çalışma raporu - Genel Maden İşcileri Sendikası

Transkript

çalışma raporu - Genel Maden İşcileri Sendikası
GENEL MADEN ĐŞÇĐLERĐ SENDĐKASI
ÇALIŞMA RAPORU
10. OLAĞAN GENEL KURUL
4-5 Nisan 2015
Ekmek- Barış - Özgürlük
“Kömür bütün Türkiye’yi ihya edecek bir servettir”
“Zonguldak’ın derin toprakları altındaki servet-i madeniyye
ne kadar kıymetli ise Zonguldak da bizim nazarımızda
o kadar kıymetli bir vilayetimizdir”
GENEL MERKEZ YÖNETĐM KURULU
EYÜP ALABAŞ
Genel Başkan
SATILMIŞ ULUDAĞ
Genel Başkan Yard.
MUHARREM SARIÇAM
Genel Mali Sekreter
BEHZAT CĐNKILIÇ
Genel Sekreter
OSMAN TUTKUN
Genel Teşk. ve Eğt. Sek.
9/10 Nisan 2011 - 4/5 Nisan 2015
KARADON ŞUBE
Şube Başkanı
Şube Sekreteri
Şube Mali Sekreteri
Şube Teşkilat Sekreteri
ÜZÜLMEZ ŞUBE
Şube Başkanı
Şube Sekreteri
Şube Mali Sekreteri
Şube Teşkilat Sekreteri
KOZLU ŞUBE
Şube Başkanı
Şube Sekreteri
Şube Mali Sekreteri
Şube Teşkilat Sekreteri
ARMUTÇUK ŞUBE
Şube Başkanı
Şube Sekreteri
Şube Mali Sekreteri
Şube Teşkilat Sekreteri
AMASRA ŞUBE
Şube Başkanı
Şube Sekreteri
Şube Mali Sekreteri
Şube Teşkilat Sekreteri
Neşat CEBECĐ
Adnan TISKA
Seyfi ÖZKAYNAK
Hamza AÇIKGÖZ
Ergin CĐN
Süleyman BEZĐR
Orhan UZUN
Erdoğan BOSTANCI
Şaban KAPTAN
Özcan KÖSE
Tamer GÜVEN
Ramazan ÖZDEMĐR
Đsa MUTLU
Ali EŞĐTMEZ
Yılmaz ÇEVĐK
Sedat CEBECĐ
Hakkı ARSLAN
Dursun KOÇ
Celal VAKĐT
Bülent GÜNASLAN
MERKEZ SERVĐSLERĐ ŞUBE
Şube Başkanı
Niyazi AZAKLI
Şube Sekreteri
Metin AYAN
Şube Mali Sekreteri
Birol KUNDAKÇIOĞLU
Şube Teşkilat Sekreteri
Satılmış ÖZTÜRK
MTA-ĐŞ ŞUBE
Şube Başkanı
Şube Sekreteri
Şube Mali Sekreteri
Şube Teşkilat Sekreteri
DENETLEME KURULU
Fehmi KAHVECĐ
Ali KUZCUK
Cemalettin AKYOL
(Recep KÖSELER)
Sadi DEYNEZ
Hüseyin ERKOÇ
Kamil GÖKÇEOĞLU
Cüneyt ENGĐN
DĐSĐPLĐN KURULU
Soner SUSAM
Enver GÜLŞEN
Hakan KESKĐN
Ali EGELĐ
Adnan KÖROĞLU
Ekmek- Barış - Özgürlük
MADENCĐ FENERĐ SÖNMEYECEK
GENEL KURUL GÜNDEMĐ
DUYURU
GENEL MADEN ĐŞÇĐLERĐ SENDĐKASI
GENEL BAŞKANLIĞINDAN
Sendikamız, 10.Dönem Olağan Genel Kurulunun 04 Nisan 2015
Cumartesi günü saat: 10.00’dan, 05 Nisan 2015 Pazar günü saat:17.00’ye
kadar, Mithatpaşa Mahallesi Nizam Caddesi Şemsi Denizer Sokak No:9
Merkez/Zonguldak adresinde bulunan, Sendikamız Şemsi DENĐZER
Konferans Salonun’ da aşağıdaki gündeme göre yapılmasına,
Đlk toplantıda yeterli sayı sağlanamaması halinde ikinci toplantı,
11–12 Nisan 2015 Cumartesi- Pazar günleri aynı yer ve saatte aynı
gündeme göre yapılacaktır.
GÜNDEM:
1-Yoklama ve Açılış
2-Genel Başkanın Açış Konuşması
3-Divan Heyeti Seçimi
4-Saygı Duruşu
5-Konukların Takdimi ve Konuşmaları
6-Faaliyet Raporu, Mali Rapor, Denetleme Kurulu Raporu ve
Yeminli Mali Müşavir Raporlarının görüşülmesi,
7-Kurulların Đbrası
8-Tüzük değişikliklerinin görüşülmesi ve karara bağlanması,
9- Gayrimenkul satış ve alımlarının görüşülmesi ile
Yönetim Kuruluna yetki verilmesi,
10-Tahmini Bütçenin Görüşülmesi
11-Dilek ve Temenniler
12-Seçimler
A)
Sendika Yönetim Kurulu Asil Üyelikleri
a)- Bir Genel Başkan
b)- Bir Genel Başkan Yardımcısı
c)- Bir Genel Sekreter
d)- Bir Mali Sekreter
e)- Bir Teşkilatlandırma ve Eğitim Sekreteri
B) Sendika Yönetim Kurulu Yedek Üyeleri (Beş Yedek Üye)
C) Sendika Denetleme Kurulu Üyeleri (Üç Asil, Üç Yedek)
D) Sendika Disiplin Kurulu Üyeleri (Beş Asil, Beş Yedek)
E) Üst Kurul ( TÜRK-ĐŞ) Delegeleri
13- Kapanış.
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