simav19may2011

A Preliminary Report
The May 19, 2011 Simav, Turkey
Earthquake
Ömer AYDAN
Tokai University, Shizuoka, Japan
Visiting Professor , İstanbul Technical University
Halil KUMSAR
Pamukkale University
May 24 , 2011
CONTENTS
Major Characteristics
Location and Geography
Geology, Tectonics and
Pre-post Seismicity
Faulting Mechanism
Strong Ground Motions
Damage (building, geotechnical, lifelines, dams,
transportation)
Sources of Information
MAJOR CHARACERISTICS OF THE EARTHQUAKE
Location: near Simav town of Kütahya Prefecture of Turkey
Date: 23:15 (TST) on May 19, 2011
Magnitude: Mw 5.8-5.9; Ms 6.0; ML 5.7-5.9
Faulting Mechanism: Normal faulting with dextral strike
slip component associated with West Anadolu Fault System
Casulaties: 2 people as of May 21, 2011
Injured: 85 people
Affected population: 30000
2052 households heavily damaged or collapsed
Major towns and villages in the epicentral area
Map from Google
Geology－Faults
Modified from Oygür & Erler, 2000 (TJK, 43(1), 7-19)
Focal Mechanisms of Past
Major Earthquakes
Pre-Regional Seismicity
Aftershock Activity
Base map from EMSC
Focal Mechanism
Normal faulting along
north dipping fault.
The fault belongs to
Simav fault zone
This fault is said to
be normal fault with
a dextral lateral
component. The
earthquake fault is a
normal fault with a
dextral lateral
component.
From EMSC
Fault Striation Measurement and Their Focal Mechanism
sinistral
dextral
Two different fault striations on oblique
normal faults were observed. One of them
has a dextral lateral component while the
other one has a sinistral component.
Gediz
Strong Motions
Emet
From AFAD
Views of some of strong motion stations in the epicentral area
Gediz
Simav
Complete record at Simav SMS could
not be obtained due to power loss
Spectra of Selected Strong Motion Stations
400
EW
NS
UD
200
100
1
2
NATURAL PERIOD(s)
DURSUNBEY
3
Simav-Kutahya (M5.9 2011)
50
EW (h=5%)
40
EW
NS
UD
30
20
10
0
1
2
NATURAL PERIOD(s)
3
Simav-Kutahya (M5.9 2011)
EW (h=5%)
200
EW
NS
UD
100
0
ACCELERATION(gal)
60
EMET
ACCELERATION(gal)
EW (h=5%)
0
300
Simav-Kutahya (M5.9 2011)
300
ACCELERATION(gal)
ACCELERATION(gal)
GEDIZ
80
1
2
NATURAL PERIOD(s)
AKHISAR
3
Simav-Kutahya (M5.9 2011)
EW (h=5%)
60
EW
NS
UD
40
20
0
1
2
NATURAL PERIOD(s)
3
Permanent Ground Movements obtained from EPS method
100 mm
Base map from Google
2011 Simav Earthquake
MAXIMUM GROUND VELOCITY (kine)
MAXIMUM GROUND ACCELERATION (gal)
Amax & Vmax Attenuation
Vs=259 m/s
=0,180
=90
=270
Observation
Aydan(2001)-soil
300
100
30
Ms=5.8
Mw=5.8
ML=5.9
10
10
20
40
100
200
HYPOCENTER DISTANCE (km)
40
2011 Simav Earthquake
Ms=5.8
Mw=5.8
ML=5.9
20
10
4
2
1
Vs=259 m/s
=0,180
=90
=270
Observation
0.4
10
20
40
100
200
HYPOCENTER DISTANCE (km)
Collapse of Simple Structures
Gökçeler
Gökçeler
Simav
Simav
Yeşilova
Investigation Routes
Base map from Google
Building Damage
Mosques
Monuments
Hımış Building (Timber Frame with adobe infill walls)
Stone Masonry Buildings
Brick Masonry Buildings
Reinforced Concrete Buildings
Non-structural damage
Simav – Mosque 1
Simav – Mosque 2
Simav – Mosque 3
Yeşilova – Mosque
Karaderbent Mosque
Damaged in 1970 Gediz Earthquake
Performance of some historical tombs and monuments
Damage to Hımış or masonry buildings
Gökçeler
Karaderbent
Simav
Karamanca
Simav - Downtown
Complete collapse of ground floor due to soft floor problem
Koyuncuoğlu High School. Soft floor problem
Simav - Esenler
Damage at lower floors due to cracking between frame and infill walls
Simav - Esenler
Damage at lower floors due to cracking between frame and infill walls
Non-structural damage(Window Glass Breakage)
Kanal-1 Bridge (near Eynal Spa)
No damage except dislocation of embankment protection stone blocks
Non-damaged bridges
Near Gökçeler
Near Gökçeler
Near Gökçeler
Damage to Lifelines
Yeşilova Substation
Pumping Stations
Water pipes
Yeşilova Sub-station
No major problem. 12-13cm dislocation of transformers and perimetrical
damage to infill walls
Drinking water facilities
Yeşilova
Karamanca
Simav
Geotechnical Damage
Liquefaction
Embankment failure
Retaining-wall failure
Slope Failure and Rock Falls
Performance of Earthfill Dam
Performance of Eti Gümüş Tailing dams
Soil Liquefaction
There is a at least a 8 m thick clay layer at top. The buildings on flat
ground are founded over this clay layer. The site investigation clearly
shows that there are some slight settlement of ground up-to 5 cm in the
downtown of Simav. This may imply a partial liquefaction of soil layers
below the top clay layer.Furthermore, this top soft layer may amplify
ground motions with peculiar frequencies.
Simav
Settlement
Uplift
Embankment failure (Near Gökçeler)
Retaining-wall failure (near Gökçeler)
Toppling Failure and Rock Falls
Near Söğüt
Near Karamanca
Near Karamanca
Near Karamanca
Planar or wedge sliding failure
Near Söğüt
Near Karamanca
Near Karamanca
Near Karamanca
Near Karamanca
Non-damaged earthfill dam near Gökçeler
The earthfill dam was not damaged although it was 1 km away
from the epicenter
Performance of Eti Gümüş Tailing dams
Plan View
Tailing dams
Open-pit mine
Tailing dam between 2nd & 3rd ponds
failed due to piping and overtopping the
newly elevated part over the existing dam
before the earthquake. The perimetrical
dam has been strengthened now. The
maximum ground acceleration at the dam
site by this earthquake should be about 20
gals, which could not induce any damage
to tailings dams.
References
Aydan, Ö., M. Sezaki, R. Yarar (1996). The seismic characteristics of
Turkish Earthquakes. The 11th World Conf. on Earthquake Eng., CD-2,
Paper No:1270.
Aydan, Ö. and Ohta, Y. (2011a): A new proposal for strong ground
motion estimations with the consideration of characteristics of
earthquake fault. Seventh National Conference on Earthquake
Engineering,, Istanbul, Turkey.
Aydan, Ö. and Ohta, Y. (2011b):The erratic pattern screening (EPS)
method for estimation of co-seismic defromation of ground from
acceleration records and its applications.. Seventh National Conference
on Earthquake Engineering,, Istanbul, Turkey.
EMSC:http://www.emsc-csem.org/
ED:http://www.deprem.gov.tr/
Google Map:http://maps.google.com/
KOERI:http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/
Oygür, V. and Erler, A. (2000):Metallogeny of the Simav Grab
en (Inner-Western Anatolia, Turkey). Geological Bulletin of
Turkey Vol.43, No. 1, 7-19.
USGS: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to thank Yavuz Erkmen, the Governor
and İl Özel İdare of Denizli Province for logistic support and
the participation of Recep Demirci of İl Afet and Acil Durum
Director of Denizli Province and Erhan Ar of İl Özel Director
of Kütahya Province and information on strong motions records
and stations given by Turgay Kuru of Disaster and Emergency
Management Presidency, Ankara.