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øZMøR ATATÜRK ORGANøZE SANAYø BÖLGESø’NDE
YER ALMAK øSTEYEN SANAYøCøLER øÇøN
AÇIK ARTIRMA øHALE øLANI
Ülkemizin en modern ve en büyük organize sanayi bölgelerinden biri olan, 600 fabrikanÕn üretim yaptÕ÷Õ,
21.000 m3/gün kapasiteli ATIK SU ARITMA TESøSLERø ile 125 MW ELEKTRøK ENERJøSø ÜRETøM
TESøSLERø bulunan, DOöALGAZ úebekesi tamamlanan øzmir Atatürk Organize Sanayi Bölgesi’ndeki
(øAOSB) 20 (yirmi) adet SANAYø PARSELø ihtiyaç sahibi sanayicilere ve AÇIK ARTIRMA øHALESø ile
tahsis edilecektir.
AçÕk ArtÕrma ile tahsis edilecek sanayi parsellerinin m2 muhammen bedeli 400,00 TL/m2’dir.
AltyapÕ inúaat masraflarÕ muhammen bedele dâhildir.
Parseller, dolgularÕ yol kÕrmÕzÕ kotundan en fazla 1,20 metre aúa÷Õda olacak úekilde teslim edilecektir.
Sanayi parsellerinin imar durumu TAKS (Taban AlanÕ KatsayÕsÕ)=0,55 KAKS (KullanÕm AlanÕ KatsayÕsÕ)=0,70
400,00 TL/m2 muhammen bedelle AçÕk ArtÕrma øhalesine konu sanayi parsellerimiz;
1. yeni ada 1 no.lu parsel
3.000 m2
11. yeni ada 30 no.lu parsel
5.000 m2
2
2. yeni ada 2 no.lu parsel
3.000 m
12. 2135 ada 13 no.lu parsel
6.617 m2
2
3. yeni ada 3 no.lu parsel
3.000 m
13. 2135 ada 14 no.lu parsel (*) 6.689 m2
2
4. yeni ada 4 no.lu parsel
3.000 m
14. 2135 ada 15 no.lu parsel (*) 6.663 m2
2
5. yeni ada 5 no.lu parsel
3.000 m
15. 2135 ada 16 no.lu parsel
6.673 m2
2
6. yeni ada 6 no.lu parsel
3.000 m
16. 2135 ada 17 no.lu parsel
6.683 m2
7. yeni ada 7 no.lu parsel
3.000 m2
17. 2135 ada 18 no.lu parsel (*) 6.723 m2
2
8. yeni ada 27 no.lu parsel
5.000 m
18. 2135 ada 19 no.lu parsel (*) 6.697 m2
2
9. yeni ada 28 no.lu parsel
5.000 m
19. 2135 ada 20 no.lu parsel
6.703 m2
2
10. yeni ada 29 no.lu parsel
5.000 m
20. 2135 ada 21 no.lu parsel 11.065 m2
(*) Parsel yeúil alanÕ içinde, inúaat alanÕ kaybÕ yaratmayan trafo binasÕ olacaktÕr.
øHALE
ùARTLARI
1. øhaleye katÕlmak isteyenlerin;
a) AçÕk ArtÕrma ile tahsis edilecek olan her bir parsel için 50.000,-TL (Elli bin Türk LirasÕ) tutarÕndaki øhale
TeminatÕnÕ
(Banka Teminat Mektubu ya da Bloke Çek), (satÕn almak istenilen parsel sayÕsÕ kadar)
b) Yetkililerce imzalanmÕú øAOSB Parsel Tahsis ùartlarÕ Taahhütnamesini,
c) Sanayi OdasÕ üyesi oldu÷unu belgeleyen herhangi bir Sanayi OdasÕ sicil kayÕt suretini,
d) Noter tasdikli imza sirküleri veya yetki belgesini,
en geç 20 MART 2012 SalÕ günü saat 12:00’ye kadar øAOSB’ye teslim etmesi gerekmektedir.
2. Birinci maddede yazÕlÕ belgeleri eksik getirenler ihaleye alÕnmayacaktÕr.
3.
a) øAOSB’ce kabul edilecek bir imalat sektöründe üretim yapmayÕ taahhüt etmeyenler,
b) øAOSB’de parsel sahibi olup üretim yapmayan úahÕs ya da úirketler,
açÕk artÕrma ihalesine katÕlamazlar.
4. øzmir Atatürk Organize Sanayi Bölgesi Yönetim Kurulu ihaleyi yapÕp yapmama veya erteleme yetkisine sahiptir.
5. ArtÕrmayÕ kazanan tarafÕndan ihalede tespit edilmiú bulunan bedelin %20’si en geç 27 MART 2012 SalÕ günü mesai
bitimine kadar øAOSB’ye defaten ödenecektir. Bakiye kalan miktar ise birer ay vadeli ve eúit taksitler halinde 10 ayda
ödenecek olup, vadelerine ait çekler 27 MART 2012 SalÕ gününe mesai bitimine kadar øAOSB’ye teslim edilecektir.
6. 27 MART 2012 tarihinde peúin ödenecek miktar ödenmez ve bakiye kalan miktara ait çekler øAOSB’ye teslim edilmez
ise ihale úartÕ yerine getirilmemiú sayÕlarak ihale iptal edilecek, ihale teminatÕ øAOSB’ce irad kaydedilecektir.
7. øzmir Atatürk Organize Sanayi Bölgesi, Sulak AlanlarÕ Koruma Yönetmeli÷i tampon bölge kapsamÕ içindedir.
8. OSB Uygulama Yönetmeli÷i’nin 101. maddesinde belirtilen OSB’lerde kurulamayacak tesisler ve aúÕrÕ su tüketen
tesisler øAOSB’de kurulamaz.
9. Söz konusu sanayi parsellerinin altyapÕ inúaatlarÕ 31.12.2012 tarihine kadar tamamlanacaktÕr. ArsayÕ satÕn alanlar
2012 yÕlÕ Temmuz ayÕndan itibaren fabrika inúaatÕna baúlayabileceklerdir.
10. OSB Kanunu ve Uygulama Yönetmeli÷inin inúaata baúlama ve bitirme ile ilgili 108. maddesi gere÷i;
a) AltyapÕ inúaatlarÕ tamamlanma tarihi olan 31.12.2012 tarihinden itibaren 1 (bir) yÕl içerisinde gerçekleútirece÷i
yapÕya ait projeleri øAOSB’ye tasdik ettirerek yapÕ ruhsatÕnÕ almayan,
b) YapÕ ruhsatÕ tarihinden itibaren 2 yÕl içerisinde üretime geçmeyen,
c) Çevresel Etki De÷erlendirmesi Yönetmeli÷i’ne göre “Çevresel Etki De÷erlendirmesine tabi de÷ildir”, “Çevresel Etki
De÷erlendirmesi gerekli de÷ildir” veya “Çevresel Etki De÷erlendirmesi olumlu” kararÕ almayan,
KatÕlÕmcÕlara yapÕlan tahsis, Yönetim Kurulu tarafÕndan iptal edilir.
x
x
AÇIK ARTIRMA TARøHø : 20 MART 2012 - SalÕ
AÇIK ARTIRMA SAATø : 14.00
AÇIK ARTIRMA YERø
: øzmir Atatürk Organize Sanayi Bölge Müdürlü÷ü
faks: (232) 376 71 00
e-posta: [email protected]
AyrÕntÕlÕ bilgi için tel: (232) 376 71 76 (dahili 209)
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