turkısh place names ın armenıa - Journals of Qafqaz University

turkısh place names ın armenıa - Journals of Qafqaz University

 TURKISH PLACE NAMES IN ARMENIA Erdal KARAMAN PhD., Qafqaz University, Department of Turkish Language and Literature Baku / AZERBAIJAN [email protected] ABSTRACT Place names are very close to language, history, and geography. For that reason it is believed that investigations without language are rootless, and investigations without geography are placeless in this field. In this work the period when Turkish people lived in Armenia is briefly studied and Turkish place names in this region are investigated and classified from language point of view. Key words: Armenia, place names, Turkish place names, Azerbaijan place names. ERMENİSTAN’DAKİ TÜRK MENŞELİ YER İSİMLERİ ÖZET Yer adlarında dil, tarih ve coğrafya iç içedir. Bundan dolayı da bu sahada yapılan araştırmalardan dil yönü eksik olanlar köksüz, coğrafi yönü ihmal edilenler de mekânsız olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Ermenistan’da Türklerin yaşadıkları döneme kısaca temas edildikten sonra bu coğrafyadaki Türk menşeli yer isimleri dil yönünden ele alındı ve tasnif edildi. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ermenistan, yer isimleri, Türkçe yer adları, Azerbaycan yer adları. Turks in Armenia in the history: Turks have made Azerbaijan and the Caucasus a Turkish homeland emigrating in masses to the area during the BC and the first years of the AC. Although these mentioned facts have been tried to be concealed during the Soviet Union era, the name of Turk was admitted as a fact in this region since the ancient times, stated in the book of ʺThe History of Azerbaijanʺ, pub‐
lished in 1958. In the mentioned work, it is expressed that the Turks began to have settlements slowly, and they affected the languages of other nations that lived in this region. [1] At the end of the VIII. century, Cimmerian people, living in Crimea and the north of the Black Sea, were squeezed and removed from their lands, by the Scythians who Number 29, Volume 1, 2010 migrated to the north of the Black Sea. While a portion of Cimmerian people moved to the eastern of the Black Sea, the other portion migrated to the Caucasus and the front Asia. Cimmerian people, fought against Urartian in BC 725, moved up to the borders of the Assyrian. [2] Many names of places related to Cimmerians have come up to nowadays in the west of Azerbaijan. Toponyms such as Kimir, Kimirli close to Zaqatala; Kemerli, Kemerkaya,Kemerit in Kazakh region show that Cimmerians had lived for a long time in the ancient settlements of Azerbaijan. Also, the place names such as Komar, Kemer, Kemerdaran are the names from the Cimmerians in the south of Azerbaijan. [3] After Cimmerian people had settled between Kur and Aras rivers, not having 65
Erdal Karaman being able to hold on more, they settled in the territory of Armenia of today. [4] The Saka, walked on Cimmerians, surpassing the Caucasus, began to settle down in the Karabakh region, then into the other region of Azerbaijan and the eastern Anatolia in BC 680. The ancient Greek colonies in the northern shore of the Black Sea region called the pioneering guards of the Saka as ˝Skythe˝ in BC VIII. century. This tribe, mentioned as a powerful tribe in the Orkhon inscriptions Chigils, is named as ˝Çik‐il, Çik‐el, Çiğil˝ a Turkish tribe by Mahmud Kashgari and in the Islamic resources. [5] According to the specification of Geybullayev, Guars, Pasians, Bulgarians, Shiraks, Gargars, Pechenegs, Kengers, Arans, Sadakhs, Korus, Cins and the Khazars ruled in the territory of Armenia after the Saka. The Seljuks conquered the present territories of Azerbaijan and Armenia in the XI. century. The another Turkic branch ruled this geographical territory was Kipchaks. It’s hard to determine when Kipchaks first came to Armenia. However, some tribes existing in the steppes of Northern Russia lived in Albania, especially, in Arsak in the 11th and 12th centuries. According to Ibni El Esir, after Mongols invaded Kipchak steppes in the 12th century, some part of Kipchaks retreated back to Derbent, Shirvan and Ganja. Some researchers state that Kipchaks took place among Huns moved into and settled down in Azerbaijan before Christ. Thus, it’s understood that Kipchaks settled down in Azerbaijani lands in the mentioned periods. The another Turkic branch ruled this geographical territory was Kipchaks. It’s hard to determine when Kipchaks first came to Armenia. However, some tribes existing in the steppes of Northern Russia lived in Albania, especially, in Arsak in the 11th 66 JOURNAL OF QAFQAZ UNIVERSITY and 12th centuries. According to Ibni El Esir, after Mongols invaded Kipchak steppes in the 12th century, some part of Kipchaks retreated back to Derbent, Shirvan and Ganja. [ 6 ] Some researchers state that Kipchaks took place among Huns moved into and settled down in Azerbaijan before Christ. Thus, it’s understood that Kipchaks settled down in Azerbaijani lands in the mentioned periods. [7] During the period of Islamic invasions, as administrative regions, they named Azerbaijan, Aran and Armenia as “Ermeniyye” or Azerbaijan. Armenia was accepted as a part of Azerbaijan. [8] The mid‐11th century was the turning point in the hostory of Near and Middle East. The Great Seljuq Empire was found in a vast area stretching from Cenrtal Asia to the coastal of the Aral Sea and from Derbent Gate to the Persian Gulf. Thus, both Azeri and Seljuq Turks fought against Georgians and Armenians together.[9] By the early 13th century, the region was occupied by Mongol and meantime, the Ilkhanates took the lead of reign. Subsequently, Armenian lands fell into Tokhtamysh Khan’s power first and later Timur gained ascendancy over this territories. [10] During the period of Kara Koyunlus, Irak, Kirman and Armenian lands existed within its border.[11] During the period of the Safavids, the lands of Erivan were under the power of Turks. Shan Ismail defeated Alwand Mirza, the ruler of Ak Koyunlu, in Sharur district in 1501. Consequently, Ak Koyunlu was completely dissapeared from the history of states. [12] According to the agreement made between Iran and Ottoman in 1639, present‐day Armenian lands were shared between both Philology and Pedagogy
Turkish place names in Armenia countries. In 1724 Ottoman took the entire controll of Armenian lands. During the term of Nadir Shah’s ruling Iran, those lands were occupied by Iran one‐by‐one. [13] The second half of 18th century was the period when small khanates ruled the territories in Azerbaijan. This period is called Khanates Period when each Khanate had to struggle to protect and ensure its independence and sovereignty itself. In the aforementioned period, small Khanates came into existence in almost every city. [14] One of most important factors for establishment of Khanates in Azerbaijan was wars took place with Iran. Khanates were pretty much alike in terms of their social, political and economical structure. Besides, some of Khanates started their formation period during the periods of being half‐independent from Safavids. [15] The Khanate carried out its existence in Armenian lands was Erivan Khanate. Until the Treaty of Turkmenchay, Erivan Khanate was within the territories of Azerbaijan. After aforesaid treaty, Armenian State was founded instead of Erivan Khanates. [16] Erivan Khanate was captured by Azat Khan, the commander of Fathali Khan, the ruler of Urmiya Khanate, in1751. In 1755, Hasanali Khan, the brother of Mir Mehdi Khan, took the lead of Erivan Khanate. Afterwards, Hasanali Khan was succeeded by his brother Huseyinali Khan. Being a neighbour with Ottoman Empire made Erivan Khanate to be very important. Ottomans always protected Erivan Khanate against Georgian and Armenian oppressions. In 1795, Iran took actions to bring khanates, existing in the region, under its power. Agha Muhammet Kachar surrounded Erivan Fortress for 35 days and at the end of hard battle, he occupied the fortress. [17] Number 29, Volume 1, 2010 On the other hand, there occured fierce battles between Iran and Russia in this region after Russians moved into Caucasus Region. [ 18 ] Khan of Erivan reached an agreement with the Khan of Nakhchivan in assembling troops. [19] They agreed upon not allowing Russians to move into Pembek. Sisyanov, the russian commander, reques‐
ted the government for help to bring the march towards Erivan to a victorious conclusion. [20] Marches against Erivan Khanate didn’t last with these attacks. The Khanate was reoc‐
cupied by Russians on October 1,1827. [21] There occured battles between Russia and Iran between 1826‐1828, between Ottomans and Russia between 1828‐1829. Russia was the side to win the battles and as a result, the Treaty of Turkmenchay signed between Russia and Iran in1828 and the Treaty of Edirne between Ottomans and Russia. According to the results of aforementioned treaty, Azerbaijan was seperated into two parts. North Azerbaijan was gained by Russia and South Azerbaijan by Iran. At that mentioned era, %80 of the popu‐
lation of Armenia was Turks of Azerbaijan. In this century, Russians rolled up in order to increase the Armenian population in the Caucasus. After the agreement of Edirne, 84 thousand Armenian were settled in the present territory of Armenia and 14 thousand of Armenian in Iran were moved to the Nagorno‐Karabakh. After Russians had captured the Erivan Khanate, a appreciable movement could be seen in the activities of Armenians living in the region. At the end of 1827, Lazerev, Armenian descent, presented I. Nikolay, Russian Czar, a project about the establish‐
ment of an Armenian state connected to the Russia. I. Nikolay eleminated Erivan and Nakhichevan Khanates with the order dated March 21, 1828. Instead, on the that region, 67
Erdal Karaman ʺArmenian Provinceʺ was established. In 1833, Armenian Province was devided into four regions: Erivan, Sherur, Surmeli and Serdarabad. [22] After Russians had captured the Erivan Khanate, a appreciable movement could be seen in the activities of Armenians living in the region. At the end of 1827, Lazerev, Armenian descent, presented I. Nikolay, Russian Czar, a project about the establish‐
ment of an Armenian state connected to the Russia. I. Nikolay eleminated Erivan and Nakhichevan Khanates with the order dated March 21, 1828. Instead, on the that region, ʺArmenian Provinceʺ was estab‐
lished. In 1833, Armenian Province was devided into four regions: Erivan, Sherur, Surmeli and Serdarabad. [23] After Russians had captured the Erivan Khanate, day by day, they tried to increase the importance of Erivan with new admi‐
nistrative systems. The Russians set up the Erivan Governor in 1849 and Erivan was the center of the Province. [24] In 1905, acting with the dream of Great Armenia, Armenian began to slaughter thousands of people in Baku, Karabakh, Ganja, Nakhichevan, Zengezur, Goyche, Mehr and other settlements of Azerbaijan. [25] According to the information of the ethnic structure of 1916, the Azeri Turks constitute d the majority of the population in Armenia. 74,2 thousand of the Erivan population, ie 48%, was the Azeri Turks at that time. 119,5 thousand, ie %53 of the population, in Zengezur, 50,7 thousand in New Beyazit and 45 thousand in Surmeli were all the Azeri Turks. [26] After 1905, Armenians rolled up once again in 1918. A genocide was commenced against the Turks living in the territory of todayʹs Armenia. 60 villages were destroyed in that process. All the men living in those villages 68 JOURNAL OF QAFQAZ UNIVERSITY were slew and women were also taken away as captives. [27] The 11 th Red Army invaded Armenia on 29 November 1920. Thus, Armenian State was set up on the lands that had been the Turkish homeland throughout the history. [28] Had taken the advantage of the estabilish‐
ment of Soviet domination, Armenian seized Erivan in 1921. Concurrently, they came into action to capture Zengezur. [29] In the territory where Azeri Turks were living, Turkish population was greater than Armenians. Out of 99 thousand, 62,6 thousand people were Azeri Turks, while the rest 36,4 thousand only were Armenians in Erivan. [30] Turks in Armenia were expelled in 1937. At mentioned time, the Azeri Turks, living near the border of Turkey and Iran, were forced to migrate in order to get them away from Turkey. [31] Armenians living in Iran at that period were decided to be settled in Armenia[ 32 ] Between the years 1948‐1950, the number of Azeri Turks, forced reloca‐
tion, reached 33382. Besides, seven thousand of Azeri Turks were forced to leave all their assets behind. This process was to continue at intervals for later periods. [ 33 ] The number of expelled population from the territory of present Armenia exceeded 100 thousand between the years 1948‐1953. [34] On the other hand, Armenian authorities decided to let expelled Azeri Turks migrate back to their homes. Owing to the decision, %40‐45 of expelled population returned to their homes. Thousands of Turks saw their homes ruined, when they turned back to their settlements. [35] Between the years 1962‐1965, seven thousand of Armenians were settled in Armenia, from Egypt, Cyprus, Syria, Iran, the United States, Ukraine, Argentina and Turkey. By the end of 1973, within the Philology and Pedagogy
Turkish place names in Armenia framework of mentioned activities, the number of Armenians reached 26.1 thousand. [36] A mobility began on 23‐25 April 1965 in Armenia. Armenians began to protest pouring into the streets in masses in Erivan. [37] The period of these rallies was the most powerful time of Soviet Union. The central government did not interfere the rallies in Armenia and never acted to prevent the undesirable happenings. [38] All of Azeri Turks were removed from the Armenia territory as a result of the events occured in 1988. According to the specifi‐
cation of Abbas Seferov, the persident of the Refugees Community, 250000 Azeri Turks were forced to leave Armenia. [ 39 ] The Azeri Turks, expelled from Armenia, live in different parts of Azerbaijan nowadays. At mentioned periods, it is possible to see the traces of Turks in the place names of the territories where Turks inhabited. From the city names, town names, village names in this territory, it is obviously seen that all toponyms are of Turkish origin. Place Names and Language Connections between place names and different disciplines have been one of the issues emphasized by scientists for a long time. Today, the place names are not only an interest area of the scientists engaged in the field of geography and history, but also an issue that has been studied by the linguistics. Language, history and geography are within the other in toponyms. Therefore, the researches in this field, deprived of language, are considered to be rootless, while the ones deprived of geography are accepted as placeless. [40] The place names have been benefited in the investigation of the ethnic structure and Number 29, Volume 1, 2010 political history of a country. The place names have been examined as a historical source with these aspects. Today, there are still proponents of this view. However, these names are considered to be the elements of the language and addressed with words together nowadays. [41] With the adoption of the palce names as an element of linguistics recently, the researches, made in this field, have accelerated. [42] Nikonov expressed that the place names fit the rules of the language as well as the other words and have not invented new rules by themselves after pointing out about word formation of the place names. He also framed that linguistics can more accurately assay the place names in terms of origin and meaning. At the same time, he mentioned that linguistics should expose whether these names obey the rules of the language and study on the demonstrated differences in the structure of the words. [43] S. Mollazade expresses the connections between place names and language with these words: ʺToponyms are not only the geographical addresses, but also the live witnesses of the former languages and people who spoke those languages.ʺ [44] In many European countries, place names have been carried out with linguistics nowadays. Experts work in both areas most of the time. Many problems emerge in terms of voice, structure and meaning when examined with thousands of other elements. Enlighten the internal structure of the language and the issue of nomenclature as well. [45] The place names used in todayʹs Armenia, known as ʺWest Azerbaijanʺ in Azerbijan, have been scanned in the book of B. E. Budakov‐G. E. Geybullayev ,ʺ Toponyms originated from Azerbaijan in Armeniaʺ, and the book of İbrahim Bayramov, ʺToponym systems of West Azerbijanʺ. 69
Erdal Karaman Some of the names in the mentioned studies have been classified in terms of linguistic unity. Due to huge amount number of toponyms, the place names including similar features were not taken into the classification. In addition, the words borrowed from Arabic and Persian and having been used in Turkish for a long time are also classified. In the study, the type and the settlement place of the toponyms are given in the parantheses. 1. The place names in Armenia: 1.1. Related to the names of people: allah‐
verdiyev (Göyçe village name), abbaslar (Korus), Ağabek (Erivan, Sürmeli), allahver‐
dibey (İrevan, village name), babakişi (Novobeyazıt, village name), kasımcan (Sürmeli, village name), davutlu (İrevan, village name), ebdulmusa (Garni, village name), ebdurrahman (İrevan, village name), eliveli (İrevan, village name), elimemmed (İrevan, village name), yakublu (Eçmiadzin, village name), kamal (İrevan, village name), kerem memmedli kendi (İrevan, village name), köroğlu (Novobeyazıt, village name), mahmudlu (Zengezur, village name), hemze (Zebil, village name), çelebi (Amasya, village name), 1.2. Related to the names of fruit and vegetable: armudlu (Vedibasar, village name), zoğallı (Basargeçer, village name), iydeli (Eçmiadzin, village name), yoncalı (Revan, village name), kavunlu (Aralık, village name), güllüce (Kırkbulak, village name), suvanverdi (İrevan, village name), heyvalı (İrevan, village name), 1.3. Related to the names of animals: ayıyatağı (Talin), atlıdere (Şirakel, village name), ahudağ (Novobayazıt, mountain name), aşağı katırlı (Sürmeli, village name), aşağı keçili (Masis, village name), koyunlu (İrevan, village name), danagirmez (Kırkbulak, village name), dovşanlı (Zebil, yayla), donuzdamı (Dereleyaz, kışlak), donuzyatak (Krasnoselo, 70 JOURNAL OF QAFQAZ UNIVERSITY kışlak), endelib (İrevan, village name), ilandağ (İrevan, village name), ilanlı (İrevan, village name), inekbulak (Revan, village name), inekdağ (İrevan, dağ), itlice (Şirakel, village name), kedi karabulak (Merze, village name), kiçik ördek (Dereçiçek, village name), göyerçin (Talin, Çemberek, village name), maraldağ (Novobeyazıt, village name), öküzlü (Sürmeli, village name), ördekli (Novobeyazıt, village name), porsuklu (Obaran, village name), serçeler (Zengibasar, village name), tovuzkala (Şemşedil, village name), dovşankışlak (İrevan, village name), tülkütepesi (Bazarçayı, village name), tülküviran (Kabri, village name), deveçuhuru (Revan, village name). 1.4. Related to the names of colors: ağyaylak (İrevan, Maku), ağkend (İrevan, Dereleyaz), ağkörpü (Yelizavetpol, Zengezur), ağbulag (İrevan, Sürmeli), ağdağ (İrevan, Şerur), ağ‐
damlar (İrevan, village name), ağdaş (İrevan, Novobayazıd), ağdere (İrevan, Dereleyaz), ağcagala (İrevan, village name), ağcagışlak (İrevan, village name), karakala (İrevan, village name), karakışlak (İrevan, village name), kırmızılı (Talin, village name), yaşıllar (Revan, village name). 1.5. Related to the names of tribes and nations: avşar (Vedibasar), ağaçeri (Selçuklu tayfalarından biri, Revan, village name), azaklar (İrevan, village name), alpout ‘Eski Türk kavimlerinden birisinin adı” (İrevan, village name), aşağı begdili (Talin, village name), aşağı kanlıca (İrevan, village name), aşağı türkmen (Eçmiadzin, village name), bayan “Uygurlarda ve Kırgızlarda bu isim kullanılmaktadır” (Erivan, village name), bayatlar (Pembek, Kışlak adı), bayburt (Erivan, village name), baydar (Amasya, village name), baltaderesi (Dilican, village name), batar “baydar” (Zengezur, village name), başabaran (Erivan, mahal adı), karakoyunlu (İrevan, village name), karaman (Göyçe, village name), karahanlı (Zerzemin, kışlak adı), gerger (Dereleyaz, village name), kıpçak (İrevan, village name), erebkir (İrevan, village name), Philology and Pedagogy
Turkish place names in Armenia erebkirli (Sürmeli, village name), erebli (İrevan, village name), zengiler (İrevan, village name), sungurlu (İrevan, village name), tatarlı (İrevan, village name), türk karakilsesi (Ahuryan, village name), hezerler (Kırkbulak, village name), çandar (Garni, village name), çepni (Zengezur, village name), çağatay (Zengibasar, village name), çandarlar (Revan, village name), şakabad aslı sakabad (İrevan, village name). 1.6. Faith‐related names: meçetli (zengezur, village name), mescidli (Kabri, village name), namazeli (Şerur, village name), nebiler (Dereleyaz, village name), oruçköy (Aralık, village name), pir (Şerur, harabe ismi), pirdağ (Şerur, mountain name), seyidler (Zengezur, village name), sofiler (Dereleyaz, village name), sofulu (Zengezur, village name), hacıbaba (İrevan, village name), hacıdur (Tumanyan, village name), hacıkend (Yehengnadzor, village name), 1.7. Historical names: andi (İrevan, Vediba‐
sar), kanlı, Dede Korkut’ta Kanlı Koca, (Basa‐
geçer, village name), manas (Tumanyan, village name), talas (İrevan, village name), oğuztaş (Kırkbulak, village name), oğuzbatır (Kırkbulak, village name), 1.8. Occupation names: kasab (Revan, village name), derzili (İrevan, village name), sabançı (Talin, village name), sabunçu (Zengibasar, village name), sarvanlar (İrevan, village name), 1.9. Related to the names of the organs: ağızlı (İrevan, Dereçiçek), alagöz (İrevan, mountain name), kulaksız (İrevan, village name), 1.10. Related to Mining and Mineral Names: altundağ (Novobayazıt, village name), altuntaht (Dereçiçek, mountain name), kızıl (Ecmiadzin, mountain name), demirçi (İrevan, village name), maden (Dereçiçek, village name), polat (İçevan, Çemberek, village name), 1.11. Plant names: arçut “ardıç ağacı” (İrevan, village name), söğütlü (Sürmeli, village name), Number 29, Volume 1, 2010 üzenli “hayvanların yediği bir tür ot” (Karpi, village name), çınarlı (Şeşmedi, kışlak), 1.12. City names from other countries: bağdad (Şirak Vadisinin doğusunda, mountain name), bağdaddolutaht (Erivan, village name). 2. The place names as Grammatical Structure 2.1. Possessive phrases: Ağa kışlağı (Erivan, Zarzemin), ağrı yaylağı (İrevan, Sürmeni), velihan kışlağı (Erivan, village name), kelen‐
der kışlağı (Zerzemir, village name), kehra‐
man yurdu (Tumanyan, kışlak adı), kaçkar kışlağı (İrevan, village name), kulucan kışlağı (Zerzemin, village name), eymur bulağı (Revan, yayla), elbeyli kışlağı (Zerzemin, village name), eller oyuğu (Kırkbulak, village name), emine kışlağı (İrevan, kışlak), ereb hençeri (Dereleyaz, village name), elimehemmed kendi (İrevan, village name), zulfukar kışlağı (İrevan, village name), ibrahim sultan kışlağı (Revan, village name), İmamverdi kalası (Karnibasar, village name), yel dağı (Noyemberyan, kışlak), koroğ‐
lu kalası (Pembek, village name), koran kalası (Şerur, village name), terli yaylağı (Sürmeli, yayla), tercanlı kışlağı (Revan, village name), tohlu ağılı (İrevan, village name), uğurlu kış‐
lağı (Şirakel, kışlak), halaçlar yurdu (Şerur, yayla), hanım kendi (İrevan, village name), halife kışlağı (Zeremin, kışlak), hızırilyas mezresi (Revan, village name), hacı emin kış‐
lağı (İrevan, kışlak), hacı kurban deresi (No‐
vobeyazıt, yurt adı), hüseyn uşağı (Basargeçer, village name), şaban kışlağı (Karbi, village name), şahkerim kışlağı (Zerzemin, kışlak), şirak düzü (Bozabbas, ova), hatun bulağı (Hınzirek, village name), Erzinczn merzesi (Revan, village name). 2.2. Adjective phrases: kırmızı ağıl (Ecmiad‐
zin, kışlak), kışlak Abbas (Dereleyaz, village name), deli ağacan (Merze, village name), deli dağ (İrevan, dağ), delik daş (Novobeyazıt, dağ), demirli dağ (Zengezur, dağ), demirçi bulak (Eçmiadzin, çeşme), yağlı daş (Noyamberyan, dağ), yeni başkend (Taşir, village name), yeni 71
Erdal Karaman kışlak (Kırkbulak, village name), yeni kilse (Gugar, village name) yeni talış (Kabri, village name), yukarı ağdam (İçevan, village name), yukarıağça kala (İrevan, village name), yuka‐
rı kanlıca (Ahuryan, village name), yukarı karabağlar (İrevan, village name), yukarı ka‐
tırlı (Sürmeli, village name), yukarı çimen‐
kend (Sürmeli, village name), kafir köy (Sürmeli, village name), keçel tepe (Noyem‐
beryan, kışlak), kiçik akdağ (Göyçe, tepe), ki‐
çik armudlu (Eçmiadzin, village name), kiçik beykend (Aleksandrapol, village name), kiçik karabağ (Vedi, village name), kiçik develi (Vedi, village name), kiçik deller (Karnibasar, village name), kiçik yeniçe (Merze, village name), kiçik tepeköy (Amasya, village name), kiçik şehriyar (Eçmiadzin, village name), köh‐
ne ağdaş (Sürmeli, village name), ködek bu‐
lak (İrevan, village name), gövher hesen (Hemeli, otlak adı), sınık körpü (İrevan, village name), tahta yurd (Novobeyazıt, yay‐
la), teze ağdaş (Sürmeli, village name), teze karahacılı (Şerur, village name), uzun kışlak (İrevan, village name), uzun haç (Dereleyaz, village name), ulu hanlı (Zengibasar, village name), ulu sarvanlar (Masis, village name), uşaçık ermeni (Zerzemin, village name), ha‐
raba bazar (Sürmeli, uçurum), haraba kotan‐
lı (İrevan, village name), haraba mezre (Sürmeli, village name), haraba sarvanlar (İrevan, village name), haraba parçenik (Sür‐
meli, village name), hırda banışlar (Sisyan, village name), aşık hesen (İrevan, village name), boz abdal (Erivan, village name), bö‐
yük tepeköy (Erivan, village name), böyük karabağ (Erivan, village name), altı kışlak (İrevan, village name), dokuz göl (zengibasar, kışlak), üç kilse (İrevan, village name), koşa‐
bulak (Novobeyazıt, mountain name), birinci bayandur (Zengezur, village name), Birinci aylanlı (Korus, village name), birinci erhacı (Sürmeli, village name), birincitezekend (Erivan village name), üçüncü erhacı (Sürmeli, village name), ikinci behlül (Talin, village name), 72 JOURNAL OF QAFQAZ UNIVERSITY 2.3. Compound words: Ağbaba (Erivan, mountain name), ağbulak (Erivan, Novobeyazıt, village name), ağabaş (Sisan, village name), babacan (Novabeyazıt, village name), bağır‐
baba (Şirakel, mountain name), bazarçay (Zengezur, çay adı), bayramkışlak (Erivan, village name), balakend “küçük köy” (Yeniza‐
vetpol, village name), balahatap (Köyçe, village name), bartaz “barı kale duvarı, taz kaya” (Meğri, mountain name), başkend (Sisyan, village name), beydere (Erivan, village name), benövşepuşt benövşe “menekşe”, puşta Far. “tepe” (Meğri, village name), berkuşad, berk “sağam, berk” şad “kayalı yükseklik, dağ beli” (Erivan, village name), taşaltı (Zengezur, village name), daşağıl (Zerzemin, dağ), alpevi (İrevan, village name), daşburun (Eçmiadzin, village name), daşkörpü (Revan, kışlak), daşlıkaya (Vedi, village name), delican (Göyçe, village name), deveboynu (İrevan, village name), devedaş (Novobeyazıt, dağ), delipaşa (Dere‐
çiçek, village name), deliçay, Eçmiadzin, çay), derekışlağı (Dereçiçek, kışlak), kasımeli (İrevan, village name), derekend (Gugar, village name), dereköy (İrevan, village name), dereçiçek (İrevan, village name), dikbaş (Zebil, village name), dikburun (Abaran, village name), dosteli (Şirakel, village name), dumandere (Mağaracak, çay), emirheyir (Çemberek, köy), eğridere (Revan, village name), eyribulak (Abaran, village name), eyridağ (Dilican, dağ), eskipara (Noyamberyan, village name), efendi‐
kend (Novobeyazıt, village name), istisu (Dereleyaz, village name), yarbaşı (Abaran, village name), yahşıcan (Revan, village name), yenikend (Vedi, village name), karakaş (Karbi, village name), kayadibi (Erivan, village name), keloğlan (Kabri, kışlak), keşişdağ (İrevan, village name), keşişkend (Göyçe, village name), kesikbaş (Göyçe, village name), kızgalası (Dereleyaz, village name), kız kalası (İrevan, village name), kocabey (Dereleyaz, village name), körpükend (İrean, village name), kül‐
tepe (İrevan, village name), koçakurd (Zerze‐
min, kışlak), kürdemir (Dereleyaz, village name), kürdkend (Şerur, village name), göy‐
Philology and Pedagogy
Turkish place names in Armenia bulak (Şirakel, village name), göykend (Aba‐
ran, mezra adı), selmansaray (Vedi, village name), samaderviş (Eçmiadzin, village name), sarıbaba (Zengezur, village name), sarıkaya (İrevan, village name), seleşor “kamışlık yer” (Sisyan, village name), soyukbulak (Revan, mezra), seferkulu (Sürmeli, village name), tümensu (İrevan, village name), suluçay (Şirakel, village name), südlübulak (Abaran, village name), toyayer (Abaran, mezra), tahta‐
kend (Zengezur, village name), tahtakörpü (İrevan, village name), tahtatepe (Krasnosela, kışlak), taşkala (Talin, village name), taşbulak (Şirakel, village name), taşkala (Talin, village name), tezharaba (İrevan, village name), teze‐
kend (Sürmeli, village name), topdaş (Eçmiad‐
zin, village name), tekeli (Novobeyazıt, village name), tepebaşı (Garnibasar, village name), topgar (Eçmiadzin, dağ), hasbey (Şerebhana, village name), haçbulak (Abaran, village name), haçdaş (Zengezur, village name), haşlıdağ (Zengezur, dağ), hedimkışlak (Sürmeli, village name), heznetepe (Sürmeli, dağ), hezneuz (Eçmiadzin, village name), hetipçay (Karpi, dere), hırda tepeköy (Amasya, village name), hamirkışlak (Şirakel, kışlak), horosharaba (İrevan, dağ), hocakend (Revan, village name), hoşhaber (Sürmeli, village name), hüdaverdi (Abaran, village name), hoşgedem (İrevan, village name), hudayar (Zengezur, village name), hurdegir az. Türkçesi hurda “küçük”, ger Moğ. “ev, çadır” (Revan, village name), hakverdi (Vedi, village name), haytag (Karbi, village name), hatemkend (Şirakel, village name), haçabağ (Karbibasar, village name), hesenviran (Kırkbulak, village name), hesen‐
kala (Vedibasar, village name), hesencan (Dere‐
kend, village name), çaykend (Göyçe, village name), çayırbeyli (İrevan, village name), çal‐
dağ (Derekend, village name), çaldaş (Novobe‐
yazıt, dağ), altepe (İrevan village name), çarpağ (Zengibasar, village name), çarhaç (Dilican, village name), çelebibulak (Aralık, village name), civandere (Ahuryan, village name), çilehanlı (Garnibasar, village name), çimenkend (İrevan, village name), cingildağ Number 29, Volume 1, 2010 (İrevan, dağ), çıraklıbaş (Yelizepetvol, dağ), çobankere (Eçmiadzin, village name), çoban‐
gölü (İrevan, göl), çukuryurd (Zengezur, village name), cavankışlak (Karni, village name), cindağ (İrevan, dağ), şahverdi (Saatli, village name), şahdağ (Novobeyazıt, dağ), şenedağ (Zengezur, village name), şerdere (Zengezur, village name), şirakkala (Eçmiad‐
zin, village name), şintepe (Sürmeli, village name), şorkend (Eçmiadzin, village name), ağ‐
damlar (Erivan, village name), ağdere (Erivan, Dereyelaz), ağdivar (Erivan, village name), ağdiz (Erivan, Sürmelideresi, village name), ağpara “köyün dışında ekilecek yer” (İrevan, Dereçiçek), ağsu (İrevan, Şerur) ağçaarh (Oktemberyan, village name), ağçakala (İrevan, Dereleyaz), ağçakışlak (İrevan, village name), alagöz (İrevan, mountain name), ahikend (İrevan, village name), alakak “ala kale, ala mermi”, ala+ükek ükek “mermi, kale” (Dere‐
çiçek, village name), başbulak (Erivan, village name), başkışlak (Erivan, village name), baş‐
yurd (Revan, yayla adı), başkend (Erivan, village name), başhacı (Novobeyazıt, village name), bozburun (Erivan, village name), boz‐
tepe (Erivan, Mountain name), böyükkafa (Göyçe, village name), velidağ (Erivan, mountain name), kazanlıdere (Erivan, village name), kanlıgöl (Erivan, village name), kara‐
bulak (Abaran, village name), karadaş (Erivan, mountain name), karakuzey (İrevan, village name), karadağlı (Artaşat, village name), ka‐
radaş (İrevan, village name), karadeli (Göyçe, village name), karadere (İrevan, village name), karakilse (Abaran, village name), karakollu (Sisyan, village name), karaköynek (İrevan, mountain name), karaköl (Sürmeli, göl adı), karagüney (Sürmeli, village name), karan‐
lıkdere (İrevan, village name), karaören (Göyçe, village name), karapapah (Amasya, village name), karasu (Ararat, çay adı), karatorpak (İrevan, village name), karaürek (İrevan, village name), karaçoban (İrevan, çay adı), karaçu‐
mah “kara tepe” (Sürmeni, mountain name), karaçanta (Amasya, village name), karaça‐
ören (İrevan, village name), karabazar 73
Erdal Karaman (irevan, village name), kızgala (Novobayazıt, village name), kızılaba (Karpi, village name), kızılbulak (Abaran, village name), kızılbulak (Novobeyazıd, village name), kızılviran (Pevan, village name), kızılkaya (Krosnoselsk (Sürmeli, kışlak adı), kızıldağ (Novobeyazıd, village name), kızıldaş (Amasya, village name), kızıl‐
demir (Ecmiadzin, village name), kızılzakir (Sürmeli, village name), kızılkilise (Aştarak, village name), kızılören (Göyçe, village name), güzelkend (Amasya, village name), kurudere (İrevan, village name), abbasderesi (Korus Rayonu), abbaskendi (Erivan), ağadost (Erivan, village name), elihanlı (Sürmeli, village name), elikulu (Şirakel, village name), osmanköy (Sürmeli, village name). 2.4. Persian phrases and derived words: abi‐siyah (Erivan), ağvirani kebir (Kırkbulak, village name), ayaslu‐ı kebir (İrevan, village name), vezirabad (Erivan, Mezra adı), daş‐
hana (Noyemberyan, kışlak), zerifhana (Sür‐
meli, village name), erebhana (Zengezur, village name), serdarabad (Şerur, village name), uzunabad (Kırkbulak, village name), hudaabad (Aralık, village name), cennetabad (Sürmeli, village name), cahangir (Şirakel, village name), ceferabad (İrevan, village name), şerfeabad (Şirakel, village name), şerebhana (Şirakel, village name), şirabad (Zengibasar, village name), şahidiallah (Revn, village name), gümüşhana (Şerur, village name). 2.5. Altered names: avdalar, aslı abdallar, (İrevan, Kırkbulak), ağahemzeli, aslı Ağam‐
zalı, (Erivan, Zengibasar), aysası, aslı ayısesi, Dereleyaz, village name), arıveli, aslı Dede Korkut’ta arkubeli, (Aleksandrapol, village name), basargeçer, aslı bazar geçer” 46 (Novo‐
beyazıt, village name), bendemurad, aslı bend‐i murad (Erivan village name), kazabşı, aslı kazançı (Zengezur, village name), kara‐
kovmaz, aslı karakoymaz (Erivan village name), karagula, aslı karagulle “siyah mermi” (Erivan, village name), karahesen, aslı karye hesen “Hasan köyü” (İrevan, village name), kuşi, aslı kuşçu (Sürmeli, village name), dana‐
74 JOURNAL OF QAFQAZ UNIVERSITY kales, aslı dana kalesi (Kırkbulak, village name), eviş, aslı ibiş (Karbi, village name), katanı, aslı katanlı (Dereleyaz, village name), tohannebi, aslı tokay nebi (Eçmiadzin, village name), hurma, aslı uruma “Rum” (Zengezur, village name), herkes, aslı erkez (Abaran, mezra), 2.6. Attributed Group: ağzıböyük (Lorı, Çay adı), ağzıkanlı (Revan, Şerebhane), ağzıeğri “menbası ayrı olan dere” (İrevan, Novobeya‐
zıt), karnıyarık (Sürmeli, mountain name), ağzıbir “üç tarafı kapalı yer” (İrevan, Novobe‐
yazıt). 2.7. Adjective‐Verb Group: ayıbasan (Revan, Aralık nahiyesi), boğazkesen (Erivan, village name), bozdoğan (Erivan, village name), bül‐
bülölen (Erivan, village name), kedim yol‐
çeken (İrevan, village name), kızılveren (Vedibasar, village name), konakkıran (İrevan, village name), konak görmez (Yelizavetpol, mountain name), kuzugüden (Sürmeli, village name), kurban kesilen (Dereleyaz, village name), demirçıhan (İrevan, village name), dervişkıran (irevan, mezra adı), donuz yiyen (zengibasar, village name), itkıran (Dereleyaz, village name), ilançalan (Karnibasar, village name), su tökülen (Taln, village name), teke‐
donduran (Şerur, village name), uçan (Kar‐
bibasar, village name), hemir kesen (Dere‐
kendi, village name), çatkıran (Vedibasar, village name), çerçiboğan (Şerur, village name), çamışbasan (Vedibasar, village name), can‐
kurtaran (Novobeyazıt, village name). 2.8. Arabic Phrases: ebi’l‐kend (Zengibasar, village name), ebü’l‐güney (Sisyan, dağ), ebu’l‐şeyh (Revan, village name). 2.9. United names: er hacı (İrevan, village name), molla kasım (abaran, village name), molla ömer (Sürmeli, village name), molla hıdır (İrevan, village name), molla abdi (Hızırek, village name), tatar osman (Abaran, village name), hacı bayram (Serdarbabad, village name), hacı ilyas (Zengibasar village name), hacı mecnun (İrevan, dağ), hacı muhan (Novobeyazıt, village name), hacı helil Philology and Pedagogy
Turkish place names in Armenia (İrevan, village name), kara memmed (Amas‐
ya, village name), kara murad (Dereçiçek, village name), kara mahmud (Dereçiçek, village name), yeniceli isa çelebi (Revan, village name), cin cevad (Sürmeli, dağ), şam derviş (Abaran, village name), şah veli (İrevan, village name), şeyh nurhan (Tumanyan, village name), şeyh mirze (Sürmeli, village name), Şeyh karni (Eçmiadzin, village name), şeyh hesen (Abaran, mezra), kürd helil (Aralık, village name), gül ehmed (Dereken, village name), mayalı dursun (Eçmiadzin, village name), han veli (İrevan, village name), hacı abbas (Sürmeli, village name). 2.10. Title group: heyder bey (Kukaysan, village name), kemal paşa (Abnik, village name), ali ağa (Gümrü, Yurd adı), ebdi oğlu (Revan, village name), zeynel ağa (Dereçiçek, village name), musa derviş (Vedi, village name). 2.11. Former Turkish Names: aseçe, asu+çe, asu “kırmızı kil”, (Kırkbulak, village name), balık, “şehir” (Gafan, village name), korgan (Sürmeli, dağ). 2.12. Diminutive names: bazarcık (Erivan, village name), bahçacık (Erivan, village name), kalacık (Erivan, village name), kızılçık (Şiraken, village name). have been in touch with throughout the history and have been using the words as the place names. Besides, the place names provide infor‐
mation about the natural features and the vegetation cover of the region as well. Mentioned aspect of the toponyms is just like a genetic map of the region. From the place names, it is possible to obtain infor‐
mation about the history, social structure and cultural values of the region, even the occupations of people living in this area. Also, it is striking that the place names in Armenia show similarities with the names in Azerbaijan, even Turkey and other Turkic Republics. Especially, it is an important indicator in terms of cultural unity that the names related to the history and the culture indicate similarities in Turkic regions. REFERENCES: Mehmet Saray, Azerbaycan Türkleri Tarihi, İstanbul 1993, s. 12. 1
Süleyman Eliyarlı, Azerbaycan Tarihi, Azerbay‐
can Neşriyatı, Bakı 1996, s. 44. 2
Süleyman Eliyarlı, age, s. 44. 3
Conclusion: Place names in Armenia were shaped by the influence of the Turkic customs and traditions and have become the symbols of the region in the time. These names are also important to reflect the Turkic culture, customs, traditions and the point view of Turkic people to the world. From the names in this region, it is possible to see the cultures and the languages that affected Turks. As seen in the place names in Armenia, Arabic and Persian elements have been used widely in the region. On the other hand, besides Arabic and Persian, it is seen in toponyms that Turks have borrowed words from the nations they Number 29, Volume 1, 2010 Gıyaseddin Geybullayev, Azerbaycan Türkleri‐
nin Teşekkülü Tarihi, Bakı 1994, s. 131. 4
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Gıyaseddin Geybullayev, Gadim Türkler ve Ermenistan, s. 89–126. 6
Mahmut İsmail, Azerbaycan Halkının Yaranması, Bakı 1995, s. 56. 7
Ziya Bünyadov, Azerbaycan VII‐IX Esrlerde, Bakı 2005, s. 125. 8
Süleyman Eilyarlı, age, s. 216. 9
10
Eziz Elekberli, Gadim Türk‐Oğuz Yurdu Erme‐
nistan, Bakı 1994, s. 17. 11
Azerbaycan Tarihi, cilt: 3, Bakı 1999, s. 83. 12
İ. Memmedov, S. Esedov, age, s. 13. 13
Eziz Elekberli, age, s. 18. 14
Azerbaycan Tarihi, cilt:1, Bakı 2005, s. 15
Azerbaycan Tarihi, cilt: 3, Bakı 1999, s. 404. 75
Erdal Karaman Vidadi Umudoğlu, “Kuzey Azerbaycan’ın Çar Rusyası Tarafından İşgali ve Sömürgeciliğe Karşı Mücadele”, Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları, Sayı: 124, Şubat 2000/01, s. 57. 16
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Sabir Esedov, age, s. 93 34
Vagif Arzumanlı, age, s. 100. 35
Sabir Esedov, age, s. 93. 36
Vagif Arzumanlı, age, s. 103. 37
Habib Rahimoğlu, Deportasiya, Silinmez İzler, Sağalmaz Yaralar, Bakı 1998, s. 152. 17
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ya Birleştirilmesi Tarihinden, Bakı 1997, s. 52‐57. 18
Vidadi Umudoğlu, age, s. 64. 19
Vidadi Umudoğlu, age, s. 74‐75. 20
38
İbrahim Bayramov, Gerbi Azerbaycan Toponim‐
ler Sistemi, s. 40. Habib Rahimoğlu, age, s. 153. 39
Safyar Musayev, Azeraycan Gazeti, 25 Temmuz 1997. 24.04.2008 tarihinde Abbas SEFEROV’la yapmış olduğumuz mülakattan alınmıştır. 40
İbrahim Bayramov, Gerbi Azerbaycan Toponim‐
ler Sistemi, Bakı 2005, s. 41. Galibe Gültekin, Güney Azerbaycan’ın Doğusun‐
daki Yer Adları, İstanbul 2001, s. 12. 41
Doğan Aksan, Her Yönüyle Dil, Anakara 2003, s. 195 42
Hasan Eren, Yer Adlarımızın Dili, http://turkoloji .cu.edu.tr/YENI%20TURK%20DILI/eren.pdf, (05.02.2009) 43
T.M. Ahmedov, Azerbaycan Toponimikasının Esasları, Bakı 1991, s. 9. Atahan Paşayev, Deportasiya, Köçürülme, Bakı 1998, s. 53–54. 44
S. M. Mollazade, Azerbaycan Toponimleri, Bakı 1985, s. 6. H. Hüseynov, Zengezur Dağlarında, Bakı 1972, s. 112. 45
Doğan Aksan, age, . 105 46
B. Budakov, G. Geybullayev, age, s. 149. 21
22
23
İbrahim Bayramov, age, s. 43–45. 24
İ. Memmedov, S. Esedov, Ermenistan Azerbay‐
canlıları ve Onların Acı Taleyi, Bakı 1992, s. 26. 25
İ. Memmedov, S. Esedov, age, s. 23. 26
Azerbaycan SSR EA Haberleri, 1989, No: 4, s. 120. 27
28
29
İ. Memmedov, S. Esedov, age, s. 23. 30
76 JOURNAL OF QAFQAZ UNIVERSITY Philology and Pedagogy