaging
Wastes
Medical
Wastes
Variable**
*Amounts will change during construction period
160
The wastes will be
re-used and collected
by municipality
periodically org iven
to Licenced Recycle
Firms.
The period for the installation of the units during the construction phase within the
scope of the project activity is foreseen as 30 months, and several professional disciplines
such as construction, electrical and mechanical branches will work together during the
construction phase. During this period, the Concrete Plant will also be operated. It is planned
to employ approximately maximum 1,000 staff at the same time during the construction
works. Different number of employees will work at different times, and on average, a total of
500 employees will work at the same time.
A temporary construction camp will be set up inside the project area for use in
construction activities, which will contain dining hall, kitchen, locker room, shower, WC, lavatory,
warehouse, administrative and technical offices for all the technical and social infrastructure
needs for the personnel who will be employed within the scope of the project.
The solid wastes to be generated during the project construction phase include
domestic solid wastes (glass, paper, plastic etc.) , organic domestic solid wastes originating
from lunch service of the personnel, and the solid wastes that will be generated during the
excavation and construction works during the construction phase.
The Regulations on General Principles of Waste Management, which was published
and enacted in the Official Gazette of 05.07.2008 with no. 26927 contains the following
provisions in this respect:
- Article 5.b “In situations where waste generation is unavoidable, it is principal that the
waste should be recovered or be used as an energy source by such procedures as recycling,
re-use, and by other procedures aiming to recover secondary raw materials.”
- Article 5.c. “During separation, collection, transport, recovery and disposal of the solid
wastes It is principal that the methods and processes that will cause no noise, vibration or
odor disturbances for water, air, soils, plants and animals, that will prevent adverse impacts
on the natural environment, and that will not harm environment and human health.”
And,
- Article 5.e. “Wastes can be recovered or disposed in the place where they are
generated provided that the requirements set forth in paragraph (c) of the first item. If this is
not possible, the waste owner in order to get the waste recovered or disposed of, is obliged to
send the waste by a waste carrier to a plant which performs the processes defined in Annex-II
A or in Annex-II B under a license issued by the Ministry for this purpose.
Concerning the record keeping for wastes, Article 11 of the same Regulations reads as
follows: “Plants and operations generating wastes, as well as the persons, organizations and
enterprises defined in Annex-II A and in Annex-II B which perform waste disposal and
recovery processes are obliged to keep regular records on the waste type, waste code
number defined in ANNEX-IV, waste quantity, the source of the waste, the plant sending the
waste, manner of transportation, and on the processes which the waste is subjected to as
per the methods specified in Annex-II A and in Annex-II B; and to maintain and keep these
records for a period of minimum 5 years, to submit them to the Ministry at intervals to be
defined by the Ministry, and to open these records for inspection and audit by the Ministry.
The domestic solid waste quantity generated by the personnel is calculated using 1.15
kg daily solid waste per capita (TUIK, 2008) as maximum 1,150 kg/day and on average 575
kg/day.
161
Taking into account the provisions of the Regulations on the General Principles of
Waste Management mentioned above, primarily, those solid wastes that are generated as a
result of construction activities and that can be recycled and/or re-used will be recycled or
reused at the locations where they are generated. The lumber for molding so generated will
be collected at certain time intervals. Collected lumber wastes will be distributed to the
surrounding villagers if there is a demand for them. If this is not possible, then the solid wastes
generated as a result of construction activities in the plant will be collected separately and will
be send to the licensed organization for recycling and/or disposal.
Pursuant to the provisions of the Regulations on the General Principles of Waste
Management, records shall be kept for the wastes for the waste type, waste code number,
waste quantity, the source of the waste, the plant sending the waste, manner of
transportation, and on the processes which the waste is subjected to as per the methods
specified in Annex-II A and in Annex-II B. These records will be maintained for a period of
minimum 5 years, submitted to the Ministry at intervals to be defined by the Ministry, and be
opened for the inspection and audit by the Ministry.
The wastes that can not be recycled (dishes and organic wastes etc.) will be collected
in rubbish containers to be provided inside the temporary construction camp. Pursuant to
Article 8 of Solid Waste Control Regulations, which was published and enacted in Official
Gazette of 14.03.1991 with no. 20814, these wastes shall be collected and stored separately
in order to prevent environmental pollution and to contribute the economy, and as per Article
18, Section 4 of the same Regulations on “Collection and Transport of Solid Wastes”, such
wastes will be discharged into areas where the environment can not be affected adversely.
These wastes will be kept in standard closed type rubbish containers and necessary
precautions will be taken.
Domestic solid wastes that are generated during construction works under the project
will be collected in sealed containers, transported to solid waste dumping sites of the nearest
Municipality at certain periods, and/or their disposal will be ensured through collection by the
said Municipality.
In order to recycle and recover packing wastes, which are included among the
domestic and construction solid wastes, in accordance with the provisions of the Regulations
on the Control of Packing Wastes, which was published and enacted in Official Gazette of
24.08.2011 with no. 28035, these wastes shall be separately collected in their source, stored
and send to the municipalities responsible for their collection and/or forwarded to the licensed
collection separation facilities.
In order to meet nutrition needs of the employees within the scope of the project,
primarily ready food supplied from the market will be preferred, while only serving the lunch in
the dining hall in the site. In case supply of the food from the market cannot be ensured due to
the fact that it is not suitable economically and/or due to similar reasons, then, the meals will
be prepared in the refectory to be set up in the site.
162
Regulations on Control of Vegetable Waste Oils, which was published and enacted in
Official Gazette of 19.04.2005 with no. 25791 stipulates in Article 5.k as follows;
“Restaurants, food factories, hotels, motels, refectories, touristic facilities and resort villages
and similar facilities that generate used fried oil are obliged to make annual contracts with
recycling plants or collectors with an environmental license for the collection of these oils.”
Article 10 of the same Regulations contains the following provision: “Waste oil
generating organizations are obliged to collect waste oils separate from other items and
rubbish materials; to use collection means such as barrels, containers and tanks which have
corrosion resistant internal and external surfaces, in order to store waste oils generated as a
result of their activities; to send waste oils to licensed recycling or disposal facilities through
carriers with an environment license; to use national waste transport form during the
shipment of waste oils and send one copy thereof to the relevant Governor’s office; to keep
such documents in their plant for a period of five years; to report any disputes that may arise
with recycling or disposal facilities to the relevant provincial environment and forestry
directorate, and to keep the disputed oils in their stores until the dispute is settled.”
Within the scope of the project, ready food supplied from the market will primarily be
preferred in order to meet nutrition needs of the employees while only serving the lunch in the
dining hall in the site. In such a case, attention will be paid to select a ready-food supply
company that has made annual contract with licenced waste oil collection or recycling
companies.
In such a case that supply of ready food from the market is not economically
applicable and/or such different factors the nourishment shall be prepared in dining hall
inside the construction camp.
According to the provisions of Waste Vegetable Oil Control Regulation published in
Official Gazette of 19 April 2005 with No: 25791 waste oils which will be originated, will be
accumulated seperately from other materials and wastes, impermable, collection vessels like
drums, container and tanks whose inner and outer surface are corrosion resistant will be
used to accumulate waste oils originating from construction activities, waste oils will be sent
to licenced recovery and/or disposal plants with licenced transportation firms, national waste
transportation form will be used for waste oil shipping and after each transportation the
copies of the form will be sent to governorate, the documents will be preserved in the plant
for 5 years, incompatibilities with recovery and/or disposal plants will be reported to related
provincial directorate of environment and forestry, when the incompatibilities are overcome,
waste oils which is subject to incompatibilities, will be protected in the storage of
construction site.
The vegetable soil to be generated during the land preparation works will be scraped
and removed for use later in land improvement works. These soil will be grassed to ensure it
does not lose its properties. . It is expected that 30 cm scrapping process will be done in the
areas having vegetable soils in construction area. It is planned that project area will be
227.000 m2, approximately (227.000x0,3) 68.100 m3 vegetable soil will be scrapped.
Landscape works shall be started in the plant site upon completion of the construction works.
The soils obtained from the excavation works will be primarily used in road and land
improvement works and filling works. The excess excavation soil originating from the, land
163
improvement and excavation works during the construction phase will be discharged according
to the provisions of “Regulations on Control of Excavation Soil, Construction and Demolition
Work Wastes” and also the provisions of the “Regulations on Soil Pollution Control and on
the Point Source Polluted Soils”, which was published shall be complied with during handling
of excess soil obtained within the scope of the project.
As stipulated in Article 5.d of “Regulations on Control of Excavation Soil, Construction
and Demolition Work Wastes”, which was published and enacted in the Official Gazette of
18.03.2004 with no. 25406, the excavation soil will not be mixed with construction /
demolition wastes.
The solid wastes accumulated during construction phase shall not be dumped in any
creek beds, surface water resources located around the project site and its surroundings.
VIII.1.12
Types of the fuels to be used in all works from the land preparation
until the commissioning of the units; consumption amounts, emissions to be
generated (how it will spread under meteorological conditions, ground level
concentration amounts occurring as a result of spread).
Emissions will occur from work machines to be operated project sites during land
preparation and construction stage. The list of envisaged machines to be operated in the site
is given in Table 60.
Table 60. Equipments to be used during Construction Stage
Work Machines
Quantity
1
1
3
3
2
2
2
1
8
2
1
2
2
5
2
4
D8 Dozer
D4 Dozer
Crane
Vibrator
Cylinder
Moto-pump
Loader
Grader
Truck
Water Tender
Vibratory Pad Foot Roller
Compressor
Minibus
Passenger Car
Generator
Excavator
164
List of Concrete Plant Equipment
Work Machine
Quantity
Concrete Plant
1
Transmixer
8
Concrete Pump
2
Loader
2
Truck
2
Generator
1
Water Tender
1
Mass emission flow is calculated using the Emission Factors (kg/ton-fuel) of DieselVehicles given in Table 61 below for the emission from the work machines and equipment.
Table 61. Emission Factors of Diesel Vehicles (kg/ton-fuel)
Pollutant
Diesel
Carbon monoxides
9,7
Hydrocarbons
29
Nitrogen Oxides
36
Sulfur Oxides
6,5
Dust
18
Resource: Principles of Air Pollution and Control, Aysen Müezzinoğlu, 2000
Table 62. Mass Flow Values of the Pollutants (kg/h)
Work Machines
Emission Generation Mass Flow Value (kg/h)
Carbon monoxides
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen
Sulfur
Oxides
Oxides
D8 Dozer
0.34
1.00
1.25
0.23
D4 Dozer
0.13
0.38
0.47
0.08
Crane
0.13
0.38
0.47
0.08
Vibrator
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.00
Cylinder
0.05
0.14
0.17
0.03
Moto-pump
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.01
Loader
0.17
0.50
0.62
0.11
Grader
0.17
0.50
0.62
0.11
Truck
0.13
0.38
0.47
0.08
Water Tender
0.13
0.38
0.47
0.08
Vibratory Pad Foot Roller
0.08
0.25
0.31
0.06
Compressor
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.00
Minibus
0.07
0.20
0.25
0.05
Passenger Car
0.05
0.15
0.19
0.03
Generator
0.02
0.05
0.06
0.01
Excavator
0.17
0.50
0.62
0.11
Emission Generation Mass Flow Value (kg/h)
Work Machines
Carbon monoxides
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen
Sulfur
Oxides
Oxides
Transmixer
0.13
0.38
0.47
0.08
Concrete Pump
0.36
1.08
1.34
0.24
Loader
0.17
0.50
0.62
0.11
Truck
0.13
0.38
0.47
0.08
Generator
0.02
0.05
0.06
0.01
Water Tender
0.13
0.38
0.47
0.08
Dust
0.62
0.23
0.23
0.01
0.09
0.02
0.31
0.31
0.23
0.23
0.16
0.01
0.12
0.09
0.03
0.31
Dust
0.23
0.67
0.31
0.23
0.03
0.23
Above, the emission calculation for each equipment to be used in the construction phase
is made and given. Following the completion of the construction works, emission generation
from the work machines will terminate. It is not expected that all the equipments work together
at the same time.
165
VIII.1.13
Sources and level of vibration and noise generated due the works to
be executed from the land preparation until commissioning of the units; their
cumulative values; preparation of the acoustic report on the basis of the Acoustic
Format available at the address of www.cevreorman.gov.tr pursuant to
“Regulations on Assessment and Management of the Environmental Noise”.
Article 8.c.2 of the “Regulations on Assessment and Management of the
Environmental Noise” (RAMEN), which was published and enacted in Official Gazette of
04.06.2010 with no. 27601, stipulates the following provision: “The operations and facilities
that are planned to be established and that are contained in Annex-1 and Annex-2 of the
“Regulations on the Permissions and Licenses to be Obtained under Environmental Law”, and
the transport sources that are contained in Articles 18, 19, 20 and 21 are obliged to take
necessary measures in accordance with the principles of these Regulations, in order to
prepare the part relevant with noise of the environmental impact assessment report or of the
project identification file.
Within the scope of ESER NGCCP project and pursuant to the relevant articles of the
relevant regulations, an Acoustic Report was prepared taking into account the project site
and surrounding settlement areas by Çınar Environmental Measurement and Analysis
Laboratory, which is accredited by Turkish Accreditation Institute (TURKAK) and which holds
the Environmental Measurement and Analysis Qualification Certificate issued by
Environmental and Urban Affairs Ministry. The said Acoustic Report contains background
noise level measurements at the points marked in Figure 68 below (See Annex-17).
As can be seen in the Acoustic Report included in the annex, the background noise
levels were determined as provided in Table 63.
166
Figure 68. Measurement Points of Background Noise Level
Table 63. Measurements of Background Noise Level (dBA)
Measurement
Point
1
2
3
4
Location
as
Project Site
per
North of Project Site
South of Project Site
1650m Northeast of
Project Site (Housing
Estate Project Site)
2150m Northeast of
Project Site (Hacıbalı
Village)
LDaytime
LEvening
LNight
Max.
72.3
84.7
88.4
Min.
45.3
47.5
31.7
Leq.
51.9
58.6
63.9
Max.
82.8
77.5
81.0
Min.
24.4
23.6
16.5
Leq.
59.0
50.3
48.3
Max.
74.8
37.7
80.5
Min.
31.8
31.9
32.3
Leq.
40.6
34.8
46.3
70.1
28.8
43.9
43.9
32.1
41.9
83.3
32.3
50.0
Explanation:
Ldaytime: This is the energy average of A weighted noise level as defined in TS 9315 (ISO 1996-1) and it was determined
according to the whole of daytime period or for a certain period within daytime frame.
Levening: This is the energy average of A weighted noise levels as defined in TS 9315 (ISO 1996-1) and it was determined
according to the whole evening period or for a certain period within evening frame.
Lnight: This is the energy average of A weighted noise levels as defined in TS 9315 (ISO 1996-1) and it was determined
according to a certain process within night time frame.
Leq TS 9315 (ISO 1996-1): Constant level of noise, which is equivalent in terms of energy of the noise whose levels show an
variation within a certain period.
Time frames in indicators;
Daytime: 12 hours from 07:00 till 19:00,
Evening: 4 hours from 19:00 till 23:00,
Night: 8 hours from 23:00 till 07:00.
It is expected that noise will occur from work machines (caterpillars) in construction
stage of the project, from the beginning of field preparation until the completion of
construction activity.
167
Appropriate protective tools and equipments such as helmets, earflaps or earmuffs
shall be provided in order to protect the health of the employees working in noisy
environments and to maintain the continuity of activity.
RAMEN Article 23.a stipulates that “Noise level emitted by activity types in temporary
construction camp can not exceed the limit values given in Table 5 in Annex-VII”.
Accordingly, Environmental Noise Limit Values given in Table 64 below shall be met during
the activities to be performed in construction stage.
Table 64. Environmental Noise Limit Values for Temporary construction camp (RAMEN, Annex-VII, Table 5)
Activity Type (construction, demolition and restoration)
Buildings
Roads
Other sources
Ldaytime (dBA)
70
75
70
Noise level resulting from the activities which will be executed during the construction
stage was calculated in the Acoustic Report in the Annex of EIA (Environmental Impact
Assessment) Report. The noise levels to be generated as a result of the activities carried out
during the construction phase are calculated in the Acoustic Report included in the annex of EIA
Report. As can be seen in Figure 69, the environmental noise level at a distance 100 m away
from the activity area decreases below 60 dBA, and thus, the limit level of 70 dBA is provided.
The closest settlement place to the activity area is Hacıbalı Village located approximately
2,000 m., and the expected noise level at the said settlement place will decrease below the
limit value.
Hacıbalı
Village
168
Figure 69. Noise Map (Land Preparation and Construction Phase)
In order to protect the health of the employees working in noisy environments and to
maintain the continuity of activity, appropriate protective tools and equipments such as
helmets, earflaps or earmuffs shall be provided to the employees. The provisions set forth in
the Labor Law No. 4857, and in the bylaws and regulations enacted under the same law will
be complied with within the scope of the project.
During the activities to be executed within the scope of the project, the relevant
provisions of the “Regulations on Assessment and Management of the Environmental Noise”
(RAMEN), which was published and enacted in Official Gazette of 04.06.2010 with no.
27601, will be complied with.
169
VIII.1.14
Size of the agricultural lands that will be disposed for the land
preparation and construction camp, land usage capabilities of these lands, and
their crop types
The intended ESER Natural Gas Cycle Power Plant with an installed power of 835
MWe will be installed and operated on the land parcel no.6, island no. 103, with a surface
area of approximately 227.000 m2, situated inside Kılıçlar Muncipality, Yahşihan Town,
Kırıkkale Province.
A temporary construction camp will be set up inside the project area for use in construction
activities, and dining hall, kitchen, locker room, shower, WC, lavatory, warehouse, administrative
and technical offices for all the technical and social infrastructure needs for the personnel who
will be employed within the scope of the project.
The ready-mixed concrete plant to be used during the construction phase will also be
installed inside the construction camp. The ready-mixed concrete plant will be shut down
upon completion of the construction phase.
During the land survey works carried out in the project area, the natural flora of the
region was observed to be the steppe, consisting generally of pastures and grasslands
without any agricultural lands and forestry areas. Since there are not any agricultural lands
inside the project area, there are not any such agricultural lands to be disposed of.
VIII.1.15
Types and numbers of the trees to be cut down tress during land
preparation and for the construction camp; the precautions to be taken against
forest fires.
According to the EIA Examination and Assessment Form obtained from Kırıkkale
Forestry Operation Directorate, the Project Site remains in a Forestry area, and the EIA
Examination and Assessment Form, and Stand Volume Map are presented in the annex
(See ANNEX-3). As indicated therein, the said project site remains inside the forestry area,
and then, necessary permissions will be obtained from Forestry Operation Directorate before
commencing the activities in the project area. However, the land survey works carried out did
not indicate any forest presence in the project area. Natural flora was observed to be the
steppe. Therefore, there are no trees to be cut down during the construction activities.
170
VIII.1.16
Possible effects of the terrestrial and aquatic flora/fauna, and
measures to be taken (including cooling water supply lines).
During the land survey works carried out in the project area, the natural flora of the
region was observed to be the steppes, consisting generally of pastures and grasslands
without any agricultural lands and forestry areas. Due to the destruction as a result of the
material extraction work made in the area, which is of pasture and grassland nature, there is
not any regular vegetable cover, and consequently there are no intense fauna types.
Kızılırmak River, flowing through to 100 m east of the project area, constitutes the
habitat for the amphibian and reptile species in the region. However, it is observed that the
previous land usage activities in the region have resulted in the loss of natural features of the
area to the large extent. This situation has restricted the reptile and especially amphibian
species, which are the creatures living in the region, to settle inner parts of the area.
The flora and fauna species observed to exist according to the observations made in and
close surroundings of the project site were evaluated as per Bern Covenant. The list of the
detected species are given in the lists in Annex-II and Annex-III, pursuant to Bern Covenant.
Under Flora and Fauna section (Under VII.2.12 heading), what is to be done with respect to
these articles and the relevant articles are given.
Of the flora types existing in the area, only one is endemic. This plant species is
Verbascum tossiense, which is under extinction category of LR (lc) according to Turkish
Plants Red Data Book. The LR category is used for the species under the least danger of
extinction, and “lc” abbreviation means the least concerning. This species is not observed in
the project site, and if it is encountered during the construction activity, it will be transferred to
another location without harming its reproduction organs.
There are not any intense forestry areas in the project site, and also, there are not any
species unique to the forestry and forest habitats. Only a few tree types are encountered,
and generally herbaceous and bush plants exist. Therefore, there will not be any intensive
habitat destruction in the area where the project is to be realized.
In order to ensure that the aquatic and terrestrial flora and fauna species are least
affected from the construction activities to be carried out during the plant installation phase,
the timing of the land arrangements and construction works will be paid attention to. With
regard to the individuals that will lose their habitats, migratory birds and those species with
the approaching reproduction seasons, measures shall be taken in order to reduce the
effects of the construction works to the minimum. In case the construction phase coincide
with the reproduction season, measures shall be taken to keep such species away from the
area, or various measures shall be taken by physical obstacles or visible scarecrows.
Hunting Season decisions for 2011-2012 taken by Central Hunting Committee of
Nature Protection and National Parks General Directorate of Forestry and Water Affairs
Ministry shall be respected, and illegal hunting will be prevented.
171
Flora and fauna species are generally those species that do not depend on the areas
inside the project site, and that exist in other areas in the surrounding areas or that have their
habitats. It is not considered that this species will be affected directly and adversely from the
activity to be carried out. Since the detected fauna species are mobile forms, they may go
away from the area due to the noise to be generated, and may move to the existing
alternative habitats in the close surroundings. Necessary measures shall be taken in order to
minimize the adverse effects that may be caused by the activity.
-
Access to the project site will be made over the existing roads as much as possible.
The roads to be amended during the construction works will be narrow and short as
much as possible.
Entry into the natural areas remaining outside the project site will be forbidden or kept to
a minimum as much as possible.
Environmental measures shall be taken during the construction period, and the relevant
legislations shall be complied with.
Workers employed during construction and operation phases will be trained, and their
illegal hunting will be prevented.
To the extent possible, movements will be restricted inside the project site and project
access roads, and the exits outside the defined routes will be prevented.
Excavation wastes will not be stored near the creek sides.
For the species included in the protection lists for Hunting Season of 2011-2012,
prepared by Central Hunting Committee of Nature Protection and National Parks
General Directorate of Forestry and Water Affairs Ministry, the protection measures
indicated in the committee decisions, shall be respected. In addition, the provisions of
BERN covenant and CITES Agreement will be complied with.
VIII.1.17
Determination of the intensity and spread effects on the underground
and over-ground culture and natural assets in and close surroundings of the
project (effects on the traditional urban tissue, archeological remnants, and on the
natural values to be protected).
A project effect area of 11 km x 11 km size was selected around the activity area,
taking into account the project site and surrounding topography as well as the locations of the
nearest settlement locations, and there are not any natural existence in this location.
Other culture assets present in Yahşihan Town, their locations and their approximate
distances to the project site are provided in Table 65 below.
Table 65. Culture Assets Existing in Yahşihan Town
Culture Asset
Location
Direction and Distance to the
Project Site
Gar Building (Monument Structure)
Kılıçlar Town
Soutwest - 6 km.
Primary School Building
Kılıçlar Town
Soutwest - 6 km.
(Monument Structure)
Gar Building, Lodgings and Warehouse Building Irmak Town
Northwest - 4 km.
(Monument Structure)
Mahmutlar Village (Arkeolojik Site)
Mahmutlar Village
172
Northeast - 6 km.
There are not any culture and natural assets inside the project site, and in case any
such assets are encountered, Provincial Culture and Tourism Directorate will be informed.
Since there are not any culture and natural assets inside the project site and in close
surroundings, and as can be seen in the air quality modeling works given under VIII.2.6
heading, the emissions that will be generated during the project operation phase remain
below the limit values given in the relevant regulations; therefore, it not foreseen that any
adverse effects will occur in the region due to the ESER NGCP.
VIII.1.18
How the personnel to be employed in the works to be executed from
the land preparation until the commissioning of the units, and how and from where
the housing and other technical / social infrastructure needs will be provided.
Construction phase within the scope of the project activity is foreseen as 30 months,
and several professional disciplines such as construction, electrical and mechanical
branches will work together during the construction phase. It is planned to employ
approximately maximum 1,000 employees at the same time during the construction works.
Different number of employees will work at different times, and on average, a total of 500
employees will work at the same time.
A temporary construction camp will be set up inside the project area for use in
construction activities, which will contain dining hall, kitchen, locker room, shower, WC, lavatory,
warehouse, administrative and technical offices for all the technical and social infrastructure
needs for the personnel who will be employed within the scope of the project.
Housing needs of the personnel to be employed within the scope of the project will be
primarily selected from the project site and its surrounding settlement areas. In case the
personnel coming from their houses prefer to stay in their homes, they will be transported
with the service cars if appropriate with respect to construction activities and/or if they so
demand.
The ready-mixed concrete plant to be used within the scope of the project will be
installed inside the project site, and it will be shut down upon completion of the construction
phase.
173
VIII.1.19
Activities of the works to be carried out from the land preparation until
the commissioning of the units, those that are risky and dangerous for human
health and environment.
During the land preparation and construction phase within the scope of the project,
those activities that include risks and dangers for human health and environment are work
accidents, dust and noise emissions.
During construction phase, there are general risks associated with the use of work
machines, equipments and other machines due to the carelessness and lack of training of
the personnel. The risks and dangers that may occur for human health and environment from
the construction phase until the commissioning of the units are those events that may
possibly occur almost in all construction work, such as injuries, in-site traffic accidents,
material splits, personnel falls, work machine accidents etc. Since the reasons for the
occurrence of the said accidents are likely associated with the faults of the personnel, the
personnel to be employed during the construction phase will be provided with the training in
accordance with the relevant by laws and regulations. In addition, warning signs shall be
posted in the work areas.
Works at elevated heights, electrical and welding works etc. that present hazards will be
carried out by personnel qualified and skilled at their work. Workers will be instructed as to the
use of helmets, and to employ safety harness and dress while working at heights, and the
regular continuity of this practice will be followed with care.
Short breaks will be granted to the working staff in order to reduce accident risks due to
the loss of concentration during the work, thereby reducing work accident risks. In all phases of
the project, the provisions of Labor Law No. 4857, and those of the regulations and bylaws that
are enacted under this law will be respected, and all necessary measures to reduce accidents
and risks will be taken.
The provisions of Labor Law No. 4857, and those of the regulations and bylaws that are
enacted under this law will be respected in the activity area.
Noise levels generated by the work machines in the activity area under the said
project meet the environmental noise limit levels defined for the construction camp in Table
5, Annex-7, of the Regulations on the Assessment and Management of the Environmental
Noise, pursuant to Article 23 of the same Regulations.
The provisions of the Regulations on the Assessment and Management of the
Environmental Noise, which was published and enacted in Official Gazette of 04.06.2010
with no. 27601 will be complied with during the activities to be executed within the scope of
the project.
In order to protect the health of the employees working in noisy environments and to
maintain the continuity of activity, appropriate protective tools and equipments such as
helmets, earflaps or earmuffs shall be provided to the employees. The provisions set forth in
the Labor Law No. 4857, and in the bylaws and regulations enacted under the same law will
be complied with within the scope of the project.
174
The working areas and upper surfaces of the excavation soils will be regularly
humidified in order to prevent dust formation, and the dust emission that will be generated
will be kept in the minimum level.
The issues set forth in IAPCR Annex-1 and Annex-2 will be observed during the
activities to be carried out in the project site. Dust generation will be reduced by paying strict
attention to the working conditions. Project site and roads will be sprinkled regularly, and
material unloading and improvement works will be conducted without causing any material
spread around. During all works, the provisions of “Regulations on Air Quality Assessment
and Management”, which was published and enacted in the Official Gazette 06.06.2008 with
no. 26898, and the provisions of IAPCR shall be complied with.
VIII.1.20
Assessment of the traffic load of all in-site and out-side transports to
be made within the scope of the project on and its effects.
Within the scope of the said project, ESER Natural Gas Cycle Power Plant with an
installed power of 835 MWe will be installed and operated by Farcan Energy Generation Inc.
Co., on the land parcel no.6, island no. 103, with a surface area of approximately 227,000 m2,
situated inside Kılıçlar Muncipality, Yahşihan Town, Kırıkkale Province.
The activity site remains approximately 25 km to the northwest of Kırıkkale City, and
approximately 80 km to the east of Ankara.
Access to the project site is possible via the stabilized road located after the junction
situated near Irmak Municipality over Ankara-Kırıkkale Highway. In the back direction from
Kırıkkale, the said stabilized road can be reached from nearby Hacıbalı Village.
Below is the project site and its location compared to the main highways, in Figure 70.
175
Figure 70. Project Site, and Its Location According to Main Intercity Highways
176
Highways will be used during the transport of the machines and equipments that will
be operated during the construction phase to the activity site. Unless a maintenance and
repair work that can not be performed in the project site is needed during the construction
phase, the machines and equipments will also operate in the project activity site.
During the transport of the excavation material to the dumping site to be shown by
Kılıçlar Municipality, the roads in and around the project site will be used, and should any
damage occurs in the roads during such construction works, this damage will be remedied,
and Traffic Regulations will be respected during all works. Apart from this, road improvement,
road enlargement, maintenance and repair activities will be carried out in and around the
project site, if this becomes necessary. By the said project, increase in the traffic volume will
occur in the number of trucks only during the transport of the excavation soil by trucks, and
such increase will disappear after the completion of transport of the excavation soil.
VIII.1.21
Land arrangement works to be carried out for creating landscape
items in the project site and for other purposes.
Upon completion of the plant construction, necessary land arrangement, reclamation
and landscaping works will be carried out around the activity units. Plant types that will be
used for the landscaping activities inside the project site will be selected among the plant
species compatible with regional properties, and the details of landscaping works will be
finalized after the completion of EIA Process.
VIII.1.22
Other Activities
There are not any other issues to report construction phase of the project other than
those provided under Section VIII.1 above,
VIII.2. Activities of the Project during the Operation, Effects on Physical and
Biological Environment and the Precautions Required
VIII.2.1
Characteristics of the units in context of the project, allocation of the
activities over the units, their capacities, detailed process flow diagrams of each
unit, basic process parameters, explanation of the process, services to be
provided for each activity units, characteristics and amount of the machinery,
vehicles, tools and equipments to be used
In context of the project, it is planned to install two 270.7 MW Gas Turbine and one
293.6 MW Steam Turbine to produce 6,262 GWh energy annually. The ESER Natural Gas
Combined Cycle Power Plant (NGCCPP) is a natural gas fed electricity producing facility
which is comprised of a typical gas turbine and steam turbine combination with an installed
capacity of 835 MWe. No fuel other than natural gas will be used in the facility.
177
The basic configuration of the proposed facility will be comprised of the following main
and auxilary equipments and units:
- Two (2) Gas Turbines (GT) with Dry Low NOx boiler,
- Two (2) horizontal flow type three pressure level Heat Recovery Steam Generators
(HRSG),
- One (1) condensing, three pressure level Steam Turbine (ST) with horizontal exit,
- Three (3) water or air cooled generator units (common for gas and steam turbines),
- One (1) wet type cooling tower,
- Three (3) Auxiliary Transformers, 15/380 kV main step-up transformer,
- Isolated Phase Connector, 380 kV Switchyard,
- Water Treatment Plant, Waste Water Treatment Plant, Boiler feeding water pumps,
- Electricity systems, mechanical systems, gas supply and heating system.
At the proposed power plant, in burning chamber, hot burning gases will be produced
as a result of natural gas burning and they will rotate the turbine blades by condensing and
passing by the gas turbine. With the rotation of the blades, the shaft connected to an electric
generator will rotate to produce electricity.
The energy of the hot exhaust gases coming out of the gas turbine will be collected in a
water heat boiler (HRGS) to be re-used, to vaporize the water in the boiler. The steam
obtained under the high pressure will actuate the steam turbine to produce additional
electricity power. Since electricty is produced during two different process, this system is
called a combined cycle power plant. The waste steam returning from the Heat Recovery
Steam Generator will pass from a condenser unit to be condensed. The condensed water will
be sent back to the system to be used in the Heat Recovery Steam Generator. By using the
Wet Type Cooling System, the electricity consumption will be decreased, similarly, the
electric consumption in the facility will be decreased as well. The envisaged process flow
diagram of the facility in context of the project is given below. The Heat Balance Diagram
prepared for 17 oC temperature, 64% relative humidity and 0.9343 pressure and full capacity
operation conditions is given in the Appendice (See Appendix-18).
178
HRSG
Figure 71. Process Flow Diagram
179
Date / Rev: SEPTEMBER 2011 / 00
Gas Turbine Unit:
The thermal energy produced by burning the natural gas in gas turbines is transferred
into mechanical energy by actuating the burning turbines, compressors and the generators.
The gas turbines which have a shaft and a direct drive frequency control skill also
include side and auxiliary units such as air suction system, muffler, compressor cleaning
facilities.
The gas in the turbine passes from the air intake air filters and is compressed by air
intake channel systems and then transferred into burning chambers. The natural gas is
injected in the pressured air in the burning chamber and then ignited. Th ehot burning gases
expand in the sections of the turbine and rotate the turbine and provide the actuation of the
electric generators.
All the load conditions related with the gas turbine have been designed considering the
annual climatic fluctuations and the design for the ambient environmental conditions will be
taken into consideration.
Incontext of the project, two Gas Turbines are envisaged. The gas entering into the
turbine and the filtered air burns and the consequent pressure rotates the blades of the
turbine, and electrical energy is produced from the mechanical energy by flowing through the
blades.
The hot exhaust gas emitted from the gas turbine is collected in the Heat Recovery
Steam Generator to be re-used. Each gas turbine is connected to different generators and
Heat Recovery Steam Generators.
In order to a gas turbine operate in a safe and reliable way, the following units are
envisaged:
-
Intake air filtering system
Fuel gas system
Lubrication and hydraulic oil systems,
Lubricant coolers
On-line or off-line compressor washing systems
Fire protection systems
Turbine and generator control
Turbine air intake cooling system
Traditional turbo type cylindirical rotor structure for three phase alternative current
generator, 50 Hz and hydrogen and/or air and/or water cooling.
Dry low NOx producing boilers
Cooling systems
Tools and operation system
Turbine, generator and generator transformer protection systems
Channel and muffler together with exhaust gas system
Gas detection system
180
The gas turbine parts, especially the hot gas parts (nozzles, burning chambers,
passage channels, intake nozzles and the blades) are designed for long lifetime, safe use,
easy operation and easy maintenance.
The Figure 72 and 73 below shows a typical gas turbine and its equipments and the
cylindirical burning chamber and the general cross section of a gas turbine. The Table 66
outlines the technical characteristics of a gas turbine.
Figure 72. A Typical Gas Turbine and its Equipments
181
Figure 73. General Cross Section of Cylindirical Burning Chamber and Gas Turbine
Table 66. Technical Characteristics of Gas Turbine
Technical Characteristics
Gas Turbine
Burning System
Gross Production in the Generator Station
Number of Stacks
Shaft Speed of Gas Turbine
Pressure Rate of Gas Turbine
Intake Temperature to the Gas Turbine
Exit Temperature from the Gas Turbine
Compressor Suction Air Flow
Gas Flow Output from the Turbine
Temperature Rate in the Generator Station
Productivity in the Generator Station
Dry Low NOx
270.700 kW
1
3000 rpm
Approximately 17
17 oC
586.5 oC
641.6 kg/sec.
655.5 kg/sec.
9.111 kJ/kWh
%39.51
182
Heat Recovery Steam Generator:
The exhaust gas produced in the gas turbines will be taken into the Heat Recovery
Steam Generator for production of high pressure steam. In three pressure sections in the
Heat Recovery Steam Generator turbine exhaust gases will be used to produce pressurized
steam. Since each gas turbine geerators will be connected to different Heat Recovery Steam
Generators, two Heat Recovery Steam Generators are envisaged in context of the project.
Condensed type steam turbines are fed by the steam produced in Heat Recovery Steam
Generators.
The Heat Recovery Steam Generator will be of vertical or horizontal gas flow type, it will
have intake and exit ventilation channels at three different pressure level (high, medium, low
pressure), it will be equipped with isolated exhaust stack and will have natural or penstock
circulation.
Each Heat Recovery Steam Generator will include different superheating, evaporating
and economizer sections to produce high pressure (HP), intermediary pressure (IP) and low
pressure (LP) steams.
A typical Heat Recovery Steam Generator will include the following units:
-
Gas turbine exhaust gas system
Isolation
Ventilation and drainage systems
Actuating system
Blow down system
Pipes and valves related with the boiler
Stack
Technical characteristics of the Heat Recovery Steam Generators are given in Table 67
below:
Table 67. Technical characteristics of the Heat Recovery Steam Generators
HRSG
Amount
2
Type
Horizontal, Natural Flow
Amount of Pressure Level (Stages, HP, LP & IP)
3 Pressure
Design Pressure of the Boilers (bar) (HP / IP / LP)
119,6 / 29,93 / 4,135
Design Temperature of the Boilers (Celcius) (HP / IP / LP)
567,2 / 566,5 / 233,5
Boiler Intake Mass Flow (Burning Gas Turbine)
655,5 kg/sec.
Boiler Intake Temperature (Burning Gas Turbine)
586
Boiler Exit Burning Gas Amount
655,5 kg/sec.
Burning Gas Temperature from Boiler (from the Stack)
87 oC
183
Steam Turbine:
Steam turbine is the turbine where the steam with high thermal energy ( with high
pressure and temperature) coming from the Heat Recovery Steam Generator is transferred
into mechanical energy.
The steam turbine will be re-heated, duct steam system, machine oil system, hydraulic
oil system and with steam intake valf, and three pressure and condensed type.
The steam entering into the turbine will pass through a sudden closing and check
valves. These valves will also control the turbine speed and the amount of air load. The
turbine control system will be of electro-hydraulic type.
One steam turbine is envisaged in context of the project; the mechanical energy
obtained from the turbine will be converted into electric energy by the generator. The
revolving speed of the turbine is designed as 3000 rpm.
During the design of the turbine, rotational task and fast start-up is considered. In order
to reduce the wear of the blade, technological blade materials and suitable steam moisture
will be selected.
Among the significant parts of the turbine the following items can be counted: rotor,
Curtis channels, power blades, stator blades, inner oil pan, outer oil pan, trimming, main
stoper, interceptor reheat stoper (in some types), pedasta, impeller regulator, radial bearings,
thrust bearings, by-passes, nozzles, glands, inter labyrinths, oil pan labyrinths, speed
governer and stabilizer pistons (servo motor).
Along the commissioning, shut down and abnormal operation conditions of the facility, a
steam turbine bypass system will be designed to provide production of maximum 100%
steam in the Heat Recovery Steam Generator. The graded HP and separate IP and LP steam
bypass stations will provide high operational flexibility during the commissioning, shut down
and abnormal operational conditions of the facility.
The three phase alternative current generator will be of conventional type turbo
cylindirical rotor, 50 Hz and hydrogen and/or water cooling type.
The steam turbine will have the following units:
-
Glands and sealing systems
Automatic drainage system
Lubrication and control lubrication systems
Instrumentation and control system
3 phase alternative current generator
Turbine, generator and generator transformer protection systems
Cooling systems
Synchronization units.
184
The following Figure 74 shows a typical steam turbine and its equipments.
Figure 74. A typical steam turbine and its equipments
The technical characteristics of a steam turbine is given in Table 68 below.
Table 68. Technical characteristics of a steam türbine
Gross Capacity of the Project Area
Type
Number of Phases
Steam Turbine Entrance HP Steam Temperature
Steam Turbine Entrance HP Steam Pressure
Steam Turbine Entrance HP Steam Amount
Steam Turbine Entrance IP Steam Temperature
Steam Turbine Entrance IP Steam Pressure
Steam Turbine Entrance IP Steam Amount
Steam Turbine Entrance LP Steam Temperature
Steam Turbine Entrance LP Steam Pressure
Steam Turbine Entrance LP Steam Amount
Steam Turbine Exhaust Temperature
Steam Turbine Exhaust Pressure
Steam Turbine Ezhaust Mass Discharge
Steam Turbine
293,600 kW
Re-heated
3
568.8 oC
116.1 bara
145.8 kg/sec.
563.8 oC
28.64 bara
171.6 kg/sec.
231.9 oC
3.90 bara
20.5 kg/sec.
31.63 oC
0.0466 bara
196.2 kg/sec.
185
Condensar and Cooling Tower:
The steam with low pressure and temperature from steam tribune, is send to the
condenser. In condenser the steam is become condensed and returned to water. After that,
those condensed water is send back to Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG). Thus,
steam/water cycle; is circulated between HRSG, Steam Tribune and condenser.
Condenser is coexisted wtih Heat Exchanger Supporting structure and fan, Steam arkdistribution system, condenser collecting system, condenser air cleaning systems.
Cooling Tower that Scope of the project, is planned placed on the concrete floor or fiberreinforced plastic or wooden. Stuffing issue is planned to be polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Cooling
System is planned as Closed Circuit- Open Type forced cooling tower (wet type fan
system).Air is drafted from the air inlet in bottom of tower and rounds against water flow and
finally discharged to the atmosphere with a high speed. Condensate cooling is designed with
18 cells (one is spare).
Equipment used in cooling towers is generally selected as meeting the expected water
quality and atmospheric conditions.
In the scope of the project, cooling system is designed as closed cycle mechanical draft
cooling system. In the closed cycle mechanical draft cooling system, approximately and
continuously 40.000 m3 circulation water is required. This amount of water will be provided
once from caisson wells gradually.
In the cooling system, evaporation losses and blow down water losses will be emerged in
the circulation water returned in closed cycle. In order to meet the evaporation losses 695
m3/h (193 lt/sec) water and to meet the blow down water losses 350 m 3/h (97.2 lt/sec) water
shall be added.
Dissolved minerals and solids in cooling water cannot be evaporated during evaporation
losses in cooling system. In the cooling tower, only H2O molecule is evaporated.
Since the H2O molecules in the circulation water in the cooling system are partially
evaporated, the amount in the dissolved and non-dissolved minerals and solid particles in
water increase gradually. Since the dissolved minerals increase electrical conductivity in the
water, the metal parts in the cooling system is under the risk of “electro-corrosion”. In order to
reduce the electro – corrosion the conductivity of the cooling water is periodically controlled
and when the conductivity increased, some cooling water is discharged from the system. The
water discharged from the system is called the blow down water.
186
In general, the problems encountered in water cooled energy power plants are
corrosion, mineral deposition, pollution and microbiological formations. Except for treating the
feed water and the cooling water before entering into the system, the chemical parameters in
the cooling water must be controlled and these parameters must be kept away from the
system. The chemical conditioning programs in the cooling systems can only be provided in
an optimum level by taking the interaction of these four elements into consideration dissolving
the them all together.
The problems that can be caused by some factors in the circulation water in the cooling
system are given in Table 69 below. Low pH value of the circulation water can cause
corrosion in the system and besides, it can trigger formation of residuals and microbiological
activity. Similarly, in the regions where the cooling water in the system is at lower linear rates,
the possiblity of formation of residuals by suspended materials is higher than that in the
regions where the high linear rate is observed. On contrast, the high linear rate is a factor that
can give way to corrosion in the cooling system by itself.
Table 69. Problems Created by the Materials Found in the Cooling Water
Factors
Corrosion
Residuals
Microbiological
pH
x
x
x
Dissolved salts
x
x
Dissolved gases
x
Suspended solid materials
x
Microorganisms
x
Temperature
x
Metallurgy of the system
x
Linear rate
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Time to stay in the system
x
x
Water quality
x
x
Number of bacteria
x
Blearedness
x
Nutrition materials
x
Sun light
x
Dissolved oxygene
x
As a result of not conditioning the cooling water or not conditioning sufficiently, the
thermal exchange weakens or lost, the lifetime of the equipments decrease, the equipments
fail frequently, product, on losses are observed, the cost increases and the system can
completely be stopped.
In order not to experience the problems in question and to follow the quality of the
cooling water regularly, the water quality will be measured continuously on-line. The on-line
measurements include parameters such as pH, chlorure, specific conductivity, temperature
and discharge.
187
In order to maintain the quality of the cooling water, a chemical dozing unit will take
place in the cooling system. Based on the results of the measurements in question, by using
suitable chemicals such as lime preventer, diluting agents, chlorure / sodium hypochloride
and sulphuric acid, the quality of the cooling water will be kept under control in a way not to
do harm to the system. The Table 70 below shows the chemicals and the final objectives:
Table 70. The Chemicals to be used in the Cooling System
Name of the Chemical
Amount
Objective
Anti-lime
21 kg/hr
Preventing the lime formation and corrosion in the system
Diluent
1.375 kg/month
Preventing and controlling the formation of precipitates
Chlore/sodium hypochloride
14 kg/hr
Preventing the growth of the algae and biological organisms
Sulphuric acid
88 kgh/hr
Adjusting the pH of the water
The characteristics of the cooling tower are given in the Table 71 below:
Table 71. Technical Characteristics of the Cooling Tower
Value
Row number
2
Cell number
18
Cooling capacity
40190 ton /hr
Surface area
-
Estimated space taken
146.5 m x 36.2 m
Air speed
4.74 m/sec (intake)
Total ventilator capacity
159,1 kW x 18 sets
Temperature of blowdown water
18 oC
Auxilary Boiler:
In context of the project, it is envisaged to install an auxilary boiler with a discharge of
6.5 ton/hr steam approximately. The fuel of the auxilary boiler will be natural gas only, and the
productivity of the auxilary boiler is designed to be 90% approximately.
The auxilary boiler is designed to be used during the re-commissioning of the facility
after shut-down of the system for any reason. During the re-commissioning, since steam
production in the Heat Recovery Steam Generators take long time, the auxilary boiler system
will be used to produce steam in a faster way. During the re-commissioning, when the system
is commissioned, the auxilary system to produce steam in a fast way will be shut down. This
unit which will not be used continuously is designed to shorten the time of the recommissioning of the facility and to make production more feasible.
188
Generator:
The diesel generator proposed for ESER NGCCPP is of 1200 kW capacity and will be
used in emergency cases only. It is expected, in case of operating full load, the generator
consumes 345 lt/hr fuel.
In the Appendix-5, item no. A.7. of the Regulation for Control of Industrial Based Air
Pollution, published in the Official Gazzette dated 03.07.2009 and numbered 27277, it is
stated that “for the emergency power systems used completely during the emergency cases
(those which are not operated continuously but put into use during a breakdown or blackout,
and put out of use when these cases are no longer existing, and annual use not exceeding
500 hours) the following emission standarts will not be valid”, the unit in question is exempt
from the applications of IAPCR.
In the area of activity, except for the units cited above, RMS-A and RMS-B stations for
reducing the pressure of the natural gas to normal use pressures and to measure the amount
of the gas and administrative building, social building, maintenance – repair workshop,
warehouse, control room, water treatment facilities, switchyard will take place.
VIII.2.2
Materials and/or services to be produced in the project units, amounts
of the final and side products, marketing distributions, offering the services to
where, how, which population and/or area.
In context of the project, only electricity power will be produced; it is planned to produce
6.262 GWh electricity power in ESER NGCCPP having an installed power of 835 MWe.
In order to connect the electricity energy that will be produced in the ESER Natural Gas
Combined Cycle Power Plant to the National Interconnected System, it is necessary to
construct an energy transmission line of 380 kV.
The electricity energy to be produced during the project will be connected to the system
shrough the swithcyard installed next to the power plant. For the 380 kV Energy Transmission
Line (ETL) planned and for the connection to be provided required applications were made to
Turkish Electricity Distribution Inc. Co. (TEIAS). The comment of the TEIAS on the route is
given in the appendices (See Appendix-1).
The planned ETL with a 380 kV current, 2x3 1272 MCM conductive, approximately 25
km long and 3 bundle 1272 MCM conductive, approximately 30 km long ETL will start from
the switchyard to be installed near the ESER Combined Cycle Power Plant will be connected
first to the Kayaş Substation taking place in the TEIAS investment program and then to the
Gölbaşı Substation existing.
The Kayaş Substation is now at the stage of planning, and construction of the
transformer in question is under the liability of the TEIAS.
189
Another connection point is the Kırıkkale Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant. To
this point, connection will be provided through 380 kV circuit, 1272 MCM conductive, 3bundle,
approximately 8 km long ETL.
Negotiations on the subject is underway with the TEIAS, and required applications in
context of the energy transmission lines will be made to the Ministry of City Planning and
Environment and the process of EIA will be initiated.
In order to get licence in context of the project application to EMRA (Energy Market
Regulatory Authority) was made and following the completion of the EIA process, required
applications for the preparation of the licence for energy production will be initiated.
VIII.2.3
Use and amount of water to be used in units of the project, water for
which processes, how and where the water will be supplied from, how the water will
be delivered to which media (detailed explanation of removal of waste water from
houses and processes), the pre-treatment applied to the water (including the
treatment units and the units to be added as admixture- feeding water), water
preparation main flow diagram, cycle of water vapour, internal water processes to
be applied in process flow diagram, the chemicals to be used
In order to meet the needs of the personnel, during the stage of operation and to
compensate the losses due to evaporation in the cooling system, and addition of water
against blowdown in cooling water system, and for washing needs in the facility, ESER
NGCCPP needs water.
Within the scope of the Project all needed water will be supplied from the Caisson Wells
that will be opened near riverside of Kızılırmak. Regarding opening of Caisson Wells and
supplying needed water within the scope of the Project, the appropriate opinion letter of
General Directorate of State Hydroulic Works is given in the appendices (See Appendix-23)
A. Formation of Domestic Use and Waste Water
The water obtained from caisson wells for the needs of the personnel and for domestic
use of water will be treated in the water treatment facility before usage. The flow diagram of
water treatment facility is given in the Water mass Balance Diagram in appendices (See
Appendix-19). As seen on the Balance Diagram, the water obtained from the caisson wells
pass from pre-sedimentation basins and then taken into Actived carbon Filtering system
which is an other advanced treatment unit. After completion of the advanced treatment, the
water is distributed for drinking and domestic use. The capacity of the Advanced Water
Treatment Facility where the water is treated is designed as 40 m3/day.
The waste water that will occur during the operation stage of the facility are domestic
waste water based on the consumption as drinking water and utility water. During the
operation stage of the project, approximately 40 persons will be employed.
190
Taking the daily need of water per person as 150 lt/day (source: Water Supply and
Waste Water Removal Applications, İTÜ, 1998, Prof. Dr. Dinçer TOPACIK, prof. Dr. Veysel
EROĞLU), the total water needed is calculated as 6 m3/day.
If we accept that all of the water used by the personnel will return as waste water, a
total of 6 m3/day waste water is generated.
Item 26.a. of the Regulatory for Water Pollution Control published on the Official
Gazzette dated 31.12.2004 and numbered 25687 states that “for the waste water resources
out of the city discharging to receptor environment individual or common treatment facilities
are required for treatment of the water.” and the Item 26.e. states that “natura lor legal
persons, based on their type of activities, are liable to provide discharge standards for the
waste water as indicated from Table 5 to Table 21 listed in the appendix of the supplement of
the Regulatory.” Besides, in the Item 27 of the same regulatory, it is stated that “the standard
values to be followed in discharging the domestic waste water into receptory environments
are given in Table 21”.
Taking the items in question into consideration the standards for discharging the
domestic waste water into receptory environments will be followed and the domestic waters
sourcing from the operational stage will be treated in Pack Waste Water Treatment Facility;
and will be discharged to the Kızılırmak River after reaching the discharge limits complying
with the Discharging Standards for Domestic Waste Water into the Receptory Environments.
Table 58. Water Pollution Control Regulation – Table 21.1. Sector: Domestic Waste Water* (Class 1: The pollution load is
between 5-120 kg / day as raw BOI, Population: 84-2000)
Parameter
Unit
Composite Sample for two
Composite Sample for 24
hours
hours
Biochemical Oxygene Need (BOI5)
(mg/L)
50
45
Chemical Oxygene Need (KOI)
(mg/L)
180
120
Suspended Solid Material (AKM)
(mg/L)
70
45
pH
-
6-9
6-9
B. Use of Process Water and Formation of Wastewater
Water need for compensationg the water loss due to evaporization, addition of water
due to blowdown in waste water boiler and cooling system, and for washing processes in the
facility in ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant will be compensated from caisson
wells. The water received into the facility will be first passed through the Water Treatment
Facility before distributed to the system.
191
The pivottable related with water to be used in the process is given below.
Water Usage Areas
Cooling System
Losses by evaporation
Cooling System
Losses by Blowdown
m /h
3
m /day
Disposal Method
695
16680
-
350
8400
25
600
37
386
NeutralizationBalance
Neutralization Balance
Gas Tubine Washing and Rinsing Water
Water
Process
Heat Recovery Steam Generator
Losses by Blowdown
3
On-site use
Wastewater
Treatment Plant
Sampling and Laboratory
Rain water coming switchyard and other units
Irregular
Personnel Use
0,25
TOTAL
1.107,25
6
Package Treatment
26.072
-
During operation phase, water use areas and wastewater production in the Plant is
shown schematically.
Process Water
Water
Natural Gas
Gas
Electric
Turbine
Energy
Exhaust Gases
Treatment
Steam
HRSG
Steam
Water
Turbine
Addition of
Treatment
Blowdown Water
Condenser
Gas Turbine
Addition of
Washing, Leaking
and Rinsing Waters
Blowdown Water
Blowdown Waters
Cooling Water
Addition of
Evaporation Loss
Wasteater
Treatment System
Oil Seperator
Neutralization
Sampling and
Equalization
Rain Waters
Laboratary Waters
Discharge Tank
192
Oily wastewaters
The Water Balance Diagram showing the amount of water to be used and the
wastewater expected to be generated in the Units which is within the scope of the Project and
disposal methods, is given in appendices and it is explained below detaily (See Appendix-19)
B.1. Cooling System Waters:
In context of the project, the cooling system is designed as Mechanical Draft Cooling
Tower.
In Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers approximately 40 000 m3 circulation water is
demanded continuously and the amount in question will be supplied from the caisson wells
step by step for one time.
In cooling system, evaporation and blowdown losses will occur in circulation water. In
order to compensate the evaporation losses 695 m3/hr, and to compensate the blowdown
losses 350 m3/hr water is required to be added.
Detailed information on the cooling system taking place in context of the ESER
NGCCPP is given under the heading VIII.2.4.
B.2. Waste Water Blowdown Water:
The amount of water required for the production of steam in Heat Recovery Steam
Generator is 25 m3/hr. The steam produced in the Heat Recovery Steam Generator is
brought to different pressures before being taken into steam turbine to produce electricity
energy. After the production electricity energy, it will be passed through the steam condenser,
where thermal energy is used, before returning to Heat Recovery Steam Generator to be
used in steam production.
For the supply of the water required in the Heat Recovery Steam Generator, the water
taken from the caisson wells will be used in the facility after being treated in the water
treatment facility. Details of the water treatment facility observed in the Water Mass Balance
Diagram are discussed in the next sections (See Appendix-19).
As can be seen in the Water Mass Balance Diagram, waters obtained from the caisson
wells are pre-sedimented in the clarifiers before treated in the ultrafiltration units. The waters
to be taken into the Heat Recovery Steam Generator will be passed from, in the succive
order, softener, reverse osmosis system, electro-deionization system before taken into
demineralization water storage tank. Here, the Heat Recovery Steam Generator is fed with a
discharge of 25 m3/hr. The capacity of the Water Treatment Facility where the water coming
from the Heat Recovery Steam Generator will be processed is designed as 38 m3/hr.
193
In boiler water of the steam production process, dissolved, suspended solid particles
are formed. Above a certain level of concentration, the solid particles can form a precipitation
at the bottom of the boiler and they reduce the heat transfer by depositing in and on the pipes
of the boiler and cause over heating. The productivity of the boiler decreases in this way, and
because of the destruction caused the lifetime of the boiler becomes shorter. Besides, the
solid particles in high concentration are drifted by the steam and cause transmission of water
to the steam lines and pollution of the equipments using steam in the system as well as dirt in
the valves and condenstops to prevent their functions.
The blowdown process is needed to keep the dissolved solid particles in the water at a
certain level of concentration. When the concentration of the water in the boiler increased,
based on the concentration, a certain amount of water where the pollution is high, the water is
blown down at certain intervals and instead of the water blown down water with less
concentration is added in the boiler to decrease the concentration. This process is called the
bottom blowdown. In order to remove the inconvenience due to condensation of the
suspended material and foam up, surface blow down is also needed. For the quality of the
steam produced in a steam boiler, productivity of the boiler and safety of the operation both
bottom and surface blow down is required.
The emerging blow down water is generally discharged to outer environment. In order
to provide energy and water savings, under the condition of keeping the water quality fixed,
the blow down water discharged into the environment should be minimum.
In the waste water boiler blowdown water will form at a discharge of 21.2 m3/hr. The
blow down waters coming up will be processed in the neutralization pool and will be taken
into the Discharge Pool located at the exit of the Waste Water Treatment Facility before being
discharged. The Neutralization Unit observed in the Water Mass Balance Diagram in the
Appendix will be discussed in the following sections in detail (See Appendix-19).
B.3. Gas Turbine Washing, Leakage and Rinsing Waters:
Gas turbine compressors must be washed regularly. At this stage, the water supplied
from the caisson wells will be treated and used in the Rinser in the facility, the water flow
diagram of the project is given in the Water Mass Balance Diagram (See Appendix-19). As
can be seen in the Water Mass Balance Diagram, the water obtained from the caisson wells
will be pre-sedimented, and the capacity of the water to be used is designed as 16 m3/hr.
Details of the Rinser Unit observed in the Water Mass Balance in the appendix will be
discussed in the following sections (See Appendix-19).
Wastewaters originating from Rinser units will be sent to Wastewater Treatment Plant
which is explained detaily under E Heading. The waste water sourcing from this place will be
taken into Waste Water Treatment Facility. The waters coming from the treatment, after being
processed in the Neutralization Pond, will be balanced in the Discharge Pond located at the
exit of the waste Water Treatment Facility and will be discharged.
194
Washing of the gas turbines is not going to be made continuously, rather the washing
will be made periodically and when needed. Therefore, the waste waters sourcing from this
stage are not continuous. The gas turbine washing waste waters will be collected in the
Discontinuous Waste Water Treatment Pond before the Waste Water Treatment Facility and
will be balanced here. The waters collected here will then be taken into Continuous waste
Water Equalization tank then they will be sent to the Wastewater Treatnment Facility which is
explained under E Headings detaily. Details of the Waste Water Facility Units observed in the
Water Mass Balance in the appendix will be discussed in the following sections (See
Appendix-19).
B.4. Oily Waste Waters
The oily waste waters emerging from the activities in the operational stage in the ESER
NGCCPP, and from the repair- maintenance works will first be taken into Grease separation
unit to separate the Grease in the waters; then they will be sent to the neutralization pond.
The discharge of the waters coming from the Grease-Water Separator observed in the Water
Mass Balance Diagram is expected to be 8 m3/hr.
The waste grease collected in the grease separator will be stored in impermeable tanks
and will be delivered to the institutions having licence from the Ministry.
During the activities in the project area, the provisions of the “Waste Oil Control
Regulatory” published in the Official Gazzette dated 30.07.2008 and numbered 26952 will be
followed.
B.5. Rain Waters from the Switchyard and the Other Units
Arond the activity field of the ESER NGCCPP drainage and rain water collection
channels will be excavated and the waters will be collected through these channels to be
Except for this, in switchyard and facility area, during the operation stage, the rain
waters will be collected by a suitable drainage system and will be sent to the Discontinuous
waste Water Equalization Tank to be balabced. Then the waters will be taken to the
Continuous Waste Water Equalization Tank to be sent to the waste Water Treatment Facility.
Details of the Waste Water Facility Units observed in the Water Mass Balance in the
appendix will be discussed in the following sections (See Appendix-19).
B.6. Sampling and Laboratory Waste Waters
The samples taken from the waters in circulation of the Water Treatment Facility and
project units and the waters coming out of the laboratories will be separated and will be given
to the neutralization pond. The discharge of the waters coming from the Grease-Water
Separator observed in the Water Mass Balance Diagram is expected to be 20 m3/day.
195
C. Process and Utility Water Treatment System
The process water obtained from the caisson wells will be pre-treated to remove the
suspended solid particles and to demineralize (to remove the salts dissolved in the water).
Details of the Process and Utility Water Treatment System Units are discussed below and
flow diagram is given below schematically.
Well Water
Process Water
Drinking and Using Water
Clarifier
Cooling System
Steam Cycle
Ultrafiltration
Filtrate Water Tank
Water Softening
Actived Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Drinking and Using Water
Electrodeionization
Unit
Steam System
During process water treatment, chlorination will not be done. As can be seen in Section
V.2.4, to prevent algae and biological organisms growing in recirculated water of Cooling
System chlorination will be done in Cooling System.
C.1 Clarifier
The waters taken into Water Treatment system will be taken into clarification tank with a
discharge of 1,113 m3/hr. In the system, two cylindirical 560 m3/hr capacity clarifiers will take
place. The raw waters taken into clarifiers will be settled here to provide deposition of the
suspended materials inside.
The 1,050 m3/hr part of the water coming from the clarifier will be sent to the Cooling
System to compensate the losses and 16 m3/hr part of the water will be taken to be used as
process water. The 41 m3/hr water will be kept on treating in the Ultrafiltration Unit to be used
in the process and as drinking water. The particles collected in the clarification tank will be
sent to the Continuous Waste Water Equalization Tank. The cross section of Sample Clarifier
is given below.
196
Figure 75. Example of Section Clarifier Tank
C.2 Ultrafiltration
Ultrafiltration is one of the membrane filtration methods. Unlike the similar treatment
methods such as the nanofiltration and reverse osmosis Technologies, this method causes
no change in the chemical structure of the water, but improves all of the physical
characteristics of the water.
Figure76. The sample of Ultrafiltration System
197
With the ultrafiltration method, the suspended materials in the water, blearedness, color
pigments up to 99% and, most importantly, possible bacteria and viruses that can possibly
exist in the water are removed. This feature of the method provides great advantage in spring
water and drinking water treatment over the others. The advantages of the system are given
below:
- The UF system, when used as a pre -treatment system before the RO system, decreases
the operational pressure of the RO system and reduces the operational cost of the
system.
- With the advanced membrane technology, less frequently and lesser chemicals are used
for the membrane washing process and blockings in the membrane decreases to a
minimum.
- The UF system, when used as a pre -treatment system before the RO system, the RO
membranes work well in the system.
- Compared to the other filtration units, it occupies less space.
- It has high resistance against the the solid particles in the water and displays better
blearedness removal performance.
- From outwards to inwards, it provides more equal water distribution and prevents the
blockage of the inner channels.
In the Ultrafiltering unit two UF filters with a capacity of 50 m3/hr will be used and after
passing through a filter with a discharge rate of 41 m3/ hr the filtered water will be taken into
the Filtered Water Tank to be used in process and as drinking water and the treatment
continues.
The waste water in question will emerge as the washing process is realized and it is not
continuous. Waste water formation during the washing process is expected at a discharge
rate of 30 m3/day.
C.3. Water Softening
Hard water causes problems by forming lime layers in the system. Besides, during the
heating of the water for steam production calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate
leaves the water and accumulates in the boiler. In time, the boiler spends more energy to
reach heat and its lifetime becomes shorter. At the same time, hard water wears and blocks
the materials used.
In water softening unit, the calcium and magnesium found in the water are removed.
Water softening process is realized by the cationic resines found in the mineral tank which
work by simple ionic Exchange principle. The resines catch the Ca and Mg ions and leave Na
ions in their places. In case the Na ions in the resines are consumed, the system is
regenerated and taken into service again.
In Ultrafiltration System the waters coming from the filtration are taken into Filtered
Water Tank to be used as process water and drinking water; and the treatment continues.
The waters to be used as process waters are taken into Water Softening Unit.
198
In water treatment system 2 vertical cylindirical water softeners with a capacity of 38
m3/hr will be used, the waters softened in these units are taken into Reverse Osmosis Unit.
The waste waters sourcing from the Water Softening Unit and having a discharge rate of 24
m3/day are sent to the Neutralization Unit.
C.4 Reverse Osmosis
The reverse osmosis technology is the most precise filtration technology ever known.
During the normal osmosis process, transfer of water molecules from the liquid phase with
low ionic concentration to the liquid phase with high ionic concentration is realized; these two
liquid phases are separated by a semi-permeable membrane from each other.
Figure 77. The sample of Reverse Osmosis System
The working principle of the reverse osmosis phase is by the membranes located on
the device. The water is forced to pass through the pores on the membrane under high
pressure. During this process, the water molecules and some inorganic molecules can pss
through these pores, however, many substances in the water can not pass anda re expelled
outside as concentrated water. What keeps the surface of the membrane clean and
unclogged is the cross flow process. With the help of cross flow, while some liquids can pass
through the membrane, some other liquids (dense water) move parallel to the surface of the
membrane and prevent the impurities from sticking to the membrane.
In water treatment system two skid mounted type reverse osmosis units will be located,
the first of these will have a capacity of 32 m3/hr while the second one has a capacity of 28
m3/hr. The waters being processed in the units in question at discharge rate of 37 m 3/hr will
be taken into the Electrodeionization Unit.
199
C.5. Electrodeionization (EDI)
Electrodeionization removes the ions found in the process water by using the classical
ion exchange resines with the help of the electrical current passing through a bed; the
pollutant ions continuously move towards the concentrate line from the feeding water. By
doing so, the water treatment is completed and the chemical losses which are the
disadvantages of the classical regeneration processes are prevented. In the system one skid
mounted type EDI unit will be used and its capacity will be 25 m3/hr.
The waters processed in the unit in question with a discharge rate of 28 m 3/hr will be
taken into the Demineralizated Water Storage Tank and from here, the system is fed to
produce steam in the Heat Recovery Steam Generator. The waste waters with 3 m3/hr
discharge rate goming from the deionization system and displaying discontinuity are sent
back to the Filtered Water Tank.
C.6 Actived Carbon Filters
The actived carbon is used in the waters to remove the dissolved organic and inorganic
pollutants as wel as to remove the color, smell and taste. The carbon minerals of which
surface areas are increased approximately 100 times absord the organic substances and
filter them.
The actived carbon filters are used in polyethylene tanks or in epoxy coated steel tanks.
The only point changing in the systems is the working principle of the automation systems.
These systems which can be time controlled, volume controlled, electronic panel controlled
(microprocessor) or manually controlled can be used in both tank models.
The waters passed from the ultrafiltration system are taken into Filtered Waters Tank to
be used as process and drinking water and treatment continues on. The waters to be used as
process or drinking water are taken into Actived Carbon Filter System.
The waters processed in the unit in question at a discharge rate of 40 m 3/day are taken
into the Drinking and Utility Water Tank and then distributed in the facility.
D. Package Wastewater Treatment Plant (Domestic Wastewaters)
Domestic package treatment plants are biological treatment systems due to domestic
wastewater characteristics. To hold certain size of solid materials which cause blocking of
mechanical equipments like pumps etc. in treatment plant, before biological treatment unit
physical treatment is provided by coarse screening, fine screening or primary clarifier, if the
amount of grease oil in wastewater is high, phsical treatment units such as grease traps are
used. The organic materials causing pollution in domestic wastewaters are treated
biologically when microorganisms(bacterias) grown in treatment plant transforms them into a
harmless form that do not give damage to environment.
200
There are some modifications in Activated Sludge Process which is the most commonly
used process for domestic wastewaters. Common ones of them are Classical Activated
Sludge Process, Step Aeration, Contact Stabilization, Extended Aeration and Sequencing
Batch Reactor (SBR). For bacterial growth 2 main elements; nutrient and oxygen are
required. Bacterias use organic materials in wastewaters as nutrients. Needed oxygen is
supplied from Blowers expressed as air compressors. After biological treatment, wastewaters
are sent to final clarifier. To give no damage to environment and human health, it is required
to stabilize (digest) originated wastewater. This digestion process could be aerobic or
anaerobic. To decrease the volume of the sludge to be digested, thickeners are used. In
sludge thickeners, 5 % solid concentrated sludge could be ontained. Ater sludge is digested
and thickened, it must be dewatered. Therefore, sludge cake is obtained and this material
could be transfered to final disposal site easily or used as agricultural fertilizer. After the
treated water coming from clarifier is disinfected, it is discharged to receiving environment.
Within Package Wastewater Treatemnt Plants, most common types are the steel
construction manufactured compact type of treatment systems. Main disadvantage of this
systems is corrosive and requiring dye since it is steel construction.
Figure 78. Typical Flow Diagram of Package Watewater Treatment Systems
201
The wastewaters to be originated will be treated in the Package Domestic Wastewater
Treaatment Plant which will be installed in the activity site. The main aim of wastewater
treatment is to decrease adverse impacts of wastewater minimum level on public health and
ecological balance in receiving environments. Package Wastewater Treaatment Plant in
question will be designed as Standard plant containing main processes used in domestic
wastewater treatment and before starting the operation of Package Wastewater Treaatment
Plant, with respect to the notice published on 29 April, 2005 with No:2005/05, the approval of
Package Wastewater Treaatment Plant Project will be had. Originated domestic wastewaters
will be processsed in Package Wastewater Treaatment Plant and discharged in complience
with Water Pollution Control Regulation publised in Official Gazette on 31 December 2004
with No:25687.
E. Wastewater Treatment System
The wastewaters displaying no continuity in the facility are collected in the
Discontinuous Waste Water Equalization Tank to be balanced and then transferred to the
Continuous Waste Water Equalization Tank. The waters balanced here will be transferred to
the Waste Water Treatment Facility which is consisted of, in turn, by pH /coagulation /
floculation tank, Sludge Setler, Condensing Water Pool, Dehydration, Neutralization Pool and
Discharge Pool.
E.1. pH – Coagulation – Floculation
Coagulation and floculation is a process to combine a flock forming chemical reactive
with the non-depositing solid substances and, in order to deposit the suspending solids faster
rather than slowly, to add this chemical reactive to the water and the waste water. Following
figure shows coagulation and flocculation systems schematically.
Figure 79. Coagulation-Flocculation System
pH is an indicator to show if the water is acidic or basic. A suitable pH interval is needed
to deposit the water - suspended pollutants in the water with the addition of the coagulant
substances. For this reason, in case the waste water is in an undesired interval for chemical
treatment, in order to regulate the ph a neutralization pool is required in the entrance unit
before the coagulation. Coagulation is the first step for the chemical treatment process and
also is known as the fast mixing.
202
In order to make an effective coagulation, fast and uniform distribution of the coagulant
across the water mass is required. Therefore, the the coagulant can contact with all the
suspended substances in the water.
At coagulation stage, the chemicals used as coagulants must be dissolved in the water
easily and must be stable enough to sediment the particles in the water. Besides, the
chemical selected must be such that not to be dissolved in the water again, must be supplied
easily in the market, must be cheap, and the solid forms emerging must not do harm to the
environment.
After the addition of the chemical, floculation or slowly stirring process is the most
significant step in the chemical treatment processes. Floculation is made by slowly stirring by
slowly moving pedals. As a result of slowly stirring, after the contact of small and developed
flocks easily sedimenting nodules are formed. As the flocks grow, a violent stirring may cause
fragmenting of the flocks. The stirring must be controlled carefully. Therefore, flocks in
suitable sizes will form and sediment in a faster way.
In coagulation and flocking process Ca(OH)2 is used widespreadly, however, alum,
FeCl3, FeSO4 and polimers can also be used. In order to speed up the flocking and to obtain
larger flocks auxiliary coagulants such as active silica, polyelectrolites, clay and calcite can
also be used.
E.2 SludgeThickener
Thickening is the process of removing the liquids and increasing the clay content in a
sludge mixture. With this process, the total sludge amount can be decreased at a significant
rate (50%). The thickening can be made by physical ways such as gravity, flotation,
centrifuge, and gravity band filter. The thickeners can increase the concentration of the
sludge 5-10% more than its solid concentration. Following figure shows working principle of
thickener.
Figure 80. Typical Sludge Thickener
The thickeners based on depositing by gravity work the same as that of a deposition
tank. The sludge is given to the tank in the center and is distributed in the tank in a circular
way. The depositing condensed sludge is taken from the sludge exit line while the water is
taken from the penstock.
203
In thickeners based on flotation principle, the low density muds are floated on top of the
tank by giving air from bottom of the tank and they are then collected from there.
With the help of sludge condensing units, the capacity of the required tank and
equipment is decreased, the amount of the chemicals for conditioning decreases and the heat
required for decomposers, thermal drying and the fuel burning decreases.
When the sludge is transferred to long distances in large facilities, the volume of the
sludge decreases and the diameter of the pipe and elevation cost decreases also. In small
facilities minimum diameter and speed need is required to pump the waste water together
with the sludge.
E.3. Sludge Dehydration
While the thickened sludge can display liquid behaviour and can be pumped,
dehydrated sludge behaves like solids. For this reason, it is not possible to transfer it by
pumping. The sludge dehydration units can increase the sludge to concentration values
higher than 15%.
Among the dehydration methods, non mechanical dehydration methods such as sludge
drying beds, and lagunas and mechanical methods like belt pres, filter pres, centrifuge and
vacuum filter can be listed.
In sludge drying beds the sludge is dehydrated by two methods. The first one is to drain
the sludge water from the sludge and then drain from the sand drying bed. This mechanism
can last for a few days only until the system gets blocked. Only 25% of the sludge water can
be removed from the sludge. For conditioned sludge, 75% of the sludge water can be
removed by this method. Another method is realized by the vaporization of the water and
lasts longer. This mechanism is dependent on the weather conditions. The picture of
dewatering unit sample is given below.
Figure 81. Sluge Dewatering Unit
204
In dehydration process by band filters the concentration of the solid particles
dehydrated can be 20% or a little more.
E.4. Neutralization Pond
pH is an indicator to show whether the water is acidic or basic and it is a parameter
which must be monitored in the exit water according to Water Pollution Control Regulatory.
Therefore, the neutralization pond must be ibstalled to the exit of the treatment facility in order
to provide the pH discharge standards. The waters coming to the neutralization ponds will be
ventilated to be balanced and will be stirred. The neutralization pond is rectangular in shape
and has a capacity of 1000 m3 approximately.
The waste waters sourcing from the treatment facility and coming out of the
neutralization pool are collected in the Final Discharge Pool which has a capacity of 2000 m3.
The waste water discharged from the facility will not affect the settlement areas (irrigation,
agriculture, drinking water, etc.), from the discharge point to Kızılırmak River and to the Black
Sea it reaches finally.
The water coming from the Water Treatment Facility through Water Softening, Actived
carbon, Washing Waters, etc. will be removed following the related provisions of the Water
Pollution Control Regulatory given below in Table 72.
Table 72. Water Pollution Control Regulation – Table 20.7: Sector. Water softening, demineralization and
regeneration, actived carbon washing and regeneration facilities.
Parameter
Unit
Composite Sample
Composite Sample
Chlorure (Cl-)
(mg/L)
for 2 hours
for 24 hours
2000
1500
Sulphate (SO4 )
(mg/L)
3000
2500
Iron (Fe)
(mg/L)
10
-
Fish biotest (ZSF)
-
10
-
pH
-
6-9
6-9
-2
The blow down waters coming from the cooling system will be removed by providing the
provisions related with the Water Pollution Control Regulatory given in Table 73 below.
Table 73. Water Pollution Control Regulation – Table 9.7: Sector: Coal Preparation and Energy Production
Facilities (Industrial Cooling Waters in Closed Cycle)
Parameter
Unit
Composite Sample
Composite Sample
for 2 hours
for 24 hours
Chemical Oxygene Need (KOI)
(mg/L)
40
-
Suspended Solids (AKM)
(mg/L)
100
-
Free Chlorure
(mg/L)
0.3
-
Total Phosphore
(mg/L)
5.0
-
Zinc (Zn)
(mg/L)
4.0
-
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After treating the domestic waste waters sourcing during the operation stage and the
process waste water, Environmental Permission Document for the discharge to the receptory
environment in context of the Regulatory about the Permissions and Licenses Required
Compliant to the Environment Laws will be received.
VIII.2.4
Information related to the cooling (main and auxiliary cooling water)
system, flow diagram of the cooling water, chemicals to be used, or the name of the
internal process and the related amounts, the environment where the cooling water
will be discharged, the effects to the environment and the precautions to be taken,
the method used in modelling, description of the model, addition of the analysis of
the existing water to the report, determination of the difference of the intake and
exit temperature of the cooling water with respect to the months.
In context of the project, the cooling system is designed as a mechanical draft cooling
tower.
The water necessary for the cooling tower will be obtained from caisson wells and these
waters will be treated in the Process and Utility Water Treatment Facility located in the project
area. The water treatment facility is given in the Water Mass Balance Diagram in the
appendix (See Appendix-19). As can be seen on the diagram, some of the waters obtained
from the caissson wells will be given to the cooling towers after being sedimented in the presedimentation pools. The water to be taken to the cooling towers are designed as 1.050
m3/hr. Since no advanced treatment will be made for the waters taken in the cooling tower,
there is no chemicals used in this section. The clarifier Units seen in the Water Mass Balance
Diagram is detailed in the section VIII.2.3 (See Appendix-19).
In the project, the cooling system is designed as mechanical draft cooling tower. In
mechanical draft cooling system continuous and approximately 40,000 m3 circulation water is
required. This amount in question will be supplied through caisson wells for one time step by
step.
In the cooling system, in the circulation water circulated in a closed cycle evaporization
and blowdown losses will occur. In order to meet the evaporization losses, about 695 m3/
hour (193 lt/sec) and to complete the blowdown losses about 350 m3/hour (97.2 lt/sec) water
is needed to be added to the system.
During the evaporization losses occurring in the cooling system, the dissolved minerals
and the solid particles found in the cooling water can not be evaporated. The water
evaporated in the cooling towers is the H2O molecules.
Since the H2O molecules in the circulation water in the cooling system are partially
evaporated, the amount in the dissolved and non-dissolved minerals and solid particles in
water increase gradually. Since the dissolved minerals increase electrical conductivity in the
water, the metal parts in the cooling system is under the risk of “electro-corrosion”. In order to
reduce the electro – corrosion the conductivity of the cooling water is periodically controlled
and when the conductivity increased, some cooling water is discharged from the system. The
water discharged from the system is called the blow down water.
206
In the project, the cooling system is designed as mechanical draft cooling system. In
mechanical draft cooling system continuous and approximately 40 000 m3 circulation water is
required. This amount in question will be supplied through caisson wells for one time step by
step. The Figure 82 below shows the losses in the cooling system schematically.
Figure 82. Scheme Showing the Typical Water Losses in a Cooling Tower
The water with a discharge rate of 695 m3/hr added into the system is required to
compensate the evaporation losses in the system; there is no waste water sourcing from this
stage.
In order to keep the concentration of the salt and the other impurities in the circulation
water at a certain, desired level blowdown water is discharged from the system. The water
with a discharge rate of 350 m3/hr added into the system is required to compensate the
blowdown losses in the system; the blowdown waters sourcing from this stage will be
balanced in the discharge pool located at the exit of the waste water treatment facility and
then these waters will be discharged. During construction of the discharge cannals within the
scope of the Project, to prevent any adverse effects on riverbed and river, necessary
precautions will be taken.
Since the cooling system existing in the operation will work as closed cycle, cooling
water will not be discharged to the Kızılırmak in the scope of activitiy. Thus, there will be no
negative change in the temperature of the river and in its other parameters due to the
operations of the ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power plant (NGCCPP), and aquatic
flora and fauna will not be affected negatively.
At the operation stage, generally problems such as corrosion, mineral deposition,
pollution and microbiological developments are encountered in Water Cooling Energy Power
Plants. Except for treatment of the feed water and circulation water before entering into the
system, with the control of the chemical parameters in the cooling water, the system can be
protected from such problems.
207
The chemical conditioning programs in the cooling water systems can only be provided
with taking the interactions of these four elements into consideration and solving the problems
together at optimum level.
In order not to compare with the problems in question and to maintain the continuity of
the quality of the cooling water, there will be a chemical dosing unit in the cooling water
system. Based on the continuous measurement of the cooling water online, by using
chemical ssuch as lime preventer, diluter, chlore /sodium hypochloride and sulphuric acid the
quality of the cooling water will be controlled without doing any harm to the system.
The chemicals –and their amounts- to be used in the cooling system against wearing
and microbial reproduction is shown below in the table.
Table 74. Chemicals to be used in the cooling water
Name of chemical
Amount
Purpose
Descaler
21 kg/hr
To prevent lime formation and corrosion in the system
Diluter
1.375 kg/month
To prevent and control the formation of deposition
Chlore / Sodiumhypochloride
14 kg/hr
To prevent growth of algae and organisms
Sulphuric acid
88 kg/hr
To balance the pH of the water
In order to determine the existing conditions in the Kızılırmak River where waste waters
will be discharged after treatment, water samples were collected and analyzed by Çınar
Environmental Measurement and Analysis Laboratory which is accredited by the Turkish
Accreditation Institution (TURKAK) and awarded by Environmental Measurement and
Analyses Sufficiency Document of the Ministry of Environment. Detailed information on the
results of the analyses of the Kızılırmak waters is given in section VII.2.4. Results of the water
analyses are given in the appendices (See. Appendix-11).
VIII.2.5
provided
How the main and auxiliary fuel to be used during the project will be
In context of the project, including the losses, 1.109 m3 natural gas will be consumed for
electric power production. The fuel will be supplied from the BOTAŞ Natural Gas Pipeline.
For the natural gas supply to the RMS-A station which will be constructed for the ESER
NGCCPP, preliminary field excursion was made for the route of the pipeline on 18.05.2011
with the participation of BOTAŞ Ankara Branch Directorate Department of Field Construction
and Expropriation and the Consulting Company and the protocol given in the appendix was
recorded (See Appendix-8).
As has been stated in the protocol, the pipeline passes just near the project area and
through a hot-tap at a suitable point at 365+272 km on the 48” Samsun-Ankara Natural Gas
Pipeline, from two alternative points (after the precise determination of the RMS-A station
through a field route reconnaissance work) gas can be taken in RMS-A station.
208
Since the entire route of the pipeline stays in the domain of the company, there will be
no expropriation. In case the hot-tap point falls out of the domain of the company, this point
will be expropriated for the ownership. After the Environmental Impact Assessment process,
the expropriation files will be prepared and after confirmation by the cadastral authorities, the
section where the line passes will be transferred to the BOTAŞ with no charge. Regulations
on Safety and Environment for the Construction and Operation of BOTAŞ Crude Oil and
Natural Gas Pipelines shall be complied with during the construction of pipeline route.
Satellite View and Pictures showing the location of pipeline are given in previous
sections, at Figure 16 and Figure 17.
VIII.2.6
Burning of main fuel and auxiliary fuel to be used under the scope of
the project at which units and in what quantities burning systems to be used,
specifications of fuel, nominal calorific power, emissions, reducing measures and
their efficiency, instruments to be used for measurements and systems (systems to
be set up for instant-online-measuring and assessment of flue gas emissions,
operations to be carried out for measurement of the existing air quality), the
method used in the modeling system, description of the model, meteorological data
to be used in the model (precipitation, wind, atmospheric stability/resolution, height
of mixture, etc.), model inputs, results of model considering also worst-case
scenario, indication of outputs obtained as the result of modeling on the land
usage map, examination of effects of emissions to reach at Irmak District Urban
Transformation Area located at north of the project area, Yahşihan District Center
and Hacıbalı Village under the scope of meteorological data (predominant wind,
etc.).
At which Units and in what quantity the main fuel and auxiliary fuel will be burned up
and burning/combustion systems to be used, specifications of fuel, nominal calorific
power:
Only natural gas, as fuel, will be used at ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power
Plant, and annual amount of consumption is determined as approx. 1.109 m3.
In principle natural gas consists of hydrocarbons like methane (CH4) and at very low
rate ethane (C4H10) and propane (C3H8). Additionally it may also contain in its composition
such gases as Nitrogen (N2), Carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfur (H2S) and helium.
However, since H2S is a harmful component, natural gas is cleaned from this component at
the natural gas production point and then pumped into the pipeline. Natural gas is a colorless
and odorless gas which is lighter than air.
209
Results of Analysis of Natural Gas to be taken from BOTAŞ Natural Gas Pipeline passing near the Project Area are as follows: .
Table 75. Kırıkkale Region Gas Chromatograph Values
MONTHLY AVERAGE VALUES
Propane
I-Butan
N-Butan
DATE
Upper Cal.
Lower Cal.
Methane
Ethan
February 2010
253800.90
228600.13
2741.23507
24.88939
7.38494
1.18801
March 2010
281301.58
253362.81
3032.63560
29.39720
8.27673
1.45753
April 2010
272402.96
245372.51
2931.51500
29.95349
9.24396
May 2010
281752.83
253728.16
3021.84570
34.65501
10.74193
June 2010
273542.49
246424.81
2917.99800
37.63391
July 2010
282531.49
254568.52
3019.16443
37.25784
August 2010
283053.92
255027.52
3011.47420
Sept. 2010
273752.55
246656.98
October 2010
281937.71
254259.13
Nov. 2010
272843.91
Dec. 2010
281391.06
I-Pentan
N-Pentan
N2
CO2
C6+
1.11588
0.21497
0.14375
22.10444
1.66482
0.05939
1.33787
0.26109
0.17239
24.00248
1.89608
0.58577
1.47055
1.38379
0.26990
0.18020
23.84671
2.03243
0.10429
1.69530
1.67708
0.32744
0.21789
26.20438
2.49735
0.13792
12.55657
1.96972
1.90386
0.38022
0.26139
24.59410
2.56503
0.13728
12.15722
1.99075
1.92880
0.39681
0.27595
24.40971
2.29130
0.12708
41.47176
13.48109
2.18377
2.09104
0.43693
0.30849
25.68897
2.70791
0.15585
2918.91700
38.61339
12.30561
2.01447
1.92498
0.40022
0.27988
23.04806
2.36274
0.13339
3027.26040
32.80325
10.26834
1.73296
1.66023
0.34399
0.23488
23.62471
1.96936
0.10166
245797.18
2929.58370
31.76003
9.93905
1.67721
1.60712
0.33315
0.22750
22.86828
1.90556
0.09818
253478.50
3029.54336
30.54877
9.43477
1.48010
1.39620
0.27026
0.18241
24.96170
2.10809
0.07437
January 2011
281357.89
253454.37
3027.92100
31.05613
9.59277
1.48202
1.39061
0.26809
0.17971
25.81158
2.21792
0.07971
Total
3319669.29
2990730.62
35609.09346
400.04017
125.38298
20.34238
19.41745
3.90307
2.66444
291.16512
26.21860
1.79490
9094.98
8193.78
97.55916
1.09600
0.34352
0.05573
0.05320
0.01069
0.00730
0.79771
0.07183
0.00492
Average
210
2 each 270.7 MW capacity Gas Turbines will be used at the said Power Plant; there thermal
energy generated by burning the natural gas has been transformed into mechanical energy by
operating burning turbines compressor and generators.
Hot exhaust gas discharged from gas turbine however is taken to the wastewater Heat
Recovery Steam Generator. 2 Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG) will be available under
the project. Each one of gas turbine is connected separately to the generators and wastewater
heat boilers. Exhaust gas produced in gas turbines will be taken to the HRSG for generation of
high pressure steam. In order to generate compressed steam at the 3 compressed chambers in
the HRSG exhaust gases will be used and stacks of the plant will be present here.
Within the scope of the Project it is envisaged that 1 each auxilary boiler with approx. 6.5
tons/h of steam flow rate is to be installed. Auxilary boiler, for which only natural gas will be used
as fuel, has been so designed that its efficiency and productivity will be approx. 90%.
Auxilary Boiler to be designed as to be used at the time of re-commissioning into the
system after stopping the plant for any reason whatsoever. At the time of reactivating the Plant
generation of steam at HRSG takes too much time, therefore auxilary boiler will be used for
generating steam rapidly. Auxilary boiler which generates rapid steam during reactivation process
will be shut down when the system starts operating regularly. This unit which shall not be used
continuously has been designed only in order to shorten the time of reactivation of the plant and to
make generation of energy much more productive.
The Plant will be provided with 2 stacks for wastewater heating boiler and 1 stack for
auxilary boiler from which flue gases will be discharged.
In the Annex-6 of the Regulation on the Control of Industrial Air Pollution the
Calorific/Thermal Power (Fuel Calorific/Thermal Power, Nominal Calorific/Thermal Power) is the
main power value that has been found as the result of multiplication of amount of fuel burned at a
burning/incinerating plant at a unit of time by the fuel lower calorific/thermal value, which has been
given in units of kW or MW.
It has been envisaged that amount of Natural Gas to be used at ESER Natural Gas
Combined Cycle Power Plant under the Project is to be approx. 1.109 m3/year, fuel lower calorific
value is to be 8,250 kcal/m3 and annual operating capacity is to be as 7500 hrs/year. Taking into
consideration these information calculation of the plant nominal thermal power has been made as
follows, and nominal calorific/thermal power has been calculated as 1279.3 MW.
(1 MW = 859845.2 kcal/h)
year
year
hour
hour
211
Emissions, reducing measures and their efficiencies, instruments and systems to be
used for measurements (systems to be set up for instant-online- measurement and
assessment of emissions of flue gases, operations to be performed fort the measurement of
existing air quality):
Natural Gas which is known as the type of cleanest fuel among fossil fuels will be used at
the Power Plant under the Project. The most significant parameter among the air emissions that
may arise due to burning of natural gas is the formations of NOx emissions. At Incineration
facilities running with gas, specifically in gas turbines, NOx emissions basically depend upon
formation of thermal NOx:
Combustion of natural gas is not an important source of dust emission. Sulfur Oxide
emissions are mostly originated from the existence of sulfur in the fuel. As the natural gas is a
sulfur free gas, formation of SO2 originated from the Plant has not been expected.
Carbon monoxide (CO) always appears as a by-product of the combustion process. In
order to minimize CO emissions the best available technique is a complete burning operations
which have been to be provided with the design of a good furnace, monitoring with high
performance and operation control techniques, maintenance of the combustion system. Along with
the conditions of burning, an advanced system in reducing NOx emissions shall ensure decrease
of CO levels.
Within the framework of the European Union Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control
Directive (IPPC) in the Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for Large Combustion
Plants it has been indicated that dry low NOx pre-mixing burners (DLN) is the best available
technique for reducing Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) in gas turbines, gas motors and gas driven steam
boilers. In the same document among preventive technologies used in reducing NOx emissions
water or steam injection, dry low NOx (DLN) technologies and selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
are available. Within the scope of the said ESER NGCCPP dry low NOx burners shall be used.
The basic feature of dry low NOx burners is the mixture of air and fuel and in both burning it
occurs at two consecutive steps. Before burning air and fuel is mixed and then low flame level and
a homogeneous distribution degree resulted in low NOx emissions are obtained.
Today, dry low NOx Burners, specifically for gas turbines using natural gas, represent a
technology which is set up well. In the following Figure 83 a schematic view of a typical DLN
Combustion Chamber is provided.
212
Figure 83. Schematic View of the DLN Combustion Chamber
Dry low NOx burning systems are very efficient and reliable. Nowadays almost all industrial
gas turbines are equipped with dry low NOx burning systems. Their investment costs are higher
than approx. 15% and their maintenance costs are approx. 40% higher than those for non-DLN
gas turbines.
The following provisions are included in the Regulation on the Large Burning/Combustion
Plants which entered into force and effect by publishing in the Official Gazette issue no. 27605
dated 08.06.2010:
Article 18, Paragraph-1: “Operator measures SO2, NOx, CO, dust concentrations,
parameters that their emission limit values are specified in all flue gases of each combustion facility
by making non-stop measurements at the flue.”
Article18, Paragraph – 2: “ As an exception to the circumstances referred in the Paragraph1 above, a continuous measurement is required under the following conditions:
a) For Combustion/Burning Plants whose service life is less than 10.000 hours of service
b) For SO2 and dust in boilers using natural gas, SO2 and dust in gas turbines using
natural gas,
c) For SO2 in gas turbines or boiler using Liquid Fuel with known sulfur content, but
without flue gas purification facility,
213
d) For boilers using biomass, for SO2 in case of circumstances that the Operator proves
that SO2 emissions shall not exceed the specified emission rates in any circumstances,
e) In cases where non-stop measurement is unnecessary measurements are made in
intervals at least semi-annually.
In periodic measurements, standards which are found proper by the competent Authorities
are used in order to determine content of pollutants as specified in the paragraph one and in the
present paragraph.
Article 18, paragraph-3 “Non-stop measurements carried out in accordance with the
paragraph one, include content of oxygen from the relevant process operating parameters,
temperature, pressure and water steam. If samples of exhaust gas are dried before measuring the
emissions, then to continuously measure content of water steam is unnecessary.”
On the strength of the said provisions HRSG Emission Stacks NOx and CO concentrations
shall be measured by using continuously measuring instrument at the Stack/flue. The continuous
measurements shall cover the oxygen content from the relevant process operating parameters,
temperature, pressure and water steam.
In relation with the emission limits of gaseous fuels the following provision is set forth in
Article 7 of the Regulation on the Large Burning/Combustion Plants published and promulgated in
the Official Gazette issue no. 27605 dated 08.06.2010: “ As mg/Nm3 at the Burning/Combustion
Plants with gaseous fuel in the flue gas on the basis of 3% volumetric oxygen (O2 ) emission limit
values as per Annex-3 cannot be exceeded.” and in Article-8 the following provision has been put
forth in relation with the emission limits for gas turbines – “As mg/Nm3 at the gas turbines on the
basis of 15% volumetric oxygen (O2 )in the flue gas emission limit values as per Annex-4 cannot
be exceeded.”
Only natural gas will be used as fuel under the scope of the Plant constituting subject of the
project; emissions that may arise from the Plant shall meet the Regulation’s limit values as shown
in the following Table 76. The NOx concentration originating from the gas turbine installed in the
plant will be less than 50 mg/Nm3.
Table 76. Regulation on the Large Combustion Plants – Emission Limit Values
ANNEX related to the Regulation on Large Combustion Plants
Annex-3, Emission Limit Values at Gaseous Fuel Combustion plants ( Fuel
Emission Limit Values (mg/Nm3)
Dust
SO2
NO2(NO ve NO2)
CO
5
35
100
100
-
11,7
50
100
Calorific power ≥300 MW) ( specify the % 3 O2)
Annex-4, Emission Limit Values at gas turbines i (1) (specify the % 15 O2)
(1) Emission limit values for NO2 are valid for the operating load over 70% according to ISO Requirements (288,15 K temperature,
101,3 kPa pressure and 60% relative humidity).
Nevertheless,
a)
Gas Turbines used at composite heat and power systems whose aggregate efficiency is more than 75%
b)
Gas turbines which are used in the combined cycle power plants and whose average total electricity efficiency is more
than 55%
c)
Gas turbines for mechanical drive
Single cycle gas turbines which are not involved in none of the foregoing categories, but whose efficiency is more
than 35% (to be determined according to the ISO basic load)
214
75
75
75
50*h/35
ESER NGCCPP project is subject to the Regulation on Permits and Licenses required to be
obtained pursuant to the Law of Environment which was published and promulgated in the Official
gazette Issue no. 27214 dated 29.04.2009, Annex-1 List of Activities or Facilities whose Polluting
Impact on the Environment is high, 1.1.2. Plants whose combustion system total calorific value at
plants burning gas heating power is 100 MW or more; therefore Environment Certificate of Permit
shall be obtained under the scope of the Plant.
The method used in the modeling system, description of the model, meteorological
data to be used in the model (precipitation, wind, atmospheric stability/resolution, height of
mixture, etc.), model inputs, results of model considering also worst-case scenario,
indication of outputs obtained as the result of modeling on the land usage map,
examination of effects of emissions to reach at Irmak District Urban Transformation Area
located at north of the project area, Yahşihan District Center and Hacıbalı Village under the
scope of meteorological data (predominant wind, etc.).
Air quality modeling studies have been carried out by using AERMOD program on
distribution of emissions emanating from the operation phase of the subject ESER NGCCPP.
Distribution of pollutant emissions to be discharged to the atmosphere through any Stacks
and their ambient air concentration values caused by them will be estimated by means of air
distribution models. These models forecast how such pollutants will be distributed in the
atmosphere by means of certain formula covering existing emission content/amount and the
height at which such emissions discharged to the atmosphere, on the basis of meteorological
conditions observed in the past at the area of examination.
Pollutants’ movements and distributions in the air depend upon their rate of emission,
heights of Stack and meteorological conditions, as well as the pollutants’ specific (physical,
chemical, thermodynamic, etc.) features. Since the existing models have been used mostly for
such general pollutants as particles, it takes into consideration some parts of these features.
Majority of numerical models used for determination of distribution of pollutant emissions
emanating from the source in the atmosphere are the modifications of Gauss (normal) distribution
model developed for single or multi-dimensional dispersions.
The basis of AERMOD model depends upon Gauss distribution equation; this equation has
been used together with some modifications for the purpose of modeling of simple spot source
emissions arising from Stacks, flue gas emissions leading to aerodynamic washing impacts
caused by buildings close to the source, single or multiple gas outlets, storage activities creating
pollution, mobile source emissions.
AERMOD model has been using “hourly meteorological” data in order to define rising of
pollutant cloud, movement and accumulation. This model forecasts concentration and
accumulation quantities on the basis of source and component of receiver groups according to
hourly meteorological data and calculates their short term averages required. In relation with
sedimentation values the dry sedimentation speed or total sedimentation speed can be forecast.
Total sedimentation velocity/speed represents total of dry and wet sedimentation velocities simply
at any point of receiver group.
215
Modeling inputs:
1. Plant information:
2 units of gas turbines of 270.7 MW capacity will be used in the plant in question. Thermal
energy produced by burning the natural gas is turned to mechanical energy by using burning
turbines, compressor and generators.
Hot exhaust gas coming from gas turbine is sent to Heat Recovery Steam Generator to
reuse it. There will be 2 units of Heat Recovery Steam Generator within the concept of the project.
Each of the gas turbine is connected to separate generators and Heat Recovery Steam
Generators. Exhaust gas produced in gas turbines will be taken to Heat Recovery Steam
Generator to produce high pressure steam. Turbine exhaust gases will be used to produce
pressurized steam in the 3 pressure sections of the Heat Recovery Steam Generator. The Stacks
of the plant will be located here.
It is foreseen to establish 1 unit of auxillary boiler of ca. 6.5 t/h steam flow within the
concept of the project. The auxillary boiler using only natural gas as fuel to be designed as having
the approximate productivity of 90 %.
The auxillary boiler to be designed to reuse during connecting the same to the system after
stopping the plant for any reason. The auxillary boiler will be used to produce fast steam since the
production of steam in the Heat Recovery Steam Generators takes long time during putting the
plant into use again. The auxillary boiler producing fast steam during putting the plant into use
again will be switched off after having the system on a regular mode. This unit will not be used
continuously. It has only been designed to shorten the time for putting the plant into operation and
to make the energy production more productive.
In the plant, there will be 2 units of Heat Recovery Steam Generator Stacks and 1 unit of
auxillary boiler Stack to eliminate burning gases.
The information regarding the plant Stacks used in the air quality modeling and the
specification of burning gas are given in the following table 77.
216
Table 77. The information regarding the plant Stacks and the specification of burning gas
Heat Recovery Steam Generator Stack
Auxillary boiler Stack
Stack height (m)
75
15
Stack diameter (m)
5.5
0.75
Stack cross-section area (m2)
23.8
0.4
Flue gas speed (m/s)
Volumetric flow of flue gas (m3/h)
31.2
5
2,673,216
7,200
Flue temperature (0C)
87
180
Flue temperature (0K)
360.15
453.15
1.32
1.66
Vg (Nm3)= Tg * (Vn/Tn) (m3)
Volumetric flow of flue gas (Nm3/h)
2,025,164
4,337
Heat Recovery Steam Generator Stack
Auxillary boiler Stack
Emission Concentration limit
Mass Emission Flow
Mass Emission
Mass Emission Flow
Mass Emission
value (mg/Nm3)
(kg/h)
Flow (g/s)
(kg/h)
Flow (g/s)
CO
100
202.5
56.25
0.43
0.12
NOx
50
101.3
28.13
0.22
0.06
Emission
Parameters
The regulation regarding controlling the air pollution resulting from industry (IAPCR),
Annex-4, Section a.1 Determining the Stack height and speed of plants subject to permission
stipulates the following: "Flue gas speeds resulting from burning plants have to be given vertically
to the atmosphere to be able to move the waste gases without hindrance by the free air current.
Therefore, Stacks should be used. For the plants with nominal heat power over 500 kw the
exhausting speed of gases through Stack should be at least 4 m/s." The flue gas speeds resulting
from burning plants are ensuring the limit value of the mentioned regulation.
Annex-4: Section b.3 Determining the Stack height and speed of plants subject to
permission of the same regulation (IAPCR), stipulates the following: “For the plants with nominal
heat power over 1.2 MW the Stack height should be determined according to the principles given
below and by using abac."
In the light of all of these data, the Stack height existing in the plant has been calculated by
using abac and given below.
The Stack height H can be found by the formula H= H' +J
To be able to determine the H' value, abac calculation method will be used. The inputs
used in the abac calculation are summarized as follows:
217
Table 78. Abac calculation inputs
Stack diameter (m)
5.5
87
Volumetric flow of flue gas (Nm3/h)
2,025,164
Q
S
Q/S
Mass Emission Flow (kg/h)
Values
kg/h
CO
202.5
7.5
27.0
NOx-50
101.3
0.1
1012.6
The abac calculation has been made for NOx and CO parameters and the pollutant giving
the highest Stack height value has been determined as Nox.The abac calculation made for the
NOx is given below on the diagram 84.
35 m
Figure 84. Abac calculation
218
As a result of abac drawing given above, the H' value has been calculated as 35 m.
To be able to determine the J value, the diagram 85 given below will be used. The J' value
required in the diagram is the average value of the rugged terrain of 10' radius from the ground
level of the plant. The area of activity and surrounding elevations have been checked to be able to
determine the J' value.
Figure 74. Diagram to determine the J value
From the diagram above the J value has been determined as 40 m. The Stack height H can
be found by the formula H= H' +J. Accordingly, the H value has been determined as ca. 75 m. The
Stack heights to be established within the concept of ESER NGCCPP of the project to be designed
as 75 m equal to the limit value of the regulation.
2. Meteorological data:
There is a need for 2 types of meteorological data files provided by AERMET which is the
preprocessor of AERMOD meteorological data. One of the files contains the numeric surface
parameter and the next one contains the vertical profile of meteorological data. To produce these
files, meteorological data recorded by Kırıkkale Meteorological Station(Station No: 17135; latitude:
39.51 N; longitude: 33.31 E) of General Directorate for State Meteorological Affairs of 2004 have
been used on the modeling work. These data contains the measurement of heat, wind speed and
direction and pressure per hour and daily cloud heights and total cloud amount. Main level
sounding data per hour has been received from Ankara Meteorological Station(Station No: 17130;
latitude: 39.57 N; longitude: 32.53 E) of General Directorate for State Meteorological Affairs.
219
The explanation of the parameters in surface and profile meteorological data provided ny
AERMET folders are given below.
H = Sensible heat flux (W/m2)
u* = Surface friction velocity (m/s)
w* = Convective velocity scale (m/s)
VPTG = Potential temperature gradient in the 500 m layer above PBL
Zic = Height of convectively-generated boundary layer (m)
Zim = Height of mechanically-generated boundary layer (m)
L = Monin-Obukhov length) (m)
zo = Surface roughness length (m)
Bo = Bowen ratio
r = Albedo
Ws = Wind speed (m/s)
Wd = Wind direction (degrees)
zref = Reference height for Ws and Wd (m)
temp = Temperature (K)
ztemp = Reference height for temperature (m)
height = Measurement height (m)
WDnn = Wind direction at the current level (degrees)
WSnn = Wind speed at the current level (m/s)
TTnn = Temperature at the current level (°C)
Surface Roughness Length (m) :
It is a coefficent indicating the impacts of surface roughness on mean wind speed and
alteration of speed with height. Surface Roughness Length is calculated using the geometric mean
weighted 1 km around measurement area, inversly proportional to distance and constants of
Surface Roughness Length in AERMET User Guide and the value of Surface Roughness Length
used within the scope of modelling study are given below.
Water Surface
Non-evergreen trees
Needle leaved trees
Marsh
Plantation
Pasture
Urban Settlement
Rural Settlement
The Values used within the scope of
modelling study
Spring
0.0001
1
1.3
0.20
0.03
0.05
1
0.30
Summer
0.0001
1.3
1.3
0.20
0.20
0.1
1
0.30
Autumn
0.0001
0.8
1.3
0.20
0.05
0.01
1
0.30
Winter
0.0001
0.5
1.3
0.05
0.01
0.001
1
0.15
1.000
1.003
0.998
0.993
220
Bowen Ratio:
Bowen Ratio is a measurment of moisture on surface. The moisture on earth cause alteration
of energy balance and so alteration of sensible heat flux and Monin-Obukhovlenght.Bowen Ratio is
calculated using the geometric mean weighed 10 x 10 km around measurement point and the
bowen ratios in AERMET User Guide and the bowen ratios used within the scope of modelling
study are given below.
Dry Conditions
Water Surface
Non-evergreen trees
Needle leaved trees
Marsh
Plantation
Pasture
Urban Settlement
Rural Settlement
Mean
Water Surface
Non-evergreen trees
Needle leaved trees
Marsh
Plantation
Pasture
Urban Settlement
Rural Settlement
Wet Conditions
Water Surface
Non-evergreen trees
Needle leaved trees
Marsh
Plantation
Pasture
Urban Settlement
Rural Settlement
modelling study
Spring
0.1
1.5
1.5
0.2
1.0
1.0
2.0
5.0
Summer
0.1
0.6
0.6
0.2
1.5
2.0
4.0
6.0
Autumn
0.1
2.0
1.5
0.2
2.0
2.0
4.0
10.0
Winter
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
10.0
0.1
0.7
0.7
0.1
0.3
0.4
1.0
3.0
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.5
0.8
2.0
4.0
0.1
1.0
0.8
0.1
0.7
1.0
2.0
6.0
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
6.0
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.5
1.0
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.4
1.0
1.5
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.4
0.5
1.0
2.0
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
2.0
1.10
1.63
2.01
2.27
Albedo:
Albedo is the scattering part of sunlight without being absorbed on earth. It is calculated using
the geometric mean weighted around 10 x 10 km of Albedo measurement point and Albedo
constants in AERMET User Guide and the value of albedo used within the scope of modelling
study are given below.
Dry Conditions
Water Surface
Non-evergreen trees
Needle leaved trees
Marsh
Plantation
Pasture
Urban Settlement
Rural Settlement
modelling study
Spring
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.14
0.18
0.14
0.30
Summer
0.10
0.12
0.12
0.14
0.20
0.18
0.16
0.28
Autumn
0.14
0.12
0.12
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.18
0.28
Winter
0.20
0.50
0.35
0.30
0.60
0.60
0.35
0.45
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.08
221
To chose the data year which will be used in Air Quality Modelling Study, Kırıkkale
Meteorological Station Long Years (1975-2010) was compered with Kırıkkale Meteorological
Station last 10 years meteorological data. Wind blowing numbers are given below according to the
monitoring records of Kırıkkale Meteorological Station Long Years (1975-2010).
Table 7. Wind blowing numbers according to the monitoring records of Kırıkkale Meteorological Station Long Years (1975-2010).
Wind
Direction
Months
January February March April
May
June
July
Toplam
August September October November December
N
505
602
558
457
638
948
942
737
735
654
504
408
7688
NNE
774
716
817
753
1025
1498
2245
1710
1144
1036
770
691
13179
NE
2285
2334
2995
2425 3375
3951
5404
5403
4052
3418
2418
2310
40370
ENE
2389
2410
2741
2470 3317
3622
4642
4869
3885
3937
2849
2703
39834
E
2009
1770
2229
1850 2235
2043
2253
2561
2558
2388
2423
1991
26310
ESE
640
560
562
504
571
654
572
611
645
524
573
519
6935
SE
666
500
533
456
692
483
521
401
564
690
529
771
6806
SSE
611
369
299
377
302
240
167
181
270
329
345
502
3992
S
1233
966
997
909
611
458
350
289
429
571
803
873
8489
SSW
2665
2420
2172
2274 1440
731
417
431
807
1298
1958
2516
19129
SW
3784
3028
3029
3066 2226
1287
870
850
1239
1596
2255
3574
26804
WSW
1251
1345
1602
1863 1567
1177
600
586
1091
1346
1402
1460
15290
W
1057
1179
1329
1704 1442
1218
891
732
987
972
917
889
13317
WNW
334
402
574
625
638
799
515
475
718
590
457
496
6623
NW
331
472
486
504
489
688
659
656
555
340
319
320
5819
NNW
339
450
499
419
494
786
690
555
535
328
476
419
5990
Table 8. Total number of wind blowing according to Kırıkkale Meteorological Station last 10 years Monitoring Records
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
N
241
222
294
291
505
403
102
1477
1490
1714
NNE
452
386
596
1167
902
1033
151
2875
2551
3378
NE
1117
1105
1522
1585
1626
1689
283
7608
6998
8617
ENE
1538
1318
1730
1180
1037
1034
390
9312
8863
9486
E
1026
1004
753
405
470
312
389
6554
7183
5219
ESE
313
385
359
178
212
239
263
3511
3469
2574
SE
197
264
173
161
173
238
146
1856
1334
1598
SSE
120
302
148
221
188
195
117
1208
1050
1243
S
278
319
129
415
698
651
136
1776
1809
2189
SSW
887
846
656
934
751
745
254
3495
4402
4695
SW
985
940
921
592
587
678
369
4295
4895
6220
WSW
553
526
567
604
563
529
187
3190
2978
3961
W
500
504
288
362
478
420
110
1990
1749
2542
WNW
274
307
301
213
191
201
82
1477
1695
1747
NW
121
127
120
151
149
197
80
803
919
1055
NNW
157
198
202
322
229
194
71
740
824
988
222
The year of 2004, representing long years meteorological data, was selected to be used in
Air Quality Modelling Study and the data which belongs to this year was used. 1st prevailing wind
direction is Northeast (NE), 2nd prevailing wind direction is East Norteast (ENE) and 3rd prevailing
wind direction is Southwest (SW).
3. Receiving environment net and topography:
The changes in the environmental and social elements of a project which are to be
expected directly or indirectly, in short or long run, provisory or permanently, in positive or negative
direction during its preparation, construction and operation period or after its operation are being
called as project impacts and the area where such impacts are being observed is being called as
project impact area.
During determination of project impact area, the description of plant impact area and the
topography in the nearest settlement areas, project area and its surrounding have been taken into
consideration which is mentioned in the regulation for the control of air pollution as a result of
industry (IAPCR).
The area which is 50(fifty) fold of radius of Stack heights determined according to elements
of IAPCR Annex-4 is the impact area of the plant. Accordingly, since the height of emission Stacks
is 75 m, an area of 3.750 m radius should be chosen as impact area.
Taking into consideration the project area and surrounding topography and the position of
nearest settlement centers, the broader area of 11 km x 11 km surrounding the activity area has
been chosen as plant impact area. It has been given in the Figure 86 below. The topographic map
of 1/25.000 scale where impact area is marked is given in the annex (see the Annex-1).
223
Figure 86. Project impact area
During distribution modeling of air quality, an area of 15 km x 15 km has been chosen as
working area of modeling to show the distribution in a broader area. The side lengths of working
area in question as shown in the following Figure 87 have been divided into grids of 0.5 km. In this
way, checking areas with side lengths of 0.5 km have been established and cornet points of grids
have been assessed as receptors. As seen here, 961 units of reception environment points have
been taken into consideration during modeling activities. Besides points in question, the nearest
settlement areas like Hacıbalı village, Irmak municipality, Kılıçlar municipality and Yahşihan
County, Irmak municipality urban development area, mass housing project area and field house in
proximity of activity area as well have been taken into consideration and included to the modeling
activity. Their coordination data has been given in the table 79 below. There is not any permanent
resident in the field house included in the modeling. It is being used temporarily.
224
Figure 87. Modeling Receptor Points (Grid and divded receptors)
225
Table 79. Coordinates of settlement areas included in the modeling activity.
Order
Settlement area
Its position according to
Its ca. distance to the
project area
project area(m)
x
y
z
Hacıbalı Village
Northeast
2.000
537268
4419321
708
2
Irmak Municipality
Northwest
3.000
533288
4420664
702
3
Irmak Municipality – Urban
West
4.100
530873
4418253
707
Northwest
3.000
532253
4419045
772
Northwest
4.000
534268
4421987
720
No
1
development area
(on the Kılıçlar road - South-southwest of Irmak)
4
Irmak Municipality-Urban
development area
(southwest of Irmak)
5
development area
(Northeast of Irmak)
6
Mass housing project area
Northeast
1.800
536366
4419557
688
7
Field house
North
200
534987
4418091
692
8
Southwest
5.000
530614
4415312
729
9
Southeast
6.000
538946
4413223
762
10
Kırıkkale
Southeast
8.000
541693
4411996
758
4. Alternative scenarios:
During air quality modeling executed within the project concept, alternative scenarios have
been worked on for different situations to evaluate distribution of NO2 emissions in the
atmosphere. Each of the alternative scenarios has been formed for most poor conditions. It has
been deemed that emissions were distributed in the atmosphere under following conditions:
-
Emissions resulted from the plant are on maximal level
Pollutants without being subjected to humid or dry sedimentation
Pollutants without being subjected to any chemical reaction in the atmosphere
(Without being any decrease in the pollutant concentrations).
1. Alternative Senerio (only Eser NGCCPP) :
Only the distribution modeling of flue gas emissions resulted from ESER NGCCPP (The
auxiliary boiler is out of operation). Moreover, it is a model of stack gas emmisions generated when
operation is started again and preheating boiler works.
226
2. Alternative Senerio (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP) :
It is the cumulative assessment and distribution modeling of flue gas emissions resulting
from Kırıkkale combined natural gas cycle power plant of GAP Petrol Gaz Ith. Ve Ihr. Pzr. San. ve
Tic. AŞ located at a distance of ca. 6.5 km in the northeast of ESER NGCCPP (all emission
sources) sources and project area.
The information regarding the Kırıkkale combined natural gas cycle power plant of GAP
Petrol Gaz Ith. Ve Ihr. Pzr. San. ve Tic. AŞ has been taken from relative Report regarding
Evaluation of Environmental Impact prepared for the plant in question. The information used in the
air quality modeling is as follows:
Table 80. Plant Stack data and characteristics of burning gas
Stack data*
Stack height (m)
80
Stack diameter (m)
7
Flue gas speed (m/s)
18.85
92.34
Emission Parameters
Mass Emission Flow (kg/h)
Mass Emission Flow (g/s)
CO
22
6.22
NOx
55
15.32
* There are 3 Stacks in the power plant. The data is valid for each of the Stack.
3. Alternative Senerio (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and Roads) :
15 km away from the Project area there is Ankara-Kırıkkale Highway. NOx emmisions
originated from vehicles on the way in question, were added to the modelling studies and
evaluated cululatively.
227
Figure 88. Setelitte Image-1
228
Traffic load on the way in question is obtained from Traffic Volume Map of Highways And
State Road (2010) taken from General Directorate of Highways. The part of the map in question,
closed to Project area, is given below.
Highways
Highways under construction
Multilane State Roads
Province Roads
Province Border
KGM Region Border
City Center
1120 Automobiles
276 Medium Commercial Vechile
100 Bus
547 Truck
24 Truck + Trailer, Wrecker + Semitrailer
2067 Total
Continous Traffic Counting and Classification Station
Mobile Traffic Counting and Classification Station
Estimation
Highway Toll Both Information
Figure 89 . Traffic Volume Map of Highways and State Road (2010)
While determining NOx mass flow value, Ankara-Kırıkkale Highway in Project impact area is
analysed in 3 parts as can be seen on Traffic Volume Map above. The mass flow valuegenerated
on the road that is in North of Project area is defined as (YolN), the mass flow value generated on
the road that is in east of Project area is defined as (YolE) and the mass flow value generated on
the road that is in southeast of Project area is defined as (YolSE).
The calculation of NOx emmisions mass flow originating from vehicles were done based on
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reference values and EPA reference value is given below.
Vehicle distribution data with respect to model years in Turkey was obtained from Turkish
Statistical Institude (TUİK) and TUİK data was used in the calculations to determine emmissions
originating from traffic.
All inputs in mass flow calculation and mass flow calculation is given below.
229
1. Mass Flow Value (YolN)
Table 81. YolN Mass Flow Value Calculation
Percentage of vehicle according to model years, 1981-2011
(TUIK)
Model
years
Medium
Automobile Commercial
Vehicle
Bus
Truck
Truck,
Trailer,
Wrecker,
Semi-Trailer
Distribution according to model years
Medium
Automobile Commercial
Vehicle
Bus
Truck
Truck,
Trailer,
Wrecker,
Semi-Trailer
1981
5.20
6.61
6.56
14.32
36.07
807.48
85.20
61.67
399.15
552.54
1982
0.43
0.27
0.62
1.59
2.13
66.29
3.51
5.82
44.44
32.68
1983
0.54
0.39
1.23
1.70
2.09
83.16
5.07
11.59
47.46
32.04
1984
0.71
0.47
1.17
1.78
2.75
109.76
6.05
11.00
49.70
42.06
1985
0.88
0.56
1.11
2.01
2.15
135.83
7.26
10.45
56.02
32.87
1986
1.15
0.58
1.29
1.96
1.86
178.22
7.42
12.13
54.52
28.50
1987
1.46
0.54
1.05
1.55
2.41
226.41
6.97
9.91
43.14
36.98
1988
1.68
0.48
1.06
1.76
2.18
260.25
6.19
9.94
48.97
33.36
1989
1.51
0.45
1.18
1.38
1.24
234.10
5.79
11.08
38.35
19.02
1990
2.73
0.76
1.97
2.09
2.03
423.30
9.75
18.56
58.28
31.04
1991
2.55
0.85
1.92
1.79
1.48
395.46
10.91
18.02
49.95
22.72
1992
3.73
1.24
2.64
2.66
1.59
579.30
15.97
24.80
74.10
24.32
1993
5.18
1.94
3.41
3.57
2.11
804.21
24.99
32.02
99.62
32.26
1994
4.49
1.65
2.18
2.47
2.11
696.88
21.21
20.49
68.92
32.27
1995
2.72
0.88
1.34
1.96
2.42
422.16
11.37
12.61
54.75
37.08
1996
3.08
1.91
2.12
3.35
3.26
477.46
24.65
19.97
93.43
49.99
1997
3.74
3.57
3.49
5.20
3.70
579.63
46.02
32.79
144.92
56.71
1998
4.73
4.83
3.90
5.93
4.04
733.25
62.29
36.66
165.26
61.94
1999
3.44
3.44
2.99
2.72
2.61
533.10
44.39
28.14
75.88
39.94
2000
5.10
3.96
3.98
3.21
1.75
791.48
50.98
37.45
89.35
26.76
2001
4.23
3.52
3.25
2.79
1.70
655.69
45.34
30.57
77.64
26.08
2002
1.20
1.32
1.05
1.07
0.56
186.17
17.03
9.88
29.77
8.52
2003
1.94
2.57
1.94
1.78
0.86
300.56
33.14
18.25
49.66
13.23
2004
5.59
7.51
5.65
4.67
2.15
867.08
96.80
53.15
130.28
32.97
2005
2006
5.16
8.56
6.15
4.84
2.40
801.18
110.35
57.81
134.95
36.81
5.81
9.68
8.16
6.21
3.22
901.38
124.78
76.69
173.20
49.29
2007
3.95
7.34
6.87
4.63
2.61
612.40
94.55
64.54
128.95
39.97
2008
5.05
8.08
8.74
4.33
2.49
783.03
104.14
82.15
120.74
38.13
2009
4.09
5.82
6.54
3.20
1.11
634.45
75.01
61.52
89.17
16.97
2010
5.01
6.43
3.00
1.68
1.63
777.44
82.88
28.24
46.74
25.00
2011
2.97
3.80
3.42
1.78
1.30
460.89
48.99
32.11
49.69
19.93
Total
Vehicle
Number
(KGM)
15518
1289
940
2787
1532
230
15518
1289
940
2787
1532
Table 81 Cont’d.
Emmission Factors (g/mil) (EPA)
Model
years
Medium
Commercial
Automobile
Vehicle
Otobüs
Truct
Mass Flow Values Originating from Traffic
Truck,
Medium
Trailer,
Commercial
Wrecker,
Automobile
Vehicle
Semi-Trailer
Bus
Truck
Truck,
Trailer,
Wrecker,
SemiTrailer
1981
3.05
2.12
2.11
20.08
20.08
0.42
0.03
0.02
1.37
1.90
1982
3.00
2.12
2.11
17.73
17.73
0.03
0.001
0.002
0.14
0.10
1983
3.00
2.14
2.12
17.01
17.01
0.04
0.002
0.004
0.14
0.09
1984
3.35
2.20
2.15
17.91
17.91
0.06
0.002
0.004
0.15
0.13
1985
2.95
2.64
2.37
16.51
16.51
0.07
0.003
0.004
0.16
0.09
1986
3.05
2.66
2.38
16.51
16.51
0.09
0.003
0.005
0.15
0.08
1987
2.95
2.66
2.38
16.17
16.17
0.11
0.003
0.004
0.12
0.10
1988
2.20
2.30
2.00
15.81
15.81
0.10
0.002
0.003
0.13
0.09
1989
2.15
2.26
1.98
15.81
15.81
0.09
0.002
0.004
0.10
0.05
1990
2.00
2.12
1.86
9.44
9.44
0.15
0.004
0.01
0.09
0.05
1991
2.65
2.10
1.85
7.83
7.83
0.18
0.004
0.01
0.07
0.03
1992
2.60
2.08
1.84
7.83
7.83
0.26
0.01
0.01
0.10
0.03
1993
2.55
2.06
1.83
7.83
7.83
0.35
0.01
0.01
0.13
0.04
1994
2.45
2.00
1.80
7.83
7.83
0.29
0.01
0.01
0.09
0.04
1995
2.30
1.94
1.77
7.82
7.82
0.17
0.004
0.004
0.07
0.05
1996
2.25
1.90
1.75
7.82
7.82
0.18
0.01
0.01
0.13
0.07
1997
2.15
1.88
1.74
7.82
7.82
0.21
0.01
0.01
0.19
0.08
1998
2.05
1.76
1.63
6.21
6.21
0.26
0.02
0.01
0.18
0.07
1999
1.95
1.74
1.62
6.21
6.21
0.18
0.01
0.01
0.08
0.04
2000
1.85
1.70
1.60
6.20
6.20
0.25
0.01
0.01
0.10
0.03
2001
1.80
1.68
1.59
6.20
6.20
0.20
0.01
0.01
0.08
0.03
2002
1.65
1.64
1.57
6.19
6.19
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.01
2003
1.55
1.52
1.46
6.19
6.19
0.08
0.01
0.00
0.05
0.01
2004
1.45
1.48
1.44
6.19
6.19
0.22
0.02
0.01
0.14
0.04
2005
2006
1.30
1.44
1.42
6.18
6.18
0.18
0.03
0.01
0.14
0.04
1.15
1.30
1.30
6.18
6.18
0.18
0.03
0.02
0.18
0.05
2007
1.05
1.26
1.28
6.17
6.17
0.11
0.02
0.01
0.14
0.04
2008
0.90
1.12
1.16
6.17
6.17
0.12
0.02
0.02
0.13
0.04
2009
0.80
1.10
1.15
6.16
6.16
0.09
0.01
0.01
0.09
0.02
2010
0.70
0.98
1.04
6.15
6.15
0.09
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.03
2011
0.60
0.96
1.03
6.15
6.15
0.05
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.02
Toptal Mass
Flow Values
kg/sa
Road Lenght (m)
6625
Total Mass
Flow Value
g/sn
231
4.87
0.34
0.25
3.82
4.79
3.50
2. Mass Flow Value (YolE)
Table 82. YolE Mass Flow Value Calculation
(TUIK)
Model
years
Medium
Commercial
Automobile
Vehicle
Otobüs
Truct
Truck,
Medium
Trailer,
Commercial
Wrecker,
Automobile
Vehicle
Semi-Trailer
Otobüs
Truct
Truck,
Trailer,
Wrecker,
Semi-Trailer
1981
5.20
6.61
6.56
14.32
36.07
408.84
36.29
36.48
207.53
312.70
1982
0.43
0.27
0.62
1.59
2.13
33.56
1.49
3.44
23.10
18.49
1983
0.54
0.39
1.23
1.70
2.09
42.11
2.16
6.86
24.68
18.13
1984
0.71
0.47
1.17
1.78
2.75
55.57
2.58
6.50
25.84
23.80
1985
0.88
0.56
1.11
2.01
2.15
68.77
3.09
6.18
29.13
18.60
1986
1.15
0.58
1.29
1.96
1.86
90.24
3.16
7.18
28.35
16.13
1987
1.46
0.54
1.05
1.55
2.41
114.64
2.97
5.86
22.43
20.93
1988
1.68
0.48
1.06
1.76
2.18
131.77
2.64
5.88
25.46
18.88
1989
1.51
0.45
1.18
1.38
1.24
118.53
2.47
6.55
19.94
10.77
1990
2.73
0.76
1.97
2.09
2.03
214.32
4.15
10.98
30.30
17.57
1991
2.55
0.85
1.92
1.79
1.48
200.23
4.65
10.66
25.97
12.86
1992
3.73
1.24
2.64
2.66
1.59
293.31
6.80
14.67
38.52
13.77
1993
5.18
1.94
3.41
3.57
2.11
407.18
10.64
18.94
51.79
18.25
1994
4.49
1.65
2.18
2.47
2.11
352.84
9.03
12.12
35.83
18.26
1995
2.72
0.88
1.34
1.96
2.42
213.75
4.84
7.46
28.47
20.99
1996
3.08
1.91
2.12
3.35
3.26
241.75
10.50
11.81
48.58
28.29
1997
3.74
3.57
3.49
5.20
3.70
293.47
19.60
19.39
75.34
32.10
1998
4.73
4.83
3.90
5.93
4.04
371.26
26.53
21.68
85.92
35.06
1999
3.44
3.44
2.99
2.72
2.61
269.92
18.91
16.64
39.45
22.60
2000
5.10
3.96
3.98
3.21
1.75
400.74
21.71
22.15
46.45
15.14
2001
4.23
3.52
3.25
2.79
1.70
331.98
19.31
18.08
40.37
14.76
2002
1.20
1.32
1.05
1.07
0.56
94.26
7.25
5.85
15.48
4.82
2003
1.94
2.57
1.94
1.78
0.86
152.18
14.11
10.80
25.82
7.49
2004
5.59
7.51
5.65
4.67
2.15
439.02
41.23
31.44
67.73
18.66
2005
2006
5.16
8.56
6.15
4.84
2.40
405.65
47.00
34.20
70.16
20.83
5.81
9.68
8.16
6.21
3.22
456.38
53.14
45.36
90.05
27.89
2007
3.95
7.34
6.87
4.63
2.61
310.07
40.27
38.18
67.04
22.62
2008
5.05
8.08
8.74
4.33
2.49
396.46
44.35
48.59
62.77
21.58
2009
4.09
5.82
6.54
3.20
1.11
321.23
31.95
36.39
46.36
9.60
2010
5.01
6.43
3.00
1.68
1.63
393.63
35.30
16.70
24.30
14.15
2011
2.97
3.80
3.42
1.78
1.30
233.35
20.86
18.99
25.84
11.28
Total
Vehicle
Number
(KGM)
7857
549
556
1449
867
232
7857
549
556
1449
867
Table 82 Cont’d.:
Model
years
Medium
Commercial
Automobile
Vehicle
Otobüs
Truct
Truck,
Trailer,
Wrecker,
SemiTrailer
Medium
Commercial
Automobile
Vehicle
Otobüs
Truct
Truck,
Trailer,
Wrecker,
Semi-Trailer
1981
3.05
2.12
2.11
20.08
20.08
0.42
0.03
0.03
1.40
2.11
1982
3.00
2.12
2.11
17.73
17.73
0.03
0.001
0.002
0.14
0.11
1983
3.00
2.14
2.12
17.01
17.01
0.04
0.002
0.005
0.14
0.10
1984
3.35
2.20
2.15
17.91
17.91
0.06
0.002
0.005
0.16
0.14
1985
2.95
2.64
2.37
16.51
16.51
0.07
0.003
0.005
0.16
0.10
1986
3.05
2.66
2.38
16.51
16.51
0.09
0.003
0.01
0.16
0.09
1987
2.95
2.66
2.38
16.17
16.17
0.11
0.003
0.005
0.12
0.11
1988
2.20
2.30
2.00
15.81
15.81
0.10
0.002
0.004
0.13
0.10
1989
2.15
2.26
1.98
15.81
15.81
0.09
0.002
0.004
0.11
0.06
1990
2.00
2.12
1.86
9.44
9.44
0.14
0.003
0.01
0.10
0.06
1991
2.65
2.10
1.85
7.83
7.83
0.18
0.003
0.01
0.07
0.03
1992
2.60
2.08
1.84
7.83
7.83
0.26
0.005
0.01
0.10
0.04
1993
2.55
2.06
1.83
7.83
7.83
0.35
0.01
0.01
0.14
0.05
1994
2.45
2.00
1.80
7.83
7.83
0.29
0.01
0.01
0.09
0.05
1995
2.30
1.94
1.77
7.82
7.82
0.16
0.00
0.004
0.07
0.06
1996
2.25
1.90
1.75
7.82
7.82
0.18
0.01
0.01
0.13
0.07
1997
2.15
1.88
1.74
7.82
7.82
0.21
0.01
0.01
0.20
0.08
1998
2.05
1.76
1.63
6.21
6.21
0.26
0.02
0.01
0.18
0.07
1999
1.95
1.74
1.62
6.21
6.21
0.18
0.01
0.01
0.08
0.05
2000
1.85
1.70
1.60
6.20
6.20
0.25
0.01
0.01
0.10
0.03
2001
1.80
1.68
1.59
6.20
6.20
0.20
0.01
0.01
0.08
0.03
2002
1.65
1.64
1.57
6.19
6.19
0.05
0.004
0.003
0.03
0.01
2003
1.55
1.52
1.46
6.19
6.19
0.08
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.02
2004
1.45
1.48
1.44
6.19
6.19
0.21
0.02
0.02
0.14
0.04
2005
2006
1.30
1.44
1.42
6.18
6.18
0.18
0.02
0.02
0.15
0.04
1.15
1.30
1.30
6.18
6.18
0.18
0.02
0.02
0.19
0.06
2007
1.05
1.26
1.28
6.17
6.17
0.11
0.02
0.02
0.14
0.05
2008
0.90
1.12
1.16
6.17
6.17
0.12
0.02
0.02
0.13
0.04
2009
0.80
1.10
1.15
6.16
6.16
0.09
0.01
0.01
0.10
0.02
2010
0.70
0.98
1.04
6.15
6.15
0.09
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.03
2011
0.60
0.96
1.03
6.15
6.15
0.05
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.02
Total Mass
Flow
Values
kg/sa
Road Lenght (m)
12950
Total Mass
Flow Value
g/sn
233
4.82
0.28
0.29
3.93
4.87
3.87
3. Mass Flow Value (YolSE)
Table 83. YolSE Mass Flow Value Calculation
(TUIK)
Model
years
Medium
Commercial
Automobile
Vehicle
Otobüs
Truct
Truck,
Medium
Trailer,
Commercial
Wrecker,
Automobile
Vehicle
Semi-Trailer
Otobüs
Truct
Truck,
Trailer,
Wrecker,
Semi-Trailer
1981
5.20
6.61
6.56
14.32
36.07
952.14
57.51
71.58
421.35
687.79
1982
0.43
0.27
0.62
1.59
2.13
78.16
2.37
6.75
46.91
40.68
1983
0.54
0.39
1.23
1.70
2.09
98.06
3.42
13.45
50.10
39.88
1984
0.71
0.47
1.17
1.78
2.75
129.42
4.08
12.76
52.46
52.36
1985
0.88
0.56
1.11
2.01
2.15
160.16
4.90
12.13
59.14
40.91
1986
1.15
0.58
1.29
1.96
1.86
210.15
5.01
14.08
57.55
35.48
1987
1.46
0.54
1.05
1.55
2.41
266.97
4.70
11.51
45.54
46.03
1988
1.68
0.48
1.06
1.76
2.18
306.88
4.18
11.54
51.70
41.53
1989
1.51
0.45
1.18
1.38
1.24
276.04
3.91
12.86
40.48
23.68
1990
2.73
0.76
1.97
2.09
2.03
499.14
6.58
21.54
61.52
38.64
1991
2.55
0.85
1.92
1.79
1.48
466.30
7.37
20.91
52.72
28.28
1992
3.73
1.24
2.64
2.66
1.59
683.07
10.78
28.79
78.22
30.28
1993
5.18
1.94
3.41
3.57
2.11
948.28
16.87
37.16
105.16
40.15
1994
4.49
1.65
2.18
2.47
2.11
821.73
14.32
23.78
72.75
40.17
1995
2.72
0.88
1.34
1.96
2.42
497.79
7.68
14.63
57.80
46.16
1996
3.08
1.91
2.12
3.35
3.26
563.00
16.64
23.17
98.63
62.22
1997
3.74
3.57
3.49
5.20
3.70
683.46
31.06
38.05
152.98
70.60
1998
4.73
4.83
3.90
5.93
4.04
864.61
42.04
42.55
174.46
77.11
1999
3.44
3.44
2.99
2.72
2.61
628.61
29.96
32.66
80.10
49.72
2000
5.10
3.96
3.98
3.21
1.75
933.27
34.41
43.47
94.32
33.31
2001
4.23
3.52
3.25
2.79
1.70
773.15
30.60
35.48
81.96
32.47
2002
1.20
1.32
1.05
1.07
0.56
219.52
11.49
11.47
31.43
10.60
2003
1.94
2.57
1.94
1.78
0.86
354.41
22.36
21.19
52.42
16.46
2004
5.59
7.51
5.65
4.67
2.15
1022.41
65.33
61.68
137.52
41.04
2005
2006
5.16
8.56
6.15
4.84
2.40
944.71
74.48
67.10
142.46
45.83
5.81
9.68
8.16
6.21
3.22
1062.86
84.22
89.01
182.83
61.35
2007
3.95
7.34
6.87
4.63
2.61
722.11
63.82
74.91
136.12
49.76
2008
5.05
8.08
8.74
4.33
2.49
923.31
70.29
95.35
127.45
47.46
2009
4.09
5.82
6.54
3.20
1.11
748.11
50.62
71.40
94.13
21.12
2010
5.01
6.43
3.00
1.68
1.63
916.71
55.94
32.78
49.34
31.12
2011
2.97
3.80
3.42
1.78
1.30
543.45
33.06
37.26
52.46
24.81
Total
Vehicle
Number
(KGM)
18298
870
1091
2942
1907
234
18298
870
1091
2942
1907
Table 83 Cont’d:
Model
years
Medium
Commercial
Automobile
Vehicle
Otobüs
Truct
Truck,
Trailer,
Wrecker,
SemiTrailer
Medium
Commercial
Automobile
Vehicle
Otobüs
Truct
Truck,
Trailer,
Wrecker,
Semi-Trailer
1981
3.05
2.12
2.11
20.08
20.08
0.17
0.01
0.01
0.50
0.82
1982
3.00
2.12
2.11
17.73
17.73
0.01
0.0003
0.001
0.05
0.04
1983
3.00
2.14
2.12
17.01
17.01
0.02
0.0004
0.002
0.05
0.04
1984
3.35
2.20
2.15
17.91
17.91
0.03
0.001
0.002
0.06
0.06
1985
2.95
2.64
2.37
16.51
16.51
0.03
0.001
0.002
0.06
0.04
1986
3.05
2.66
2.38
16.51
16.51
0.04
0.001
0.002
0.06
0.03
1987
2.95
2.66
2.38
16.17
16.17
0.05
0.001
0.002
0.04
0.04
1988
2.20
2.30
2.00
15.81
15.81
0.04
0.001
0.001
0.05
0.04
1989
2.15
2.26
1.98
15.81
15.81
0.04
0.001
0.002
0.04
0.02
1990
2.00
2.12
1.86
9.44
9.44
0.06
0.001
0.002
0.03
0.02
1991
2.65
2.10
1.85
7.83
7.83
0.07
0.001
0.002
0.02
0.01
1992
2.60
2.08
1.84
7.83
7.83
0.11
0.001
0.003
0.04
0.01
1993
2.55
2.06
1.83
7.83
7.83
0.14
0.002
0.004
0.05
0.02
1994
2.45
2.00
1.80
7.83
7.83
0.12
0.002
0.003
0.03
0.02
1995
2.30
1.94
1.77
7.82
7.82
0.07
0.001
0.002
0.03
0.02
1996
2.25
1.90
1.75
7.82
7.82
0.08
0.002
0.002
0.05
0.03
1997
2.15
1.88
1.74
7.82
7.82
0.09
0.003
0.004
0.07
0.03
1998
2.05
1.76
1.63
6.21
6.21
0.11
0.004
0.004
0.06
0.03
1999
1.95
1.74
1.62
6.21
6.21
0.07
0.003
0.003
0.03
0.02
2000
1.85
1.70
1.60
6.20
6.20
0.10
0.003
0.004
0.03
0.01
2001
1.80
1.68
1.59
6.20
6.20
0.08
0.003
0.003
0.03
0.01
2002
1.65
1.64
1.57
6.19
6.19
0.02
0.001
0.001
0.01
0.004
2003
1.55
1.52
1.46
6.19
6.19
0.03
0.002
0.002
0.02
0.01
2004
1.45
1.48
1.44
6.19
6.19
0.09
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.02
2005
2006
1.30
1.44
1.42
6.18
6.18
0.07
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.02
1.15
1.30
1.30
6.18
6.18
0.07
0.01
0.01
0.07
0.02
2007
1.05
1.26
1.28
6.17
6.17
0.05
0.005
0.01
0.05
0.02
2008
0.90
1.12
1.16
6.17
6.17
0.05
0.005
0.01
0.05
0.02
2009
0.80
1.10
1.15
6.16
6.16
0.04
0.003
0.005
0.03
0.01
2010
0.70
0.98
1.04
6.15
6.15
0.04
0.003
0.002
0.02
0.01
2011
0.60
0.96
1.03
6.15
6.15
0.02
0.002
0.002
0.02
0.01
Total Mass
Flow
Values
kg/sa
Road Lenght (m)
2305
Total Mass
Flow Value
g/sn
235
2.00
0.08
0.10
1.52
1.76
1.52
4.Alternative Senerio (For Alternative – 2
NGCCPP) Worst Case Modelling)
:
(Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale
Worst case is the virtual case that wind speed is 0.1 m/sn and mixing height is accepted as
effective stact height. Worst case modelling was done with all emmission source data in
Alternative-2 showing cumulative effects.
5. The results of air quality distribution modeling
To determine the level of NOx pollution in the ESER NGCCPP project area and in its
environment which is the subject of the project, an area of 11 km x 11 km in the surrounding of
activity area has been chosen by Çınar Environmental Measurement and Analysis Lab as project
impact area. Passive sampling has been carried out on 10 points in the impact area in question to
determine the current situation.
Sampling results are taken and provided in below Table 46. Result of analysis is given in the
appendix (See Appendix-16). In looking air quality sampling results, the highest NO2 concentration
is found in the point nearby Yahşihan Municipality with the value of 21,87 µg/m3 .
Table 46. The results of air quality sampling (µg/m3)
1. Period
Order
Point Name
No
NO2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Nearby
Project Area
Nearby
Project
Area-Field
House
Mass
Housing
Project Area
Hacıbalı
Village
Yahşihan
Municipality
Kılıçlar
Municipality
Irmak
Municipality
Urban
Developmen
t Area
Irmak
Municipality
2. Period
NO2
NOx
NO
3. Period
NO2
NOx
NOx
NO
9,23
*
*
8,94
11,81
2,87
6,88
7,45
11,47
4,01
8,37
11,64
3,27
15,11
12,96
< LOD
13,90
15,97
15,42
17,28
1,86
14,70
21,87
25,88
4,01
6,88
17,00
9,23
AVERAGE
NOx
NO
NO
NO2
12,10
5,22
8,35
11,96
4,05
5,10
10,49
5,39
6,97
11,20
4,22
2,06
10,00
12,87
2,87
13,00
13,93
2,47
20,07
5,36
9,32
13,50
4,19
13,15
16,95
3,80
14,85
13,67
< LOD
11,58
11,35 < LOD
16,10
16,97
4,01
10,12
8,80
11,06
2,26
6,25
7,77
1,52
7,31
11,94
4,63
14,45
5,22
11,01
15,19
4,19
8,63
13,62
4,99
9,62
14,42
4,80
12,13
15,16
3,04
11,38
15,59
4,21
7,68
15,51
7,83
10,40
15,42
5,03
9
Kırıkkale
OSB
12,33
13,79
1,46
4,79
5,82
1,03
6,28
10,43
4,16
7,80
10,01
2,22
10
South of
Project Area
7,17
12,64
5,47
7,37
12,13
4,76
4,84
13,33
8,48
6,46
12,70
6,24
Note: * Tube lost
236
During evaluation of the results of air quality distribution modeling below, both
concentration value obtained by modeling and the current pollution load of activity area and its
surroundings have been evaluated jointly and as a result the total pollution value has been
determined and compared with the IAPCR limit value.
NOx Distribution modeling
1. Alternative Scenario (Only Eser NGCPP):
According to the 1st scenario, for the atmospheric distributions of NO2 emissions to be
resulted from the plant an evaluation has been made and presented in the table 84 below. As seen
in the table, mean annual highest value has been found as 11,10 µg/m3 and total pollution value(It
will be determined from the total long term value(UVD) found by measurement of air pollution
contribution value(HKKD) calculated within impact area of the plant and constituted for the plants
to be established new. TKD= HKKD+UVD) has been found as 19.45 µg/m3. The values are nearly
32.4 % of the long term limit value of 60 µg/m3 for 2013 contained in the IAPCR and well below the
limit value.
Besides, short term value has been found as 19,15 µg/m3 (maximal daily mean values or,when all measurement results are arranged in a row according to the size of their numerical value
statistically,- their value equal to 95% of measurement results, maximal monthly mean values not
to be exceeded in a different way for the dust precipitated) and total pollution value as 27,50 µg/m3
. The value is nearly 9.2 % level of the short term limit value of 300 µg/m3 contained in the IAPCR
and is well below the limit value.
According to the 1st scenario, the distributions of NO2 emissions to be resulted from the
plant are shown in the Figure 90, Figure 91, Figure 92 and Figure 93 below.
237
Table 84. Air quality distribution modeling results (NO2) – Alternative Scenario 1 (Only Eser NGCPP)
Settlement area
Hacıbalı Village
Irmak Municipality
Irmak MunicipalityUrban development
area
(South-southwest of the
Irmak))
area
(Southwest of the
Irmak)
area
(Northeast of the Irmak)
Mass housing Project
area
Field house
Modeling outputs
x
y
z
24 hours maximum
24 hours (%95)
Yearly
24 hours maximum
Yearly
24 hours maximum
Yearly
534000
528500
533500
4417500
4412500
4416000
894
853
855
Its distance to
the project
area
1100
8150
2130
537268
4419321
708
2000
533288
4420664
702
3000
530873
4418253
707
4100
Concentration
(µg/m3)
UVD (µg/m3)
(1)
TKD (µg/m3) (2)
113.47
19.15
11.1
2.04
0.33
1.78
0.12
8.35
8.35
8.35
13.15
13.15
10.40
10.40
121.82
27.50
19.45
15.19
13.48
12.18
10.52
IAPCR Limit
Value
(µg/m3) (3)
300
60
60
60
1.43
9.62
11.05
-
0.11
9.62
9.73
60
1.02
10.40
11.42
-
0.11
10.40
10.51
60
0.89
10.40
11.29
-
0.14
10.40
10.54
60
4.51
0.49
3.87
0.73
1.1
0.23
1.63
0.08
0.37
0.04
13.00
13.00
6.97
6.97
7.31
7.31
16.10
16.10
16.10
16.10
17.51
13.49
10.84
7.70
8.41
7.54
17.73
16.18
16.47
16.14
60
60
60
60
60
24 hours maximum
Yearly
24 hours maximum
532253
4419045
772
3000
Yearly
24 hours maximum
534268
4421987
720
4000
Yearly
24 hours maximum
536366
4419557
688
1800
Yearly
24 hours maximum
534987
4418091
692
200
Yearly
24 hours maximum
530614
4415312
729
5000
Yearly
24 hours maximum
538946
4413223
762
6000
Yearly
Kırıkkale
24 hours maximum
541693
4411996
758
8000
Yearly
(1) Arithmetical mean value of all measurement results made
(2) It will be determined from the total long term value(UVD) found by measurement of air pollution contribution value(HKKD)
be established new. TKD= HKKD+UVD)
(3) Year 2013 limit values contained in IAPCR, Annex-2, Table 2.2
238
calculated within impact area of the plant and constituted for the plants to
Project
Area
Project Impact
Area
Figure 90. On the land use map: 1st alternative (Only Eser NGCPP) for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2)
239
Irmak Municipality
Hacıbalı Village
Kılıçlar
Municipality
Yahşihan County
Figure 91. On the topographic map: 1st alternative (Only Eser NGCPP) for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2)
240
Project
Area
Project Impact
Area
Figure 92. On the land use map: 1st alternative (Only Eser NGCPP) yearly highest concentrations (NO2)
241
Irmak Municipality
Hacıbalı Village
Kılıçlar
Municipality
Yahşihan County
Figure 93. On the topographic map: 1st alternative (Only Eser NGCPP) yearly highest concentrations (NO2)
242
2. Alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP):
According to the 2nd scenario, for the atmospheric distributions of NO2 emissions to
be resulted from the plant an evaluation has been made and presented in the table 85 below.
As seen in the table, mean annual highest value has been found as 11,19 µg/m3 and total
pollution value has been found as 19.54 µg/m3. The values are nearly 32.6 % of the long
term limit value of 60 µg/m3 for 2013 contained in the IAPCR and well below the limit value.
Besides, short term value has been found as 19,38 µg/m3 and total pollution value as
27,73 µg/m3 . The value is nearly 9.2 % level of the short term limit value of 300 µg/m3
contained in the IAPCR and is well below the limit value. According to the 2nd scenario, the
distributions of NO2 emissions to be resulted from the plant are shown in the Figure 94,
Figure 95, Figure 96 and Figure 97 below.
243
Table 85. Air quality distribution modeling results (NO2) – Alternative Scenario 2 (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP)
Settlement area
Modeling outputs
x
y
z
-
24 hours maximum
24 hours (95%)
Yearly
534000
533000
533500
4417500
4416000
4416000
894
923
855
Its distance
to project
area
1100
2520
2130
537268
4419321
708
2000
533288
4420664
702
3000
530873
4418253
707
4100
Hacıbalı Village
Irmak Municipality
development area
(South-southwest of Irmak)
development area
development area
Mass housing Project area
24 hours maximum
Yearly
24 hours maximum
Yearly
24 hours maximum
Yearly
24 hours maximum
Yearly
532253
4419045
772
3000
24 hours maximum
Yearly
534268
4421987
720
4000
Concentration
(µg/m3)
UVD (µg/m3)
(1)
TKD (µg/m3) IAPCR Limit Value
(2)
(µg/m3) (3)
113.63
19.38
11.19
2.05
0.5
1.36
0.24
8.35
8.35
8.35
13.15
13.15
10.40
10.40
121.98
27.73
19.54
15.20
13.65
11.76
10.64
300
60
60
60
1.62
9.62
11.24
-
0.21
1.18
9.62
10.40
9.83
11.58
60
-
0.23
10.40
10.63
60
1.13
10.40
11.53
-
0.26
10.40
10.66
60
24 hours maximum
4.52
13.00
17.52
688
536366
4419557
1800
Yearly
0.66
13.00
13.66
60
Field house
24 hours maximum
3.91
6.97
10.88
534987
4418091
692
200
Yearly
0.86
6.97
7.83
60
24 hours maximum
2.00
7.31
9.31
530614
4415312
729
5000
Yearly
0.33
7.31
7.64
60
24 hours maximum
1.65
16.10
17.75
538946
4413223
762
6000
Yearly
0.14
16.10
16.24
60
Kırıkkale
24 hours maximum
0.49
16.10
16.59
541693
4411996
758
8000
Yearly
0.08
16.10
16.18
60
(2) It will be determined from the total long term value(UVD) found by measurement of air pollution contribution value(HKKD) calculated within impact area of the plant and constituted for the plants to be
established new. TKD= HKKD+UVD)
244
Project
Area
Project
Area
Impact
Figure 94. On the land use map: 2nd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP) for 24 hours, 1st highest
concentrations (NO2)
245
Irmak Municipality
Hacıbalı Village
Kılıçlar
Municipality
Yahşihan County
Figure 95. On the topographic map: 2nd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP) for 24 hours, 1st highest
246
Project
Area
Project
Area
Impact
Figure 96. On the land use map: 2nd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP) yearly highest
247
Irmak Municipality
Hacıbalı Village
Kılıçlar
Municipality
Yahşihan County
Figure 97. On the topographic map: 2nd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP) yearly highest
Hourly concentrations obtained from air modeling of NOx emissions that will occur during
operation of the project were evaluated with the Regulation on Air Quality Evaluation
Management which was published in the Official Gazette dated 06.06.2008 and numbered
26898 and provided in the below table.
It is observed in the modelling studies that NOx concentrations obtained in settlement
areas remain below limit values specified in Regulation on Air Quality Evaluation
Management. During operation of the project activity, NOx concentrations in settlement
areas located in the impact area shall be complied with relevant provisions of Regulation on
Air Quality Evaluation Management and provisions in Article 6 of Regulation on Industrial Air
Pollution Control
248
Table 86. Air quality distribution modeling results (NO2) – Alternative Scenario 2 (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP
and Kırıkkale NGCCPP)- Maximum Hourly Values in settlement areas
Settlement area
Its distance
to project
area, m
x
y
z
Concentration
(µg/m3)
UVD (µg/m3)
(1)
TKD
(µg/m3)
(2)
26.33
27.72
24.05
25.23
28.56
20.83
21.38
20.24
20.11
20.96
19.36
18.79
18.86
20.51
20.25
21.06
19.87
19.29
21.07
21.43
22.03
21.98
23.11
21.45
20.86
28.53
29.71
28.01
27.76
26.76
31.47
25.37
23.23
31.50
29.28
22.56
24.68
23.75
45.51
27.72
22.69
23.58
23.15
22.70
23.82
22.12
22.87
22.23
20.32
21.80
IAPCR Limit
Value
(µg/m3) (3)
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
537268 4419321 708
13.18
13.15
537000 4419000 685
14.57
13.15
2000
537000 4419500 679
10.9
13.15
537500 4419500 713
12.08
13.15
537500 4419000 740
15.41
13.15
Irmak Municipality
533288 4420664 702
10.43
10.40
533000 4420500 725
10.98
10.40
3000
533000 4421000 725
9.84
10.40
533500 4421000 714
9.71
10.40
533500 4420500 682
10.56
10.40
Irmak Municipality530873 4418253 707
9.74
9.62
Urban development
530500 4418500 866
9.17
9.62
area
4100
531000 4418500 700
9.24
9.62
(South-southwest of
531000 4418000 729
10.89
9.62
Irmak)
530500 4418000 704
10.63
9.62
10.66
10.40
Urban development
531500 4419000 724
9.47
10.40
area
3000
531500 4419500 701
8.89
10.40
532500 4419500 704
10.67
10.40
532500 4419000 764
11.03
10.40
11.63
10.40
Urban development
534500 4422500 726
11.58
10.40
area
4000
534500 4421500 677
12.71
10.40
534000 4421500 694
11.05
10.40
534000 4422500 782
10.46
10.40
Mass housing Project
536366 4419557 688
15.53
13.00
area
536000 4419500 721
16.71
13.00
1800
536000 4420000 682
15.01
13.00
536500 4420000 666
14.76
13.00
536500 4419500 673
13.76
13.00
Field house
534987 4418091 692
24.5
6.97
534500 4418000 758
18.4
6.97
200
534500 4418500 757
16.26
6.97
535500 4418500 689
24.53
6.97
535500 4418000 663
22.31
6.97
530614 4415312 729
15.25
7.31
530500 4414500 736
17.37
7.31
5000
530500 4415500 726
16.44
7.31
531000 4415500 810
38.2
7.31
531000 4414500 797
20.41
7.31
538946 4413223 762
6.59
16.10
538500 4413500 766
7.48
16.10
6000
539500 4413500 778
7.05
16.10
539500 4411000 706
6.6
16.10
538500 4411000 687
7.72
16.10
Kırıkkale
541693 4411996 758
6.02
16.10
541500 4413000 799
6.77
16.10
8000
543000 4413000 835
6.13
16.10
543000 4410000 710
4.22
16.10
541500 4410000 745
5.7
16.10
(2) It will be determined from the total long term value (UVD) found by measurement of air pollution contribution value(HKKD)
calculated within impact area of the plant and constituted for the plants to be established new. TKD= HKKD+UVD)
Hacıbalı Village
249
3. Alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and Roads):
According to the 3rd alternative scenario, for the atmospheric distributions of NO2
emissions to be resulted from the plant an evaluation has been made and presented in the
table 87 below. Yearly highest value and total pollution value (TKD) is found as shown in
below table.
2. Alternative Scenario
(Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP)
Only Roads
(Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and
roads)
Conc.
(µg/m3)
TKD
(µg/m3)
Location
11.19
19.54
(c)x:533500, y: 4416000, z:855, m:2130
68.73
77.08
(f)x:534500, y:4421000 z:694, m:3000
69.06
77.41
(f)x:534500, y:4421000 z:694, m:3000
Short Term Value and Total Pollution Value (TKD) is found as shown below:
(Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP)
Only Roads
(Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and
roads)
Conc.
(µg/m3)
TKD
(µg/m3)
Location
19.38
27.73
(b)x:533000, y:4416000, z:918 , m:2500
75.02
83.37
(e)x:533000, y:4420000, z:687 , m:2860
75.69
84.04
(g)x:532000, y:4419500, z:695 , m:3400
In the evaluation of modeling studies it is observed that NOx concentrations arising from
traffic is on the route. NOx concentrations arising from Eser NGCCPP and Kirikkale
NGCCPP is densifying independently at different points on the route.
As it can be seen from NOx concentrations arrising only from traffic and cumulative
evaluation results, obtained concentration values are occuring in points and in concentration
levels close to each other.
Therefore, modeling results showed that the distributions of NOx emissions from traffic
have a negligible effect on the distribution of NOx concentration originating from facility.
250
Table 87. Air quality distribution modeling results (NO2) – Alternative Scenario 2 (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and Roads)
(Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and
Kırıkkale NGCCPP)
Settlement area
Modelling Output
24 hours maximum
-
24 hours (%95)
Yearly
Hacıbalı Village
Irmak Municipality
development area (Southsouthwest of Irmak)
development area
development area
24 hours maximum
Yearly
24 hours maximum
Yearly
24 hours maximum
Yearly
Its distance
to project
area, m
(a)x:534000, y:4417500, z:894, m:1100
(b)x:533000, y:4416000, z:918, m:2500
(c)x:533500, y: 4416000, z:855, m:2130
(d)x:540000, y:4413000, z:764, m:6150
(e)x:533000, y:4420000, z:687, m:2860
(f)x:534500, y:4421000 z:694, m:3000
(g)x:532000, y:4419500, z:695 , m:3400
x
y
4419321 708
2000
533288
4420664 702
3000
530873
4418253 707
4100
UVD
(µg/m3)
(1)
TKD
(µg/m3)
(2)
Conc.
(µg/m3)
UVD
(µg/m3)
(1)
TKD
(µg/m3)
(2)
113.63 (a)
8.35
121.98
214.17
(d)
8.35
222.52
214.45
8.35
222.80
-
19.38 (b)
8.35
27.73
75.02 (e)
8.35
83.37
75.69 (g)
8.35
84.04
300
11.19 (c)
8.35
19.54
68.73 (f)
8.35
77.08
69.06
8.35
77.41
60
2.05
0.50
1.36
0.24
1.62
13.15
13.15
10.40
10.40
9.62
15.20
13.65
11.76
10.64
11.24
49.65
10.60
42.94
10.05
35.57
13.15
13.15
10.40
10.40
9.62
62.80
23.75
53.34
20.45
45.19
50.25
11.1
44.3
10.28
36.09
13.15
13.15
10.40
10.40
9.62
63.40
24.25
54.70
20.68
45.71
60
60
-
24 hours maximum
Yearly
532253
4419045 772
3000
24 hours maximum
Yearly
534268
4421987 720
(Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP,
Kırıkkale NGCCPP and
IAPCR
Roads)
Limit Value
(µg/m3) (3)
UVD
TKD
Conc.
(µg/m3) (µg/m3)
(µg/m3)
(1)
(2)
Conc.
(µg/m3)
z
537268
Only Roads
4000
0.21
9.62
9.83
7.92
9.62
17.54
8.13
9.62
17.75
60
1.18
10.40
11.58
3.48
10.40
13.88
4.47
10.40
14.87
-
0.23
10.40
10.63
1.00
10.40
11.40
1.23
10.40
11.63
60
1.13
10.40
11.53
19.91
10.40
30.31
21.04
10.40
31.44
-
0.26
10.40
10.66
2.17
10.40
12.57
2.43
10.40
12.83
60
24 hours maximum
4.52
13.00
17.52
24.88
13.00
37.88
25.82
13.00
38.82
536366 4419557 688
1800
Yearly
0.66
13.00
13.66
8.39
13.00
21.39
9.05
13.00
22.05
60
24 hours maximum
3.91
6.97
10.88
13.99
6.97
20.96
14.47
6.97
21.44
Field house
534987 4418091 692
200
Yearly
0.86
6.97
7.83
4.04
6.97
11.01
4.9
6.97
11.87
60
24 hours maximum
2.00
7.31
9.31
5.14
7.31
12.45
6.1
7.31
13.41
530614 4415312 729
5000
Yearly
0.33
7.31
7.64
1.47
7.31
8.78
1.8
7.31
9.11
60
24 hours maximum
1.65
16.10
17.75
14.40
16.10
30.50
14.58
16.10
30.68
538946 4413223 762
6000
Yearly
0.14
16.10
16.24
3.86
16.10
19.96
3.99
16.10
20.09
60
24 hours maximum
0.49
16.10
16.59
8.64
16.10
24.74
8.77
16.10
24.87
Kırıkkale
541693 4411996 758
8000
Yearly
0.08
16.10
16.18
1.51
16.10
17.61
1.59
16.10
17.69
60
(2) It will be determined from the total long term value (UVD) found by measurement of air pollution contribution value(HKKD) calculated within impact area of the plant and constituted for the plants to be established
new. TKD= HKKD+UVD)
251
ESER NATURAL GAS
ENVİRONMENTAL
Project
Area
Project
Area
Impact
Figure 98. On the land use map: 3rd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and Roads) for 24 hours, 1st
highest concentrations (NO2)
252
ESER NATURAL G
ENVIRONMENT
Irmak Municipality
Hacıbalı Village
Kılıçlar
Municipality
Yahşihan County
Figure 99. On the topographic map: 3rd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and roads) for 24 hours, 1st
highest concentrations (NO2)
253
ESER NATURAL G
ENVIRONMENT
Project
Area
Project
Area
Impact
Figure 100. On the land use map: 3rd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and roads) yearly highest
254
ESER NATURAL G
ENVIRONMENT
Irmak Municipality
Hacıbalı Village
Kılıçlar
Municipality
Yahşihan County
Figure 101. On the topographic map: 3rd alternative (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP, Kırıkkale NGCCPP and Roads) yearly highest
255
ESER NATURAL G
ENVIRONMENT
Project
Area
Project
Area
Impact
Figure 102. On the land use map: Only Originating From Traffic for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2)
256
ESER NATURAL G
ENVIRONMENT
Irmak Municipality
Hacıbalı Village
Kılıçlar
Municipality
Yahşihan County
Figure 103. On the topographic map: Only Originating From Traffic for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (NO2)
257
ESER NATURAL G
ENVIRONMENT
Project
Area
Project
Area
Impact
Figure 104. On the land use map: Only Originating From Traffic yearly highest concentrations (NO2)
258
ESER NATURAL G
ENVIRONMENT
Irmak Municipality
Hacıbalı Village
Kılıçlar
Municipality
Yahşihan County
Figure 105. On the topographic map: Only Originating From Traffic yearly highest concentrations (NO2)
259
ESER NATURAL G
ENVIRONMENT
4. Alternative Scenario (For Alternative– 2 (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and
Kırıkkale NGCCPP) Worst Case Modelling):
According to 2. Alternative Scenario data and the worst meteorological case modelling,
atmospheric distribution of NO2 emissions originating from facility is evaluated in below
table. Since assumed worst meteorological conditions will only occur in short term (24hours), Short Term (24-hours) Estimation Results are provided in the below table.
Short Term Value is found as 19.37 µg/m3 and Total Pollutant Value is found as 27,69
µg/m3. This value is approximately 9.23% of the Short Term Limit Value 300 µg/m3 and
value is well below limit value specified in IAPCR.
260
Table 88. Air Quality Distribution Modeling Results (NO2 )– Alternative Scenario 2 and Worst Case Modelling
Settlement Area
Modelling Output
24 hours maximum
Conc.
(µg/m3)
x
y
z
Its distance to
project area
112.24
534000
4417500
894
1.100
-
UVD (µg/m3)
(1)
TKD (µg/m3)
(2)
IAPCR Limit Value
(µg/m3) (3)
120.59
-
27.69
300
8.35
24 hours (%95)
19.34
532500
4415000
1001
3.500
Hacıbalı Village
24 hours maximum
2.05
537268
4419321
708
2.000
13.15
15.20
60
Irmak Municipality
24 hours maximum
1.36
533288
4420664
702
3.000
10.40
11.76
60
Irmak Municipality-Urban development
area (South-southwest of Irmak)
24 hours maximum
1.62
530873
4418253
707
4.100
9.62
11.24
60
area (southwest of Irmak)
24 hours maximum
1.18
532253
4419045
772
3.000
10.40
11.58
60
area (Northeast of Irmak)
24 hours maximum
1.13
534268
4421987
720
4.000
10.40
11.53
60
24 hours maximum
4.52
536366
4419557
688
1.800
13.00
17.52
60
Field house
24 hours maximum
3.91
534987
4418091
692
200
6.97
10.88
60
24 hours maximum
2.00
530614
4415312
729
5.000
7.31
9.31
60
24 hours maximum
1.65
538946
4413223
762
6.000
16.10
17.75
60
Kırıkkale
24 hours maximum
0.49
541693
4411996
758
8.000
16.10
16.59
60
(2) It will be determined from the total long term value (UVD) found by measurement of air pollution contribution value (HKKD) calculated within impact area of the plant and constituted for the plants
to be established new. TKD= HKKD+UVD)
261
Project
Area
Project
Area
Impact
Figure106. On the Land Use Map: Originating From Alternative Scenario 2 and Worst Case Modelling 24 Hours 1st Highest
Concentrations (NO2)
262
Irmak Municipality
Hacıbalı Village
Kılıçlar
Municipality
Yahşihan County
Figure 107. On the Topographic map: Originating From Alternative Scenario 2 and Worst Case Modelling 24 hours, 1st Highest
Concentrations (NO2)
263
CO Distribution modeling
Within the project executed CO emissions modeling is the cumulative assessment and
distribution modeling of CO emissions resulting from ESER combined natural gas cycle
power plant (all emission sources included) and flue gas emissions resulting from Kırıkkale
combined natural gas cycle power plant of GAP Petrol Gaz Ith. Ve Ihr. Pzr. San. ve Tic. AŞ
located at a distance of ca. 6.5 km in the northeast of the plant.
The modeling in question has been formed for most poor conditions. It has been
deemed that emissions were distributed in the atmosphere under following conditions:
Emissions resulted from the plant are on maximal level
Pollutants without being subjected to humid or dry sedimentation
Pollutants without being subjected to any chemical reaction in the atmosphere
(Without being any decrease in the pollutant concentrations).
For the distributions of CO emissions to be resulted from the plant an evaluation has
been made and presented in the table 89 below. As seen in the table, mean annual highest
value has been found as 0,022 mg/m3. The value is as much as 0.22% of the long terms limit
value of 10 mg/m3 contained in the IAPCR and is very low. Besides, short term value has
been found as 0.038 mg/m3 (maximal daily mean values or,- when all measurement results
are arranged in a row according to the size of their numerical value statistically,- their value
equal to 95% of measurement results, maximal monthly mean values not to be exceeded in
a different way for the dust precipitated) .The value in question is as much as 0.38 % of the
short term limit value of 10 mg/m3 contained in the IAPCR and is very low.
264
Table 89. Air Quality Distribution modeling results (CO) – Alternative Scenario 3
Settlement area
Hacıbalı Village
Irmak Municipality
Irmak Municipality-Urban development area
(South--southwest of Irmak)
(-southwest of Irmak)
Field house
Kırıkkale
Modeling outputs
Concentration
(mg/m3)
x
y
z
Its distance to project
area
IAPCR Limit Value
(mg/m3) (1)
24 hours maximum
24 hours (95%)
Yearly
24 hours maximum
Yearly
24 hours maximum
Yearly
24 hours maximum
Yearly
24 hours maximum
Yearly
24 hours maximum
Yearly
24 hours maximum
Yearly
24 hours maximum
Yearly
24 hours maximum
Yearly
24 hours maximum
Yearly
24 hours maximum
Yearly
0.227
0.038
0.022
4.09 x10^03
7.30 x10^04
2.42 x10^03
2.81 x10^04
2.93 x10^03
2.64 x10^04
2.10 x10^03
2.73 x10^04
1.87 x10^03
3.36 x10^04
9.03 x10^03
1.06 x10^03
7.76 x10^03
1.52 x10^03
2.36 x10^03
5.03 x10^04
3.27 x10^03
1.82 x10^04
7.83 x10^04
1.00 x10^04
534000
533500
533500
4417500
4416000
4416000
894
855
855
1.100
2.130
2.130
537268
4419321
708
2.000
533288
4420664
702
3.000
530873
4418253
707
4.100
532253
4419045
772
3.000
534268
4421987
720
4.000
536366
4419557
688
1.800
534987
4418091
692
200
530614
4415312
729
5.000
538946
4413223
762
6.000
541693
4411996
758
8.000
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
265
Project
Area
Project
Area
Impact
Figure 108. On the land use map: 3rd alternative for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (CO)
266
Irmak Municipality
Hacıbalı Village
Kılıçlar
Municipality
Yahşihan County
Figure 109. On the topographic map: 3rd alternative for 24 hours, 1st highest concentrations (CO)
267
Project
Area
Project
Area
Impact
Figure 110. On the land use map: 3rd alternative yearly highest concentrations (CO)
268
Irmak Municipality
Hacıbalı Village
Kılıçlar
Municipality
Yahşihan County
Figure 111. On the topographic map: 3rd alternative yearly highest concentrations (CO)
Input file used in modeling and raw output of AERMOD Modeling study are presented
in Annex-20.
During the operation of the facility, Industrial Air Pollution Control Regulation (IAPCR)
published in the Official Gazette of 03.07.2009 with no. 27277 provisions shall be complied.
269
VIII.2.6.1.
IMPACTS ON CLIMATE
According to UNFCC there are six greenhouse gases which are listed below;






Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Methane (CH4)
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6)
In Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plants, the main impact on climate change is
CO2 emissions.
Estimated CO2 emission value which will be produced due to combustion of natural gas
in Eser NGCCPP is given below;
CO2 Production:
CO2 Production at 100 % load factory and 94.5 % availability:
0.347 kg/kWh
5,972.6 tons/d
2,187,868.9 tons/year
Turkish total CO2 emission produced for public electiricty and heat production is
determined as 1.014732*1011 kg/annual which is taken from Table 1.Turkey Sectoral Report
for Energy of Turkish International Inventory, 2008. According to 2008 data, Eser NGCCPP
contributes only 2.15 % to the Turkey’s CO2 emission rate in energy sector.
At the proposed power plant, in burning chamber, hot burning gases will be produced as
a result of natural gas burning and they will rotate the turbine blades by condensing and
passing by the gas turbine. With the rotation of the blades, the shaft connected to an electric
generator will rotate to produce electricity.
The energy of the hot exhaust gases coming out of the gas turbine will be collected in a
water heat boiler (HRGS) to be re-used, to vaporize the water in the boiler. The steam
obtained under the high pressure will actuate the steam turbine to produce additional
electricity power.
The plant efficiency is estimated at the level of 58.6 % within the activity scope, due to
the combined cycle power plant process, the waste heats going out from the Gas Turbine
shall be utilized, and vapor will be produced in the Heat Recovery Steam Generator, and then
electricity energy will be produced by the vapor turbine. The temperature of the smokestack
gas is expected to be approximately 870 C which will be released to the atmosphere at the
speed of 31.2 m/s from the Heat Recovery Steam Generator after the production of vapor
from the gas at the temperature of 586.50 C at the exit of the Gas Turbine.
As a summary Power plant operation is not expected to be created any significant effect
to the region.
270
VIII.2.6.2.
CLIMATE ADAPTATION
In the scope of the project, water shall be drawn for once. Afterwards evaporation and
blowdown water losses which are at small amounts shall be replenished. This required water
shall be supplied from caisson well.
Water will be supplied from caisson wells. Since caisson wells are fed especially by
Kızılırmak River, water availabiity of Kızılırmak River was evaluated.
Kızılırmak River has a continous flow in all seasons and it is one of the largest rivers
based on flowrate in Turkey. Below figure shows the Kızılırmak River flow rates from 2004 to
2008.
Kızılırmak River Flow Rate (m3/s) (2004-2008)
100.00
80.00
2004
60.00
2005
2006
40.00
2007
2008
20.00
0.00
Project’s water need is estimated as 1.113 m3/h. It seems that caiosson wells which are
fed by especially Kızılırmak River can provide this amount of water even the river’s flow rate
shows variety. In case of non existence of sufficient water, power plant system technology
may be revised based on existence conditions.
No decisions as to flood site, archeological area and protection zone etc. have been
taken by the relevant organizations concerning with the area where the natural gas cycle
power plant is to be installed. The locations where the plant units and switchyard field are to be
seated within the scope of the natural gas cycle power plant are above the flood elevation of
Kızılırmak river.
271
VIII.2.7
Drainage system of project, quantity of catchments water, to which
receiving environment it shall be discharged
Rain water catchments and drainage system shall be constructed in order that rain
waters do not enter into plant site and not damages plant during operating stage of subject
project. Rain waters shall be ensured reaching to Kızılırmak River without damaging the plant
by the system to be constructed.
Additionally rain waters shall be collected with a proper drainage system in switchyard
site to be included in plant operating site and within plant, and shall be balanced by collecting
in Batch Wastewater Equalization Tank. The waters collected here shall be transferred to
Continuous Wastewater Equalization Tank and shall be transferred to Wastewater Treatment
Facility from here. Details of Wastewater Treatment Facility Units which is seen on Water
Mass Equilibrium Diagram are explained in following sections. (See.Annex-19)
Provisions of "Directive on Control of Waste Oils" which was published on the Official
Gazette dated 30.07.2008 no. 26952 shall be abided by during activities to be performed
within the project site.
VIII.2.8
Quantity and feature of other solid wastes to be generated during
activity of the plant, storage/piling, disposal processes, where and how these
wastes shall be transported to or which purposes they shall be recycled for,
changes they make in receiving environments
The wastes to be generated during operating stage of the project are domestic
natured wastes (glass, paper, plastic etc.), organic based domestic natures solid wastes,
packing wastes and treatment sludge originating from treatment. Besides, cleaning material
containers shall be generated due to cleaning activities.
Additionally, there shall be machine oils and wastes that are contaminated with these
oils stemming from maintenance of equipments to be used during operating stage of the
project and illuminating devices which completed their life time during lighting processes.
Another hazardous waste other than these is not expected to be generated in the Plant.
Summary table of solid wastes originated during operation phase is given in Table 90.
272
Table 90. Solid Wastes originated during operation phase Summary Table
Waste Source
Originating
From
Personnel
Waste Type
Domestic
Wastes
Amount
Precautions
Disposal Method
46
kg/days
Collection in closed impermeable containers
seperaetly other wastes, Solid Waste Control
Regulation provisions shall be complied, Reusable
and/or recyclable wastes will be collected
seperately and provided reuse, Treatment Sludge
will be analyzed and disposed based on analysis
results.
Collection
by
municipality
in
idemtified periods.
Variable*
Collection in closed impermeable containers
seperaetly other wastes, Solid Waste Control
Regulation provisions shall be complied, Reusable
and/or recyclable wastes will be collected
seperately and provided reuse, Treatment Sludge
will be analyzed and disposed based on analysis
results.
Reuse of wastes,
Collection by
municipality in
idemtified periods
and/or given to the
Licensed Recycling
Facility
Variable*
Waste Oil and Engine Oil originating from each
type of equipment and vehicle during operation
phase will be analyzed by authorized laboratory,
according to analysis results, wastes will be
disposed in licensed reuse and/or disposal
facilities, Waste Oil Control Regulation’s relevant
provisions will be complied.
Given to the Licensed
Facilities
Variable*
Each type of waste battery originated during
operation phase will be collected seperately within
the frame of regulation provisiond, Waste Battery
and Accumulator Regulation provisions will be
complied.
Facilities
Variable*
Collected seperately from other wastes, prevent
mixing with other wastes and throw away to the
environment, package and package wastes control
regulation provisiond shall be complied
Maintenance
and Repair
Waste
Treatment
Facility Sludge
Originating
from operation
of facility
Waste Oil
Waste Battery
and
Accumulator
Package
Wastes
Facilities
*Amounts which will show variety
In the Directive on General Principles of Waste Management which entered into force
by being published in the Official Gazette dated 05.07.2008 no 26927 there are provisions as
follows,
- Article 5.b “When waste generation is inevitable, it is essential to recycle the waste
or to use it as an energy resource by recycling, reusing and other processes that aim
obtaining secondary raw material.”,
- Article 5.c. “During separation, collecting, transportation, recycling and disposal of
wastes, methods and processes that shall not pose risk for water, air, plant and animals, and
shall not cause discomfort through noise, vibration and effluvia, shall prevent natural
environment from being adversely effected and thus which shall not harm environmental and
human health" and
273
- Article 5.e. “Wastes can be recycled or disposed off where they are produced
provided that conditions stated in sub-paragraph (c) of the first paragraph are complied with. If
not, owner of the waste is obliged to ensure his wastes to be transported by an waste
transporter and recycled or disposed off by a facility that performs the works stated in
AANEX-II A or ANEX-II B and which received license from the Ministry for these purposes”
In Article 11 of the same directive, about record keeping obligation, there is provision
stating “Waste producing plants and corporations, and person, organization and institutions
performing disposal and recycling processes that are stated in ANNEX-II A and ANNEX-II B,
are obliged to record about waste type and code number of waste which is indicated in
ANNEX-IV, waste quantity, source of waste, destination facility, transportation means and
processes applied on waste in accordance with the methods stated in ANNEX-II A and
ANNEX-II B, and obliged to keep records at least for five years, to send them to Ministry with
intervals that shall be determined by Ministry, and to submitting them for examination and
inspection of Ministry”.
Approximately 40 persons shall work within the scope of the project. The amount of
domestic solid waste to be generated from personnel is calculated by using 1,15 kg value
(TUİK, 2008) and approximately 46 kg/day domestic natured solid waste is expected to be
generated in total.
Considering provisions of above mentioned Directive on General Principals of Waste
Management, primarily the recyclable and/or re-usable solid wastes originating from operation
activities in the facility shall be recycled in the place where they are produced or shall be reused.
In case this is not possible, solid wastes to be produced from operation activities shall
be gathered up separately and shall be given to the licensed institutions for the purpose of
recycling and/or disposal, and records shall be kept about waste type and code number of
waste which is indicated in ANNEX-IV, waste quantity, source of waste, destination facility,
transportation means and processes applied on waste in accordance with the methods stated
in ANNEX-II A and ANNEX-II B, and records shall be kept for at least five years, and shall be
sent to Ministry with intervals that shall be determined by Ministry, and shall be submitted for
examination and inspection of Ministry as per provisions of Directive on General Principles of
Waste Management.
Non-recyclable wastes (food, organic wastes etc.) shall be collected and gathered up
separately in order to prevent environment pollution and to make contribution to economy in
accordance with Article 8 of “Directive on Control of Solid Wastes” which entered into force by
being published in the Official Gazette dated 14.03.1991 no 20814. Complying with the
principles stated in section four Article 18 of the directive, which is about collecting and
transportation of solid wastes, solid wastes shall not be dumped on such places that shall
cause environment to be adversely affected, shall be collected and kept in as covers closed,
and necessary measures shall be taken. Subject solid wastes shall be provided to be taken
periodically by the closest municipality having suitable means or shall be transported by the
investor to the areas shown by municipality.
274
In order to provide recycling and recovery of packing wastes which are among
domestic natured solid wastes, they shall be collected separately at source, gathered up and
given to the municipalities that are responsible for their collection and/or to the licensed
collection/separation facilities which concluded a contract with municipality in compliance with
the provisions of Directive on Control of Packing Wastes that entered into force by being
published in the Official Gazette dated 24.08.2011 no 28035.
Waste classification of sludge of Domestic natured Package Wastewater Treatment
Facility and Process Wastewater Treatment Facility shall be determined in accordance with
the result of the analysis to be performed and Directive on General Principles of Waste
Management that entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated
05.07.2008 no 26927, and shall be disposed of accordingly.
In Article 8 of Directive on Control of above mentioned Polychlorinated Biphenyls and
Polychlorinated Terphenyls that entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette
dated 27.12.2007 no 26739, following provision is involved about obligations of persons
possessing PCB’s: “Persons possessing used PCB, substances and equipments containing
PCB, considering the related articles of the same directive, are obliged to make notification to
ministry and receiving inventory record number from ministry, to inform Ministry of the
changes on inventory information after treatment and/or disposal process with PCB Inventory
Form, to get PCB analysis performed, to label or get labeled, to appropriately store
temporarily and transport in compliance with the relevant provisions, to take necessary
measure in environments containing PCB, to perform or get performed treatment and/or
disposal processes.”
In case there are substances and equipments containing PCT and PCB are not to be
used in the transformers, capacitors and electric generation systems within the ESER
NGCCPP.
The provision stating that “comprises prohibition, restriction and obligations, measures
to be taken, inspections to be performed, legal and technical responsibilities to be subject to
with respect to production, collection, temporary storage, transportation, recycling, disposal,
export and import of wastes which are classified as hazardous waste in ANNEX-IV that is
included in the annex of Directive on General Principles of Waste Management that entered
into force by publishing in the Official Gazette dated 05.07.2008 and with number 26927, and
which show one or more of the features that are listed in ANNEX-III A and recognized as
hazardous and which are between H3 to H8, and likewise which have values over threshold
concentrations in ANNEX-III B with regard to H10 and H11” is included in 2nd article of
Directive on Control of Hazardous Wastes which entered into force by being published on the
Official Gazette dated 14.03.2005 and with number 25755.
275
Dangerous waste, waste accumulator, tire, waste oils and parts contaminated with
waste oils that are possible to be generated due to maintenance and repair of machines and
equipments within the scope of the project, shall be gathered up separately in impervious
containers by being coded in accordance with Waste List given in Annex IV of Directive within
the framework of Directive on General Principals of Waste Management, and their appropriate
disposal shall be ensured by delivering them to licensed institutions within the framework of
relevant directive. Another solid waste generating from project other than these is not
expected to be generate.
VIII.2.9
Vibration to be generated within the scope of the project, noise
sources and levels, preparation of acoustic report according to Directive on
Evaluation and Management of Environmental Noise, (taking Acoustic Format in
www.cevreorman.gov.tr address as a basis)
In the Article 8.c.2 of Directive on Evaluation and Management of Environmental Noise
(ÇGDYY) that entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 04.06.2010
no 27601, the provision stating “takes necessary measures related to ensuring preparation of
environmental impact assessment report or the project presentation file’s section which is
relevant to noise, that shall be prepared for the plant that is planned to be established and for
corporations and plants included in Annex-1 and Annex-2 of Directive on Permits and
Licenses Required to be Taken as per Environment Law, and for transportation sources
included in articles 18,19, 20 and 21” is included.
ESER NGCCPP project is involved among the facilities stated in Directive on Permits
and Licenses Required to be Taken as per Environment Law, Annex-1. List of Activities or
Facilities Having High Contamination Impact on Environment, 1.1.2. Gas fuel facilities having
total combustion system thermal power of 100 MW or higher combustion system, which
entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 29.04.2009 no 27214
Considering the relevant articles of the directive, within the scope of ESER NGCCPP
project, Acoustic Report was prepared by Çınar Environment Measurements and Analysis
Laboratory which is accredited by Turkish Accreditation Agency (TURKAK) and which has
Environment Measurement and Analysis Competency Certificate from Ministry of
Environment and Forestry, by measuring background noise level on points marked in Figure
112, taking project site and nearest settlement places into consideration (See Annex-17).
Background noise levels are determined as given in Table 91, as can be seen from Acoustic
Report included in annex.
276
Project
Area
Figure 112. Background Noise Level Measurement Points
Table 91. Background Noise Level Measurements (dBA)
Measurement Position
With
Reference
to LDay
LEvening
LNight
Pont
Project Site
Max
Min
Leq
Max
Min
Leq
Max
Min
Leq
1
North of Project Site
72,3
45,3
51,9
82,8
24,4
59,0
74,8
31,8
40,6
2
South of Project Site
84,7
47,5
58,6
77,5
23,6
50,3
37,7
31,9
34,8
3
1.650 m northeast of project site 88,4
31,7
63,9
81,0
16,5
48,3
80,5
32,3
46,3
28,8
43,9
76,6
32,1
41,9
83,3
32,3
50,0
(Mass Housing Project Area)
4
2.150 m northeast of project site 70,1
(Hacıbalı Village )
Definition:
Lday: is the energy average of A weighted sound level as defined in TS 9315 (ISO 1996-1 ), it is determined according to whole
day time frame or a certain period in day time frame.
Levening: is the energy average of A weighted sound level as defined in TS 9315 (ISO 1996-1 ), it is determined according to
whole evening time frame or a certain period in evening time frame.
Lnight: is the energy average of A weighted sound level as defined in TS 9315 (ISO 1996-1 ), it is determined according to whole
night time frame or a certain period in night time frame.
Leq TS 9315 (ISO 1996-1 ) : Constant level of noise the levels of which show change in certain time , which is its equivalent in
terms of energy
Time frames in indicators;
Day: 12 hours from 07.00 to 19.00
Evening: 4 hours from 19.00 to 23.00
Night: 8 hours from 23.00 to 07.00.
277
Noise generation stemming from activities to be performed during operating stage of
the project and plant units is expected.
Appropriate protective tools and devices such as helmet, headset or ear plugs shall be
issued in order to protect health of employers and to maintain continuity of activities in such
environments where noise is exposed to.
In Regulation on Evaluation and Management of Environmental Noise Article 22
“Noise level emitted from each corporation and facility cannot exceed the limit values given in
Table-4 in Annex-VII" provision is included. Accordingly, Environmental Noise Limit Values
given in Table 92 below shall be satisfied during activities to be performed at operating stage.
Table 92. Environmental Noise Limit Values for Industrial Plants (RoEaMoEN, Annex-VII, Table–4.)
Areas
Lday Leveing Lnight
(dBA) (dBA) (dBA)
Education, culture and health areas of noise sensitive utilities
and areas where summerhouses and camping are intensive
Areas where houses are intensive of areas where commercial
Areas where workplaces are intensive of areas where commercial
Industrial Areas
60
55
50
65
60
55
68
70
63
65
58
60
Project activity site is evaluated to be within scope of "areas where houses are
intensive of areas where commercial buildings and noise sensitive utilities are together" from
the areas included in the table.
Noise level to be generated from activities to be performed during operating stage is
calculated in Acoustic Report that is involved in the annex of EIA Report. Environmental
noise level to be generated during operating stage decreases below 50 dBA at about 100 m
distance from work site as can be seen on figure 94 given below; limit values in terms of Lday,
Levening, Lnight (65 dBA, 60 dBA and 55 dBA respectively) which are included in Regulation
on the Evaluation and Management of the Environmental Noise (RoEaMoEN)– Table 4 are
satisfied. The closest settlement to the operation site is Hacıbalı Village located at a distance
of about 2.000 m, and noise level to be generated in said settlement shall drop below the limit
value.
278
Hacıbalı
Village
Noise Level
Signs and Symbols
dB(A) inside LN
Point Source
Plane Source
Contour Line
Noise Calc. Field
Area Usage Purposes
Residential Place
Figure 113. Noise Map (Operating Stage)
Appropriate protective tools and devices such as helmet, headset or ear plugs shall be
issued in order to protect health of employers and to maintain continuity of activities in such
environments where noise is exposed to. Within the scope of the project, provisions of Labor
Law no 4857 and bylaws and directives issued correspondingly shall be complied with.
During the activities to be performed within the scope of the project, relevant
provisions of Directive on Evaluation and Management of Environmental Noise shall be
complied with.
VIII.2.10
Quantity and features of radioactive wastes, potential and residual
effects and suggested precautions
There shall not be any radioactive waste generation within the scope of the project.
279
VIII.2.11
Dangerous, toxic, inflammable substances and explosives to be used
in project units during production, their transportation and storage, usage
purposes, potential dangers during their usage and measures to be taken
Subject project is Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant Project, and Natural gas shall be
used for energy generation within the scope of the project. The material having highest
explosion risk to be used within the scope of the project is the natural gas to be used.
The natural gas to be used in the plant shall end at RMS-A that shall be established
(as a result of revised land route survey to be made after determining RMS-A location
conclusively) on one of 2 alternative points by means of making Hot-Tap from a suitable point
at around 365+272 Km of 48” Samsun-Ankara Natural Gas Pipeline.
There shall not be any expropriation since all pipeline route remains within the project
site. In case location of valve which shall be installed on the point to be hot-tapped remains
out of project site, this place shall be expropriated. It shall hand over the easement on land
title of the section where pipeline is passing to BOTAŞ without charge after preparation of
expropriation files following EIA process and getting them certified by cadastre
All necessary safety measures shall be taken against leakage and corrosion during
natural gas connection.
Additionally, chemicals for cleaning purposes and cleaning agents shall be used and
chemical agents shall be used in treatment units and cooling system within the scope of the
project.
Gas Turbines shall be washed periodically within the scope of subject project. The
chemicals to be used for washing process shall be stored at separated areas in the plant by
taking necessary measures; their access to and usage shall be prohibited except for the
responsible ones.
Like wise, the chemicals to be used in Water Treatment Facility, Domestic Natured
Package Wastewater Treatment Facility and Cooling System, after being brought to the
facility, shall be stored in suitable environments by taking necessary measures as stated in
Material Safety information Form; their access to and usage shall be prohibited except for the
responsible ones.
The principles stated in “Bylaw on Measures to be Taken in Works and Workplaces
Working With Explosives, inflammable and Hazardous Substances” that was published in the
Official Gazette dated 24.12.1973 no 14752 shall be complied with during transportation,
usage, storage and shipment of subject materials.
280
Waste accumulator, tire, waste oils and parts contaminated with waste oils that are
possible to be generated due to maintenance and repair of machines and equipments within
the scope of the project, shall be gathered up separately in impervious containers and shall
be delivered to institutions having license from Ministry.
The tires/accumulators that completed their life time, which come out as a result of
replacement of tires/accumulators of work equipments and vehicles within the scope of
operations, shall be given to the firms that received license from Ministry or to relevant service
stations.
Relevant provisions of Directive on Control of Worn Out Tires which entered into force
by being published in the Official Gazette dated 25.11.2006 no. 26357 and Directive on
Control of Waste Batteries and Accumulators which entered into force by being published in
the Official Gazette dated 31.08.2004 no. 25569 shall be complied with.
In case of any leakage stemming from engineering equipments working in the project
site, the relevant provisions of “Directive on Control of Soil Pollution and Point Sourced
Polluted Sites” which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated
08.06.2010 no. 27605 shall be abided by.
Also, in line with the Directive on Control of Hazardous Wastes which entered into
force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 14.03.2005 no. 25755 and Directive on
General Principals of Waste Management which entered into force by being published in the
Official Gazette dated 05.07.2008 no. 26927, wastes shall be gathered up separately by being
coded in accordance with Waste List given in Annex IV of Directive, and their appropriate
disposal shall be ensured by delivering them to licensed institutions within the framework of
relevant directive.
During the activities to be performed in the project area, the provisions of “Directive on
Control of Waste Oils” that was published in the Official Gazette dated 30.07.2008 no. 26952
and provisions of “Directive on Control of Waste Vegetable Oils” that was published in the
official Gazette dated 19.04.2005 no 25791 shall be abided by.
VIII.2.12
Possible impacts on hydrophilic and terrestrial flora/fauna and
measures to be taken
Flora and fauna of the area is determined as a result of land survey performed for
Eser Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant which is planned to be constructed in Kırıkkale
Province, Yahşihan District; species discovered and possible to be discovered are identified.
Any endangered species was not determined and species were identified as cosmopolitan
species. Additionally, in order to keep air pollution under control, dry low NOx generating
burners were selected and measurements were performed to determine the current situation.
The values of emission shall be controlled by measuring continuously. Project is not expected
to adversely affect flora and fauna in the vicinity and to endanger their generations.
281
Since cooling system included within the scope of activities, at the beginning water
shall be drawn for once. Afterwards evaporation and blowdown water losses shall be
replenished. Required water shall be supplied from caisson well; since the cooling system is a
closed system, cooling water shall not be discharged to Kızılırmak. Process waste waters
from plant and domestic natured waste waters shall be discharged to Kızılırmak River after
treated, and limit values in Directive on Control of Water Pollution are satisfied.
Therefore, there shall not be any change in the temperature of the river stemming from
activity of ESER NGCCPP, hydrophilic flora and fauna shall not be adversely affected.
VIII.2.13
Impacts of project on agricultural products and soil acidification,
methods used for estimation of soil acidification and measures to be taken
In the energy plant project, natural gas, which is known to be the cleanest fuel type
among the fossil fuels, shall be used. The most important parameter among air emissions to
be generated as a result of combustion of natural gas is generation of NOx emissions.
Nitrogen oxides which are important in terms of air pollution are NO (nitrogen
monoxide) and NO2 (nitrogen dioxide). Nitrogen monoxide is colorless and odorless, a quit
harmless gas. Nitrogen dioxide, when oxidized becomes a yellow brown odorous and harmful
gas. Combined value of atmospheric concentrations of NO and NO2 are represented by NOX.
Lasting period in atmosphere is about 1 day.
Impacts on Materials and Plants:
Any harm of NO on plants is not observed in laboratory conditions. However, NO2 and
primer pollutants might inflict some damages on vegetations. Secondary pollutants such as
PAN and O3 probably inflict various damages on plants as a result of photochemical reactions
containing NOx. High dosed effecting of NO2 decolorizes textile dyes, oxidizes metals and
singes white color factory dyes.
It causes acidification. Rain is generally slightly acidic; its pH value alters between 5-6.
However, pH value of acid rain, which occurs by transformation of NOx in to HNO3, is at a low
level like 4 – 4.5. This results in negative alterations in life in hydrophilic environment, plants
and soil. Acidity of soil increases as a result of dropping of acid rain on to the soil and these
strong acidic solutions cause loss of minerals in soil such as Ca++ , Mg+ , K+. These minerals
are of vital importance for the trees to grow and regenerate themselves.
Considering topography surrounding the project site and position of the nearest
settlements, assessments are performed in Chapter VII.1 and an area with a dimension of 11
km x 11 km as selected as project impact area. There are agricultural lands in patches and
meadow-pasture areas within the project Impact area. There are slope and erosion damages
in a great majority of agricultural lands within the project impact area; Dry Fallow Farming is
performed on many of them, on some agricultural land, however, irrigated farming and
vegetable gardening is performed.
282
Even though a wide tolerance exists in nature against pH values, soils having low pH
values, which mean soils with acidic characters, are poor in nutrients. Although pH values of
soils alter between 2,2 and 9,6 in general, values below 4,5 and over 8 are rare. Different
types of plants can grow in soils having different pH values. Many plants yields better
between 5,5, and 6,2 pH. That means, they like slightly acidic environments, many mineral
substances can make better ion exchange in these environments. Extreme fluctuations cause
lack of some nutrients and toxicity (toxic effect due to its excessiveness) in plant.
Soils samples taken from project site are analyzed by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Affairs, general Directorate of Agricultural Research, Central Research Institute of Soil
Fertilizer and Water Resources, Soil Quality and Productivity Laboratories and NEN
Mühendislik ve Lab. Hiz. Tic. Ltd.Şti. Analysis Report prepared is given in annex and watersaturated soil pH values of soil samples taken from project site and its surroundings are
presented in summary in Table 93 below. (see Annex-13)
Table 93. Average pH values in water-saturated soil
Soil Sample No
Coordinate Information
pH in Water-Saturated Soil
1
X:535188.2657 Y:4418102.3480
7.73
2
X:535295.3649 Y:4417509.5757
7.95
3
X:535436.8739 Y:4417151.6973
8.04
4
X:535142.7869 Y:4417497.6818
8.16
5
X:535544.4503 Y:4417894.9058
8.05
Average pH value
7.99
Characteristic of soil in project site and its surroundings where samples are taken from
is generally alkali; average pH value is about 8. Accordingly, soils around the project, when
evaluated in term of pH, are staying between 5.5 – 6.2 productivity range and shows basic
characteristics.
Air Pollution and Increase in Soil Acidity
The main potential effects on soil of air emissions stemming from thermal plants,
natural gas cycle plants and industrial plants causing air pollution are increase in H+
concentrations in soil and occupation of cation exchange areas on surfaces of colloids by
these ions.
By this way, leaving their locations in soil surface of Ca++ , Mg++ , Na+, K+ and NH4
+ ions in soil shall be the expected result. Leaving their exchange locations of these cations
and settlement of H+ ions in these places shall cause these cations to pass to soil solution
and to get ready to leak. As a result of leaving soil of these ions might decrease soil
productivity and more addition of H+ ions to soil.
283
Cation Exchange Capacity (KDK)
Factors buffering the effects of added H+ ions shall be basic cations (Ca++, Mg++
,Na+ ,K +, NH4 ) existing in exchange areas of soil. Generally cations in exchange areas are
in equilibrium condition with cations in soil solution. It gives exchange capacity (KDK) in 100
gram of soil. Exchangeable Ca++, Mg+, Na+ and K+ ions of a soil are called basic cations of
soil. Percentage basic saturation is expressed as the percentage of total equivalent weights of
exchangeable basic cations of soil, within the cation exchange capacity.
According to the literature reviews, in the surveys performed between KırıkkaleÇorum-Yozgat, organic substance quantity and cation exchange capacity for various aoil
types existing in region are indicated. Accordingly, organic substance quantity in reddish
brown soil group which is the soil type of project site is between %0,8 and %1,5; cation
exchange capacity is between 26-42 meq/100 g. Ca++ is dominant is variable cations, there
are K+ and Na+ in small rates. (Kırıkkale University, Eftal Böke, 2005)
pH values in above Table 94 representing the land where plant shall be established
are compared according to cation exchange capacity in soil type and indicated in the following
table.
Following table is used for evaluation of sensitivity of soils to acidification according to
KDK ( cation Exchange Capacity) and pH.
Table 94. Acidification Sensitivity Criteria of Soils
Cation Exchange
Capacity
<6
6-15
>15
Ph
<4.6
4.6-5.0
5.1-5.5
5.6-6.0
6.1-6.5
>6.5
<4.6
4.6-5.0
5.1-5.5
5.6-6.0
>6.0
<4.6
4.6-5.0
5.1-5.5
5.6-6.0
>6.0 *
Sensitivity to Basic Cation
Loss
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
D
Y
O
O
O
D
Y
O
O
D
D
Sensitivity to
Acidification
D
D
O
Y
Y
D
D
D
D-O
D-O
D
D
D
D
D-O
D
General
Sensitivity
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
D
Y
O
O
O
D
Y
O
O
D
D
D: Low Sensitivity O: Moderate Sensitivity Y: High sensitivity
Source: A qualitative sensitivity analysis developed by Holowaychuk and Fesseden (1987)
*Data representing the plant
When taking subject approach in to consideration, soil sensitivity to basic cation loss,
acidification and general soil sensitivity is evaluated as low for operation site. Also, when
examined in general, as a result of KDK values over 15 and pH values over 6, project area
and its surroundings are in low sensitivity class.
284
Distribution of NOx emissions that shall stem from the project is evaluated under VIII.2.6
heading by using Air Quality Distribution Modeling; concentration values that NO and NO2
emissions from project shall generate on ground level are calculated to be below directive
limit values. In the calculations performed it is seen that highest concentration value stays at
1/3 of the limit value.
Additionally, looking at the distribution model results performed, it is seen that the
highest concentration values stay at unoccupied hilly terrain to the west and southwest of the
plant, and that these terrains have the characteristics of step flora in general. For this reason,
an adverse effect is not expected to occur on existing agricultural lands in the area.
Additionally, in order to keep NOx emissions that shall arise from project activities
under control, dry low NOx generating burners shall be used, and also flue gas emissions
shall be measured continuously when passed to operating stage. It is expected not to occur
any soil acidification in and around operation site and any adverse affect on agricultural
productions stemming from the project. Considering all these aspects mentioned above, Soil
pollution in the project scope did not require to be monitored.
VIII.2.14
Impacts on ground and surface waters and measures to be taken
Domestic and industrial natured wastewaters coming out within scope of the project
shall be treated in necessary treatment systems and shall be discharged to Kızılırmak River
by satisfying limit values in Directive on Control of Water Pollution. Therefore a negative affect
stemming from the project is not expected to occur on Kızılırmak, which is the closest surface
water source to operation site. Since there isn’t any ground water source in and immediate
surroundings of project site, any impact is out of question.
VIII.2.15
The evaluation of the cumulative effect by considering the current
pollution load (air, water, earth) of the region
Air
In order to determine the NOx pollution level in the project subject, ESER Natural Gas
Combined Cycle Power plant (NGCCPP) project area and its surroundings, an area with the
size of 11 km X 11 km around the operation area was selected as the project effect area by
the Çınar Environment Measurement and Analyses Laboratory (Çınar Çevre Ölçüm ve Analiz
Laboratuvarı), passive sampling was conducted at 10 points within the mentioned effect area
to detect the current situation.
Sampling results are taken and provided in below Table 46. Result of analysis is given
in the appendix (See Appendix-16). In looking air quality sampling results, the highest NO 2
concentration is found in the point nearby Yahşihan Municipality with the value of 21,87
µg/m3.
285
Table 46. The results of air quality sampling (µg/m3)
1. Period
NO2
NOx
2. Period
NO2
NOx
3. Period
NO2
NOx
Order
No
Point Name
1
Nearby Project
Area
9,23
*
*
8,94
11,81
2,87
6,88
2
Nearby Project
Area-Field
House
7,45
11,47
4,01
8,37
11,64
3,27
3
Mass Housing
Project Area
15,11
12,96
< LOD
13,90
15,97
4
Hacıbalı Village
15,42
17,28
1,86
14,70
5
Yahşihan
Municipality
21,87
25,88
4,01
6,88
17,00
9,23
6
7
8
Kılıçlar
Municipality
Irmak
Municipality
Urban
Development
Area
Irmak
Municipality
NO
NO
AVERAGE
NOx
NO
NO
NO2
12,10
5,22
8,35
11,96
4,05
5,10
10,49
5,39
6,97
11,20
4,22
2,06
10,00
12,87
2,87
13,00
13,93
2,47
20,07
5,36
9,32
13,50
4,19
13,15
16,95
3,80
14,85
13,67
< LOD
11,58
11,35 < LOD
16,10
16,97
4,01
10,12
8,80
11,06
2,26
6,25
7,77
1,52
7,31
11,94
4,63
14,45
5,22
11,01
15,19
4,19
8,63
13,62
4,99
9,62
14,42
4,80
12,13
15,16
3,04
11,38
15,59
4,21
7,68
15,51
7,83
10,40
15,42
5,03
9
Kırıkkale OSB
12,33
13,79
1,46
4,79
5,82
1,03
6,28
10,43
4,16
7,80
10,01
2,22
10
South of
Project Area
7,17
12,64
5,47
7,37
12,13
4,76
4,84
13,33
8,48
6,46
12,70
6,24
Note: * Tube lost
The Total Pollution Value has been detected and compared with the Industrial Air
Pollution Control Regulation(IAPCR) limit value by evaluating together both the concentration
value obtained by the modeling and the current pollution load of the operation area and its
surroundings while evaluating the results of the Air Quality Distribution Modeling under the
title VIII.2.6
The annual average highest value was found as 11,19 μg/m3 and the Total Pollution
Value was found as 19.54 μg/ m3 among the results of the distributions of the NO2 emissions
in the atmosphere which will arise from the facility in accordance with the second alternative
scenario (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale NGCCPP). The mentioned values are
around 32.6 % of the Long Term Limit Value, 60 μg/m3 specified in the Industrial Air Pollution
Control Regulation (IAPCR) and are considerably below the limit value.
Moreover, the Short Term Value was found as 19.38 μg/m3 and the Total Pollution
Value was found as 27.73 μg/m3. They are around 9.2 % of the Short Term Limit Value, 300
μg/m3 specified in the Industrial Air Pollution Control Regulation (IAPCR) and are
considerably below the limit value.
286
Water
Water will be drawn for only once in the beginning, since the cooling system existing in
the operation will work as closed cycle. Later the losses of evaporation and blow out water will
be added. The required water shall be obtained from caisson wells, cooling water will not be
discharged to Kızılırmak River since the cooling system is closed cycle. The process waste
waters and household based waste waters will be discharged into Kızılırmak River within the
limit values in the Control Regulations of the Water Pollution after they are decontaminated.
Thus, there will be no negative change in the temperature of the river and in its other
parameters due to the operations of the ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power plant
(NGCCPP), and aquatic flora and fauna will not be affected negatively.
Soil
Pursuant to the literature surveys performed, in the studies done in the KırıkkaleÇorum-Yozgat Region. The characteristics of the values of the organic material amount and
the cation exchange capacity for the various earth types existing in the region. Accordingly,
the organic material amount is between 0.8 % and 1.5 % and the cation exchange capacity is
between 26 meq/100 g and 42 meq/100g in the reddish brown earth group which is the
project area earth type. Among the variable cations Ca++ is dominant, and little amounts of
K+ and Na+ exist. (Kırıkkale University, Eftal Böke, 2005)
The sensitivity of the earth against the acidification is evaluated in accordance with the
Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and with the pH. When we take the mentioned approach
into account, the sensitivity of the earth against the losses of alkaline cations, and the
acidification, and the general sensitivity of the earth is evaluated as low for the operations
area. When it is investigated generally, as a result of the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)
greater than 15 and the pH values greater than 6, the project area and its surroundings are in
the class of low sensitivity.
The distributions of the NOx emissions which will arise due to the project, were
evaluated by the use of the Air Quality Distribution Modeling under the title VIII.2.6, since the
concentration values of the NO and NO2 emissions on the ground level arising from the power
plant will be lower than the limit values of the regulations, it is not expected that any negative
effect will arise in the operations area and its surroundings.
Moreover, in order to be able to hold the NOx emissions which will arise due to the
project operations under control, dry burners producing low NOx will be used and the
smokestack gas emissions will be continuously measured in the operations phase. It is
expected that no acidification of earth and no negative effect on the agricultural products will
arise in the operations area and its surroundings due to the project.
287
VIII.2.16
From where and how will the houses and the other technical/social
infrastructure requirements of the staff and their dependents who will work during
the activity of the facility be met
Administrative buildings and working buildings will be established in the project area in
order to use during the operational activities, and the dining hall, the kitchen, the dressing
rooms, the showers, the restrooms, the lavatories, the warehouse, the administrative and
technical offices for all kinds of technical and social infrastructure requirements of the staff
who will work in the project will exist in the mentioned operations area.
The staff who will be employed in the project shall be first selected from the persons
who reside in the settlements in the project area and its surroundings. In that case, if the
staffs coming from close settlements require to reside in their own houses and/or if it is
suitable in terms of operational activities, service vehicles may be used for transportation.
VIII.2.17
The risky and dangerous activities for the human health and the
environment, among the activities in the operational phase of the project
There are general risks which may arise from the use of the operations tools, devices
and machinery due to the carelessness and the lack of training of the staff in the operational
phase. The works which are risky and dangerous for the human health and the environment
in the operational phase of the project are the incidents such as injuries, traffic accidents in
the facility, bouncing of materials, fall of persons, the accidents of construction equipments
etc. which may possibly occur in almost every business. Since the causes of the accident
risks are possibly and generally due to the faults of the staff, necessary training will be
provided to the staff who will be employed in the operational phase based on the relevant
statutes and the regulations. Additionally, warning signs will be installed in the working area.
Dangerous works such as working at the height, electricity and welding works etc. will
be performed by the authorized and capable staff. The working employees will be informed for
them to use helmets and security ropes and dresses while working at the height and the
continuance of the application will be followed with careful attention.
In order to prevent the work accidents due to the decrease of the concentration within
the working time, the risk of work accidents will be prevented by giving short breaks. In all
phases of the project, the provisions of the Work Act numbered 4857 and of the regulations
and the statutes submitted based on this act shall be obeyed, and all measures required for
minimizing the possible accidents and their risks shall be taken.
In the field of the activity, the provisions of the Work Act numbered 4857 and of the
regulations and the statutes submitted based on this act shall be obeyed.
In Regulation on Evaluation and Management of Environmental Noise Article 22
“Noise level emitted from each corporation and facility cannot exceed the limit values given in
Table-5 in Annex-7" provision is included. The levels of the noise which will occur in the field
of activity will be kept in limit values mentioned in this regulation.
288
During the activities to be performed within the scope of the project, the relevant
provisions of the Regulations of the Evaluation and Management of the Environmental Noise
which was published and entered into force in the Official Gazette dated 04 June 2010 and
numbered 27601 shall be obeyed.
According to Noise Regulation Article 5 “Issues related with exposure limit values and
exposure active values are given in below” in c clause “The jobs which are certainty detected
that the daily noise exposure is significantly different from day to day the implementation
exposure limit values and exposure action values weekly exposure values can be used
instead of the daily exposure values with following conditions are provided”: The weekly noise
exposure level determined with sufficient measurement: the exposure limit value of 87 dB (A)
shall not be exceeded.
Suitable protective tools and means will be provided such as headgears, earpieces and
ear plugs in order to protect the health of the employees and to provide the continuation of the
activity in the environment where they are subject to noise. Within the scope of the project,
the provisions specified in the Work Act numbered 4857 and in the statutes and the
regulations submitted based on that act shall be obeyed.
VIII.2.18
In how much area and how the area organizations will be established
in order to create landscape elements in the project area or for other purposes
(afforestation, green area organizations etc.), the types of vegetation and trees for
those etc.
Landscape works will be performed in the necessary areas after the establishment of
the units of the facilities on the field of activity which is the subject of the project. The types
which will reflect the natural vegetation of the region will be used in the landscape works.
Detailed works will be performed in the ultimate project phase.
VIII.2.19
Proposed distance for health protection band
Following the completion of the ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant
construction works which is planned to be established based on the Instructions of the Basic
Health Services General Directorate of the Ministry of Health dated 17 February 2011 and
numbered 6359 (the Determination of the Distance for the Health Protection Band to be left
Around the Non-Health Establishments Which may Negatively Affect the Environmental and
Community Health) with regard to the mentioned ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power
plant having an installed power of 835 MWe, it will be applied to Kırıkkale Municipality and/or
Kırıkkale Special Provincial Directorate of Administration to get a Non-Health Establishment
License in the scope of Regulation on Beginning a Business and Working Licences published
in the Official Gazette dated 10.08.2005 and numbered 2005/9207 and a distance in
surrounding of project area to be specified by the committee will be left for the Health
Protection Band. The suggestion of the Provincial Health Directorate in which 40 m (25 %
may be increased or decreased) Health Protection Band distance shall be left from outside to
the inside of project area border will be taken into account during determining the Health
Protection Band distance.
289
VIII.2.20
The Efficiency of the Thermal Power plant, how will the waste heat be
utilized. How will the heat to be given to the atmosphere due to energy loss (due to
the energy loss arising from not being able to transform all of the fuel to energy)
affect the meteorological conditions (relative humidity, temperature, pressure etc.)?
and the precautions to be taken
In the proposed power plant, hot burning gas will be created as a result of the burning
of the natural gas in the combustion chamber and that expanded gas will flow through the gas
turbines and will turn the wings of the turbines. With the turn of the wings, a shaft will turn
which is connected to an electricity generator to perform the production of the electricity.
The energy of the hot exhaust gases which will go out from the gas turbine will be
collected in a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) for reuse, and the evaporation of the
water inside the boiler shall be provided. The vapor obtained at high pressure will operate the
vapor turbine and additional electricity energy will be produced. As electricity is produced in
two processes, that system is called combined cycle power plant.
The plant efficiency is estimated at the level of 58.6 % within the activity scope, due to
the combined cycle power plant process, the waste heats going out from the Gas Turbine
shall be utilized, and vapor will be produced in the Heat Recovery Steam Generator, and then
electricity energy will be produced by the vapor turbine. The temperature of the smokestack
gas is expected to be approximately 870 C which will be released to the atmosphere at the
speed of 31.2 m/s from the Heat Recovery Steam Generator after the production of vapor
from the gas at the temperature of 586.50 C at the exit of the Gas Turbine. Therefore, it is not
expected any negative effect arising from that phase.
VIII.2.21
Other Activities
There is not any subject to be notified with the exception of the explanations given
under Section VIII.2. above within the scope of the operation phase of the project.
290
VIII.3. The Effects of the Project on the Socio-Economic Environment
VIII.3.1
The income increases expected with the project; the employment
possibilities to be created, population movements, immigration, training, health,
culture, other social and technical infrastructure services and the changes in the
utilization conditions of those services etc.
Simultaneous employment of maximum 1000 personnel is planned during the
construction. Various numbers of staff at various times shall be employed in the construction
camp, and it is projected that the number of the average simultaneously working employees is
500. In the operational phase of the project, approximately 40 workers will be employed. The
personnel to be employed within the scope of the project will preferably be selected from the
persons living in the settlements which are in the project area and its close surroundings. The
staff who will be employed in the project shall be first selected from the persons who reside in
the settlements in the project area and its surroundings. In that case, if the staff coming from
close settlements requires to reside in their own houses and/or if it is suitable in terms of
operational activities, service vehicles may be used for transportation.
In addition to the work health and security trainings, other trainings required such as
relevant professional training and courses taking into account the works they will perform in
the construction and operational phases will be provided to the personnel employed from the
region. Thus, the workers will be qualified.
The machinery, equipments and other necessary materials required in the
construction and operational phases will be supplied from the industries operating in Kırıkkale
Province when possible. And for the supply of the requirements of the personnel, the means
of the closest municipality will be utilized. As it will contribute to the economy of the region, it
is deemed that it will positively affect the social and the technical infrastructure of the region.
Based on that, it is expected for the immigration in the region increased in the recent years to
decrease.
The electricity energy which is planned to be produced by the project, is a project
providing benefits to the public which will contribute to the electricity production by connecting
to the interconnection system. The electricity energy to be produced in ESER Natural Gas
Combined Cycle Power plant will be connected to the 380 kV ETL interconnection system and
will make a significant contribution to meeting the energy requirements of Ankara and
Kırıkkale provinces and the region. The mentioned project is very important for providing
continuous and non-interrupted energy to the consumers. With the project the construction of
which is planned, both the regional and the Turkish economies are expected to be affected
positively.
VIII.3.2
Environmental Benefit-Cost Analysis
Energy will be produced by using natural gas with the mentioned project. Natural Gas
Combined Cycle Power plants are environment friendly systems which can produce energy
without creating any effect which cannot be prevented with the selection of the correct
technology.
291
Environmental effects will arise in terms of air, water, and noise from the activities to
be performed in the construction and operational phases of the project. However, in order for
those effects not to arise and/or to mitigate, all the precautions mentioned in the sections
VIII.1 and VIII.2 and the limit values of the relevant regulations will be conformed to.
The most important contamination source in the natural gas cycle power plants is
NOx, and thus dry burners producing low NOx are selected in order to control the air pollution.
The concentration values which will occur in the region were calculated by making air quality
modeling within the scope of Environmental Effect Evaluation studies and additionally
measurements were performed for the detection of the current situation in the project effect
area. Moreover, the smokestack gas emissions will be continuously measured in the
operations phase. And in the construction phase, the emissions arising from excavations will
be held below the limit values of the regulations.
Within the scope of the activity, water will be drawn for only once in the beginning,
since the cooling system existing in the operation will work as closed cycle. Later the losses of
evaporation and blow out water will be added. The required water shall be obtained from
caisson wells, and cooling water will not be discharged to Kızılırmak River since the cooling
system is closed cycle.
The process waste waters and household based waste waters will be discharged into
Kızılırmak River within the limit values in the Control Regulations of the Water Pollution after
they are decontaminated. Thus, there will be no negative change in the temperature of the
river and in its other parameters due to the operations of the ESER Natural Gas Combined
Cycle Power Plant (NGCCPP), and aquatic flora and fauna will not be affected negatively.
The occurrence of noise arising from the machinery and the equipment in the
construction and the operational phases will remain below the limit values of the regulations
as specified in the Acoustic Report prepared.
Due to these precautions to be taken, with the mitigation of the effects on the socioeconomic, physical and biological environment, the benefits in terms of economy which the
mentioned power plant will bring can prevail. The environmental costs can be ignored as the
mentioned facility will be constructed and operated in compliance with all local standards.
292
The Environmental Benefit-Cost Analysis of the Project is given below
Expected
Environmental
Benefits






Expected
Environmental Costs






Clean and reliable energy production
Increase in the level of meeting the energy requirements
increasing continuously
Approximately 6.262 GWh annual electricity energy
production
Providing new employment to the regional population in the
construction and operational phases
Providing social and infrastructural benefits(roads, water,
electricity) to the settlements existing around the project area
Decreasing the outgoing immigration
The use of natural resources (natural gas, water)
Increase in the NOx emission which can be tolerated (in
compliance with the limit value of the regulations)
Occurrence of noise at the tolerable level (there is not any
settlement close to the project area)
Increase in the traffic during the construction
Temporary effect on the flora-fauna
Temporary visual effect during the construction
VIII.3.3
The evaluation of the social effects in connection with the realization
of the project
Simultaneous employment of maximum 1000 personnel is planned during the
construction. Various numbers of staff at various times shall be employed in the construction
camp, and it is projected that the number of the average simultaneously working employees is
500. In the operational phase of the project, approximately 40 workers will be employed. The
personnel to be employed within the scope of the project will preferably be selected from the
persons living in the settlements which are in the project area and its close surroundings. The
staff who will be employed in the project shall be first selected from the persons who reside in
the settlements in the project area and its surroundings. In that case, if the staff coming from
close settlements requires to reside in their own houses and/or if it is suitable in terms of
operational activities, service vehicles may be used for transportation.
The mentioned personnel will be supplied from the regional population whenever
possible, and that will decrease the unemployment and contribute to the revival of the
economy of the region.
In addition to the work health and security trainings, other trainings required such as
relevant professional training and courses taking into account the works they will perform in
the construction and operational phases will be provided to the personnel employed from the
region. Thus, the workers will be qualified.
As road widening and restoration works will be conducted in the project area, the
technical infrastructure conditions of the community living close to the facility will be
advanced.
293
SECTION IX. THE EFFECTS WHICH MAY OCCUR AND CONTINUE AFTER THE
OPERATIONS OF THE FACILITY ARE CLOSED AND THE PRECAUTIONS TO BE
TAKEN AGAINST THOSE EFFECTS
IX.1.
Land Improvement and Reclamation Works
Land organization works will be conducted upon the completion of the construction.
Generally the land improvement works include the area flattening and shaping processes.
Immediately after making the land stable, recreation works will start within a specified
landscape program. The excess excavated material arising during the construction of the
project and the sludge obtained from sedimentation pools will be used in the completion of the
construction, in the land improvement and in the reclamation works.
The Energy Production License of the mentioned project shall be transferred to the
state in accordance with the relevant laws at the end of 49 years which is the duration of the
license or the production will continue by the renewal of the production license.
In connection with the technological developments and the conditions of the day, the
facility may be renewed and the production of electricity may be continued. In case that it is
not possible, the facility will be closed and the land improvement works will start. As a result of
the improvement works to be conducted, the land will be made ready to its new use. In places
where needed, vegetation works suitable to climate conditions will be made.
IX.2.
The Effects on the Underground and Over Ground Water Resources
After the close of the power plant, it will not have any effect on the under ground and
over ground resource. During the land improvement works no material will be accumulated on
the side of the river, no material will be poured to the river bed, no effect will be created in a
way to change the flow of the water. In connection with that, after the close of the operation of
the facility, it is not expected to arise any negative effects on the water resources.
IX.3.
Air Emissions Which may Occur
It is not expected any air emission after the close of the operation of the power plant.
In order to prevent the possibility of the diffusion of a little amount of natural gas to the
atmosphere during the dismantling of the project units, necessary ventilation and cleaning
procedures shall be performed with care.
Additionally, replanting to be made during the land improvement and reclamation
works and the air emission which may occur during the dismantling of the units in the project
area will be held at the minimum level.
294
SECTION X. THE ALTERNATIVES OF THE PROJECT
In this section, the selection of the location, the technology (burning-cooling system),
the comparison of the precautions to be taken and of the alternatives and the ranking
of the preferences will be described.)
Location Selection Criteria and the Alternatives
The land existing within the boundaries of Kırıkkale Province, Yahşihan County, Kılıçlar
Municipality is deemed suitable for the establishment of the mentioned project.
Primarily, the non-existence of the project area in any culture area or area which must
be protected is the most important factor in the selection of this area.
The project area is approximately 80 km from Ankara. During the selection of the project
area, the proximity to Ankara Province was taken into consideration. Hereby, the energy
produced will be able to be transmitted to Ankara and its close surroundings with lower costs.
Additionally, the proximity of the project area to Kızılırmak River which is the water resource
had considerable importance in the selection of the project area.
The natural gas to be used as the fuel during the operation of the power plant shall be
obtained from the Samsun-Ankara Natural Gas Pipe Line. The mentioned line passes next to
the project area from the north of the area. As specified in the section VI.5. of the report, the
natural gas is planned to be supplied from approximately 365+272 Km of the Samsun-Ankara
Line.
The criteria taken into consideration in the selection of the project area are listed below;







Its existence at a remote distance to the settlements
Its proximity to Kızılırmak River
Its proximity to natural gas line
The topographic characteristics of the land
Its connection to the Interconnection System with low costs
The characteristic of the area as a Treasury Land
The requirement of the region for investments and employment
Due to these advantages, no alternative area works have been conducted within the
scope of the project. However, some alternative works have been conducted for the general
placement within the area.
- The conformity of the geometric and the general site plan to the existing environmental
conditions
- The topography of the area
- Visual earth characteristics
295
Alternative placement plans have been studied in the project area selected by taking
these characteristics into consideration. The amount of the excavation and the land
improvement works have been the most important cost criterion for the placement studies of
the project units. Planned Placement Plan is presented in the annex. (See Annex-7)
Burning Alternatives
When the energy production figures in the world are examined, it is observed that the
greatest share belongs to the fossil fuels with 60 %. When energy is obtained as a result of
the burning of the fossil fuels, the products of the burning (gases such as CO 2, NOx and SO2)
based on the fuel type, disperse in the atmosphere as smokestack gases. However, as a
result of the use of some fuels, the smokestack gases may involve flying ash and
hydrocarbons.
For Large Burning Facilities, the NOx emissions which will arise during the burning of
the natural gas in accordance with the Best Available Techniques are lower in comparison
with the other fuels. It is observed in the graphic below that the natural gas produces less NO x
in comparison with the coal and the petroleum.
Primary
fuel
PETROLEUM
COAL
NOx
Emission
(mg/m3
STP, dry)
Natural gas re-burning
Petroleum re-burning
Coal re-burning
Not controlled
Figure 114. The Comparison of the Coal, Petroleum, and Natural Gas Re-burning Fuels
The percents of the use of the fossil fuels such as anthracite, petroleum products,
natural gas, derived gases in accordance with the Best Available Techniques (BAT) among
the Member Countries of the European Union are given.
296
Table 95. The Rates of the Energy Produced in the Facilities with the Fossil Fuels of the Member Countries of the
European Union (1997)
Fuel Type
Total Gross Electricity Energy Production
(GW/s)
Anthracite
471,797
Lignite
183,140
Petroleum Products
185,755
Natural Gas
332,331
Derived Gases
27,793
Other Fuels*
7,707
*Other Fuels: Such as Bitumen, Petroleum Coke, etc.
Total %
39.04
15.16
15.37
27.50
2.30
0.63
In our country, natural gas is used mostly for energy resource. The share of the
natural gas is approximately 38.6 %, the share of the hydroelectricity energy is 30 %, the
share of the lignite and the coal is 13 %, and the share of the wind energy is 0.04 % within the
total energy resources.
Again, within the scope of the investigation conducted among the Member Countries
of the European Union (1990 – 1997), while the natural gas showed approximately an
increase of 134 %, the anthracite decreased approximately in the rate of 14 %.
The reasons why the rate of use of the natural gas in the European Union Countries
increases in that way and why its rate of use is high in our country;
 Natural gas is a non-poisonous gas.
 That the natural gas is a clean fuel provides an important advantage in terms of the
maintenance and the operation of the facility. In case that the fuel-oil or the coal is
burned, the layer of the ash and the soot accumulated on the heating surfaces of the
radiator boilers both corrodes the surfaces and decreases the productivity of the
boilers preventing the passage of the heat.
 Preliminary preparation and storage are not required for the burning of the natural gas:
In case that the natural gas is used, the fuel preparation and the ash disposal
procedures are not required. Both fuel-oil and the coal must be stored.
 The use of the other fuels requires preliminary preparations such as filtering, heating,
breaking and drying. Those increase the costs of the facility. However, in the facilities
of the power plant with the natural gas fuel, such a phase of the preparation of the fuel
is not required. As can be seen in the work flow schema of the facility, the natural gas
will be directly taken to the gas turbine.
 A secure operation is provided with the automatic controls. And this decreases the
operations costs.
 Its thermal efficiency is higher in comparison with the fuel-oil and the coal.
 It is possible to decrease the production of the emission gases in the source in the
Natural Gas Cycle Power plant. The burners producing low NOx will be used in the
mentioned facility.
297
Within the scope of the European Union Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control
Directive (IPPCC), in the Reference Document on the Best Available Techniques for Large
Combustion Plants, it is stated that the dry low NOx preliminary mixing burners (DLN) are the
current best technique, as the current best technique for the decrease of the nitrogen oxides
(NOx), generally in the gas turbines, gas motors and the vapor boilers working with gas. In the
same document, there are water or vapor injection, dry low NOx (DLN) technologies and
selective catalytic reduction (SCR) among the technologies of prevention used in the
reduction of the NOx emissions.
Dry low NOx burners will be used by thinking the advantages in the reduction of the
NOx Emissions within the scope of the mentioned ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power
plant (NGCCPP).
The main characteristic of the dry low NOx burners is the mixture of the air and the
fuel and both burnings occur in two consecutive steps. Before burning, by mixing the air with
the fuel, a low flame degree and a homogenous distribution degree are obtained which result
in the low NOx emissions.
If all cleaning, storage, fuel preparation and ash disposal costs are taken into
consideration, the natural gas cycle power plants provide important gains in both the
investment and the operations costs. According to a study performed, only in operations
costs, a saving of about 1 % of the annual consumption is provided in case that the natural
gas is burned in comparison with the burning of the fuel-oil. That saving will be much higher in
case that it is compared with coal. When the increases in the productivities of the boilers are
taken into consideration, natural gas has been observed to provide at least an additional 10 %
of operational economy in comparison with the other fuels.
The Alternatives of the Cooling System
Some alternative systems were evaluated in the selection of the cooling system to be
used in ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power plant. During the evaluation of those
alternatives, the cost and the productivity of the investment, and the proximity of the area on
which the facility will be established to the water resource are among the other important
parameters.
The systems evaluated during the feasibility studies are;
The Type of the Cooling System
The Cooling Equipment
Once Through Cooling System
 Once Through Cooling System
Circulated Water Cooling System
 Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower
 Natural Draft Cooling Tower
 Air Cooled Condenser
Dry System
298
In the Once Through Cooling System, the water obtained from the water resource is
passed through the vapor condenser and given back to the water resource as heated. No
water consumption or vapor loss occurs within the cooling system. The flow schema of a
typical once through cooling system is shown below;
Thot – Tcold = 6 – 70C (Generally)
Figure 115. Once Through Cooling System
Advantages
High Productivity
Low Installation and Operations Costs
Low Water Consumption
Disadvantages
High Rates of Water Intake
Dragging and Bumping
The increase in the temperature of the discharged
water
In the circulated water cooling system, as in the once through cooling system, the
vapor is condensed and passed through water cooled tubes. However, the cooling water
heated is re-circulated by cooling it in the cooling towers rather than being discharged into the
river. The flow schema of a typical circulated water cooling system is shown below;
299
Figure 116. Circulated Water Cooling System
In the Circulated Water Cooling System, less water is taken in comparison with the
Once Through Cooling System, and the taken water is used in the system by circulating it.
Some of the water is evaporated in the cooling system and some of it is discharged into the
water resource as blow out water. The loss of the evaporated water and the loss of the blow
out water must be compensated from the water resource in the cooling system.
Advantages
Disadvantages
Low Rates of Water Intake
High Investment Costs
Low Dragging and Bumping
Water Consumption/Evaporation Losses
The water obtained from the natural Large Installation Area
environment will be discharged into the
receiving environment after decontamination.
The Requirement for Decontamination
Facility
Low Productivity
The Circulated Water Cooling Systems are classified into two in terms of the circulation
of the air as the natural draft cooling tower and the mechanical draft cooling tower. In the
natural draft cooling tower, the air is circulated by natural convection. And in the mechanical
draft cooling tower, the air is circulated by fans. The advantages of the mechanical draft
cooling towers are listed below;
 When it is thought that they have the same capacity, the mechanical draft cooling
towers cover less area in comparison with the natural draft cooling towers. The reason
of that is that as the volume of the air obtained through the fans is higher, their cooling
capacity is higher.
 Capacity control may be performed in the mechanical draft cooling towers. The
volume of the air existing in the cooling towers may be adjusted by the adjustment of
the speed of the fans. Thus, capacity control is allowed.
300
 Although the natural draft cooling towers have to be established in the open areas, the
mechanical draft cooling towers may be installed in the covered areas.
Despite those advantages, as the fans are used their costs of establishment and
operation are higher.
Dry System
The dry systems are grouped in two as direct and indirect dry systems. In Direct Dry
Systems the exhaust gas going out of the turbines is given to the Dry Type Condenser (ACC).
Hot air is given into the atmosphere. The dry systems may be natural draft and mechanical
draft types as in the wet systems.
Figure 117. The flow schema of the Dry System
Advantages
Disadvantages
Low Amounts of Water Consumption
High Costs of Establishment and Operation
Low Dragging and Bumping
High Productivity Errors
High Air Emissions
Loading Limiting in hot days
Large Establishment Area
301
In the facilities with dry systems, as there will be no use of water in the vapor
condensers, the consumption of water reduces. This kind of systems is generally preferred
when there is not any water resource.
The results of the comparison of the cooling technologies used in the energy power
plants in California in terms of some parameters obtained from the study of the California
Energy Commission which was prepared in 2002 are presented below;
Cooling System Types
Parameters
Water Consumption
Lower
Circulated Water Cooling
System Mechanical Draft
Cooling Tower
8-12 gallons/minute per MWe
The Costs of
Investment
The Costs of
Operations and
Maintenance
Reference
Reference
The maintenance of the pumps, the
Condenser of the Cooling System
It shows variations with the
region, fans/ pump power, water
decontamination, filling the
cooling tower, cleaning of the
condensers
---
Performance Errors
The errors show variations based on
the meteorology of the project area.
Water Intake from
Natural Resource
Approximately 500 gallons/minute
per MWe
Approximately 500 gallons/minute
per MWe
Increase in the temperature of the
discharged water and the residual
chlorine contained in the discharged
water
Discharge
Approximately 10-15
gallons/minute per MWe
Approximately 2-5
gallons/minute per MWe
Air Cooled Condenser
Approximately 0-5 % of the
Mechanical Draft Cooling
System
1.5 – 3 times of the systems
considered as the reference
Expanded cleaning of the
surfaces, the maintenance
of the gear boxes, the power
of the fans
It shows variations with the
region, 5-20 % of capacity
deficiency arises in hot and
windy weathers.
-----
The selection of the cooling system to be used in the projects of natural gas combined
cycle power plant is conducted by taking the following parameters into consideration;
- The Meteorological Conditions of the Project Area
- The Altitude of the Project Area
- The Supply of Water
- The Conditions of Wind
- Regional Environmental Limitations
- Other activities in the region
The costs and the productivity of the investment and the proximity of the area on
which the facility will be established to the water resource are among the other important
parameters during the evaluation of the cooling system alternatives to be used in ESER
Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power plant.
302
Primarily, Once Through Cooling System was taken into consideration, the costs of
investment of which are the lowest and the productivity of which is the highest, since
Kızılırmak River, one of the largest water resources, is in close proximity to the project area.
In addition to the Once Through Cooling System, Circulated Water Cooling System –
Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower is evaluated as a cooling alternative of the mentioned
project.
Once Through Cooling System was not selected within the scope of the project in the
feasibility studies performed because that the amount of the water to be required during the
life of the operation is too high and that it is possible for problems to arise with regard to the
continuous supply of the water in the future when the variable conditions of the climate are
taken into consideration in case that it is established.
In 2000, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency conducted a comparative study of
the environmental impacts of wet vs. dry cooling. Their conclusion was that the energy
consumption per lb. condensate was higher for dry cooling than for wet cooling and that the
atmospheric emissions associated with that energy consumption was also higher. The energy
penalty also increases with the ambient air temperature. These disadvantages are offset by
the cooling water intake flow being reduced by 99% over that required by a once-through
system; or 4-7% over a closed cooling water system. They also noted that dry cooling
eliminates visual plumes, fog, mineral drift and water treatment and waste disposal issues.
However, their conclusion was that, ‘dry cooling does not represent the “best available
technology (BAT)” for minimizing environmental impact’. ( Reference: EPA Rule316(b) New
Facility Rule, Chapter3: Energy Penalties and Chapter4: Dry Cooling, published.EPA(2000) )
Further, the area required by ACC cooling system is larger than that area required to
install Mehanical draft cooling system, therefore, with a Mechanical draft cooling system the
natural habitat of the site is preserved more than with ACC.
Dry cooling has the benefit of eliminating visual plumes, fog, mineral drift, and water
treatment and disposal issues associated with wet cooling towers. The disadvantages of dry
cooling include an increase in noise generation and decrease in efficiency of electricity
generation which lead to an increase in air emissions as compared to wet cooling systems.
Since both dry and wet cooling systems will have impacts on the environment, then
the constraints become economically based and are centered on reliable, cost effective
performance and unit availability.
Due to the above reasons and that their costs of investment are higher and that the
project area is very close to the water resource, the Air Cooled Condenser (ACC) and the
Natural Draft Cooling Tower were not evaluated within the scope of the project.
In the feasibility studies, Once Through Cooling System is not selected due to reason
that continuous supply may create problems by taking into account too high water
requirement and variable climatic conditions .
303
It was detected that lower amounts of water are required in the studies performed for
the Circulated Water Cooling System – Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower in comparison with
the Once Through Cooling System. In that kind of systems, units such as Water Storage Units
are needed to be established which do not exist in other systems. The establishment of those
units causes extra costs. Despite those extra costs, the Mechanical Draft Cooling System has
a lower cost of investment in comparison with the Air Cooled Condenser and with the Natural
Draft Cooling Towers.
And for the Circulated Water Cooling System – Natural Draft Cooling Tower, due to
the reasons of the non-existence of sufficient area and of the non-suitability of the topography
of the project area, the mentioned system was not evaluated in the feasibility studies.
The selection of the Circulated Water Cooling System – Mechanical Draft Cooling
Tower is found to be the most feasible system for the project by taking the feasibility studies
and the literature surveys conducted into consideration, and the Mechanical Draft Cooling
System will be established within the scope of the mentioned power plant.
The use of wet cooling system shall not result on Delta –T increase in the river, both in
the summer and winter months.
304
SECTION XI. THE MITIGATION AND MONITORING PROGRAM AND THE EMERGENCY
ACTION PLAN
XI.1. The Monitoring Program Proposed for the Construction of the Activity, the
Operation of the Activity and the Monitoring Program Proposed for the Post
Operation and the Emergency Intervention Plan
XI.1.1
The Monitoring Program
The main objective in the Monitoring Program to be prepared within the scope of the
project is the determination of the environmental effects in the periods of the construction, the
operation and the post operation of the project, and to inspect that the works are performed in
accordance with the Environmental Laws. The details of the monitoring works within the
scope of the activities of the construction and the operation of the project are given in the
Table 96 and the Table 97 below.
According to Turkish Legislation, during the construction period, monitoring activities
shall be conducted between periods determined by Ministry of Environment and Urban
Planning (once in 3 months, 6 months etc.) for the EIA Report prepared activities. In the
scope of monitoring, monitoring reports are prepared and submitted to the Ministry of
Environment and Urban Planning. These reports will be available in Eser Holding Center
Building and temporary construction site for stakeholders review and conduct their views.
During the operation period, an annual report on environmental and social performance
will be prepared and published in our website.
During the operation phase, emissions, wastewater, noise, treatment plant sludge from
the facility will be measured and monitored in accordance with format and periods mentioned
in the local requirements. These data will be submitted to the Ministry of Environment and
Urban Planning in both audits conducted by the Ministry and within the time limits required by
the legislation.
305
Table 96. The Mitigation and Monitoring Program of the Land Preparation and of the Construction Phase
The Parameter to
be Monitored
The
Historical,
Cultural,
and
Archeological
Assets
The Scraping of
the
Vegetative
Earth
Excavation Works
The Relevant Activity
The Mitigating Precaution
In case that any cultural and
archeological asset is encountered
within the scope of the land preparation
and excavation works, the closest
Museum Directorate or the Directorate
of the Commission of the Protection of
the Cultural and Natural Assets
Taking the vegetative earth over the
surface earth by scraping it in
accordance with its characteristics
How are the scraping and the
excavation procedures performed, the
use and/or the storage of the
excavation materials in a way not to
damage the environment
The immediate stopping of the excavation works, and their continuation under the
scrutiny of the relevant institution and/or with its permission,
Air Emissions
Land Works
Vehicle Emissions
All work machinery and equipments to
be used in all construction activities
beginning from the vehicle organization
phase
The Security of the
Floor
Land preparation
works
and
construction
The storage of the vegetative earth taken by scraping, without mixing it with the
excavation earth in order for it not to lose its characteristics and to use it in the
landscape works,
- In order to prevent the dust clouds during the scraping and the excavation
procedures, performing watering by watering truck,
- The use of the materials obtained from the excavation procedures in filling
procedures,
- The storage of the excess excavation materials without damaging the
surrounding land in accordance with the standards specified in the Control
Regulations of the Excavation Earth, Construction and Wreckage Wastes in the
area which Kılıçlar Municipality showed,
- Performing the loading and the unloading works without making any scattering
during the land works,
- covering loading trucks to prevent dust emissions.
- Improving the roads used when necessary,
- Watering the roads used with watering trucks in order to reduce and minimize the
dust clouds on the roads during the carrying of the materials,
- Holding the upper parts of the materials at 10 % humidity in order to prevent the
dust clouds on the roads during the carrying of the materials,
- Complying with the provisions specified in the Industrial Air Pollution Control
Regulation(IAPCR)
- Performing the regular routine maintenance of all the vehicles to be used,
- Performing the regular exhaust emission measurements of all the vehicles to be
used,
- Complying with the relevant provisions of the Regulations with regard to the
Control of the Emissions of the Exhaust Gases Arising from the Motorized Land
Vehicles Driven in the Traffic,
Taking the projected security and the drainage precautions in order to provide the
security of the floor specified in the Geological/Geotechnical Reports on which the
development plan is based
306
The Duration of the
Monitoring
During
the
land
preparation
and
the
excavation procedures
The Curator
During
the
land
preparation
and
the
During
the
land
preparation
and
the
- The Contractor Firm
During the construction
procedures
procedures
procedures
- The Contractor Firm,
- Museum Directorate,
- Protection Commission
Directorate
307
The Parameter to
be Monitored
Waste water
The use of water having the household
characteristic
The use of water in the ready concrete
facility
Solid Wastes
Creation of the household wastes
Construction and excavation wastes
Package Wastes
Personnel
requirements
construction procedures
Vegetative
Oils
Meeting the dining requirements of the
personnel
- The prevention of throwing wastes in a not controlled way into the surface water resources,
- The use of the washing waste waters going out of the ready concrete facility in the washing
procedures again in the concrete facility and/or as additive water after it is precipitated in the
sedimentation pool,
- The discharge of the household waste waters with their decontamination in the package
waste water decontamination facility and with the compliance with the limit values,
- Complying with the relevant provisions of the Control Regulations of the Water Pollution
and with the minimum limit values
- The accumulation of the household wastes which will occur as a result of meeting the
requirements of the personnel in covered leak proof cases separated from other wastes,
their collection in certain periods by the municipality and their disposals,
- Complying with the relevant provisions of the Control Regulations of the Solid Wastes,
- The separate collection of the recyclable and/or the transformable materials, their reuse
and/or their delivery to the licensed recycling facilities,
- Conducting the analyses of the precipitated sludge and its disposal in accordance with the
results of the analyses
- The separate collection of the Package Wastes which will arise within the scope of the
construction activities from other wastes, the disposal of the collected wastes by delivering
them to licensed firms,
- Preventing them from mixing with other wastes, and preventing their disposal with the
household wastes,
- Preventing their throws into the environment in a not controlled fashion,
- Complying with the relevant provisions of the Control Regulations of the Packages and the
Package Wastes,
- The separate collection of the wastes which will arise while meeting the requirements of the
personnel in leak proof cases, and the disposal of the collected wastes by delivering them to
licensed firms,
- Preventing their throws into the environment in a not controlled fashion,
- Complying with the relevant provisions of the Control Regulations of the Vegetative Waste
Oils,
- Conducting the analyses of all waste oils and motor oils by the authorized laboratories
which will arise from all kinds of machinery and vehicles to be used within the scope of the
construction activities, and their delivery to the licensed firms in order to dispose them in the
Recycling and/or Disposal Facilities in accordance with the results of the analyses,
- Complying with the relevant provisions of the Control Regulations of the Waste Oils,
- Delivering the tires which completed their lives of the vehicles to be used during the
construction works to the licensed disposal facilities,
- Complying with the relevant provisions of the Control Regulations of the Tires Which
Completed Their Lives,
Waste
Waste Oils
The tires
completed
lives
which
their
and
All procedures to be performed in all
construction activities beginning from
the land organization phase and the
work machinery and equipments to be
used in those activities
The work machinery and equipments to
be used in construction activities
beginning from the land organization
phase
308
The Duration of the
Monitoring
During
the
construction
procedures
The Curator
During
construction
procedures
the
- The Contractor
Firm
During
construction
procedures
the
- The Contractor
Firm
During
construction
procedures
the
- The Contractor
Firm
During
construction
procedures
the
- The Contractor
Firm
During
construction
procedures
the
- The Contractor
Firm
- The Contractor
Firm
The Parameter to
be Monitored
Waste
Batteries
and Accumulator
Medicinal Wastes
Personnel Requirements
Noise
All construction activities beginning
from the land organization phase
- Transporting the waste batteries of the vehicles to be used during the construction works to
the collection points or to the temporary storage areas,
- The separate collection of all kinds of waste cells within the framework of the provisions of
the regulations,
- Sending the collected waste cells to the firms which have the License of Collecting the
Waste Cells,
- Complying with the relevant provisions of the Control Regulations of the Waste Cells and
Batteries,
- The medicinal wastes arising from the personnel who will work in the construction phase
will be collected separately from other wastes and in special cases,
- The collected medicinal wastes will be disposed of by signing a medicinal waste disposal
agreement with the relevant municipality,
- Complying with the relevant provisions of the Control Regulations of the Medicinal Wastes,
- Performing the regular maintenance of the equipments to be used in the construction
works,
- Complying with the relevant provisions of the Regulations of the Evaluation and the
Management of the Environmental Noise,
Flora Fauna
Agricultural Areas
Transportation to the area of activity
Excavation procedures
Forest Areas
Meeting
Personnel
Requirements
the
Housing, Infrastructure requirements
- Laying out the vegetative earth again scraped for the preparation of the land during
construction activities and vegetating it in compliance with the natural vegetation,
- Preventing the hunting of the personnel during construction works,
- The clouds of dust will be prevented by watering the gravel roads by watering trucks in
order to prevent the agricultural lands around the road used during the transportation to the
area of the activity be affected negatively.
- During excavation works, the damages to the existing agricultural lands in the region will be
prevented by taking the precautions preventing the clouds of dust (such as watering by the
watering trucks).
- Before the activity, the necessary permissions from Kırıkkale Forest Operation
Chairmanship will be obtained,
- No excess excavation materials will be poured into the forest areas.
- The staff who will be employed in the project shall be first selected from the persons who
reside in the settlements in the project area and its surroundings. In that case, if the staff
coming from close settlements require to reside in their own houses and/or if it is suitable in
terms of operational activities, service vehicles may be used for transportation,
- The establishment of the temporary construction camp for the personnel who will come
from outside,
- Meeting all kinds of infrastructure requirements of the employed personnel by the social
facilities to be constructed in the construction areas,
309
The Duration of the
Monitoring
During
the
construction
procedures
The Curator
During
construction
procedures
the
- The Contractor
Firm
During
construction
procedures
the
- The Contractor
Firm
During
construction
procedures
During
construction
procedures
the
- The Contractor
Firm
the
- The Contractor
Firm
During
construction
procedures
During
construction
procedures
the
- The Contractor
Firm
the
- The Contractor
Firm
- The Contractor
Firm
The Parameter to
be Monitored
Work Health and
Security
- Working in accordance with the provisions of the Regulations of the Health and the
Security in the Construction Works within the scope of the construction works
Transportation
- Complying with the tonnage limitations during the transportation of the materials,
- Complying with the relevant provisions of the Land Ways Traffic Act.
The Duration of the
Monitoring
During
the
construction
procedures
During
the
construction
procedures
The Curator
- The Contractor
Firm
- The Contractor
Firm
Table 97. The Mitigation and Monitoring Program of Operational Phase
The Parameter to
be Monitored
Air Emissions
The smokestack gases arising from the
burning of the natural gas for the
production of the electricity energy
- Performing continuous measurements during the operation of the power plant,
- Holding the emission values below the limit values in the regulations,
- Using dry burners producing low NOx,
- Complying with the relevant provisions of the Regulations of Large Burning Facilities and of
the Control Regulations of the Industry Based Air Pollution.
Waste water
Household waste waters
Process waste waters
- Discharging the waste waters after decontaminating them in the Waste Water
Decontamination Facility arising during the operation of the power plant,
- Discharging the household waste waters after decontaminating them in the Package Waste
Water Decontamination Facility,
During operation
Solid Wastes /
Dangerous Wastes
Household solid wastes
Solid wastes arising from repairs and
maintenances of the operations
Sludge of the decontamination facility
- The accumulation of the household wastes which will occur as a result of meeting the
requirements of the personnel in covered leak proof cases separated from other wastes,
their collection in certain periods by the municipality and their disposals,
- Complying with the relevant provisions of the Control Regulations of the Solid Wastes,
- The separate collection of the recyclable and/or the transformable materials, their reuse
and/or their delivery to the licensed recycling facilities,
- Conducting the analyses of the precipitated sludge and its disposal in accordance with the
results of the analyses,
During operation
Packing Wastes
Personnel requirements and operating
activities
- Ensuring that Packing Wastes that shall come into existence within scope of Operating
Activities are collected separately from other wastes, ensuring collected wastes are
disposed of by giving them to licensed firms.
- Preventing them to be mixed up with other wastes, preventing them from being disposed
of with domestic wastes,
- Preventing them from being thrown away to environment uncontrollably,
- Abiding by the relevant provisions of Directive on Control of Packing and Packing Wastes
- To deliver waste oils and motor oils that shall come into existence due to all kinds of
machines and equipments to be used within scope of operating activities to licensed firms
310
The Duration of
the Monitoring
During operation
During operation
The Curator
Farcan
Energy
Generation
Corporation
Provincial
Environment
and
Urbanization
Directorates
Farcan
Energy
Generation
Corporation
Provincial
Environment
and
Urbanization
Directorates
Farcan
Energy
Generation
Corporation
- Farcan Energy
Generation Inc. Co.
Farcan Energy
Generation Inc. Co.-
Waste Oils
Waste
Batteries
and Accumulators
Noise
Engineering vehicles and equipments
at operation stage.
at operation stage.
at operation stage.
in order to ensure that they are analyzed by Authorized laboratories and disposed of in
Recycling and/or Disposal facilities in accordance with results of analysis,
- Abiding by the relevant provisions of Directive on Waste Oil Control
- To provide that waste accumulators to come into existence due to vehicles to be used
during operating stage are taken away to collecting points or to temporary storage areas,
- To provide that all kinds of waste batteries to come into existence within scope of
operating activities are collected separately within frame of provisions of directives,
To ensure that collected waste batteries are delivered to firms having Waste Battery
Collection License.
- To abide by relevant provisions of Directive on control of Waste Battery and Accumulators
- Getting equipments to be used during operation maintained regularly,
- Abiding by the relevant provisions of Directive on Evaluation and Management of
Environmental Noise and ensuring limit values.
311
During operation
During operation
During operation
Provincial
Directorates
of
Environment
and
Urban Planning,
Farcan Energy
Generation Inc. Co.Provincial
Directorates
of
Environment
and
Urban Planning,
Farcan
Energy
Generation Inc. Co.Provincial
Directorates
of
Environment
and
Urban Planning,
Emergency Response Plan
Details of “Emergency Action Plan” which is prepared separately for each emergency
cases in a way to comprise all kinds of construction activities and operating stage afterwards
within project for the emergency cases that might occur as a result of any kinds of natural
disasters and accidents are given in this section in order to keep all damages from these
emergencies at the lowest level.
All personnel should be informed of the emergency cases and things to do in order
that the works in the Emergency Action Plan are performed properly when necessary. Beside
special trainings to be provided to teams that shall be tasked in emergencies, all personnel
working in construction and operating stages shall be trained on "Emergency Practices"
subject. Also, "Emergency Exercises" shall be performed periodically for the purpose of
measuring and stepping up impact values of these trainings. Emergency action plan shall be
hanging on "Quality and OHS" boards in order that personnel can read at any time; the
persons involved in this plan and phone numbers shall be written and shall be kept up-todate.
An "Emergency Assembly Area" shall be designated in working area where all
workers shall be able to gather via shortest way in case of an emergency. Also, guide signs
that shall ensure finding this area easily, and a big signboard indicating this area shall be
placed in working site. "Emergency Evacuation Plan" shall be drawn, also how to leave the
area in case of emergency shall be conveyed to workers and these plans shall be hanged on
certain places of working area. An "Emergency Alarm System" shall be installed in facility at
operating stage and personnel shall be informed of its usage.
"Emergency Requirement Kits" which contain materials to be used in emergencies
shall be placed in certain points of working site. These boxes shall be controlled periodically.
1. Teams of Emergency Action Plan and Their Responsibilities
Within frame of Emergency Action Plan, every personnel affected from emergency
has certain responsibilities. Details and tasks of teams to be formed coordinately for
emergencies are given below.
1.a. Crisis Desk:
1. Ensures that a panic situation does not develop, calms down the ambience and puts
the emergency plan into action by managing the emergency with very quick
assessments.
2. General Manager presides over the Managerial Staff. He is charged in crisis desk and
he provides the coordination of crisis desk. In case of an emergency, he immediately
goes to Crisis Center.
3. A person responsible for administrative affairs is responsible for emergency roll call.
4. Crisis desk directs and administers the other teams.
5. Provides inter-team coordination.
6. Decides that the emergency is ended.
312
313
1.b. Response Teams:
1. Respond with necessary equipments to the places where they decide they can
respond to.
2. A leader is selected from response teams. This leader gives necessary
information by calling important numbers such as 110 and 112.
3. Response teams receive instructions from their leaders.
4. 2-3 response teams can be organized if needed.
5. They maintain security and pave the way for rescue teams.
6. Response teams are selected from trained personnel.
1.c. Rescue Teams:
1. Members of this team are comprised of specially trained persons. These persons
go to Crisis Center immediately when an emergency occurs, give their roll call
there and they are managed from there. First Aid Teams are also involved in
rescue teams.
2. Rescue team is tasked by Crisis Desk. Rescue teams are selected from trained
personnel.
3. Feasibility of rescue works are determined after reporting of "hazard assessment"
studies to be performed urgently by these teams.
4. They start rescue works going to the place determined by Crisis Center by
special equipments.
5. They bring adequate material bags, gunnysacks and blankets to emergency
area.
6. In case of emergency, they rescue living creatures first, if any.
7. In case of emergency, they carry first "THE FIRST TO BE RECOVERED IN
FIRE" labeled, then respectively "RED, BLUE GREEN" labeled documents and
goods to an area free of fire danger yet.
8. While recovering materials, a safety corridor is formed starting from the
flammable materials closest to emergency area.
9. They deliver rescued goods to guard team.
10. They report their works to Crisis Center.
1.d. First Aid Team:
1. First Aid Team is selected from trained personnel who have received "Basic First
Aid Certificate".
2. They prepare materials for the wounded persons.
3. They prepare stretcher and medicine for carrying the wounded persons.
4. They perform necessary first response to the wounded persons.
5. They help health personnel coming to incident scene.
1.e. Company Guard Teams:
1. They are teams of 2-4 persons comprised of maintainers and manufacture,
quality etc personnel knowing critical facilities. Company Guard Teams are
selected from trained personnel.
2. Team leaders convey information about the points to consider during works.
3. They start their works by instruction from Crisis Center.
4. They provide security of the materials recovered from the fire.
5. They do not allow anyone to come closer to their place.
6. They prevent panic and chaos.
314
7.
8.
They do not allow delivery of material to anyone except authorized persons until
damage assessment is performed, they deliver materials by signature.
When the works are ended, they submit their observations to Crisis Center by
relevant forms.
2. Things to do in Emergencies
Possible emergency cases and things to do in these cases are explained in details
below.
2.1. General
In any emergency case;
1. Stay calm and try to understand what has happened.
2. Start "Emergency Alarm" if available.
3. Try to keep away from the materials that are possible to harm you.
4. Try to go to the Emergency Assembly Area as stated in Emergency Evacuation
Plan.
5. Secure your head and face assuredly.
6. Turn off power switch in case of fire and flood when leaving your place. Never
use elevators.
7. Act in accordance with the information to be given by the crisis desk.
2.2. Earthquake
Measures to be taken;
1. Indoor furniture in working area that are possible to tumble down and fall shall be
fixed.
2. Flammable materials and chemical substances shall be stored as caps closed
and in a way not to tumble down.
3. A list of machines to stop operation and valves to be turned off first in case of an
earthquake shall be prepared.
315
Things to do in emergency cases are given below as flow chart;
Personnel staying indoors shall wait earthquake to end in safe places such as under or near
table, near armchairs and coaches etc; while personnel outdoors shall wait in a place as far
as possible from buildings.

After earthquake ended, the machines in the list are stopped operating and necessary
response is applied to the valves and switches to be turned off.

Should go to emergency assembly area as stated in emergency evacuation plan.

Crisis desk ensures that everybody is assembled in a safe place, builds up required teams
very urgently and dispatches them to their tasks.

In case of any damage Response Teams inform Ambulance Emergency and Fire
Department. Controls whether any human being is under wreckage. Informs Rescue Teams
about detected wounded persons.

First Aid teams detect the wounded persons and perform necessary first response.
Afterwards, dispatches them to the nearest healthcare organization.

Rescue teams recover the wounded persons that can be freed from the wreckage at once.

After detecting that the working area is safe, damage assessment in critical points are
performed first, and situations posing danger are identified primarily and necessary
measures are taken.

316
2.3. Fire
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Automatic fire alarm-extinguisher system shall be installed in facility; personnel shall
be trained on its periodic maintenances and usage.
Fire extinguishers shall be checked once in a month, shall be ensured to be full and
clean, their locations shall be indicated on the plan and shall never be changed.
Any work shall not be performed by using heat source near inflammable materials
that might cause fire; cigarette shall never be smoked.
Personnel shall be trained on usage and locations of fire extinguishers and they shall
be provided to be applied in exercise.
Attention shall be paid to overheating that might occur due to continuously working or
working with friction of any machine.
Fire safety precautions shall be taken against works that might spark such as
welding/cutting etc. If there is any inflammable material around, these operations shall
not be performed in that place.
Exterior surfaces of machines shall be kept oil-free and clean.
Damaged power outlets and spliced cables shall not be allowed in working site,
offices and rooms.
Inflammable, combustible material shall not be placed over, near stoves, radiators
and other heating devices in offices, barracks and dormitories.
Electric furnaces, ventilators and other electric instruments shall be turned off,
plugged out at the end of work day.
Electric stoves, electric furnaces and ironer, furnaces of gasoline, spirit, gas and liquid
gas shall not be used in rooms other than laboratory, restaurant, laundry, canteen
and workshops as required by service.
Principally automatic fuses shall be used in indoor electric installation of buildings.
Care shall be taken when performing heat treatment indoors..
All kinds of warning signs, instructions shall be complied with.
Fire shall never be started in and around working site in no case.
Attention shall be paid to workplace cleaning to prevent fire outbreak.
Inflammable liquids shall be kept in special vessels.
Care shall be taken for closed vessels containing oxygen are not oiled. Oxygen in
pressure vessel fulminates when combined with oil.
Fire fighting drill shall be conducted once a year, trainings shall be given on subjects
of, which extinguishers shall be used in which type of fire.
Fire hoses shall not be used for works other than fire.
317
Things to do in emergency case are given below as flow chart;
In case fire is small, the person who sees fire first shall intervene to fire with the closest fire
extinguisher or hose. If fire is so big not to be extinguished by this way, "Fire Alarm" is
started.

If fire is so big not to be extinguished by personally, should move away from fire place, Fire
Department, Hızır Emergency and crisis desk teams are informed.



Machines stated in the list are stopped operating and necessary response is applied to the
valves and switches to be turned off. Rescue Teams are informed of the detected wounded
persons.

Rescue teams try to save first living creatures, then documents and goods in order of
priorities without endangering their own life safety.

First Aid teams detect the wounded persons and perform necessary first responses.

If fire cannot be stopped and continues to grow, other facilities around are informed.

measures are taken.
318
2.4. Flood and Inundations
Measure to be taken;
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Water drainage and sewerage systems in working site shall be controlled periodically.
Chemical substances the contact with water of which is dangerous shall be stored in
high places as caps closed.
Points having high potential of flood shall be identified, working area and facilities
shall be installed in a place that is higher than overflow level.
A separate Emergency Assembly area shall be designated for flood disaster if
necessary. This area shall be selected from the highest points of working area and
facility.
Flood warnings shall be followed-up in intense precipitation seasons; "Flash Flood
Observation" shall be performed on a high point designated previously.
319
"Emergency Alarm" is started as a result of warning given from flash flood observation.

valves and switches to be turned off.

Should go to emergency assembly area that is designated for flood as stated in emergency
evacuation plan. Personnel who are under ground floor are evacuated primarily.


Rescue teams try to save first living creatures, then documents and goods in order of
priorities without endangering their own life safety.

Should wait in emergency assembly area until flood situation is over.


measures are taken.

320
2.5. Natural Gas Leakage
1.
2.
3.
4.
Entrance to areas where natural gas pipes and pressure stations are located shall be
prohibited except for authorized personnel. These areas shall be isolated by wire
fence etc. materials if necessary.
Cigarette shall not be smoked and fire shall not be started inside the facility in no
case.
Detectors shall be located in places considered necessary for detecting gas leakages
and they shall be maintained periodically.
Valves to be intervened in emergency and by whom they shall be turned off shall be
determined in advance.
"Emergency Alarm" is started when natural gas leakage is detected. Indoor windows and
doors are opened.

valves and switches to be turned off.



Response Teams detect the gas leaking point with necessary equipment and turn off the
valve throttling the leaking gas.

Should wait in emergency assembly area until natural gas in ambience is dissolved
completely.

Afterwards, dispatch them to the nearest healthcare organization.

measures are taken.
321
2.6. In case of accident
The following measures will be taken in case of an emergency such as accident:
1. The plant operation shall be shut down immediately.
2. Local and relevant authorities shall be notified immediately,
3. Necessary actions and measures to be taken based on the nature of the accident
which have to take in consideration minimizing any negative impact on the river water
ecology.
XI.2. In Case EIA Positive Certificate is Given, Program With Respect to Execution of
Matters Involved in Fourth Paragraph of "Obligations of Institutions/Organizations
That Received Certificate of Competency" Heading in Competency Communiqué
Environmental impacts of ESER (NGCCP) project that might happen at construction
and operating stages are analyzed in details in relevant sections. Points to take into
consideration and measures to be taken for the purpose of protecting environmental and
human health are explained in details to in the analyses carried out within scope of the
project.
Main objectives of Monitoring Program to be established within scope of the project
are determination of environmental impacts during construction and operating stages of
project and overseeing that works are performed in accordance with Environmental
Legislation. Details of monitoring works within scope of operating and construction activities
of the project are given in the tables under Heading XI.1.
Within scope of Competency Certificate Communiqué, "Obligations of
Institutions/Organizations That Received Certificate of Competency" heading, Paragraph 4;
Investment Construction Stage Monitoring-Control Form for Commitments Made in EIA
Reports in Annex-4 of this Communiqué shall be filled and submitted to Ministry in
monitoring-control periods stated in Final EIA Report.
322
SECTION XII. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
(How and with which methods locals who shall probably be affected by the project are
informed, community's opinion about the project, comments on subject)
Public Participation Meeting date was determined as 03.06.2011 and Determination
of Scope and Summary Format Meeting date was determined as 09.06.2011 by Ministry of
Environment and Forestry.
"Public Participation Meeting" in line with 9. Article of directive on Environmental
Impact Assessment within scope of project was held in City Tavern of Kılıçlar Municipality;
meeting place was determined together with Kırıkkale Provincial Directorate of Environment
and Urban Planning.
Locals Who Shall Probably Affected by the Project
The settlement that is closest to the project site is Hacıbalı Village which is located at
a distance of around 2.000 m. Apart from this, there are Irmak Municipality at a distance of
around 3.000, Kılıçlar Municipality which is located at a distance of around 5.000 m and
Yahşihan Municipality at a distance of around 6.000 m.
People living in these settlements are selected as locals who shall probably affected
by the project at construction and operating stages of the project, and date, time and place of
Public Participation Meeting are announced by methods such as newspaper, municipality
announcement system and manual delivery of notice publications.
Methods Used For Public Participation in EIA Process
Public Participation Meeting that is held for Participation of Public in EIA process is
announced in a local and national newspaper within the scope of provisions of Directive on
Environmental Impact Assessment 9. Article. Announcement Text of Public Participation
Meeting which was held within the scope of subject project was published on Hürriyet
Newspaper on the date of 18.05.2011.
323
Local Gazette Anouncement
(18.05.2011)
Public Participation Meeting Anouncement
International Gazette Anouncement
(18.05.2011)
ANNOUNCEMENT
In the pursuant to the article 9 of EIA Regulation published
on the Official Gazette dated 17.02.2008 and numbered
26939, Public Participation Meeting is scheduled to take local
people’s opinions and suggestions. Meeting information is
provided in the following.
Meeting Point
Kırıkkale City, Yahşihan County,
Kılıçlar Municipality Coffee House
Date
Time
03.06.2011
2.00 pm
Company Preparing EIA Report
Eser Project and Engineering Co. Inc.
Turan Güneş Bulvarı Cezayir Caddesi 718. Sokak No:14
Yıldız/ANKARA
Tel: 0312 408 00 00 Fax: 0312 408 00 10
ANNOUNCED TO THE PUBLIC SINCERELY
Project Owner
FARCAN ENERGY GENERATION CO. INC
Figure 118. Announcement Text of Public Participation Meeting and Newspaper Announcements
324
Besides publishing the announcement text on newspaper, it was announced both via
speaker and municipality notice boards by Yahşihan and Irmak Municipalities and via
speaker system by Kılıçlar Municipality. Also, announcement text was delivered by hand to
Hacıbalı Village headman.
Concerns, Opinions/Suggestions of Public about Project and Considerations
Public Participation Meeting with respect to EIA Process was held in City Tavern of
Kılıçlar Municipality on the date of 03.06.2011 at 14.00. Pictures of meeting are given below.
325
Figure 119. General View from Public Participation Meeting -1
326
Figure 120. General View from Public Participation Meeting -2
327
EIA Branch Chief from Kırıkkale Provincial Department of Environment and Forestry
presided over the Public Participation Meeting that was held within the scope of subject
project. After the opening speech by the chairman a presentation about subject project that
was explaining the facility and the environmental impacts of the facility was given to the
participants.
Authorities from Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources General Directorate of
Mineral Research and Exploration, Ministry of Environment and Forestry General Directorate
of State Meteorology Affairs, Provincial Special Administration of Kırıkkale, and Provincial
Directorate of Health of Kırıkkale participated in Public Participation Meeting.
General means of livelihood of local community are agriculture and stockbreeding.
Therefore, the main concern of public was about whether their agricultural lands would get
damaged or not. Another concern of local community was whether employment opportunity
would be offered to locals.
Repeating the environmental impacts of subject project, necessary information on all
measures to be taken within this scope was given. Additionally, it was stated that the
personnel who would be employed both in construction and operating phases of the project
would be provided from local community in general.
328
SECTION XIII.
NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY OF INFORMATION GIVEN UNDER
HEADINGS ABOVE.
(Explanation, as simple as possible, in a way not to include technical terms and with
simplicity that people will understand, of all works planned to be performed at
construction and operating phases of the project and all measures set forth to be
taken for environmental impacts)
Within the scope of subject project, ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant of 835
MWe installed capacity is planned to be operated on an area of approximately 227.000 m2
on parcel 6, block 103 within the municipal boundaries of Kırıkkale Province Yahşihan
District Kılıçlar Municipality.
Necessary applications to Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EPDK) were made for
receiving License for Establishing Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant and Electricity
Generation within the scope of the project.
Also a ready mixed concrete plant of 100 m3/hour capacity for using at construction
stage is stipulated within the scope of the project. The aggregate materials required for
production of subject ready mixed concrete shall be purchased as ready from market. Ready
Mixed Concrete Plant shall be used during construction period and shall be closed after
completion of construction stage.
Within the scope of activities which are subject to project, at construction stage,
installation operations of units are planned to continue for almost 18 months, however,
another part of construction operations such as equipment assembly operations are planned
to be completed within almost 12 months; and total construction period is set forth as 30
months accordingly.
Within the scope of activity which is subject to project, construction stage is set forth
as approximately 30 months and various disciplines such as construction, electrics and
mechanics shall work together throughout construction period. Maximum 1.000 personnel
are planned to be employed at the same time during construction period. Different numbers
of personnel shall work in different times on site and the average number of employers
working at a time is set forth as 500. A great part of the personnel to be employed shall be
provided from local community.
Energy Generation License shall be handed over to the state after 49 years according
to the relevant legislation or generation shall be continued by renewing the generation
license.
Energy Transmission Line of 380 kV should be installed in order to connect the
Electric Power that shall be generated in ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant to
National Interconnected System.
329
The electric power to be generated within the scope of the project shall be connected
to the system with the switchyard to be installed near the plant. Necessary applications to
Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation (TEİAŞ) were made for the Energy
Transmission Line (ETL) of 380 kV which is planned to be constructed and for connection.
Negotiations with TEİAŞ related to the matter is going on, and in developing process,
EIA process shall be started by making necessary applications to Ministry of Environment
and Urban Planning within the scope of Energy Transmission Lines.
Application to EPDK (Energy Market Regulatory Authority) has been made for
receiving license within scope of project, and following the completion of EIA Process,
necessary application for issuing of Energy Generation License shall be made to EPDK.
Subject project has a total Installed capacity of 835 MWe, and energy generation of
6.262 GWh per annual is planned.
Depending on developing technology and improvement of requirements and
expectations of people, in average 5-8% yearly increase is expected in electricity energy
demand in Turkey. In order to meet subject demand energy generation in Turkey is of great
importance. Subject project shall contribute to meeting electricity energy demand of Turkey,
and is a project of public interest.
Environmental impacts arisen from construction activities shall be a matter during
construction works of subject project. These are;
Impacts originating from excavation works,
Impacts to arise from meeting personnel requirements,
Impacts to arise from engineering equipments.
All issues stated in Environment Legislation shall be complied with in order to
minimize the environmental impacts to occur during works.
The main environmental impact during excavation works is generation of dust
emission. Necessary dust proofing measures shall be taken during working and
transportation of excavation wastes in order to decrease dust emissions and to prevent it
from damaging environment.
Solid wastes which shall be originated from personnel and shall be recyclable shall be
recycled, and non-recyclable wastes, however, shall be ensured to be disposed off at
Municipal Dumpsite.
Waste waters to be generated during construction stage however, shall be
discharged after treated in waste water treatment facility to be constructed.
330
Noise, exhaust emission and waste oil originating from engineering equipments are a
matter at hand. Oil wastes to be generated shall be recycled by collecting them in impervious
separate vessels and shall be prevented from being given to receiving environment
uncontrolledly in no case.
Work equipments to be used for decreasing noise and exhaust emissions shall be get
maintained and checked periodically.
Impacts to occur during operating stage of facility however, are listed below;
Flue gas emissions,
Wastewater,
Solid wastes.
The main environmental impact to occur as a result of combustion of natural gas
during operating stage of the facility is generation of NOx gas. Dry Low NOx Burner Gas
Turbine is preferred within the scope of the project for preventing NOx generation, and it is
one of the best known combustion technologies.
All wastewaters (industrial, domestic) to be generated at facility during production
stage shall be discharged by meeting the discharging standards after treated in treatments
systems.
The solid wastes to be generated, however, shall be collected at different impervious
vessels according to their class, and recyclable ones also shall be collected in the same
manner and shall be ensured to be disposed off in compliance with the respective
Environment Legislation.
331
SECTION XIV.
RESULTS
(Summary of all explanations made, a general assessment in which important
environmental impacts of project is listed and which states to what extend success
might be ensured in preventing negative environmental impacts in case project is
realized, selection between alternatives within the scope of project and reasons for
these choices)
Within the scope of the project, ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant which has
a planned electricity output power of 835 MWe installed capacity under current site
conditions, is planned to be operated by Farcan Energy Generation Inc. Co. on an area of
around 227.000 m2 on 103 block, 6 parcel within boundaries of Kırıkkale Province Yahşihan
District Kılıçlar Municipality.
Necessary applications were made to Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EPDK) for
receiving Licenses for Installing Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant and Electricity
Generation within the scope of the project.
The plant electricity output power of subject project is of 835 MWe Installed capacity
and annual energy generation of 6.262 GWh per annual is planned. Taking it 2% over
electricity output power, the plant mechanical output power is calculated as 835 MWe x 1,02
= 851,7 MWm. Thermal power is calculated by taking the lowest turbine cycle yield value as
%37.23. 2 units of gas turbine are stipulated within the scope of the project and power of
each one is 270.7 MW. Thermal output power is calculated as around (270.7x2)/0.3723 =
1,454.2 MWt accordingly. In the project scope, steam turbine is 293.6 MW. Turbine output
power is calculated as 907 MWe, 907 MWe*1.02 = 925.14 MWm, 1.578 MWt based on ISO
Standards.
Additionally, a ready mixed concrete plant of 100 m3/hour capacity is stipulated in
order to be used at construction stage within the scope of the project. The aggregated
material required for production of subject ready mixed concrete shall be purchased from
market as ready. Temporary construction camp and Ready Mixed Concrete Plant shall be
installed on a suitable place within activity area. Ready Mixed Concrete Plant shall be used
during construction period and shall be closed upon completion of construction stage.
Subject project:
- ANNEX-1, Article 2. a. Thermal power plants: Thermal power plants having
total thermal power of 300 MWt (Megawatt thermal) or more and other combustion
systems,
- ANNEX-2, Article 19. Ready mixed concrete plants having production capacity of
100 m³/hour or more, plants producing formed materials by using cement or other bonding
substances, plants producing pre-tensioning concrete element, gas concrete, betopan and
similar.
which are included in the annex of Directive on Evaluation of Environmental Impact
which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 17.07.2008 no.
26939.
332
Additionally provision stating that “In case of planning of an integrated project
comprising more than one project subject to this directive, single Environmental Impact
Assessment Application File is requested to be prepared for integrated project by Ministry” is
included in 25th article of the same directive. As per 25th Article of the directive, “”Eser Natural
Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant and Ready Mixed Concrete Plant” are considered as an
Integrated Project and EIA Report is prepared.
Within the scope of activities which are subject to project, at construction stage,
installation operations of units are planned to continue for almost 18 months, however,
another part of construction operations such as equipment assembly operations are planned
to be completed within almost 12 months; and total construction period is set forth as 30
months accordingly.
Ready Mixed Concrete Plant where production of concrete to be used in construction
stage of project shall be installed in Temporary construction camp. Ready Mixed Concrete
Plant shall be used during construction period and shall be closed upon completion of
construction stage.
Energy Generation License shall be handed over to the state after 49 years, which is
its period, according to the relevant legislation or generation shall be continued by renewing
the generation license.
Energy Transmission Line of 380 kV should be installed in order to connect the
Electric Power that shall be generated in ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant to
National Interconnected System.
The electric power to be generated within the scope of the project shall be connected
to the system with the switchyard to be installed near the plant. Necessary applications to
Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation (TEİAŞ) were made for the Energy
Transmission Line (ETL) of 380 kV which is planned to be constructed and for connection.
The opinion of TEİAŞ about route is in annex. (See. Annex-1)
Having 2x3 bundle 1272 MCM conductor of approximately 25 km long, and having 3
bundle 1272 MCM conductor of about 30 km long planned ETL of 380 kV voltage shall start
from switchyard that shall be installed near Eser Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant and
shall be connected to Kayaş Substation which is included in TEİAŞ investment plan and
subsequently shall be connected to existing Gölbaşı Substation.
Kayaş Substation is at planning stage at the moment, construction of subject
transformation station is under obligation of TEİAŞ.
Another connection point shall be Kırıkkale Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant. It
shall be connected to this point with an ETL of 380 kV voltage, 1272 MCM conductor 3
bundle and approximately 8 km long.
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The settlement closest to the project site is Hacıbalı Village which is located at a
distance around 2 km of northeast of the facility.
Detailed information related to the location and distance of other settlements around
project site is given below in Table 4.
Table 4. The Closest Settlements' Information
Settlement
Its Location with Reference to Project Site
Approximate Distance (m)
Hacıbalı Village
Northeast
2.000
Irmak Municipality
Northwest
3.000
Southwest
5.000
Southeast
6.000
Kırıkkale
Southeast
8.000
Kırıkkale Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant belonging to GAP Petrol Gaz İth. ve Pzr.
San. ve Tic. A.Ş. is located to the northeast of the project site at a distance of around 6.5 km,
and Central Anatolia Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant belonging to İç Anadolu Doğalgaz
Elektrik Üretim ve Ticaret A.Ş. is located to the southeast at a distance of around 16 km.
Subject project shall be founded on around 150.000 m2 on an area of around 227,000
m2 on 103 block, 6 parcel, within boundaries of Yahşihan District Kılıçlar Municipality.
Landscape work shall be made on other sections of the land and shall be used as
recreation area.
ESER Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant investment value is estimated as 740 000
000 $. Some part of the investment value shall be provided from equity capital while some
part shall be provided by way of getting credit from banks.
Below, cost breakdown of 740 .000.000 $, which is the investment value, according to
the operations to be performed is given.
Total Project Budget
(x106) $
%
Engineering, Acquisition, Construction Costs
Unexpected Costs of Proprietor
First Inventory & Operational Capital
Project Development Costs & Payments
Proprietor's & Other Costs
Cost Overrun
Energy Transmission Line Costs
VAT
Financing Cost
Stamp Duty
BSMV (Banking and Insurance Transaction Tax)
Pre-Financing Reserve Account
Income Taxes
513
24
19
29
33
19
25
74
1
3
-
69,3%
3,2%
2,6%
4,1%
4,4%
0,0%
2,6%
3,5%
9,8%
0,1%
0,4%
0,0%
0,0%
334
740
Operational Capital
Total Usage
0,0%
100,0%
Within the scope of the project activity, starting from land arrangement construction
stage and foundation of units works are d-set forth to be completed within 30 months, and
various disciplines such as construction, electric, mechanic etc. shall work together during
construction period. Concrete Plant shall be operated during this period. Maximum 1.000
personnel are planned to be employed at one and the same time. Different number of
personnel shall work on Temporary construction camp on different times and average
number of employers working at a time is set forth as 500 persons.
A Construction camp shall be established within project site in order to be used during
construction activities; and dining hall, kitchen, locker room, shower, toilet, lavatory,
warehouse and technical offices for all kind of technical, social and infrastructural
requirements of personnel who shall be employed within the scope of the project shall be
located in subject Temporary construction camp.
Personnel to be employed within the scope of the project shall be preferred primarily
from the settlements from project site or its proximity. Therefore, in case personnel from
proximity settlements demand to stay in their own domiciles and/or in case this is suitable for
construction activities, transportation can be performed by shuttle vehicles.
Concrete Plant to be used at construction stage within the scope of the project shall
also be established in Temporary construction camp. Ready Mixed Concrete Plant shall be
used during construction period and shall be closed upon completion of construction stage.
Annually, 1.109 m3 of natural gas shall be consumed as fuel in electric power
generation within the scope of the project. The fuel to be used shall be supplied from BOTAŞ
Natural Gas Pipeline.
Route pre-survey on land for natural gas supply to RMS-A which shall be established
for ESER NGCCPP was performed on the date of 18.05.2011 by participation of authorities
from BOTAŞ Ankara Branch Office, Land Construction and Expropriation Department and
Farcan Energy Generation Inc. Co., and the minute in the annex was taken (See Annex-8).
As stated in the minute, pipeline shall end at RMS-A that shall be established (as a
result of revised land route survey to be made after determining RMS-A location
conclusively) on one of 2 alternative points by means of making Hot-Tap from a suitable
point at around 365+272 Km of 48” Samsun-Ankara Natural Gas Pipeline which is passing
nearby the project site.
There shall not be any expropriation since all pipeline route remains within the project
site. In case location of valve which shall be installed on the point to be hot-tapped remains
out of project site, this place shall be expropriated. It shall hand over the easement on land
title of the section where pipeline is passing to BOTAŞ without charge after preparation of
expropriation files following EIA process and get them certified by cadastre.
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Security and Environment Directive on Construction and Operation of BOTAŞ Crude
Oil and Natural Gas Pipeline Facilities shall be abided by during construction of pipeline.
EIA Examination and Evaluation Form and Stand Map received from Kırıkkale
Forestry Operation Department are presented in the annex (See Annex-3). Subject project
site stays in forestland as stated there, and the permits shall be obtained accordance with
the Article 17/3 which is in the Forestry Law before commencing any activities on the land.
However, in the land surveys forest existence was not encountered on subject site. Its
natural flora was observed as steppe. Additionally, according to Environmental Plan, project
site is on meadow pasture area. It was stated in the letter of Kırıkkale Provincial Special
Administration that project site is located on meadow-pasture area in Environmental Plan,
and there is no inconvenience provided that provisions of Environmental Plans, applicable
laws and directives are abided by and permissions are received from relevant organizations.
Before starting construction works, land arrangement works shall be performed on
operation site, and construction works shall be started afterwards. Approximately 800.000
m3 of excavation work shall be performed on operation site during land arrangement and
construction works, approximately 650.000 m3 part of excavated soil shall be used in filling
work. Additionally, about 66.000 m3 of material shall be supplied from market in order to be
used in filling work. About 66.000 m3 of excess excavation material to come out shall be
hauled and stored in a suitable area shown by Kılıçlar Municipality. Excessive excavation
material that can not be used in land arrangement will be disposed according to Regulations
on Control of Excavation Soil, Construction and Demolition Work Wastes provisions.
Provisions of "Directive on Control of Industrial Air Pollution" which was published in
the Official Gazette with number 27277 and dated 03.07.2009 and took effect shall be abided
by during haulage, loading and storage of excavation soil on project site. Loading and
unloading shall be performed without scattering; trucks' tops shall be covered by canvas, and
in case needed, water shall be sprayed to prevent dusting. Within this scope, it shall be
ensured that all haulages are performed as closed. Also, provisions of "Directive on Control
of Soil and Punctual Contaminated Areas" which was published in the Official Gazette dated
08.06.2010 with number 27605 and entered into force shall be abided by.
Dust emissions shall be generated from activities that shall be performed at
construction stage of ESER NGCCPP. Mass flow value calculations of dust that is expected
to originate from construction works of the facility were evaluated according to the principles
of IAPCR Annex 2, Table 2.1, dust modelling were performed for the activities in which dust
emissions exceed 1 kg/hour limit value by using AERMOD. Modelling results is provided in
the relevant part of the report. Industrial Air Pollution Control which was published in the
Official Gazette with number 27277 and dated 03.07.2009 and Directive on Air Quality
Evaluation and Management which was published in the Official Gazette dated 06.06.2008
and numbered 26898 and Directive about Making Amendment on Directive on Air Quality
Evaluation and Management which was published in the Official Gazette dated 05.05.2009
numbered 27219 provisions will be complied in the project scope.
Within the scope of project activity, construction stage is set forth as around 30
months, various disciplines such as construction, electric, mechanic etc. shall work together
336
during construction period. Maximum 1.000 personnel are planned to be employed at one
and the same time. Different number of personnel shall work on different times on site,
average number of personnel working at a time is set forth as 500 persons.
Potable water required for meeting the needs of personnel shall be provided from
water supply network in area and/or by purchasing from market.
When all of the water used by personnel is supposed to be returned as wastewater,
wastewater generation of 150 m3/day maximum and 75 m3/day in average is a matter at the
hand. In this sense, the facilities in the temporary construction camp to be founded for the
purpose of meeting personnel requirements (WC, shower etc).
Domestic wastewaters to be generated shall be treated in Package Domestic
Wastewater treatment Facility which shall be constructed within the operation site. The main
objective in wastewater treatment is to minimize the negative affects of wastewater to public
health and ecological balance on environments where it is discharged. Subject package
wastewater treatment facility shall be designed as a standard facility to incorporate basic
processes used in treatment of domestic wastewaters; Package Wastewater Treatment
Facility Project approval shall be obtained in compliance with the Circular dated 29.04.2005
with number 2005/05 before taking Package Wastewater Treatment Facility into operation.
Concrete Plant to be used at construction stage within the scope of the project also
shall be installed in construction camp. Ready Mixed Concrete Plant shall be used during
construction period, and shall be closed upon completion of construction stage.
Approximately 250 l of water is required for 1 m3 of concrete production in Concrete
Plant. Approximately 180 lt of water shall be used as admixture in concrete production, while
70 lt of water shall be used for washing of concrete mixer.
When washing waters of concrete mixers are supposed to be returned as
wastewater, there shall be 3,500 m3 of washing wastewater. Washing wastewaters
originating from Concrete Plant shall be transferred to precipitation pool. Within the scope of
the project, total washing wastewater generation is approximately 3,500 m3, hourly
wastewater generation as calculated as around 0.61 m3/h.
Temporary construction camp shall be established within project site in order to be
used during construction activities; and dining hall, kitchen, locker room, shower, toilet,
lavatory, warehouse and technical offices for all kind of technical, social and infrastructural
requirements of personnel who shall be employed within the scope of the project shall be
located in subject construction camp.
Wastes to be generated during construction stage of the project are domestic solid
wastes (glass, paper, plastic etc.), organic domestic solid wastes originating from food
service of personnel and solid wastes originating from excavation and construction activities.
The amount of domestic solid waste to be generated from personnel is calculated as
1.150 kg/day maximum and 575 kg/day in average by using 1.15 kg daily domestic solid
waste per person value (TUİK, 2008).
337
Considering above mentioned Directive on General Principals of Waste Management,
primarily the recyclable and/or re-usable solid wastes originating from construction activities
in the facility shall be recycled in the place where they are produced or shall be re-used.
Timber wastes which can be used for formworks shall be collected regularly. Collected timber
wastes shall be issued to local villagers in case of demand.
In case this is not possible, solid wastes to be produced from construction activities
shall be gathered up separately and shall be given to the licensed institutions for the purpose
of recycling and/or disposal.
Non-recyclable wastes (food, organic wastes etc.) shall be collected in impervious
vessels in construction camp and shall be disposed off by transporting to the nearest
municipal solid waste storage site and/or by providing to be taken by municipality.
In order to provide recycling of packing wastes which are among domestic and
construction wastes, they shall be collected separately at source, gathered up and given to
the municipalities that are responsible for their collection and/or to the licensed
collection/separation facilities in compliance with the provisions of Directive on Controlling of
Packing Wastes that entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated
24.08.2011 and with number 28035.
In order to meet nutrition requirements of employers, acquisition of ready to serve
food from market and only serving them in site dining hall shall be preferred primarily. In this
case, attention shall be paid for selection of preferred catering firms among the ones that
draw up an annual contract with recycling facilities or collectors having environment license
for collecting waste oils.
In case acquiring ready to serve food from market is not suitable for economic
aspects and/or if cannot be realized due to similar different factors, food shall be prepared in
kitchen to be established in temporary construction camp.
In this case, waste oils to be produced shall be gathered up separately from other
wastes and discards as per provisions of Directive on Control of Vegetable Waste Oils, and
impervious collection vessels, interior and exterior surfaces of which are resistant to
corrosion such as jerry can, container and tank shall be used for gathering up; waste oils
shall be forwarded to licensed recycling or disposal facilities by environment licensed
transporters.
Vegetal earth to come out during preparation of land shall be taken by peeling off in
order to be used in land arrangement. Peeled vegetal earth shall be protected by germination
in order not to loose its characteristics. It shall be used in landscaping works of facility area
following completion of construction works.
338
ESER NGCCPP project is involved among the facilities stated in Directive on Permits
and Licenses Required to be Taken as per Environment Law, Annex-1. List of Activities or
Facilities Having High Contamination Impact on Environment, 1.1.2. Gas fuel facilities having
total combustion system thermal power of 100 MW or higher combustion system, which
entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 29.04.2009 and numbered
27214.
Considering the articles of relevant directive, within the scope of ESER NGCCPP
project, Acoustic Report was prepared by Çınar Environment Measurements and Analysis
Laboratory which is accredited by Turkish Accreditation Agency (TURKAK) and which has
Environment Measurement and Analysis Competency Certificate from Ministry of
Environment and Forestry, by measuring background noise taking project site and nearest
settlement places into consideration.
Noise level to be generated from activities to be performed during construction stage is
calculated in Acoustic Report that is involved in the annex of EIA Report. Environmental
noise level to be generated during construction stage decreases below 60 dBA at about 100
m distance from work site, and limit value of 70 dBA is satisfied. The closest settlement to the
work site is Hacıbalı Village located at a distance of about 2,000 m, and noise level to be
generated in said settlement shall drop below the limit value.
Noise level to be generated from activities to be performed during operating stage is
calculated. Environmental noise level to be generated during operating stage decreases
below 50 dBA at about 100 m distance from operation site; limit values in terms of Lday,
Levening, Lnight (65 dBA, 60 dBA and 55 dBA respectively) which are included in Regulation
on the Evaluation and Management of the Environmental Noise– Table 4 are satisfied. The
closest settlement to the operation site is Hacıbalı Village located at a distance of about
2.000 m, and noise level to be generated in said settlement shall drop below the limit value.
The relevant provisions of Directive on Evaluation and Management of Environmental
Noise which entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 04.06.2010
and with number 27601 shall be abided by during activities to be performed within the scope
of the project.
Water that is obtained from caisson wells for personnel requirements and supply of
utility water shall be used by treating in the Water Treatment Facility involved in the facility.
The water treatment facility flow is given in the Water Mass Balance Diagram included in the
annex (See Annex-19). Water taken from caisson wells is processed in Ultra-filtration unit
after pre-precipitation process in Clarifier as can be seen on Water Mass Balance Diagram.
Water to be used as drinking and utility water are transferred from here to Activated Carbon
Filter system which is the advanced treatment unit.
Drinking and utility waters that completed the advanced treatment are supplied to the
system. The capacity of Advanced Water Treatment Facility where drinking and utility waters
shall be processed is designed as 40 m3/day.
Standards for Discharging of Domestic Natured Waste Waters to Receiving
Environment shall be complied with and domestic natured waste waters shall be treated in
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Package Wastewater Treatment Facility and shall be discharged to Kızılırmak River by
satisfying discharging limits in accordance with Standards for Discharging of Domestic
Natured Waste Waters to Receiving Environment.
Wastewaters from Water Treatment facility such as Water Softening, Activated
Carbon Washing etc. and blowdown waters from Cooling system shall be disposed off
satisfying relevant provisions of Directive on Control of Water Contamination .
Environment Permit shall be received within the framework of provisions of directive
on Permits and Licenses Required to be Taken as per Environment Law for discharging
treated wastewaters to receiving environment after domestic natured wastewaters generated
from operating stage and process wastewaters are treated.
Cooling System is designed as Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower within the scope of
the project.
Water taken from caisson wells for providing water required in Cooling System shall
be used by treating in Process and Utility Water Treatment Facility located in the facility.
Some of the waters taken from caisson well are supplied to Cooling Towers after preprecipitated in Clarifier. Water to be taken into Cooling system is designed to be as 1.050
m3/hr. Since an advanced treatment shall not be performed for waters to be taken into
Cooling system there is not any chemicals to be used in this section.
There should be circulation water of around 40,000 m3 continuously in Mechanical
Draft Cooling System, and subject quantity shall be supplied from caisson wells step by step
for 1 time only.
There shall be evaporation and blowdown losses in circulation water that shall
continuously cycle within closed cycle in Cooling System. In order to compensate
evaporation losses 695 m3/hr of water, and in order to replenish blowdown losses 350 m3/hr
of water should be added.
In the energy plant project, natural gas, which is known to be the cleanest fuel type
among the fossil fuels, shall be used. The most important parameter among air emissions to
be generated as a result of combustion of natural gas is generation of NOx emissions. In
combustion plants working with gas, especially in gas turbines, NOx emissions basically
depends on generation of thermal NOx.
340
In Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for Large Combustion Plants
within the scope of European Union Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive
(IPPC), it is stated that dry low NOx premixing burners (DLN) are the best available
technique for reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) in gas turbines, gas motors and gas steam
boilers in general. Water or steam injection, dry low NOx (DNL) technologies and selective
catalytic reduction (SCR) are included among prevention technologies used in NOx
emission reduction in the same document. Within the scope of subject ESER NGCCPP dry
low NOx burner shall be used.
The key feature of dry low NOx burners is air- fuel mixture and both combustions take
place in two consecutive steps. Low flame temperature and a homogeneously distributed
temperature that result in low NOx emissions are obtained by mixing air and fuel before
burning.
In order to identify and determine environmental impacts of the project, primarily
Project Impact Area is determined. While determining the project impact area, definition of
Plant Impact Area included in Directive on Control of Industrial Air Pollution (IAPCR) and
closest settlements and project site and topography around them were taken into
consideration.
The area which has a radius of 50 (fifty) times the height of stacks that is determined
in accordance with the principles given in IAPCR Annex-4, is the plant impact area.
Accordingly, since the height of emission stacks included within the scope of the project are
75 m, the area having a radius of 3.750 m should be designated as impact area.
Considering also project site and the topography around it, and positions of the
closest settlements, a wider area of 11 km x 11 km around the operation site is designated
as the project impact area.
AERMOD air modeling study for determining NOx emissions to be generated during
operating stage of subject Eser NGCCPP Project was performed. In this study, different
scenarios were applied. Besides, cumulative evaluation is performed by taking also the
impact of Kırıkkale NGCCPP Project into account.
According to 2. Alternative scenario (Cumulative: Eser NGCCPP and Kırıkkale
NGCCPP), the distribution of NO2 emissions’ results in the atmosphere; maximum annual
average value is found as 11.19 µg/m3 and Total Pollution Value is found as 19.54 µg/m3.
These values are about 32.6 % of 60 µg/m3 , which is the Long Term Limit value in IAPCR
and are quite below the limit value.
Additionally, Short Term Value is found as 19,38 µg/m3 and Total Pollution Value as
27,73 µg/m3. This value is about 9.2 % of 300 µg/m3, which is the Short Term Limit value in
IAPCR and is quite below the limit value.
341
Also, distributions of CO emissions are performed within the scope of the project. In
the evaluation performed for CO emissions that shall be generated from Plant maximum
annual average value is calculated as 0,022 mg/m3. Subject value is about 0,22% of 10
mg/m3 value, which is the Long Term Limit value in IAPCR and is at quite low level.
Additionally, Short Term Value (when maximum daily average values or all statistical
measurement values are ordered according to the magnitude of numeric values, the value
corresponding to 95% of measurement values, differently for precipitating dusts maximum
monthly average value that should not to be exceeded) is calculated as 0,038 mg/m3. This
value is about 0.38 % of 10 µg/m3 value, which is the Short Term Limit value in IAPCR and
stays at quite low level.
The wastes to be generated during operating stage of the project are domestic
natured solid wastes (glass, paper, plastic etc.), organic originated domestic natured solid
wastes, packing wastes and treatment sludge originating from treatment. Besides, cleaning
material containers shall be generated due to cleaning activities.
Additionally, there shall be machine oils and wastes that are contaminated with these
oils originating from maintenance of equipments to be used during operating stage of the
project and illuminating devices which completed their life time during lighting processes.
Another hazardous waste other than these is not expected to be generated in the Plant.
In case there are substances and equipments containing PCT and PCB are not to be
used in the transformers, capacitors and electric generation systems within the ESER
NGCCPP.
The provision stating that “comprises prohibition, restriction and obligations,
measures to be taken, inspections to be performed, legal and technical responsibilities to be
subject to with respect to production, collection, temporary storage, transportation, recycling,
disposal, export and import of wastes which are classified as hazardous waste in ANNEX-IV
that is included in the annex of Directive on General Principles of Waste Management that
entered into force by publishing in the Official Gazette dated 05.07.2008 and with number
26927, and which show one or more of the features that are listed in ANNEX-III A and
recognized as hazardous and which are between H3 to H8, and likewise which have values
over threshold concentrations in ANNEX-III B with regard to H10 and H11” is included in 2nd
article of Directive on Control of Hazardous Wastes which entered into force by being
published on the Official Gazette dated 14.03.2005 and with number 25755.
Dangerous waste, waste accumulator, tire, waste oils and parts contaminated with
waste oils that are possible to be generated due to maintenance and repair of machines and
equipments within the scope of the project, shall be gathered up separately in impervious
containers by being coded in accordance with Waste List given in Annex IV of Directive
within the framework of Directive on General Principals of Waste Management, and their
appropriate disposal shall be ensured by delivering them to licensed institutions within the
framework of relevant directive. Another solid waste generating from project other than these
is not expected to be generated.
Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plants are considered as the most environment-friendly
source of energy when compared with other thermal plants. The most important reason for
342
this is that there isn’t any polluting parameter in it. Non-generation of flue gas emission such
as SO2 by reason that there isn’t any sulphur in it is regarded as an important advantage.
Another advantage of it is that any ash etc. wastes do not generate as a result of
combustion.
The most important environmental impacts of natural gas cycle plants are generations
of NOx and high quantity of water required in cooling systems.
Dry low NOx premixing burners (DLN) that are shown as the best available
boilers in Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for Large Combustion
Plants within the scope of European Union Directive on Integrated Pollution Prevention
and Control (IPPC) are preferred within the scope of the project. In this way, NOx
generation which is possible to generate from plant is minimized.
In the Cooling System however, Circulated Water Cooling System- Mechanical Draft
Cooling Tower is selected. In this way, about 40.000 m3 of water shall be taken into the
system for once, and afterwards only evaporation and blowdown water losses shall be
taken into the system. In this way, the water quantity required in the system is also
minimized.
When other environmental impacts of the facility is taken into consideration, all
necessary measures are taken for all kind of wastes that might generate due to operation
and collection and waste disposal systems without damaging environment are
established.
The criteria taken into consideration for project site selection are listed below;
 Being located at a long distance from settlements
 Being close to Kızılırmak River Proximity to natural gas pipeline Topographic feature of
land
 Connection to Interconnected System at low costs
 Treasury Land characteristics of the Site
 Region’s need for investments and employment
Due to these advantages, study for an alternative area has not been performed. In
general, alternatives with respect to system are evaluated within the scope of the project.
343
Combustion and Cooling system alternatives are evaluated in particular. NOx
emissions that shall be generated during combustion of natural gas in accordance with the
Best Available Techniques for Large Combustion Plants are lower compared to other fuels.
In Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for Large Combustion Plants,
within the scope of European Union Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive
(IPPC), it is stated that dry low NOx premixing burners (DLN) are the best available
boilers in general. Water or steam injection, dry low NOx (DLN) technologies and selective
catalytic reduction (SCR) are included among prevention technologies used in NOx emission
reduction in the same document.
Within the scope of subject ESER NGCCPP dry low NOx burner shall be used,
considering their advantages in reduction of NOx Emissions.
The key feature of dry low NOx burners is air- fuel mixture and both combustions take
place in two consecutive steps. Low flame temperature and a homogeneously distributed
temperature that result in low NOx emissions are obtained by mixing air and fuel before
burning.
Comparison results according to some parameters obtained as a result of
comparison study of cooling technologies used in energy plants in California, which was
prepared by California Energy Commission in year 2002 are as follows;
Cooling System Types
Less
Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower
8-12 gallons/minute per MWe
Reference
Reference
Operating and
Maintenance
Cost
Pump maintenance, Condenser
Cooling system
Performance
Failures
Failures vary depending on
project site meteorology.
Varies depending on region
Fan/pump power, water treatment,
filling of cooling tower, cleaning of
condenser
-
Water Intake
from Natural
Source
Discharge
About 500 gallons/minute per
MWe
About 10-15 gallons/minute per MWe
Varies depending on
region.
5-20% of capacity
deficiency occurs in hot
and windy weathers.
--
About 500 gallons/minute per
MWe
Increase in temperature of
discharged water and temperature
and involving Residual Chlorine
About 2-5 gallons/minute per MWE
--
Parameters
Water
Consumption
Investment Cost
344
Air Cooled Condenser
about 0-5% of Mechanical
Draft Cooling System
1,5 - 3 times of referenced
systems
Expanded surface
cleaning, Gear box
maintenance, fan power
Considering feasibility studies and literature researches performed, it was concluded
that selection of Circulated Water Cooling System- Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower is the
most feasible system for project, and Mechanical Draft Cooling System shall be installed
within the scope of subject plant.
The provisions of the Labor Law no. 4857 and directives and bylaws that were issued
correspondingly shall be abided by and all necessary measures shall be taken in order to
minimize potential accidents and risks.
Additionally within the scope of the project;
“Directive on Evaluation of Environmental Impact” which entered into force by being
published in the Official Gazette dated 17.07.2008 no. 26939,
“Environmental Auditing Directive” which entered into force by being published in the
Official Gazette dated 21.11.2008 no. 27061,
“Large Combustion Plant Directive” which entered into force by being published in the
“Directive on control of Industrial Air Pollution” which entered into force by being
“Directive on Evaluation and Management of Air Quality” which entered into force by
being published in the Official Gazette dated 06.06.2008 no. 26898,
“Directive on Evaluation and Management of Environmental Noise” which entered
into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 04.06.2010 no. 27601,
“Directive on Control of Water pollution” which entered into force by being published
in the Official Gazette dated 31.12.2004 no. 25687,
“Directive on Control of Solid Wastes” which entered into force by being published in
the Official Gazette dated 14.03.1991 no. 20814,
“Directive on Control of Packing Wastes” which entered into force by being published
“Directive on Control of Excavated Soil, Construction and Debris Wastes” which
entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 18.03.2004 no. 25406,
“Directive on Control of Waste Oils” which entered into force by being published in the
“Directive on Waste Oil Control” which entered into force by being published in the
345
“Directive on Periodic Storage of Wastes” which entered into force by being published
“Directive on Control of Hazardous Wastes” which entered into force by being
“Directive on Control of Worn Out Tires” which entered into force by being published
“Directive on general Principals of Waste Management” which entered into force by
being published in the Official Gazette dated 05.07.2008 no. 26927,
“Directive on Control of Soil Pollution and Point Sourced Polluted Sites” which
entered into force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 08.06.2010 no. 27605,
“Prime Ministry Circular on Stream Beds and Floods No (2006/27)” which entered into
force by being published in the Official Gazette dated 09.09.2006 no. 26284,
Labor Law no. 4857 and bylaws and directives issued correspondingly,
And Environment Law no 2872 which entered into force by being published in the
Official Gazette dated 11.08.1983 no. 18132, Law on Groundwater no 167, Aquaculture Law
No 1380, Soil Conservation and Land Use Law No 5403, pasture Law No 4342, Forestry
Law No 6831, and directives issued with respect to these laws and relevant legislation in
force shall be abided by, and the criteria required by legal arrangements with respect to
matters such as permit, license, grant etc. necessary for the plant shall be complied with.
346
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348

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