Legend of the Poznan Billy Goats - Break Stereotypes For A More

Transkript

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Önsöz
Masallar, efsaneler bir ayna gibi toplumların kültürlerini
yansıtırlar. Bizler bu hikayeleri okuyarak o toplumun inançları ,
kültürleri ve yaşam tarzları hakkında bir çok ipucu elde ederiz.
İşte bu anlayış içinde biz de Erasmus+ projesi ortakları olarak
birbirimizi daha yakından tanıma yolunda ışık tutabilmesi adına,
geleneksel efsanelerimizi, hikayelerimizi paylaştık.
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Preface
Legends and stories reflect the cultures of the societies like a
mirror.By reading these legends and stories we can get some clues
about the faiths ,cultures and life styles of these societies.That’s why
we, as partners of Erasmus + Project, have shared our
traditional legends and stories to lighten our way to get more
knowledge about each other.
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Prepared by:
Hülya ÖĞMEL
Didem GÖNEN
Arife Gülçin BAYRAKTAR
Caner DİNLER
Mariana BRATESCU
Agnieszka SCISKALA
Enza NOVARA
Antonella FODALE
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İçindekiler
Önsöz......................................................................................................................................................... 2
Preface ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
BÖLÜM 1 ....................................................................................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER 1..................................................................................................................................................... 7
Nasreddin Hoca Hikayeleri The stories of Nasreddin Hodja ........................................................................ 9
Hırs ızı n hiç mi s uçu yok .................................................................................................................... 10
No fault with the thief? ....................................................................................................................... 10
Mum Ateşiyle Pişen Yemek ................................................................................................................. 10
The meal cooked over a candlelight.................................................................................................... 11
Benden yana mısın? Ayıdan yana mı? ................................................................................................. 11
Whose side are you on? Mine or the bear’s? ..................................................................................... 11
Kazan Doğurdu .................................................................................................................................... 12
The Cauldron Gave Birth ..................................................................................................................... 12
Keloğlan ve Sihirli Mühür ........................................................................................................................ 13
The Bald Boy and the Magic Seal ............................................................................................................ 13
Keloğlan ve Sihirli Mühür .................................................................................................................... 14
The Bald Boy and the Magic Seal ........................................................................................................ 16
THE BOOK OF DEDE KORKUT ................................................................................................................... 21
Dirse Han Oğlu Boğaç Han Destanı Dede Korkut Hikayeler ................................................................ 22
Legend I: The Story of Bugach Khan, Son of Dirse Khan ...................................................................... 29
BÖLÜM 2 ..................................................................................................................................................... 38
CHAPTER 2................................................................................................................................................... 38
La leggenda di Cerere e Proserpina..................................................................................................... 40
THE LEGEND OF CERES AND PROSERPINA .......................................................................................... 40
La leggenda di Enea ed Anchise .......................................................................................................... 42
The legend of Aeneas and Anchises .................................................................................................... 43
La leggenda della Sicilia....................................................................................................................... 44
The “Legend of Sicily ........................................................................................................................... 45
BÖLÜM 3 ..................................................................................................................................................... 46
CHAPTER 3................................................................................................................................................... 46
Dracula .................................................................................................................................................... 48
The Legend of the Craftsman Manole .................................................................................................... 55
The Legend of the Craftsman Manole ................................................................................................. 57
Iulia Haşdeu............................................................................................................................................. 59
Iulia Haşdeu – ...................................................................................................................................... 63
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a shocking story about life and death.................................................................................................. 63
BÖLÜM 4 ..................................................................................................................................................... 66
CHAPTER 4 1................................................................................................................................................ 66
Stereotypical Book of Local Stories ........................................................................................................ 68
LegendoftheDevilandCastleHill ........................................................................................................... 69
LegendaoDiableiGórzeZamkowej ....................................................................................................... 70
StereotypicalBook of Local Stories .......................................................................................................... 71
The Legendof Poznan St. MartinCroissants............................................................................................ 72
Legenda o rogalach świętomarcińskich ................................................................................................. 73
TheLegendofthefoundationofPoznan ................................................................................................. 75
Legenda o założeniu Poznania ............................................................................................................... 77
LegendofthePoznanBillyGoats ............................................................................................................ 80
Legenda o koziołkach z ratuszowej wieży................................................................................................ 81
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BÖLÜM 1
CHAPTER 1
7
İçindekiler
BÖLÜM 1 ....................................................................................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER 1..................................................................................................................................................... 7
Nasreddin Hoca Hikayeleri The stories of Nasreddin Hodja ........................................................................ 9
Hırs ızı n hiç mi s uçu yok .................................................................................................................... 10
No fault with the thief? ....................................................................................................................... 10
Mum Ateşiyle Pişen Yemek ................................................................................................................. 10
The meal cooked over a candlelight.................................................................................................... 11
Benden yana mısın? Ayıdan yana mı? ................................................................................................. 11
Whose side are you on? Mine or the bear’s? ..................................................................................... 11
Kazan Doğurdu .................................................................................................................................... 12
The Cauldron Gave Birth ..................................................................................................................... 12
Keloğlan ve Sihirli Mühür ........................................................................................................................ 13
The Bald Boy and the Magic Seal ............................................................................................................ 13
Keloğlan ve Sihirli Mühür .................................................................................................................... 14
The Bald Boy and the Magic Seal ........................................................................................................ 16
THE BOOK OF DEDE KORKUT ................................................................................................................... 21
Dirse Han Oğlu Boğaç Han Destanı Dede Korkut Hikayeler ................................................................ 22
Legend I: The Story of Bugach Khan, Son of Dirse Khan ...................................................................... 29
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Nasreddin Hoca Hikayeleri The stories of
Nasreddin Hodja
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Nasreddin Hoca Hikayeleri – The stories of Nasreddin Hodja
Hırs ızı n hiç mi s uçu yok?
Bir gün Nasreddin Hoca’nın eşeği çalınmış. Can sıkıntısı içinde durumu komşularına anlatınca
her kafadan bir ses çıkmaya başlamış. Birisi:
Hocam, niye ahırın kapısına iyi bir kilit takmadın sanki? Bir başkası:
Evine hırsız giriyor da senin nasıl haberin olmuyor? Bir diğeri de:
Hocam, kusura bakma ama eşeğin çalınmasına en büyük sebep yine sensin. Çünkü doğru
dürüst bir ahırın bile yok. Nerden baksan dökülüyor. Hoca söylenenlere kızmış:
Yahu! İyi, güzel de kabahatin hepsi benim mi? Hırsızın hiç mi suçu yok?
No fault with the thief?
Nasreddin Hodja has his donkey stolen. Grieving over his loss to his neighbours, he hears them
all talking atonce:
-”hodja, why on earth didn’t you put a good lock on the barn door?” says one.
-”A thief breaks in, and you are unaware!” criticizes another. Yet another
blames Hodja:
-”Please don’t take offense but you alone are to blame for it as you do not even have a decent
barn. I’ts falling to pieces, period!”
Indignat at the criticism, Hodja reacts:
-”For Heaven’s sake! If you say but is the fault all mine? No fault with the thief?
Mum Ateşiyle Pişen Yemek
Bir gün Nasreddin Hoca ve arkadaşları iddiaya tutuşurlar. Eğer Hoca karanlık ve soğuk bir
gecede, sabaha kadar köy meydanında bekleyebilirse arkadaşları ona güzel bir ziyafet
çekeceklerini söylerler. Şayet bunu beceremezse, o arkadaşlarına ziyafet çekecektir.
Karalaştırılan gün Hoca, meydanın ortasında sabaha kadar tir tir titreyerek bekler. Sonra yanına
gelenlere der ki:
Tamam. İddiayı kazandım.
Ne oldu, ne yaptın?
Bekledim sabaha kadar.
Arkadaşları yine bir hinlik düşünür ve derler ki:
Hayır. Sen uzaktaki bir mum ışığı ile ısınmışsın. İddiayı kaybettin! Ziyafetimizi hazırla. Hoca
çaresiz kabul eder. Ziyafet vakti kocaman bir kazanın altına minicik bir mum koyar. Misafirler
büyük kazanın altındaki küçücük mumu görünce;
Hoca ne yapıyorsun, derler. Hoca kıs kıs gülerek cevap verir:
Bu mum sıcağıyla size yemek pişireceğim arkadaşlar. Uzaktaki bir mum ışığıyla ben nasıl
ısındıysam, sizin yemeğiniz de bu kazanda öyle pişicek!
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The meal cooked over a candlelight
One day, Nasreddin Hodja and his friends make a be. If Hodja can stay outside in the village
square on a cold, dark night his friends wil treat him to a feast. If Hodja fails, then the will be the
one to prepare the feast. Hodja waits trembling in the middle of the square till the morning on the
decided day. Then he tells his friends who come near him:
-”It’s over. I’ve won.”
-”But how? What did you do?”
-”I waited till morning.”
Cunning as ever, his friends say:
-”No way. You were kept warm by the light of a distant candle. You lost the bet, now prepare our
feast.”
Hodja has no choice but to agree. When it is time for the feast he places a tiny candle under a
huge cauldron. Upon seeing this, his guests protest:
-”Oh, heck! What are you doing, Hodja?” Hodja chuckles
and says:
-”I’m going to cook you meal over this candlelight, my dear friends. This meal will be cooked by
the heat just lise I was kept warm by it.”
Benden yana mısın? Ayıdan yana mı?
Nasreddin Hoca bir gün yolda yürürken yanına bir adam yaklaşır ve şöyle der:
Hocam, şimdi bir ayı gelse ne yaparsın?
Nasreddin Hoca hemen yerden iki taş alır ve bunlarla kendimi savunurum, der. Adam tekrar
sorar:
Diyelim ki taş yok o zaman ne yapacaksın? Hoca bu sefer:
Kaçarım, der. Adam da:
Ayı senden hızlı koşar ve seni yakalar, o zaman ne yapacaksın? Hoca artık
dayanamaz,
Bra hain, sen benden yana mısın yoksa ayıdan yana mı?
Whose side are you on? Mine or the bear’s?
Walking down the street, Nasreddin Hodja is stopped by a man one day. He asks Hodja:
-”Hodja, what whould you do if you met a bear now?” Picking up two
stones, Hodja says:
-”I’d defend myself with these.”
-”Suppose you didn’t have the stones, what then?” the man asks.
-”I’d run away” says Hodja.
-”The bear would run faster and catch you, then what?” says the man.
-”I’d climb a tree.” says Hodja.
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-”So whould the bear, then what?” asks the man. Having had
enough of this, Hodja loses his cool:
-”Damn you, traitor! Whose side are you on?
Kazan Doğurdu
Nasreddin Hoca bir gün, bir komşusundan kazanını ödünç ister, İade ederken hem teşekkür eder,
hem de minik bir kazan koyar.Komşusu merakla bu minik kazanı sorunca;
Komşu, bizdeyken kazanın doğurdu, der. Komşusu bu işe pek sevinir. Aradan epey zaman
geçer. Hoca yine komşusundan kazanını ödünç ister. Komşusu da sevinerek verir. Ama bu kez
aradan günler, haftalar, hatta aylar geçer, kazandan ve Hoca’dan ses çıkmaz. Nihayet bir gün
komşusu konuyu açmaya karar verir,
Hoca bizim kazan ne oldu, diye sorar. Hoca da üzgün bir ifadeyle,
-Komşu çok zaman geçti aradan ve senin kazan öldü. Sana nasıl söyleyeceğimi düşünüp
duruyordum, der. Bunun üzerine sinirlenen komşusu:
Hocam ne diyorsun? Hiç kazan ölür mü? Kazan canlı mı ki ölsün, deyince Hoca cevabı
yapıştırır:
Doğurduğunu kabul ediyorsun da öldüğünü neden kabul etmiyorsun?
The Cauldron Gave Birth
One day, Nasreddin Hodja borrows a cauldron from his neighbour. When returning it, he thanks
the neighbour and puts a small cauldron in it. The neighbour wonders what the smaller cauldron is
about. Hodja tells the neightbour that his big cauldron gave bitrth to a smaller one, so the
neighbour is glad. After a long while, Hodja asks his neighbour to lend his couldron again. The
neighbour willingly agress to give it.
However, this time there is no word of either Hodja or the cauldron even after a long time.
Finally, the neighbour decides to broach the subjest one day.
-”Hodja, what’s happened to my cauldron?”
-”My dear neighbour, it’s been ages since then and your cauldron has died. I was wondering how
to break the bad news.” Hodja says sadly.
Furious at this, the neighbour asks:What are you saying?" shouted the neighbor. A cauldron
does not live, and it cannot die. Return it to me at once!"
"One moment!" answered the Hodja. "This is the same cauldron that but a short time ago gave
birth to a child, a child that is still in your possession. If a cauldron can give birth to a child, then it
also can die."
And the neighbor never again saw his cauldron.
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Keloğlan ve Sihirli Mühür
The Bald Boy and the Magic Seal
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Keloğlan ve Sihirli Mühür
Bir gün, Keloglan pazarda tohumlarını sattıktan sonra evine dogru yürüyormus. O gün pazarda 3
tane altın kazanmıs ve bu da onu çok mutlu etmis; çünkü annesi artık bu üçaltınla kendisine kıs
için kıyafet ve yiyecek alabilecekmis.
Keloglan, birden bir grup çocugun bir kediyi sopayla rahatsız ettigini görmüs. Kedi çok korkmus
gözüküyormus ve grubun elinden kurtulması mümkün degilmis.
Keloglan hemen ortaya atılmıs. Alın su altını da onu dövmeyi bırakın, demis. Adamlar kediyle
ugrasmayı bırakmayı kabul etmis ve Keloglan altını çocuklara vermis. Kedi Keloglan’a minnettar
kalmıs ve yanından ayrılmamıs. Bu iyiliginin karsılıgını ileride bir gün ödemeye söz vermis.
Keloglan bir kedinin kendisine nasıl yardım edebilecegini o an için hayal edememis ama kedinin
kendisine katılmasını kabul etmis. Böylece iki arkadas yollarına devam etmisler.
Keloglan ve kedi birkaç kilometre yürümüsler ki birkaç kisinin sürekli havladıgı için bir köpegi
sopaladıgını görmüsler. Keloglan yavasça çiftin yanına yaklasmıs ve kibarca
Durun ne
yapıyorsunuz, “Alın su altını da o hayvanı dövmeyi bırakın.” demis. Kopek kendisini kurtardıgı için
çocuga minnettarmıs ve o da Keloglan’a katılmıs. Böylece üç arkadas eve dogru yollarına devam
etmisler.
Tam sehre yakalamıslar ki yine bir kalabalıkla karsılasmıslar. Bu seferde oduncular bir mese
kesmis ve içinden çıkan büyük yılanı öldürmeye çalısıyorlarmıs. Yine Keloglan dayanamamıs ve
“Su bir altını alın da o yılanı serbest bırakın.” demis. Mese kesiciler Keloglan’ın teklifi hakkında
bir sure düsünmüsler ve sonunda yılanı öldürmemeyi kabul etmisler. Keloglan da kalan son
altınını hiç düsünmeden vermis ve yılanı kurtardıgı içinçok mutlu olmus. Yılan Keloglan’a
minnettar kalmıs ve çocugun kulagına fısıldamıs “Hayatimi kurtardıgın için tesekkürler ademoglu,
ben de padisah yılanının ogluyum. Sen simdi benim sarayıma gelmelisin ki babam da sana
kibarlıgın için tesekkür edebilsin”.Keloglan’ın yemek almak için parası kalmamıs olmasına
ragmen üç arkadasının da hayatını kurtardıgı için çok mutluymus ve yılanın teklifini kabul etmis.
Ormana geldikleri zaman padisah, oglunun hayatını kurtardıgı için Keloglan’a minnettarmıs. “Dile
benden ne dilersen, âdemoglu!” demis. Tam bu sırada padisahın oglu sehzade yılan Keloglan’a
fısıldayıp, dilinin altındaki mührü istemesini söylemis. “Bu mühürle bütün dileklerin gerçek olur.
Tüm yapman gereken sormak sonrasında sana verilir”. Keloglan da sihirli mührü istemis ve
padisah yılan da demis ki “Benden en degerli varlıgımı istiyorsun ancak sen oglumun hayatini
kurtardın ben de bu yüzden sana ne dilersen verecegim.” Padisah dilinin altından sihri çıkarmıs
ve Keloglan da mührü alıp cebine koymus. Ama Keloglan padisah yılana annesine yeni bir hayat
kuracagına ve de kralın kızıyla evlenecegine söz vermis.
Ertesi gün Keloglan annesine “Anne bana git padisahın küçük kızını iste.” demis. Annesi de
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Keloglan’a bunu nasıl yapacagını sormus. Kedi ve köpegin ona yardım edemeyecegini söylemis.
Iste o zaman Keloglan annesine tüm dileklerini gerçeklestirebilecek olan sihirli mührü anlatmıs.
Ertesi gün kralın kızını istemek için Keloglan kedi ve köpekle saraya dogru yol almıs Çocuk
güzel prensesle evlenmek istedigini söylediginde kral “Kızımın bu kadar fakir bir çocukla
evlenmesini kabul edemem. Eger benim kızımla evlenmek istiyorsan önce benim sarayımın
yanına baska bir saray yaptırmalısın ki ben de kızımın iyi bakılacagını bileyim. Ama senin böyle
bir sarayı kedi ya da köpekle yapman imkansız.” demis.
O gece Keloglan mührü dilinin altında tutmus ve kendine ait bir sarayı olmasını dilemis.
Birden gökyüzünde gözleri kör edici bir ısık belirmis. Isık dagıldıgı zaman ormanın kenarında ay
ısıgında parıldayan muhtesem bir saray belirmis. Su ana kadar gördügü enen görkemli saray
artık onun sarayıymıs.
Kral çocugun gerçekten bir saray yaptıgını görünce çaresizce kızını vermeye razı olmus.
Böylece Keloglan ve prenses o gün evlenmisler. Keloglan’ın annesi Keloglan ve prensesle
oturmaya baslamıs ve Keloglan onu kraliçeler gibi yasatmıs. Kedi ve
kopek de yeni
hayatlarından mutlularmıs.
Aylar geçmis, Keloglan artık herhangi bir sey dilemiyormus çünkü çok sevdigi karısıyla zaten çok
mutluymus. Hatta sihirli mührü kendisine ait olan bir odaya koymus ve bundan prensese hiç
bahsetmemis.
Ancak bir gün, Keloglan pazara gittiginde boncukçu bir adam kapıyı çalmıs ve prensese
incik boncuk satmak istemis. “Bunlar çok güzel boncuklar bunlardan mutlaka almalısın.”
demis. Hiç parası olmadıgını söyleyen prensese, evde bulunan ne varsa saraydaki herhangi bir
seyle degismek istedigini söylemis. “Duydugum kadarıyla sizin evde hiç isinize yaramayan sihirli
bir mühür varmıs boncukları o mühürle degisebilirim” demis. Prenses de mührü vermis, boncukçu
adam da karanlıkta hemen ortadan kaybolmus. Mühür gider gitmez saray ortadan kaybolmus,
prenses ve anne sogukta ortada kalmıslar. Kral sarayın ortadan kayboldugunu görünce kızını geri
almıs ve Keloglan’a eger kendisine bakamayacaksa kızının onunla birlikte olamayacagını
söylemis.
Keloglan evine geri döndügünde annesini yalnız bulduguna, sarayın kaybolduguna ve güzel
karısının babasına döndügüne çok üzülmüs. Keloglan sihirli mührü nasıl
bulacagını bilmiyormus ve mutlu hayatinin sonsuza kadar bitip bitmediginden de artık emin
degilmis.
O sırada kedi “Ben mührü bulabilirim ama nehri geçemem.” demis. Derken kopek ortaya atlayıp
“Ben seninle nehri geçebilirim, sen sırtıma çıkarsın, sonra da birlikte mührü buluruz.” demis.
Böylece sadik kedi ve kopek sihirli mührü bulmak için yola çıkmıslar. Nehre geldiklerinde kedi
köpegin sırtına çıkmıs ve köpek nehri geçmis. Nehri geçtikten sonra kedi havayı koklamaya
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baslamıs ve boncukçu adamın ormanda bıraktıgı izleri köpekle birlikte takip etmeye baslamıslar.
Boncukçu adamın yasadıgı yeri bulmaları hiç zor olmamıs. Boncukçu adamı bulmuslar ve
klubenin penceresinden adamın sandalyesinde derin bir uykuda oldugunu görmüsler. Kedi,
“Ben fare yakalayacagım, sen de karabiber bulmalısın.” demis.
Kedi fareyi yakalamıs ve fareye klubeye girmesini ve mührü satıcının dilinin altından almasını
söylemis. Köpek de farenin kuyruguna karabiber sürmüs. Küçük fare aceleyle klubeye girmis ve
satıcının bacaklarından yukarı dogru tırmanmıs. Fare,
kuyrugunu salladıgında karabiberler
boncukçu adamın burnuna kaçmıs ve adam hapsırmıs.
Böylece mühür havaya uçmus ve fare küçük patileriyle mührü yakalamıs. Küçük fare klubeden
telasla kaçmıs ve sihirli mührü kediyle köpege iade etmis. Onlar da hemen geri dönmüsler.
Bir kez daha kedi kopegin sırtına çıkmıs nehri geçip eve dönmüsler. Köpek mührü sahibine vermis
ve saray tüm görkemiyle tekrar belirmis. Sarayın geri gelmesiyle Kral kızın bir kez daha Keloglan
ile yasamasına izin vermis. Tüm bunlardan sonra Kral da kızının Keloglan’a asık oldugunu
anlamıs.
Keloglan güzel karısının eve dönüsü için büyük bir eglence vermeye karar vermis. Keloglan ile
prenses kırk gün kırk gece süren bir dügünle tekrar evlenmisler. Dügüne bütün kasaba
davetliymis.
Keloglan’ın annesi ve kral aslında kedi ve köpegin sahiplerine sadik olduktan sonra çok sey
yapabileceklerine karar vermisler. Keloglan da gülümsemis; çünkü asıl önemli olanın arkadaslık
oldugunu,
arkadasların
birbirlerine
her
zaman
yardım
edecegini
hep
biliyormus.
The Bald Boy and the Magic Seal
One day, Bald Boy was walking back from the marketplace after selling his crops to the people
of the neighbouring village. He had made three gold coins that day and was very pleased with
himself because now his mother would be able to buy food and clothing to last through the long
winter.
Suddenly Bald Boy came across a group of men who were teasing a cat with a long stick. The
cat looked very scared and was unable to escape. Bald Boy walked up to the men and said in a
kindly voice: ‘Please stop teasing that poor cat. If you stop, I will give you a gold coin.’
The men agreed to put down the stick and Bald Boy handed over a shiny gold coin. The cat was
very grateful to the boy and walked by his side. He promised that if ever he was able to repay
the boy’s kindness, he would surely jump at the chance. Bald Boy could not imagine how a cat
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might help him in his life, but he agreed that the cat could join him, and so the two friends
continued on their journey back to the boy’s home in the neighbouring village.
The boy and the cat walked for a few miles until they came across an old man and an old woman
who were beating a dog because it had been barking too loudly. Bald Boy approached the old
couple and said in a kindly voice: ‘Please stop beating that poor dog. If you stop, I will give you a
gold coin.’
The old couple stopped beating the dog and took the gold coin from the boy. The dog was very
grateful to the boy for saving him from the old couple, and he asked to join the boy and promised
that he would always be faithful and help whenever he could. The young boy could not imagine
how a dog might help him in his life, but he agreed that the dog could join him, and so the three
friends continued on their journey home.
Not long after this, Bald Boy and his new companions stumbled upon two woodcutters in the
forest who were trying to kill a snake with their sharp axe. Bald Boy walked up to the angry
woodcutters and said in a kindly voice: ‘Please do not kill that snake with your axe. If you leave
the snake in peace, I will give you a gold coin.’
The woodcutters thought about Bald Boy’s proposition for a moment and then agreed to put down
the axe. The boy handed over his last gold coin without thinking because he was happy to have
saved the snake from certain death.
The snake was very grateful and slithered up to whisper in the boy’s ear.
‘Thank you, Son of Adam, for saving my life. I am the son of the Snake Emperor and you must
come home with me so that my father might thank you in person for your kindness.’
Even though Bald Boy had no more gold coins to buy food, he was happy to have saved his
three friends and agreed to go and see the Snake Emperor before returning home to his mother.
When they arrived in the forest, the Snake Emperor was very grateful to Bald Boy for saving his
son’s life.
‘I will give you anything that you ask of me,’ said the Snake Emperor to the boy. It was then
that the young snake whispered in the boy’s ear once more.
‘Ask my father for his magic seal which he keeps under his tongue. With this seal all of your
wishes will come true. All you have to do is ask and it will be given.’
17
And so the boy asked the Snake Emperor for his magic seal, and the Snake Emperor replied:
‘You ask me for my most precious possession, but you saved my son’s life and I will grant you
what you ask.’
The Snake Emperor relinquished his magic seal and Bald Boy stuffed the seal into his pocket
and returned home with his faithful cat and faithful dog by his side.
When Bald Boy’s mother learned that her son had given away all of their gold coins she was
very angry, but the boy promised that he would make up for this loss by marrying the Emperor’s
daughter and making a new life for his mother.
‘And how will you do that, my son? This cat and this dog will not help you do such a thing.’
It was then that Bald Boy told his mother all about the magic seal that would grant his every wish.
The very next day, Bald Boy set off with his faithful cat and dog to the palace to ask for the hand
of the Emperor’s daughter.
‘I cannot allow my daughter to marry such a poor boy,’ said the Emperor when Bald Boy asked to
marry the beautiful princess. ‘If you wish to marry my daughter you
must first build a palace next to mine so that I know she will be well looked after. But I know that
you will not build such a palace with the help of a cat and a dog.’
That night, Bald Boy held the seal under his tongue and wished that he had a palace of his own.
Suddenly there was a blinding light in the night sky. And when the light faded, there at the edge
of the forest stood a magnificent palace gleaming beneath the light of the full moon! The most
magnificent palace the boy had ever seen. And it was his!
When the Emperor saw that the young boy had indeed built a beautiful palace, he agreed to the
marriage at once. And so it was that Bald Boy and the Princess were wed that very same day.
The mother moved in with her son and daughter and lived like a queen in her new home. And
the cat and the dog were also very happy in their new life.
The months passed and Bald Boy wished for nothing else as he was so happy with his new
wife whom he loved very much. And so he placed the magic seal in a room all of its own and
never told the Princess of its magical powers.
But one day, when Bald Boy was out at the marketplace, a crafty old bead seller knocked on the
door of the palace and enticed the beautiful Princess to buy some of his beads.
18
‘They are very fine beads, my Princess, and you would do well to buy them from me.’ ‘But I have
no coins with which to buy them,’ the Princess replied.
The crafty old bead seller said that he would be willing to trade his wares for something within the
palace. ‘I hear that you have a dusty old seal which you keep in a room in the palace; surely that
is no use to you. I will take the seal in exchange for all of my beads.’
Because she did not know any better, the Princess handed over the magic seal to the crafty old
bead seller who quickly disappeared across the lake towards his home in the dark forest
somewhere on the other side.
As soon as the seal was gone, the palace disappeared into thin air and the Princess and the
mother were left standing in the cold.
When the Emperor saw that the palace had disappeared, he reclaimed his daughter and
promised that she would not be with her new husband if he could not look after her.
When Bald Boy returned home that day he was very sad to find his mother alone, his palace
vanished, and his beautiful wife returned to her father. He did not know how to find the magic seal
and was sure that his new life was over forever.
The cat stepped up to the boy and said to him: ‘I can find the seal but I cannot swim across the
lake.’
Then the dog stepped forward and said to the cat: ‘I can swim across the lake with you on my
back and together we will find the magic seal.’
And so the faithful cat and the faithful dog set off on their journey to recapture the magic seal
from the crafty bead seller.
When they reached the river, the cat climbed up onto the dog’s back and the dog swam across to
the opposite bank. Once they were across, the cat began sniffing at the air and followed the scent
of the bead seller through the forest with the dog close behind.
It did not take long to find the cottage where the bead seller lived, and they could see through the
window that the old man was fast asleep in his chair before the fire.
‘I will catch us a mouse,’ said the cat, ‘while you find us some peppercorns to grind up with your
19
strong paws.’
And so the cat caught a little mouse and told it to sneak into the cottage and take the seal from
under the tongue of the crafty bead seller. The dog sprinkled the ground peppercorns onto the
mouse’s tail and the little mouse scurried into the cottage and climbed up the bead seller’s leg as
he slept soundly by the fire.
When the mouse wiggled his tail, the peppercorn dust went straight up the old man’s nose and
caused him to sneeze. It was then that the magic seal flew out into the air and the mouse caught
it in his tiny paws!
The little mouse ran from the cottage and returned the magic seal to the cat and the dog who
quickly made their way back through the forest towards the river.
Once again the cat climbed up onto the dog’s back and the brave dog swam across the great
river.
And so the faithful cat and the faithful dog returned the seal to their master and the palace
reappeared in a blinding flash of light.
Upon seeing the palace returned, the Emperor agreed that his daughter might once more live
with Bald Boy. After all, the Emperor could tell that his daughter was very much in love.
Bald Boy decided to throw a huge party to celebrate the return of his beautiful wife. The whole
village was invited and so began a feast that lasted for forty days and forty nights.
The mother and the Emperor agreed that there was indeed much that a cat and a dog could do if
they were faithful to their master.
Bald Boy smiled because he had learned that friends always help each other when they can, and
there is magic in such friendship. Perhaps even more so than in the magic seal.
20
Dirse Han Oğlu Boğaç Han Destanı Dede Korkut
Hikayeleri
THE BOOK OF DEDE KORKUT
Legend I: The Story of Bugach Khan, Son of Dirse
Khan
21
Dirse Han Oğlu Boğaç Han Destanı Dede Korkut Hikayeleri
Bir gün Kam Gan oğlu Han Bayındır yerinden kalkmıştı. Şami otağını yer yüzüne diktirmişti Alaca
gölgeliği gök yüzüne yükselmişti. Bin yerde ipek halıcığı döşenmişti. Hanlar hanı Bayındır yılda
bir kerre ziyafet verip Oğuz beylerini misafir ederdi. Gene ziyafet tertip edip attan aygır, deveden
erkek deve, koyundan koç kestirmişti. Bir yere ak otağ, bir yere kızıl otağ, bir yere kara otağ
kurdurmuştu. Kimin ki oğlu kızı yok, kara otağa kondurun, kara keçe altına döşeyin, kara koyun
yahnisinden önüne getirin, yerse yesin, yemezse kalksın gitsin demiştir. Oğlu olanı ak otağa, kızı
olanı kızıl otağa kondurun, oğlu kızı olmayana Allah Taala beddua etmiştir, biz de beddua
ederiz, belli bilsin demiş idi.
Oğuz beyleri bir bir gelip toplanmağa başladı. Meğer Dirse Han derlerdi bir beyin oğlu kızı yok idi.
Söylemiş, görelim hanım ne söylemiş:
Serin serin tan yelleri estiğinde
Sakallı boza çalan çayır kuşu öttüğünde Sakalı uzun
müezzin ezan okuduğunda
Büyük cins atlar sahibini görüp homurdandığında Aklı karalı
seçilen çağda
Göğsü güzel koca dağlara gün vuranca
Bey yiğitlerin kahramanların birbirine koyulduğu çağda sabahın ilk aydınlığında Dirse Han
kalkarak yerinden doğrulup, kırk yiğidini beraberine alıp Bayındır Han’ın sohbetine geliyordu.
Bayındır Han‘ın yiğitleri Dirse Han’ı karşıladılar. Getirip kara otağa kondurdular. Kara keçe, altına
döşediler. Kara koyun yahnisinden önüne getirdiler. Bayındır Han’dan buyruk böyledir hanım,
dediler.
Dirse Han der: Bayındır Han benim ne eksikliğimi gördü, kılıcımdan mı gördü. soframdan mı
gördü, benden aşağı kimseleri ak otağa, kızıl otağa kondurdu, benim suçum ne oldu ki kara
otağa kondurdu dedi.
Dediler: Hanım, bugün Bayındır Han’dan buyruk şöyledir ki oğlu kızı olmayana Tanrı Taala
beddua etmiştir, biz de beddua ederiz demiştir dediler.Dirse Han yerinden kalktı, der: Kalkarak
yiğitlerim yerinizden doğrulun, bu garaip bana ya bendendir ya hatundandır dedi. Dirse Han
evine geldi. Çağırıp hatununa söyler, görelim ne söyler:
Deyiş Der:
Beri gel başımın bahtı evimin tahtı Evden çıkıp
yürüyünce servi boylum Topuğunda sarmaşınca
kara saçlım Kurulu yaya benzer çatma kaşlım
Çift badem sığmayan dar ağızlım
Kavunum yemişim düvleğim Görüyor musun
neler oldu
Kalkarak Han Bayındır yerinden doğrulmuş, bir yere ak otağ, bir yere kızıl otağ, bir yere kara otağ
diktirmiş, oğulluyu ak otağa, kızlıyı kızıl otağa, oğlu kızı olmayanı kara otağa kondurun, kara keçe
altına döşeyin, kara koyun yahnisinden önüne getirin, yerse yesin, yemezse kalksın gitsin, onun
ki oğlu kızı olmaya Tanrı Taala ona beddua etmiştir, biz de beddua ederiz demiş. Ben varınca
gelerek karşıladılar kara otağa kondurdular, kara keçe altıma döşediler, kara koyun yahnisinden
önüme getirdiler, oğlu kızı olmayana Tanrı Taala beddua etmiştir, biz de beddua ederiz, belli bil
22
dediler: Senden midir, benden midir, Tanrı Taala bize bir topaç gibi oğul vermez nedendir, dedi,
söyledi:
Der:
Han kızı yerimden kalkayım mı Yakan ile
boğazından tutayım mı Kaba ökçemin altına
atayım mı
Kara çelik öz kılıcımı elime alayım mı Öz
gövdenden başını keseyim mi Can tatlılığını sana
bildireyim mi
Alca kanını yer yüzüne dökeyim mi Han kızı sebebi
nedir söyle bana Müthiş gazap ederim şimdi sana
dedi.
Dirse Han’ın hatunu söylemiş, görelim ne söylemiş. Der: Hey Dirse Han, bana gazap etme,
incinip acı sözler söyleme, yerinden kalk, alaca çadırını yer yüzüne diktir, attan aygır, deveden
erkek deve, koyundan koç keş, İç Oğuz’un Dış Oğuz’un beylerini basma topla, aç görsen doyur,
çıklak görsen donat, borçluyu borcundan kurlar, tepe gibi et yığ, göl gibi kımız sağdır, büyük
ziyafet ver, dilek dile, olur ki bir ağzı dualının hayır duası ile Tanrı bize bir topaç gibi çocuk verir,
dedi.
Dirse Han dişi ehlinin sözü ile büyük bir ziyafet verdi, dilek diledi. Attan aygır, deveden erkek
deve, koyundan koç kestirdi. İç Oğuz, Dış Oğuz beylerini basma topladı. Aç görse doyurdu.
Çıplak görse donattı. Borçluyu borcundan kurtardı.
Tepe gibi et yığdı, göl gibi kımız sağdırdı. El kaldırdılar, dilek dilediler. Bir ağzı dualının hayır
duası ile Allah Taala bir çocuk verdi. Hatunu hamile oldu. Bir nice müddetten sonra bir oğlan
doğurdu. Oğlancığım dadılara verdi, baktırdı. At ayağı çabuk, ozan dili çevik olur. Her kemikli
gelişir, kaburgalı büyür. Oğlan on beş yasma girdi. Oğlanın babası Bayındır Han’ın ordusuna
karıştı.
Meğer hanım. Bayındır Han’ın bir boğası var idi, bir de erkek devesi var idi. O boğa sert tasa
boynuz vursa un gibi öğütürdü. Bir yazın bir güzün boğa ile erkek deveyi savaştırırlardı. Bayındır
Han kudretli Oğuz beyleri île temaşa ederdi. seyreder eğlenirdi. Meğer sultanım, gene yazın
boğayı saraydan çıkardılar. Üç kişi sağ yanından, üç kişi sol yanından demir zincir île boğayı
tutmuşlardı. Gelip meydanın ortasında koyu verdiler. Meğer sultanım, Dirse Han’ın oğlancığı üç
de kabile çocuğu meydanda aşık oynuyorlardı. Boğayı koyu verdiler; oğlancıklara koç dediler. O
üç oğlan kaçtı.
Dirse Han’ın oğlancığı kaçmadı. ok meydanın ortasında baktı durdu. Boğa da oğlana sürdü geldi.
Diledi ki oğlanı helak kılsın. Oğlan yumruğu ile boğanın alnına kıyasıya tutup vurdu. Boğa geri
geri gitti. Boğa oğlana sürdü tekrar geldi. Oğlan yine boğanın alnına yumruğu île sert vurdu.
Oğlan bu sefer boğanın alnına yumruğunu dayadı, sürdü meydanın basma çıkardı. Boğa ile
oğlan bir hamle çekiştiler. İki kürek kemiğinin üstüne boğanın köpük bağlandı. Ne oğlan yener, ne
boğa yener. Oğlan fikreyledi, der: Bir dama direk vururlar, o dama destek olur, ben bunun alnına
niye destek oluyorum duruyorum dedi. Oğlan boğanın alnından yumruğunu giderdi, yolundan
sövüldü.
Boğa ayak üstünde duramadı, düştü tepesinin üstüne yikıldı Oğlan bıçağına el attı. boğanın
basını kesti. Oğuz beyleri gelip oğlanın basma toplandılar, aferin dediler. Dedem Korkut gelsin,
bu oğlana ad koysun, beraberine alıp babasına varsın, babasından oğlana beylik istesin, taht alı
versin dediler. Çağırdılar. Dedem Korkut gelir oldu.
23
Oğlanı alıp babasına vardı. Dede Korkut oğlanın babasına söylemiş, görelim hanım ne
söylemiş:
Der:
Hey Dirse Han beylik ver bu oğlana Taht ver
erdemlidir
Boynu uzun büyük cins at ver bu oğlana Biner olsun
hünerlidir
Ağıllardan on bin koyun ver bu oğlana Etlik olsun
hünerlidir
Develerden kızıl deve ver bu oğlana Yük taşıyıcı
olsun hünerlidir
Altın başlı otağ ver bu oğlana Gölge olsun
erdemlidir
Omuzu kuşlu cübbe elbise ver bu oğlana. Giyer olsun
hünerlidir.
Bayındır Han’ın ak meydanında bu oğlan cenk etmiştir, bir boğa öldürmüş senin oğlun, adı Boğaç
olsun, adını ben verdim yaşını Allah versin dedi. Dirse Han oğlana beylik verdi, taht verdi. Oğlan
tahta çıktı, babasının kırk yiğidini anmaz oldu.
O kırk yiğit haset eylediler, birbirine söylediler : Gelin oğlanı babasına çekiştirelim. olur ki öldürür,
gene bizim izzetimiz hürmetimiz onun babasının yanında hoş olur, ziyade olur dediler. Vardı bu
kırk yiğidin yirmisi bir yana. yirmisi de bir yana oldu. Önce yirmisi vardı, Dirse Han’a şu haberi
getirdi, der: Görüyor musun Dirse Han neler oldu, murada maksuda ermesin, senin oğlun kötü
çıktı hayırsız çıktı, kırk yiğidini yanına aldı, kudretli Oğuz’un üstüne yürüyüş etti, nerede güzel
ortaya çıktı ise çekip aldı, ak sakallı ihtiyarın ağzına sövdü, ak bürçekli kadının sütunu çekti, akan
duru sulardan haber geçer, çapraz yatan Ala Dağ’dan haber aşar, hanlar hanı Bayındır’a haber
varır, Dirse Han’ın oğlu böyle görülmemiş şey yapmış derler, gezdiğinden öldüğün daha iyi olur.
Bayındır Han seni çağırır, sana müthiş gazap eyler, böyle oğul senin nene gerek, böyle oğul
olmaktan olmamak daha iyidir, öldürsene dediler. Dirse Han varın getirin, öldüreyim, dedi. Böyle
deyince hanım, o namertlerin yirmisi daha çıka geldi ve bir dedikodu onlar da getirdiler. Der:
Kalkarak Dirse Han senin oğlun yerinden doğruldu, göğsü güzel koca dağa ava çıktı, sen var
iken av avladı kuş kuşladı, anasının yanma alıp geldi, al şarabın keskininden aldı içti. anası ile
sohbet eyledi, babasına kast eyledi, senin oğlun kötü çıktı hayırsız çıktı, çapraz yatan Ala
Dağ’dan haber geçer, hanlar hanı Bayındır’a haber varır, Dirse Han’ın oğlu böyle görülmemişşey
yapmış derler, seni çağırtırlar, Bayındır Han’ın katında sana gazap olur, böyle oğul nene gerek,
öldürsene dediler.
Dirse Han der: Varın getirin öldüreyim, böyle oğul bana gerekmez, dedi. Dirse Han’ın
hizmetkarları der: Biz senin oğlunu nasıl getirelim, senin oğlun bizim sözümüzü dinlemez, bizim
sözümüzle gelmez, kalkıp yerinden doğrul, yiğitlerini okşa beraberine al, oğluna uğra, yanına alıp
ava çık, kuş uçurup av avlayıp oğlunu oklayıp öldürmeğe bak, eğer böyle öldürmezsen bir türlü
daha öldüremezsin, belli bil dediler.
Deyiş:
Serin serin tan yelleri estiğinde
Sakallı boza çalan çayır kuşu öttüğünde
Büyük cins atlar sahibim görüp homurdandığında Sakalı uzun
24
müezzin ezan okuduğunda
Aklı karalı seçilen çağda
Kudretli Oğuzun gelininin kızının bezendiği çağda Göğsü güzel
koca dağlara gün vurunca
Bey yiğitlerin kahramanların birbirine koyulduğu çağda sabahın ilk
aydınlığında …
Dirse Han yerinden kalktı. Oğlancığını yanına alıp kırk yiğidi beraberine aldı, ava çıktı. Av
avladılar, kuş kuşladılar. O kırk namerdin bir kaçı oğlanın yanına geldi, der: Baban dedi geyikleri
kovalasın getirsin benim önümde tepelesin, oğlumun at koşturuşunu, kılıç çalışını, ok atışını
göreyim, sevineyim, kıvanayım, güveneyim dedi, dediler.
Oğlandır ne bilsin, geyiği kovalıyordu, getiriyordu. babasının önünde vuruyordu. Babam at
koşturuşuma baksın kıvansın, ok atışıma baksın güvensin, kılıç çalışıma baksın sevinsin
diyordu. O kırk namertler derler: Dirse Han, görüyor musun oğlanı, kırda bayırda geyiği
kovalıyor senin önüne getiriyor, geyiğe atarken ok ile seni vurup öldürecek, oğlun seni
öldürmeden sen oğlunu öldürmeğe bak dediler. Oğlan geyiği
kovalarken babasının önünden gelip gidiyordu. Dirse Han Korkut sinirli sert yayını eline aldı.
Üzengiye kalkıp kuvvetle çekti, doğrultup attı, oğlanı iki küreğinin arasından vurup çaktı, yıktı. Ok
isabet etti, alca kanı fışkırdı koynu doldu, büyük cins atının boynunu kucakladı yere düştü. Dirse
Han istedi ki oğlancığının üstüne gürleyip düştü. O kırk namert bırakmadı. Atının dizginim
döndürdü, yurduna gelir oldu. Dirse Han’ın hatunu oğlancığınım ilk avıdır diye attan aygır,
deveden erkek deve, koyundan koç kestirdi. Oğuz beylerine ziyafet vereyim dedi. Toparlanıp
yerinden kalktı, kırk ince kızı beraberine aldı, Dirse Han’a karşı vardı.
Başını kaldırdı Dirse Han’ın yüzüne baktı. Sağ ile soluna göz gezdirdi, oğlancığını görmedi. Kara
bağrı sarsıldı, bütün yüreği oynadı, kara süzme gözleri kan yaş doldu.
Çağırıp Dirse Han’a söyler, görelim hanım ne söyler: Beri gel
basımın bahtı evimin tahtı
Han babamın güveyisi Kadın anamın
sevgisi Babamın anamın verdiği Göz
açıp da gördüğüm Gönül verip sevdiğim
A Dirse Han
Kalkarak yerinden doğruldun
Yelesi kara cins atına sıçrayıp bindin Göğsü güzel koca
dağa ava çıktın
İki vardın bir geliyorsun yavrum hani Karanlık gecede
bulduğun oğul hani
Çıksın benim görür gözüm a Dirse Han yaman seğriyor Keşlisin
oğlanın emdiği süt damarım yaman sızlıyor San yılan sokmadan
akça temin kalkıp şişiyor
Yalnızca oğul görünmüyor bağrım yanıyor Kuru kuru
çaylara su saldım
Kara elbiseli dervişlere adaklar verdim
Aç görsem doyurdum çıplak görsem donattım Tepe gibi et
yığdım göl gibi kımız sağdırdım Dilek ile bir oğul zorla
buldum
Yalnız oğul haberini a Dirse Han söyle bana
Karşı yatan Ala Dağdan bir oğul uçurdunsa söyle bana Taşkın akan
koşan sudan bir oğul akıttınsa söyle bana Aslan ile kaplana bir oğul
25
yedirdinse söyle bana
Kara giyimli azgın dinli kafirlere bir oğul aldırdınsa söyle bana
Han babamın katına ben varayım Ağır hazine
bol asker alayım Azgın dinli kafire ben varayım
Paralanıp cins atımdan inmeyince
Yenim ile alca kanımı silmeyince Kol but olup yer
üstüne düşmeyince
Yalnız oğul yollarından dönmeyeyim
Yalnız oğul haberini a Dirse Han söyle bana Kara başım
kurban olsun bugün sana
dedi. feryat figan eyledi ağladı. Böyle deyince Dirse Han hatununa cevap vermedi, o kırk namert
karşı geldi, der: Oğlun sağdır esendir, avdadır, bugün yarın nerde ise gelir, korkma kaygılanma,
bey sarhoştur cevap veremez dediler.
Dirse Han’ın hatunu çekildi geri döndü. Dayanamadı, kırk ince kızı beraberine aldı. büyük cins ata
binip oğlancığım aramağa gitti. Kışta yazda karı buzu erimeyen Kazılı Dağına geldi çıktı. Alçaktan
yüce yerlere koşturup çıktı. Baktı gördü bir derenin içine karga kuzgun iner çıkar, konar kalkar.
Büyük cins atını ökçeledi, o tarata yürüdü. Meğer sultanım, oğlan orada yıkılmıştı. Karga kuzgun
kan görüp oğlanın üstüne konmak isterdi. Oğlanın iki köpekceğîzi var idi. kargayı kuzgunu
kovalardı, kondurmazdı. Oğlan orada yıkılınca boz atlı Hızır oğlana hazır oldu. Üç defa yarasını
eli île sıvazladı, sana bu yaradan korkma oğlan ölüm yoktur, dağ çiçeği ananın sütü ile senin
yarana merhemdir dedi, kayboldu.
Oğlanın anası oğlanın üstüne koşturup çıka geldi. Baktı gördü oğlancığı alca kana bulanmış
yatıyor. Çağırarak oğlancığına söyler, görelim hanım ne söyler:
Der:
Kara süzme gözlerim uyku bürümüş aç artık On iki
kemikçiğin harap olmuş topla artık
Tanrının verdiği tatlı canın seyranda imiş yakala artık Öz gövdende
canın var ise oğul haber bana
Kara başım kurban olsun oğul sana Akar senin
suların Kazılık Dağı
Akar iken akmaz olsun
Biter senin otların Kazılık Dağı Biter iken bitmez
olsun
Koşar senin geyiklerin Kazılık Dağı Koşar iken
koşmaz olsun taş keşlisin Ne bileyim oğul arslandan
mı oldu
Yoksa kaplandan mı oldu ne bileyim oğul Bu kazalar
sana nereden geldi
O gövdende canın var ise oğul haber bana Kara başım
kurban olsun oğul sana
Ağız diden bir kaç kelime haber bana
dedi. Böyle diyince oğlanın kulağına ses geldi. Başını kaldırdı, ansızın gözünü açtı anasının
yüzüne
baktı.
Söylemiş,
görelim
hanım
ne
söylemiş:
Der:
26
Beri gel ak sütunu emdiğim kadınım ana Ak bürçekli
izzetli canım ana
Akanlardan sularına beddua etme Kazılık Dağının
günahı yoktur Bitenlerden otlarına. beddua etme
Kazılık Dağının suçu yoktur
Koşan geyiklerine beddua etme Kazlık Dağının
günahı yoktur Arslan ile kaplanma beddua
etme Kazılık Dağının suçu yoktur Beddua
edersen babama et
Bu suç bu günah babamdandır
dedi. Oğlan yine der: Ana ağlama, bana bu yaradan ölüm yoktur korkma, boz atlı Hızır bana
geldi, üç kerre yaramı sıvazladı, bu yaradan sana Ölüm yoktur, dağ çiçeği, ananın sütü sana
merhemdir dedi. Böyle diyince kırk ince kız yayıldılar, dağ çiçeği topladılar. Oğlanın anası
memesin! bir sıktı sütü gelmedi. iki sıktı sütü gelmedi, üçüncüde kendisini zorladı, iyice doldu,
sıktı süt ile kan karışık geldi. Dağ çiçeği ile sütü oğlanın yaraşma sürdüler. Oğlanı ata bindirdiler,
alarak yurduna gittiler. Oğlanı hekimlere emanet edip Dirse Han’dan sakladılar. At ayağı çabuk,
ozan dili çevik olur. Hanım, oğlanın kırk günde yarası iyileşti, sapa sağlam oldu.
Oğlan ata biner kılıç kuşanır oldu, av avlar kuş kuşlar oldu. Dirse Han’ın haberi yok, oğlancığını
öldü biliyor. O kırk namertler bunu duydular, ne eyleyelim diye konuştular. Dirse Han eğer
oğlancığını görürse, bırakmaz bizi hep öldürür dediler. Gelin Dirse Han’ı tutalım, ok ellerini ardına
bağlayalım, kıl sicim ok boynuna takalım, alıp kafir ellerine yönelelim diyerek. Dirse Han’ı tuttular.
Ak ellerini ardına bağladılar, kıl sicim boynuna taktılar, ok etinden kan çıkıncaya kadar dövdüler.
Dirse Han yayan, bunlar atlı yürüdüler, alıp kanlı kafir ellerine yöneldiler. Dirse Han esir oldu
gider. Dirse Han’ın esir olduğundan Oğuz beylerinin haberi yok. Meğer sultanım, Dirse Han’ın
hatunu bunu duymuş. Oğlancığına karşı varıp söylemiş, görelim hanım ne söylemiş:
Der:
Görüyor musun ay oğul neler oldu Sarp kayalar
oynamadı yer oyuldu
yurtta düşman yok iken senin babanın üstüne düşman geldi, o kırk namertler babanın arkadaşları
baban; tuttular, ak ellerini ardına bağladılar, kıl sicim ek boynuna taktılar, kendileri atlı babanı
yayan yürüttüler, alıp kanlı kafir ellerine yöneldiler, hanım oğul kalkarak yerinden doğrul, kırk
yiğidim beraberine al, babanı o kırk namertten kurtar. yürü oğul. baban sona kıydı ise sen babana
kıyma, dedi. Oğlan anasının sözünü kırmadı. Boğaç Bey yerinden kalktı, kora çelik öz kılıcını
beline kuşandı, ok kirişli sert yayını eline aldı, altın mızrağını koluna aldı, büyük cins atını tutturdu
sıçrayıp bindi, kırk yiğidini beraberine aldı, babasının ardınca koşturup gitti. O namertler de bir
yerde konmuşlardı, al şarabın keskininden içiyorlardı. Boğaç Han sürüp yetişti. O kırk namert de
bunu gördüler. Dediler: Gelin varalım şu yiğidi tutup getirelim, ikisini bir arada kafire yetiştirelim
dediler. Dirse Han der: Kırk yoldaşım aman Tanrının birliğine oktur güman benim elimi çözün,
kolca kopuzumu elime verin, o yiğidi döndüreyim, ister beni öldürün ister diriltin, bırakı verin dedi.
Elini çözdüler, kolca kopuzunu eline verdiler. Dirse Han oğlancığı olduğunu bilmedi, karşı geldi.
Söyle, görelim hanım ne söyler : Der:
Boynu uzun büyük cins atlar gider ise benim gider Senin de
içinde bineğin var ise söyle bana Savaşmadan vuruşmadan alı
vereyim dön geri Ağıllardan on bin koyun gider ise benim gider
Senin de içinde etliğin var ise söyle bana Savaşmadan
27
vuruşmadan alı vereyim dön geri Develerden kızıl deve gider
ise benim gider
Senin de içinde yük taşıyıcın var ise söyle bana Savaşmadan
vuruşmadan alı vereyim dön geri Altın başlı otağlar gider ise
benim gider
Senin de içinde odan var ise yiğit söyle bana Savaşmadan
vuruşmadan alı vereyim dön geri Ak yüzlü ela gözlü gelinler
gider ise benim gider Senin de içinde nişanlın var ise yiğit
söyle bana Savaşmadan vuruşmadan alı vereyim dön geri Ak
sakallı ihtiyarlar gider ise benim gider
Senin de içinde ak sakallı baban var ise yiğit söyle bana Savaşmadan
vuruşmadan kurtarayım dön geri
Benim için geldin ise oğlancığımı öldürmüşüm Yiğit sana
günahı yok dön geri
dedi. Oğlan burada babasına söylemiş, görelim hanım ne söylemiş:. Boynu uzun
büyük cins atlar senin gider
Benim de içinde bineğim var
Bırakmam12 yok kırk namerde Develerde kızıl
deve senin gider Benim de içinde yük taşıyıcım
var Bırakmam yok kırk namerde Ağıllarda on
bin koyun senin gider Benim de içinde etliğim
var
Bırakmam yok kırk namerde Ak yüzlü ela gözlü gelin senin gider ise Benim de içinde nişanlım var
Bırakmam yok kırk namerde
Altın başlı otağlar senin gider ise Benim de
içinde odam var Bırakmam yok kırk namerde
Ak sakallı ihtiyarlar senin gider ise
Benim de içinde bir aklı şaşmışşuuru yitmiş ihtiyar babam var Bırakmam yok kırk
namerde
dedi. Kırk yiğidine tülbent salladı, el eyledi. Kırk yiğit büyük cins atım oynattı, oğlanın etrafına
toplandı. Oğlan kırk yiğidini beraberine aldı, at tepti, cenk ve savaş etti.
Kiminin boynunu vurdu, kimini esir eyledi. Babasını kurtardı, çekildi geri döndü. Dirse Han burada
oğlancığının sağ olduğunu bildi. Hanlar hanı Bayındır oğlana beylik verdi, taht verdi, dedem
Korkut destan söyledi deyiş dedi, bu Oğuznameyi düzdü koştu, böyle dedi:
Onlar da bu dünyaya geldi geçti Kervan gibi kondu
göçtü
Onları da ecel aldı yer gizledi Fani dünya yine
kaldı
Gelimli gidimli dünya Son ucu ölümlü
dünya
Kara ölüm geldiğinde geçit versin. Sağlıkla, akılla devletini Hak artırsın. O övdüğüm yüce Tanrı
dost olarak medet eriştirsin.
Dua edeyim hanım: Yerli kara dağların yıkılmasın. Gölgeli büyük ağacın kesilmesin Taşkın akan
güzel suyun kurumasın. Kanatlanın uçları kırılmasın. Koşar iken ak boz atın sendelemesin.
Vuruşunca kara çelik öz kılıcın çentilmesin. Dürtüşürken alaca mızrağın utanmasın. Ak bürçekli
ananın yeri cennet olsun. Ak sakallı babanın yeri cennet olsun. Hakkın yandırdığı çırağın yana
dursun. Kadir Tanrı seni namerde muhtaç eylemesin hanım hey!…
28
THE BOOK OF DEDE KORKUT
Legend I: The Story of Bugach Khan, Son of Dirse Khan
One day, Bayindir Khan, son of Kam Gan, arose and ordered that his large Damascus tent be
erected. His brown parasol rose high up in the sky. Thousands of silk carpets were spread all
around. It was customary for Bayindir Khan, khan of khans, to invite all the Oghuz princes to a
feast once a year. As usual, he gave a feast this year too, and had many stallions, young male
camels and rams slaughtered for the occasion. He had three tents set up at three different places:
one was white, one was red and the third was black. He ordered that whoever was without
children be accommodated in the black tent, with a black felt rug spread under him, and that he
be served the stew of the black sheep. He said: "Let him eat if he wants to eat; if he does not, let
him go." He then said: "Put the man with a son in the white tent, and the man with a daughter in
the red tent. The man without any children is cursed by Allah, and we curse him, too. Let this be
clear to all."
The Oghuz princes began to gather one by one. It happened that a prince among them, by the
name of Dirse Khan, had neither a son nor a daughter. He spoke to his men as follows. Let us
see, my khan, what he said:
"When the cooling breeze of morning blows
And the bearded gray lark sings his song,
And the long-bearded Persian chants the ezan;
When the Bedouin horses nicker on seeing their master;
At the time of the twilight,
At the break of dawn, Dirse Khan, accompanied by forty warriors, set out for the feast of Bayindir
Khan. Bayindir Khan's warriors welcomed Dirse Khan and asked him to go into the black tent,
the floor of which was covered with a black felt rug. They placed the stew of black sheep before
him and said: "My khan, this is the order of Bayindir Khan."
Dirse Khan asked: "What fault has Bayindir Khan found in me? Is it because of my sword or my
table? He has men of lower status accommodated in the white and red tents. What is my fault
that I am being put in a black tent?"
They said: "My khan, today Bayindir Khan's order is as follows: 'Whoever is without a son or a
daughter is cursed by Allah; we curse him, too'."
Standing up, Dirse Khan said to his men: "Rise and let us be off, my young men. The fault is
either in me or in my lady."
Dirse Khan returned home, called his lady and said to her:
29
"Will you come here, my love, the crown of my home?
Walking along so tall, like a cypress tree,
With long black hair that falls to her feet,
With brows like a tightened bow;
With a mouth too small for two almonds;
Her red cheeks like the apples of autumn.
"Bayindir Khan had three tents put up: one white, one red and one black. He had guests with
sons put in the white tent; those with daughters in the red tent; and those with neither in the
black tent with black felt carpet spread on its floor. He ordered that the stewed meat of the black
sheep be served them, saying: 'If they eat, let them eat; if they do not, let them go away. Since
Almighty Allah cursed them, we curse them, too'. When I reached there, they met me and led me
to the black tent, laid black felt carpet under me, and served me the stewed meat of the black
sheep, saying: 'The man without a son or a daughter is cursed by Allah; therefore, he is cursed
by us, too. Let this be so known to you'. My wife, which of us is sterile, you or I? Why does
Almighty Allah not give us a healthy son?"
Dirse Khan then continued in song:
O child of a khan, shall I now get up
And grasp you by the throat,
And crush you beneath my hard boots?
Shall I draw my sword of black steel
And remove your head from your body,
And show you how sweet life can be?
Shall I spill your red blood on the ground?
The wife of Dirse Khan replied:
"Oh, Dirse Khan, be not cruel to me.
Be not angry and speak so harshly to me.
But come now and have your red tent set up.
Have some stallions, some rams and some male camels slaughtered.
Invite then the princes of Inner and Outer Oghuz.
Feed all the hungry, give clothes to the naked and pay off the debts of the poor.
Heap up meat like a hill;
Following his lady's advice, Dirse Khan gave a large feast and then made his wish. He had
stallions, young male camels and rams slaughtered. He invited all the princes of the Inner and
the Outer Oghuz to this feast. He fed the hungry, dressed the naked and paid off the debts of the
debtor; he had meat heaped up like a hill, and a lakeful of kumis made. The princes raised their
hands to the heavens and prayed.
Consequently, the wish of Dirse Khan was fulfilled, and his lady became pregnant. In due time,
she bore a male child. She had her child brought up in the care of nurses. As the horse is quick
of foot, so the minstrel is quick of tongue. As vertebrated and ribbed creatures grow fast, in the
same way the son of Dirse Khan was soon fifteen years old.
30
One day, Dirse Khan and his son went to the camp of Bayindir Khan. Bayindir Khan had a bull
and a young male camel. The bull could powder harsh stones like flour with the impact of his
horns. The bull and the camel were set to fight one another twice a year, once in summer and
once in autumn. Bayindir Khan and the strong Oghuz princes used to enjoy themselves
watching these fights.
This bull was let out of the palace one summer day. Three men on each side were holding it with
iron chains. The bull was released in the middle of a playing field, where the son of Dirse Khan
was playing at knuckle bones with three other boys from the camp. When the bull was released,
the boys were told to run away. The other three boys ran away, but the son of Dirse Khan stood
where he was. The bull ran toward the boy with the intent to kill him. The boy dealt the bull a
terrific blow on the forehead, making it stagger backward. The bull charged a second time, and
the boy this time hit the bull again hard on the forehead. Then he pushed the bull to the edge of
the playing field, with his fist pressing on its forehead. There they struggled to and fro. The bull
stood pressing its forelegs against the ground, while the boy kept his fist on its forehead. It was
impossible to say which was the winner. The boy thought to himself: "The pole holds the tent
straight. Why am I supporting this bull?". Saying so, he pulled away his fist and ran to one side,
while the bull, unable to stand on its feet, crashed on the ground head downward. Then the boy
cut the throat of the bull with his knife.
The Oghuz princes gathered around the boy and said: "Well done, boy! Let Dede Korkut come
and name him, then take him to his father and request a principality and a throne for him."
When they called for Dede Korkut, he came. He took the young man to his father and said to him:
"O Dirse Khan!
Give this young man a principality now.
Give him a throne for the sake of his virtue.
Give him also a tall Bedouin horse
He can ride-such a capable man.
Give him ten thousand sheep
To make shish kebab for himself; he has virtue.
Give him next a red camel from out of your herd.
Let it carry his goods; he has virtue.
"This young man fought and killed a bull on the playing field of Bayindir Khan", continued Dede
Korkut. "Therefore, let your son's name be Bugach. I give him his name, and may Allah give him
his years of life."
Upon this, Dirse Khan gave his son a principality and a throne.
After the son had sat upon his throne for a while, he began to despise the forty young warriors of
his father. As a result of this, they bore him a grudge and plotted among themselves: "Let us turn
his father against him, so that he may put the son to death, and thus our esteem with the khan
may continue and grow."
Twenty of these warriors went to Dirse Khan and said to him: "Do you know what has happened,
Dirse Khan? Your son — may he never prosper — has become a very bad-tempered man.
Taking his forty warriors, he attacked the mighty Oghuz people. When he saw a pretty girl, he
kidnapped her. He insulted old men with white beards and squeezed the breasts of white-haired
old women. The news of these evil deeds of your son will reach the ears of Bayindir Khan —
31
through the clear waters of streams and over Ala Mountain lying back there — and people will be
saying 'How could the son of Dirse Khan do such terrible things?'".
The warriors then continued: "You would rather die than live. Bayindir Khan will call you to his
presence and will give you a serious punishment. Such a son is not worthy of you. It is better not
to have such a son. Why do you not put him to death?"
"Bring him over here. I shall kill him", said Dirse Khan.
While he was speaking in this manner, the other twenty treacherous young men came and gave
Dirse Khan the following unfounded information: "Your son went hunting in the beautiful
mountains, where he killed wild animals and birds without your permission. He brought the game
to his mother. He drank strong red wine and had a good time in her company, and there made
up his mind to kill his father. Your son has become an evil person. The news of these deeds will
reach Bayindir Khan, Khan of Khans, over Ala Mountain and people will begin to say 'How could
Dirse Khan's son do such terrible things?' They will call you before Bayindir Khan and punish
you there. Such a son is not worthy of you. Why do you not kill him?"
"Bring him over here. I shall kill him. I do not want a son like him", said Dirse Khan.
His warriors said: "How can we bring your son here? He will not listen to us. Get up; take your
warriors with you, call on your son and ask him to go hunting with you.
Then kill him with an arrow during the hunt. If you cannot kill him in this way, you will never be
able to kill him."
At the break of dawn, Dirse Khan arose and set out for the hunt, taking his son and forty warriors
with him. They hunted wild animals and birds for a while. Then some of the treacherous warriors
approached Dirse Khan's son and said to him: "Your father said: 'I want my son to chase the deer
and kill them in front of me; I also want to see how he rides, and how he uses his sword and
shoots his arrow. This will make me happy and proud, and will give me confidence.'"
Not knowing his father's real intention, Bugach chased the deer and drove them toward his father
and killed them before him. While doing this, Bugach said to himself: "Let my father see me ride
and be proud; let him see me shoot my arrow and have confidence; let him see how I use my
sword and rejoice."
The forty treacherous warriors then said to Dirse Khan: "Dirse Khan, do you see how he is driving
the deer toward you? He means to shoot his arrow at you and kill you. Kill him before he kills
you."
After the young man had driven the deer past his father several times, Dirse Khan took out his
strong bow strung with the tendon of a wolf. Standing in his stirrups, he pulled his bowstring hard
and let his arrow go. He shot his son between the shoulder blades. When the arrow pierced his
chest, red blood poured out, filling his shirt. He clasped his horse's neck and slipped to the
earth. Dirse Khan wanted to fall upon the body of his son, but his men did not allow him to do
so. He then turned the head of his horse in the opposite direction and rode to his camp.
Dirse Khan's lady had decided to celebrate her son's first hunt by giving a feast to the mighty
Oghuz princes, and for this purpose she had had stallions, young male camels and rams killed.
She now arose and, taking with her the forty narrow-waisted girls of her household, went to
welcome Dirse Khan. Lifting her head, she looked first at Dirse Khan, then gazed around, but
nowhere could she see her dear son. She was shocked, and her heart began to beat fast. Her
black eyes were filled with blood and tears. Let us hear what she said to her husband.
32
"Come to me here,
The crown of my head, the throne of my house, My khan
father's son-in-law,
My lady mother's favorite,
You, who were given me by my parents, You, whom I
saw when I opened my eyes, The one whom I loved at
first sight.
O Dirse Khan, you arose from your place; You mounted
the back of your stallion strong
And hunted the mountains with beautiful breasts. You rode off
as two, but return now alone.
Where is my son whom I found in the dark of the night?
My searching eye — may it be confounded — twitches badly, Dirse Khan. My childnursing breast — may it go quite dry — is sore.
My white skin is swollen, though bitten by no yellow snake. My one son
is lost! My poor heart is burning!
Water I poured into beds of dry rivers.
Alms I have given to black-suited dervishes. The hungry I
saw I have fed.
I had meat heaped up like a hill;
I had lakefuls of kumis fermented,
And I managed, with great travail, to bear a son. Tell me, Dirse
Khan, what befell my only son!
Say if you let our son fall down Ala Mountain out there.
Say if you let our son be carried down the fast-flowing river. Say if you let
our son be eaten by lions and tigers.
Say if you let black-dressed infidels, they of a savage faith, capture our son. Let me go to
my father, the khan, and take money and soldiers,
To strike at the infidels, they with the savage religion.
Let me never return from the search for my son
Before I am wounded, fall off my strong horse,
Wiping away my red blood with my sleeve, And
sprawl on the road with broken limbs.
Tell me, O Dirse Khan, what befell my only son.
So speaking, she wept and gave voice to her sorrow. But Dirse Khan did not answer her.
Meanwhile, those forty treacherous men came along. They said to her: "Your son is safe and
well. He has been hunting. He will be back today or tomorrow. Do not worry about him. He
cannot speak now, because he is a bit drunk."
Dirse Khan's lady turned back, but she could not rest. With her forty slim girls, she mounted and
rode in search of her son. She climbed Kazilik Mountain, from which snow and ice never melt all
the year round. She drove her horse up steep hills. When she looked down, she saw that crows
were descending on a river and flying in and out of it. She spurred her horse and rode in that
direction.
This was the place where the young man had collapsed. When the crows had seen blood, they
wanted to come down upon him, but his two dogs kept the crows from his body. When the
young man had fallen there, the gray-horsed Hizir had appeared to him and, stroking his wounds
three times, had said: "Do not be afraid of these wounds. You will not die of them. Mountain
33
Mowers mixed with your mother's milk will be balm to them." Having said this, he disappeared.
Then the young man's mother came upon him. Seeing her son lying there covered with blood,
she addressed him with the following song. Let us see, my khan, what she
"Your slit black eyes now taken by sleep — let them open.
Your strong healthy bones have been broken,
Your soul all but flown from your frame. If
your body retains any life, let me know.
Let my poor luckless head be a sacrifice to you.
Kazilik Mountain, your waters still flow;
Let them, I pray, cease their flowing.
Kazilik Mountain, your grasses still grow;
Let them, I pray, cease their growing.
Kazilik Mountain, your deer still run fast; Let
them cease running and turn into stone.
How can I know, my son, if it was lion
Or tiger? How can I know, my son?
How did this accident happen to you?
If your life is still in your body, my son, let me know.
said.
Let my poor luckless head be a sacrifice to you.
Speak a few words to me now."
As she said these things, her words entered his mind. He lifted hi head, opened his eyes and
looked at his mother's face. He spoke to her. Let us see, my khan, what he said.
"Come closer, my mother,
Whose milk I once drank,
White-haired, beloved and honorable mother.
Curse not the running streams;
Kazilik Mountain has done no wrong.
Curse not its growing grass;
Kazilik Mountain has no sins.
Curse not its swift-running deer;
Kazilik Mountain has no fault.
The young man then went on: "Do not cry, Mother. Do not worry. This wound will not kill me. The
gray-horsed Hizir came to me and stroked my wound three times, saying, You will not die of this
wound. Mountain flowers mixed with your mother's milk will be your balm'."
When he said this, the forty slim girls went to gather mountain flowers. The young man's mother
squeezed her breasts once, but no milk came out. She squeezed them once more, but still no
milk came out. The third time she struck herself and squeezed her breasts even harder, and
34
finally some milk stained with blood appeared. Mixing the milk with the mountain flowers, they
applied this balm to the young man's wound. Then they put him on a horse and took him to his
camp. There he was delivered into the care of a physician and concealed from the sight of Dirse
Khan.
As the horse is quick of foot, so the poet is quick of tongue. My khan, the young man's wounds
were healed in forty days and he recovered completely. He was once again able to ride and
wear his sword, to hunt and shoot birds. Dirse Khan knew nothing of all this. He thought that his
son was dead.
But his forty treacherous men soon heard of this and discussed among themselves what they
should do. They said: "If Dirse Khan sees his son, he will kill us all. Let us catch Dirse Khan, tie
his white hands at his back, put a rope around his white neck, and take him to the land of the
infidels."
They did as they had decided.
They tied his white hands behind him, and they put a rope around his white neck. Then they beat
him until blood oozed from his white flesh. Dirse Khan was made to walk while they accompanied
him on horseback. They led him to the land of the bloody infidels. While Dirse Khan was thus a
captive, the Oghuz beys knew nothing of his plight.
Dirse Khan's lady, however, learned of this. She went to her son and spoke to him. Let us see,
my khan, what she said.
"Do you know what has happened, my son? Not only the steep rocks but the very earth should
have shaken, for although there were no enemies in our lands, your father was attacked. Those
forty treacherous companions of his captured him, tied his white hands behind him, put a rope
around his neck and forced him to walk while they rode on horseback. They took him toward
infidel territory. Come, now, my son. Take your forty warriors with you and save your father from
those forty faithless men. Go now and spare your father, even if he did not spare you."
The young man followed his mother's advice. He arose, strapped on his big steel sword, took his
tight bow in one hand, and held his golden spear under his other arm. Then, as his strong horse
was held, he mounted and, accompanied by his forty young men, went in pursuit of his father.
The treacherous retainers of Dirse Khan had stopped along the way and were drinking strong
red wine. As Bugach Khan rode along, the forty treacherous men saw him approaching. They
said: "Let us go and capture that young man and take both him and Dirse Khan to the infidels."
Dirse Khan said: "Oh, my forty companions, there is no doubt about the oneness of Allah. Untie
my hands, give me a lute, and I shall persuade that young man to go back. Let me loose or kill
me." They untied his hands and gave him his lute.
Dirse Khan did not know that the young man was his own son. He went to him and sang.
35
If white-bearded elders have gone, let me count them my loss.
If your white-bearded father was with them, tell me,
So that I may restore him without any fight. Turn back!
If you came after me, I have killed my own son.
Young man, it is not any sin that is yours. Turn back!"
The young man replied to the song of his father. Let us see, my khan, what he said.
"Tall stallions may count as your loss,
But one of the lost ones is mine;
I shall not give him up to the forty base men.
From the herds the red camels may count as your loss,
But some of those camels are mine;
I shall not give them up to the forty base men.
Thousands of sheep may be counted your loss,
But among them are some that are mine;
I shall not give them up to the forty base men.
The brides with brown eyes and white faces may count as your loss,
But among them is my betrothed;
I shall not give her up to the forty base men.
He waved a handkerchief to his own forty young men, and they came and gathered around him.
With their aid, he fought with the enemy. Some of these he killed and some he captured. When
he had saved his father in this manner, he returned home.
Dirse Khan thus discovered that his son was alive. Bayindir Khan, khan of khans, gave the
young man a principality and a throne. Dede Korkut sang songs on the occasion and composed
this legend of the Oghuz. Following this, he sang:
"Even they passed away from this world.
They stayed for a while and then moved along,
Just as the caravan does.
Even they were removed by death
While this mortal world remained behind,
The world where men come and go,
The world which is rounded off by death."
Then he said: "When black Death comes, may Allah keep you safe. May He let you rule in good
health. May Almighty Allah whom I praise be your friend and keeper."
36
This I pray, my khan. May your tall, stately mountains never fall. May your big shade tree never
be cut down, and may your clear running waters never run dry. May your wings never be broken.
May your gray horse never slip while running. May your big steel sword never be notched and
may your spear never be broken in battle. May your white-haired mother's and white-bearded
father's place be paradise. May Allah keep your household fire burning. May our merciful Allah
never abandon you to the guile of the treacherous.
37
BÖLÜM 2
CHAPTER 2
38
İçindekiler
BÖLÜM 2 ..................................................................................................................................................... 38
CHAPTER 2................................................................................................................................................... 38
La leggenda di Cerere e Proserpina..................................................................................................... 40
THE LEGEND OF CERES AND PROSERPINA .......................................................................................... 40
La leggenda di Enea ed Anchise .......................................................................................................... 42
The legend of Aeneas and Anchises .................................................................................................... 43
La leggenda della Sicilia....................................................................................................................... 44
The “Legend of Sicily ........................................................................................................................... 45
39
La leggenda di Cerere e Proserpina
Una delle leggende legate alla fondazione di Trapani è la leggenda di Cerere e Proserpina:
Cerere, sorella di Giove, era le dea delle messi; lei aveva insegnato agli uomini a coltivare
e rendere fertili i campi. Cerere aveva una figlia di nome Proserpina, molto bella e corteggiata
da tutti. Un giorno mentre la fanciulla era intenta a raccogliere dei fiori, si aprì la terra davanti ai
suoi piedi e da lì uscì Plutone, dio degli Inferi, che afferrò la giovane fanciulla e la portò nel suo
regno per farla sua sposa. La madre, allarmata dalle
grida
della
figlia,
accorse
immediatamente ma non trovò nessuno, allora iniziò a peregrinare per tutta la Sicilia in cerca
della figlia. Fu proprio durante questo peregrinare che la sua falce le cadde dalle mani e diede
origine alla città di Trapani.
La ricerca però non portò nessun risultato, Cerere era disperata, fino a quando Elios, dio del
sole, non gli svelò l’accaduto. La dea, allora, si rivolse al fratello Giove per riavere la figlia ma,
il padre di tutti gli dei non volle soddisfare la sua richiesta.
Cerere, distrutta dal dolore e dal tradimento del fratello, decise di ritirarsi e di lasciare la cura
dei campi. La terra, quindi, iniziò a non produrre più i suoi frutti e cominciarono ad arrivare le
carestie, che portarono allo sterminio di intere popolazioni. Giove preoccupato tentò di
convincere la sorella a ritornare ad occuparsi della terra, Cerere dal canto suo ripeteva che
lo avrebbe fatto solo se avesse riavuto indietro la figlia. Giove, allora non potendo restituire
definitivamente Proserpina a Cerere decise che la fanciulla sarebbe ritornata ogni anno dalla
madre, nel periodo che va dalla stagione primaverile fino all’epoca del raccolto, cioè autunno
inoltrato. La leggenda narra che ogni anno Proserpina risalga dalle viscere della terra
portando il soffio primaverile dell’abbondanza, per poi scomparire con l’arrivo dei primi freddi
invernali.
THE LEGEND OF CERES AND PROSERPINA
One of the legends related to the foundation of Trapani is the legend of Ceres and
Proserpina: Ceres, Jupiter's sister, was the goddess of the harvest; she had taught men to
cultivate and make fields fertile. Ceres had a very beautiful daughter named Persephone
courted by all. One day while the girl was collecting the flowers, the earth opened before her
feet and Pluto, god of the underworld went out from there . He grabbed the young girl and took
her to his kingdom to make her his bride. The mother, alarmed by the cries of her daughter,
noticed immediately but
she found no one, then she began to
wander all over
Sicily in search of her daughter. It was during these travels that her scythe fell from her hands
and it gave rise to the city of Trapani.
However, the search did not bring any results, Ceres was desperate, until Helios, the sun god,
40
did not reveal what had happened. Then, the goddess turned to her brother Jupiter to get back
her daughter, but the father of all the gods did not not satisfy her request.
Being destroyed by grief and the betrayal of her brother, Ceres decided to retire and leave the
care of the fields. Then, the earth began to produce no more fruit and started coming famine,
which led to the extermination of entire populations. Being worried, Juppiter tried to convince
his sister to return to take care of the earth. Meanwhile, Ceres repeated that she would do it
only if she had regained her daughter back. Then, not being able to give Ceres back
Proserpina, finally Jupiter decided that the girl would come back to her mother every year, in the
period from spring until the time of the harvest, in autumn. Legend says that every year
Proserpina rises up from the bowels of the earth, bringing the breath of spring abundance,
and then she disappears with the arrival of the first cold winter.
41
La leggenda di Enea ed Anchise
Una leggenda molto significativa legata alla storia di Trapani è quella raccontata dal
grande poeta Virgilio nella sua opera principale, l’Eneide. In questa opera racconta che Enea,
un semidio figlio del mortale Anchise (cugino del Re di Troia Priamo) e di Afrodite (Venere per
i romani), scappava con il suo popolo dalla sua città distrutta, Troia: insieme a lui si
aggregarono molti troiani e anche vari guerrieri provenienti da altre regioni che avevano
preso parte al conflitto come alleati. Giunse dapprima nel Chersoneso Tracico, dove venne a
conoscenza della terribile fine di Polidoro, figlio di Priamo, ucciso da Polimestore, che voleva
appropriarsi delle sue ricchezze. A Delo, Enea chiese responso ad Apollo, che ordinò al troiano
di recarsi nella terra natia del fondatore di Troia, Dardano. Ma Anchise pensò si riferisse a
Teucro, un altro capostipite del loro popolo, originario di Creta. Si fece dunque rotta verso
l'isola. Lì i troiani vennero colpiti da una pestilenza, Enea ordinò di muovere verso CoritoTarquinia (III, 170), in Italia, la terra di Dardano. I troiani si fermarono nelle isole Strofadi dove
vennero attaccati dalle Arpie che li costrinsero alla
fuga. Giunsero nell'Epiro dove
incontrarono Eleno e Andromaca, fondatori della città di Butroto
Eleno, dotato del dono della profezia, annunciò all'amico di recarsi in Italia, cercando di
evitare la terra di Sicilia, patria dei ciclopi e di Scilla e Cariddi. Consigliò invece di sbarcare
presso Cuma per chiedere responso alla sibilla che lì abitava. I troiani si salvarono da quella
minaccia e sbarcarono vicino l'Etna, dove si unì alla loro flotta Achemenide, un compagno di
Ulisse abbandonato in quella terra. Enea sbarcò in Italia nell'attuale Salento, a Castro. Dopo
aver assistito al terribile arrivo del ciclope Polifemo, Enea e i suoi uomini si fermarono in Sicilia,
a Erice, benevolmente accolti dal re Aceste, figlio di Crimiso e di Egesta. Qui morì Anchise,
il vecchio padre di Enea, e fu sepolto lungo a Pizzolungo, alla periferia di Trapani, dove venne
eretta la Stele di Anchise che dovrebbe indicare la sua sepoltura. In occasione del primo
anniversario della sua morte Enea organizzò i mitici Ludi, dei giochi sportivi, giochi chiamati
ludi novendiali.
42
The legend of Aeneas and Anchises
A very significant legend linked to the history of Trapani is that one told by the poet Virgil in his
main work, the Aeneid. In this opera he tells that Aeneas, a demigod son of the mortal
Anchises (cousin of King Priam of Troy) and Aphrodite (Venus to the Romans), fled with his
people from his destroyed town Troy. Soon many Trojans and also many warriors from other
regions who had taken part in the conflict as allies joined him. First he came to the Thracian
Chersonese, where he kne of the terrible death of Polidoro, son of Priam, killed by
Polymestor, who wanted to take possession of his wealth. In Delo, Aeneas asked Apollo,
who commanded the Trojan to go to the homeland of the founder of Troy, Dardano. But
Anchises thought he was referring to Teucer, another founder of their people, a native of Crete.
Therefore he laid up in the island. There, the Trojans were hit by a plague, Aeneas ordered to
move towards Corito-Tarquinia (III, 170), in Italy, the land of Dardano. The Trojans stopped in
the islands Strophades where they were attacked by the Harpies that forced them to flee. They
arrived in Epirus where they met Helenus and Andromache, the founders of the city of Butroto
Being endowed with the gift of prophecy, Helenus announced his friend to go to Italy, trying
to avoid the land of Sicily, home of the Cyclops and Scylla and Charybdis. Instead he was
advised to land at Cuma to ask the Sibyl who lived there. The Trojans were saved from that
threat and landed near Etna, where Achaemenid, a companion of Odysseus abandoned in
that land joined their fleet. Aeneas landed in Italy in the current Salento, in Castro. After
witnessing the terrible arrival of the Cyclops Polyphemus, Aeneas and his men stopped in
Eryx, in Sicily welcomed by King Aceste , son of Crimiso and Egesta graciously. Anchises,
the old father of Aeneas died here and he was buried in Pizzolungo, on the outskirts of Trapani,
where the Stele of Anchises was erected which had to indicate his burial. On the occasion of
the first anniversary of his death Aeneas organized the mythical Ludi, sport games called
Ludi novendiali.
43
La leggenda della Sicilia
La “leggenda di Sicilia” spiega l’origine etimologica del nome attribuito alla nostra terra,
anticamente denominata Trinacria, cioè la terra dei tre promontori.
Secondo una leggenda di origine bizantina, ad una bellissima principessa Greca, il cui
nome era appunto Sikelía (cioè Sicilia), era stato predetto da un oracolo che al
compimento del suo quindicesimo anno di vita, da sola e in una barca, avrebbe
dovuto lasciare la sua terra natia, e qualora ciò non fosse avvenuto sarebbe finita nella fauci
di “Greco-levante”, un mostro famelico che le sarebbe apparso sotto le forme di un gatto
mammone e l’avrebbe divorata.
Per sottrarla a questo atroce destino, al compimento del quindicesimo anno di età, i suoi
genitori, sconvolti e disperati per il dolore, la misero su una barchetta e la affidarono
al mare.
La principessa trascorse circa tre mesi in balia delle onde e proprio quando riteneva che il
suo destino crudele si stesse avverando, la povera Sikelía, priva ormai di viveri ed acqua,
spinta da venti favorevoli, approdò in una spiaggia meravigliosa alle pendici dell’Etna,
costituita da grumi di lava e sabbia dorata piena di fiori e di frutti, ma completamente
deserta e solitaria.
La giovane principessa, affranta e disperata, pianse tanto da non avere più una lacrima da
versare. Ad un tratto si ritrovò al suo fianco un giovane bellissimo, che la confortò e la
circondò di attenzioni e di cure.
Il giovane ragazzo le spiegò perché l’isola fosse deserta, a causa di un’epidemia che ne
aveva decimato gli abitanti, e come il destino avesse scelto proprio loro per dare vita ad
una nuova razza più forte e gentile.
Sikelía sposò, felice, quell’uomo capace e coraggioso, dall’aspetto di un vero cavaliere.
Così, unitisi, divennero padroni di quelle terre, ricche di mille tesori e dei loro frutti, e per
testimoniare l’amore profondo che lo legava a quella fanciulla, decise di chiamare questa
terra Sicilia, nome che da allora è rimasto.
I due giovani sposi ebbero moltissimi figli, tutti robusti, intelligenti e belli come i loro
genitori, e da allora questa terra si ripopolò.
44
The “Legend of Sicily”
The “Legend of Sicily” explains the etimologic provenance of the name attributed to our land,
formerly called Trinacria, in other words the land of the three headlands.
According to a legend of Byzantine origin, to a beautiful Greek princess, whose name was
exactly Sikelìa (scilicet Sicilia), it was predicted by an oracle that at the completion of her
fifteenth year of life, alone and in a boat, she should leave her native land, and if that
hadn’t happened she would have finished in the “Greco- levante”’s mouth, a hungry
monster that would appear to her under the forms of a mammon cat and he would eat her.
To subtract her from this terrible destiny, at the completion of the fifteenth year of age, her
parents, shattered and desperated for the pain, put her on a little boat and they left her to
the sea.
The princess spent about 3 months at the mercy of the waves and exactly when she believed
that her cruel destiny was becoming true, the poor Sikelía, free by now of food and water,
pushed by favorable winds, landed in a wonderful shore at the Etna’s slopes, constituted by
clots of lava and gold sand full of flowers and fruits, but completely deserted and
solitary.
The young princess, distraught and desperated, cried so much that she hadn’t a tear to spill
anymore. Suddenly she found at her side a beautiful boy, that consoled her and surrounded
her of attentions and care.
The young boy explained to her why the island was deserted, because of an epidemic that
decimated the inhabitants, and how the destiny chose exactly them for giving life to a new
strongest and kindest race.
Sikelía married, happy, that clever and brave man, looking as a real knight.
So, united, they owned those lands, rich of thousands treasures and their fruits, and for
witness the intimate love that tied him at that girl, he decided to call this land Sicilia, name
that since remained.
The two young spouses had a lot of children, all strong, intelligent and beautiful as their
parents, and since this land repopulated.
45
BÖLÜM 3
CHAPTER 3
46
İçindekiler
BÖLÜM 3 ..................................................................................................................................................... 46
CHAPTER 3................................................................................................................................................... 46
Dracula .................................................................................................................................................... 48
The Legend of the Craftsman Manole .................................................................................................... 55
The Legend of the Craftsman Manole ................................................................................................. 57
Iulia Haşdeu............................................................................................................................................. 59
Iulia Haşdeu – ...................................................................................................................................... 63
a shocking story about life and death.................................................................................................. 63
47
Legenda lui Vlad Ţepeş
Dracula
The legend of Vlad Tepes Dracula
48
Legenda lui Vlad Ţepeş
Dracula
Istoria lui Vlad Ţepeş rămâne învăluită de mister şi legendă, iar adevărul este că nimeni nu ştie
unde se termină legenda pentru a lăsa loc istoriei. Fiind un personaj nu numai istoric, ci şi literar şi
folcloric, voievodul a fost ales de scriitorul Bram Stoker ca erou principal al romanului său, apărut
în anul 1897. De atunci, Dracula şi Transilvania, tărâmul care adăposteşte misteriosul castel plin
cu fantome şi vampiri, undeva în mijlocul pădurilor întunecoase, a devenit subiectul a peste 750
de filme, documentare sau nuvele, inspirate fiind de romanul scriitorului irlandez.
Potrivit
istoriei,
Vlad
Ţepeş
(născut
în
noiembrie
/
decembrie
1431- decedat în
decembrie1476), denumit şi Vlad Drăculea (sau Dracula, de către străini), a domnit în Ţara
Românească în anii 1448, 1456 - 1462 şi 1476.
Convins că numai o domnie puternică în interior putea să asigure ordinea în ţară şi să organizeze
cu succes apărarea ei de primejdiile externe, Vlad Ţepeş recurge la o domnie autoritară, impune
supuşilor săi cinstea şi hărnicia ca virtuţi; necinstea (hoţia) lenevia şi viclenia erau pedepsite cu
asprime prin tragerea în ţeapă, o pedeapsă crudă, dar care poate fi înţeleasă doar în raport cu
epoca în care a trăit, o epocă de mare cruzime, care a cunoscut şi alte pedepse, la fel de aspre,
cum ar fi arderea pe rug sau spânzurătoarea. Ca urmare a măsurilor sale drastice, Vlad Ţepeş a
reuşit să instaureze ordinea în ţară: „străin de milă şi de îndurare – spune istoricul A.D.Xenopol
– el puse cumplita lui fire în slujba ţării sale şi după ce o curăţă de rele lăuntrice, el puse piept
înjosirii în care căzuse ţaraǁ.
Există multe povestiri şi anecdote care surprind filozofia lui Vlad Ţepeş. Fiind sigur de
eficacitatea legilor sale, domnitorul a lăsat o cupă de aur la vedere, în piaţa centrală din
Târgovişte. Cupa putea fi folosită de călătorii însetaţi, însă trebuia să rămână în piaţă. Conform
surselor istorice, în timpul domniei sale, aceasta nu a fost niciodată furată şi a rămas aproape
nefolosită. Era de asemenea preocupat ca toţi locuitorii ţării să muncească şi să fie productivi
pentru comunitate. Îi privea pe bolnavi, vagabonzi şi cerşetori ca pe nişte hoţi. Ca urmare, legenda
ne spune că într-o zi toţi vagabonzii şi bolnavii din Ţara Româneacă au fost invitaţi la Curtea
Domnească din Târgovişte pentru ospăţ. După ce invitaţii au mâncat şi au băut, el i-a întrebat
dacă ar vrea să nu mai fie niciodată săraci. După ce a primit un răspuns pozitiv, a ordonat ca
49
hala să fie închisă şi incendiată. Nimeni nu a supravieţuit.
,,Şi iaca aşa, dragii mei, tot povestind întâmplări din istorie, am ajuns la vremea lui Vlad vodă,
poreclit Ţepeş. De ce i s-a zis aşa? Ei, şi asta merită a fi ştiută. Ţepeş e un nume ori o
poreclă cumplită pentru că vine de la cuvântul ţeapă. Ca să înţelegeţi de ce i s-a zis
aşa, vă spun că, după domnia bunului şi înţeleptului Mircea cel Bătrân, au urmat nişte voievozi
mai slabi ori răuvoitori. În ţară se încuibase multă neorânduială. Se iviseră mulţi mincinoşi, mulţi
hoţi, trădători, ucigaşi şi alţi răufăcători. Era greu de trăit, că aceşti tâlhari şi ucigaşi numai pozne,
necazuri şi rele săvârşeau; iar ţara se părăginea.
Îndată ce a ajuns domn, Vlad vodă a luat o hotărâre straşnică: orice tâlhărie, orice neregulă
sau nelegiuire s-o pedepsească prin ţeapă. Afla că unul e leneş? Îl poftea în ţeapă. Prindea un
hoţ? În ţeapă cu el. Se ivea vreun trădător? Ţeapa îi ştia de nume. Ce să mai spun de ucigaşi?
Că tot în ţeapă îşi dădeau duhul.
Se dusese vestea în lumea largă de osândele lui Vlad vodă. Şi aşa i-au zis Ţepeş.
Vi s-a făcut teamă, dragii mei auzind de un cârmuitor aşa de aspru? Nu? Sigur că nu:
pentru că Vlad vodă era aspru, foarte aspru, dar drept. Îi ura pe cei ticăloşi şi iubea pe cei buni
şi cinstiţi, pe cei harnici şi gospodari. Ţinea partea celor care-şi apărau ţara cu vrednicie. În
vremea lui, cinstea şi buna rânduială au domnit în ţară. Că dacă lăsai o pungă, plină cu bani, la
răscruce de drumuri, nimeni nu s-atingea de ea.
Dar se spune că, odată, a venit la Vlad vodă un negustor şi s-a jeluit: „Măria ta, hoţii mi-au
furat punga cu bani!" „Tot mai sunt hoţi?" a întrebat vodă cu mânie. „Se vede că mai sunt, măria
ta." „Şi câţi bani aveai în acea pungă?" a întrebat Vlad vodă. „O sută de galbeni de aur, a
mărturisit negustorul. O sută în cap!" „Îmi pare rău, negustorule, că au apărut tâlhari în ţara
mea. Dar iată ce-ţi poruncesc: te duci la han şi aştepţi trei zile. Apoi vino iar la domnia mea. Că,
între timp oamenii mei au să prindă, de bună seamă, hoţul. Dacă nu l-or prinde, ţi-oi da galbenii din
visteria ţării.
Negustorul a plecat, frecându-şi mâinile de bucurie că-şi va putea căpăta punga cu bani. Dar lui
vodă nu i-a plăcut cum arăta acel negustor: vorba şi purtarea lui cam miroseau a minciună. De
aceea s-a gândit să-l pună la încercare.
A treia zi când a venit să întrebe de banii furaţi, Vlad vodă a scos din sipet o pungă şi i-a
arătat-o: „Asta-i?" „A...
asta-i,
măria
ta"
au
sticlit ochii negustorului, ca la vulpe, când
pândeşte puii de găină. „Numără, vezi, dacă toţi galbenii sunt acolo", i-a poruncit vodă, neslăbindul din ochi.
Negustorul se grăbi să numere. Când termină, vodă îl întrebă: „Sunt toţi?"
50
„Toţi, măria ta!" „Nu lipseşte nici unul?" „Nu măria ta." „Mai numără-i o dată."
„Nu, mărite, i-am numărat bine." „Nu-i nici unul în plus?" „Nu, măria- ta, o sută în cap!" „Da?" atunci
dă punga încoace, să-i număr şi eu. „Nu-i nevoie, măria ta... o sută-n cap!"
Dar vodă nu se lăsă: ştia el ce ştia. „Poruncesc să-mi dai punga, să număr şi eu galbenii."
Negustorul o sfeclise: se făcu vânăt şi roşu de spaimă. Vodă-i luă punga şi numără galbenii în
faţa lui, făcând zece grămăjoare de câte zece. Un galben rămase stingher. „Ce-i cu ăsta?"
întrebă, cu asprime măria sa. „Nu... nu ştiu... eu..." „Ai avut o sută de galbeni în pungă, da?" „Da,
o sută." Şi când i-ai numărat ai găsit tot o sută, nu? „Tot o sută..." „Şi vezi că, totuşi, e unul mai
mult?" „Văd..."
„De ce ai minţit? De ce ai încercat să mă furi?... Eşti şi hoţ şi mincinos. Am aflat că nu ţi s-a furat
nicio pungă, pentru că nici nu eşti negustor şi n-ai avut niciodată o sută de galbeni. Eşti un tâlhar
care a cutezat să-l prade chiar pe voievod."
Presupusul neguţător a amuţit. Prins cu mâţa-n sac, ştia ce-l aşteaptă...
Ce ziceţi voi: cum l-a pedepsit vodă pe acel tâlhar, îmbrăcat ca negustor?
— L-a tras în ţeapă! strigară într-un glas cei trei prieteni ai mei.ǁ
(Dreptatea lui Vlad Vodă Ţepeş, de Dumitru Almaş) Legătura care se face între personajul din
romanul lui Bram Stoker şi domnitorul Vlad Tepeş - Dracula este sugerată chiar de către
autor, care consemnează: ǁ… a fost într-adevăr acel voievod Dracula care şi-a dobândit
numele împotrivindu-se duşmanilor peste marele fluviu chiar de la frontiera cu Turciaǁ. Bram
Stoker crede ca acesta nu a fost un om obişnuit „căci de-a lungul secolelor s-a vorbit de el ca
de cel mai iscusit, cel mai viclean, dar şi cel mai viteaz dintre fiii ţării de dincolo de pădure,
spiritul lui ager şi voinţa lui de fier au intrat cu el în mormânt şi luptă şi acumǁ. Aici autorul face
legătura cu credinţa legată de strigoi, a căror existenţă, imaginată de credinţele populare, nu
se sfârşeşte odată cu generaţia din care provine: „Ne-morţii (adică strigoii, vampirii) suferă de
blestemul nemuririi, spune Bram Stoker, trec dintr-o epocă în alta
înmulţindu-şi victimele, sporind relele lumii …ǁ.
Castelul Bran este asociat cu Dracula, deci şi cu Vlad, cel care a inspirat povestea lui Bram
Stoker. Şi astăzi, la Bran totul este impregnat cu Ţepeş/Dracula. În realitate, se pare că Vlad n-a
locuit niciodată acolo.
51
The legend of Vlad Tepes
Dracula
The history of Vlad Tepes is still veiled in mystery and by the legend and the truth is that nobody
knows where the legend ends to make room for history. Being not only a historical, but also
literary and folkcloric character, the voivode was chosen by the writer Bram Stoker as the
main hero of his novel, which appeared in 1897. Since then, Dracula and Transylvania, the
land that houses the mysterious castle filled with ghosts and vampire somewhere in the dark
woods, became the subject of over 750 films, documentaries or short stories or novels inspired by
the novel of the Irish writer.
According to history, Vlad Tepes (b. November / December 1431 - d. December 1476), also
known as Vlad Dracula ( or Dracula, by foreigners), ruled Romanian Country in the years of 1448,
1456-1462 and 1476.
Convinced that only a strong rule inside the country could provide order and could help him
organizing successfully the defence from the external
dangers, Vlad Tepes adopted an
authoritarian rule, and he requires honesty and diligence to his people as virtues; dishonesty
(theft) ,laziness and cunning were punished harshly by impaling, a really cruel punishment,
but which may be understood only in relation with the times in which he lived, an era of
great cruelty, which has seen also other punishments, just as harsh as that one, such as burning
at the stake, or hanging. As a result of his drastic measures, Vlad Tepe managed to establish
order in the country, "unknown of mercy and compassion,, - the historian ADXenopol says - ,,he
put his terrible way of being in the service of his country after he cleaned it from the inner ill, he
withstand the abasement the country had fallen in. "
There are many stories and anecdotes that capture the philosophy of Vlad Tepes. Being sure of
the effectiveness of its laws,the ruler has left a golden cup at sight , in the central square from
Targoviste. The cup could be used by thirsty travelers, but it must remain in the central square.
According to historical sources, during his reign, the cup was never stolen and remained almost
unused. He was also concerned that all the inhabitants of the land to work and be
productive to the community. He looked the sick ones, strays and beggars as robbers. As a
result, the legend says that one day, all homeless and sick people from Romanian country were
invited to the Royal Court from Targoviste to feast. After the guests ate and drank, he asked if
52
they would never want to be poor. After receiving a positive response, he ordered the room to be
closed and burned . Nobody survived.
So, why did they tell him ―Tepesǁ? It`s a nickname Tepes is a name or a terrible nickname because it
comes from the word spear. To understand why he was said so , you need to know this: after the reign
of the good and wise Mircea the Old, the followers were some weaker voivodes or malicious people. In
the country was more disorder than never. It had arisen many liars, many thieves, betrayers,
murderers and other criminals. It was hard to live, because these thieves and murderers only pranks,
trouble and bad things committed; and the country went to seed.
Once he became reigning, voivode Vlad decided to act terrific : any robbery, anything wrong or
crime was punished by impaling. Find that one is lazy?He invited him to be impaled. Did he
catch a thief? Impaled with him. It arose some traitor? Spear knew his name. What to say
about killers? That still impaled gave their spirit.
The word went out into the wide world of voivode Vlad's punishment. And so they called him
―Tepesǁ.
Are you now afraid, hearing of a ruler so rough? Of course not: because the voivode Vlad was
harsh, very harsh, but fair. He hate the villains and loved the good ones and the honest,
hardworking and householders. He was on the side of those who defended the country with
dignity. In his time, honesty and good order reigned in the country. So that, if you left a bag full
of money, at a crossroads, nobody touched it. But it is said that once came a merchant to him
and complained: ―My lord, thieves stole my purse!ǁ, "Thives? There are thieves anymore?"the
voivode asked angrily. "It is obvious that there are, my lord.ǁ "And how much money you had in
that bag?" Vlad asked. "One hundred gold coins, confessed the merchant. One hundred in
head!" I am sorry that there are still robbers in my country. But here's what I command you: go
to the inn and wait three days. Then come again to me. In the meantime my people will catch
the thief, of course. If they do not catch him , I'll give you back the money from the treasury of
the country. Merchant left rubbing his hands with joy that he could get his money back. But Vlad
did not like how that merchant looked like: His kind words smelled like a lie. Therefore he
thought to put him to a test. On the third
53
day, when the merchant came to ask for the stolen money, Vlad gave him a bag:
―That`s it?ǁ , ―A…Yes sir, this is itǁ his eyes sparkled and he was so happy that he saw the
gold. ―Count and tell me if there are all money in thereǁ said Vlad to him watching him
unremitting. The merchant counted the money very fast. When he finished, Vlad asked himǁ
All the money are in the bag, right?ǁ ―Yes, all of them, no one is missingǁ the merchant
said. Then Vlad asked him for the bag
―Give it to me, I want to count it by myselfǁ The merchant did not want. But Vlad did the way
he liked and then said ―You told me one hundred….here are one hundred plus one…why
did you lie to me? Why did you try to steal from me? You are also a thief and a liar. I found out
that no bag of money was stolen from you because you`re not even a merchant and you
never had a bag full of one hundred golds. You are a thief and you tried to steal from meǁ .
So the so called merchant was so scared right then. Did Vlad punished him? Guess how? you
are right…..impaled.
Bram Stoker believes this was not an ordinary man "because for centuries it has been said that
the most skilful, the most cunning but also the most valiant of the sons of the country
beyond the forest, his keen spirit and will of iron entered into his grave and fight with him
even now ". Here the author makes conection with the faith related to ghosts, whose
existence, imagined by popular belief, does not end with the generation from which it comes:
―The undead (as ghosts, vampires) suffer from the curse of immortality, says Bram Stoker,
they pass out from an era to another era by multiplying their victims, increasing the evils of
the world ...".
Bran Castle is associated with Dracula, and also with Vlad, the one who inspired Bram
Stoker's story. Today, at the Bran castle, everything is impregnated with Dracula. In fact, it
seems that Vlad never lived there. So all could easy be find as unknown.
54
Legenda Meşterului Manole
The Legend of the Craftsman Manole
55
Legenda Meşterului Manole
Negru Voda (Radu cel Negru) a vrut să construiască o frumoasă mănăstire în
ţară, iar gândul lui a fost ca aceasta să nu fie ca niciuna alta, aşa că l-a luat pe
Meşterul Manole drept constructor, care era cel mai bun constructor din acea
vreme împreună cu echipa sa de 9 alţi oameni.
Într-o zi, în timp ce căutau un loc bun pentru construcţie, în lungul râului Argeş,
aceştia au întâlnit un păstor care le-a spus despre ruinele unei vechi mănăstiri
în susul râului. Aşa că au mers acolo şi s-au apucat de treabă. În timpul
construcţiei, toţi pereţii ce îi înălţau aceştia, pe timpul nopţii se prăbuşeau. Din cauza
faptului că nu progresau, voievodul a ameninţat că îi va ucide atât pe Manole, cât şi
pe coechipierii acestuia.
Disperat de ameninţările voievodului, într-o noapte, Manole a avut un vis în care i
s-a spus că pentru a avea succes în construcţia mănăstirii vor trebui să încorporeze
în pereţii acesteia o persoană apropiată lui sau coechipierilor lui. El le-a spus
muncitorilor despre al său vis, iar aceştia au căzut de acord că vor sacrifica
prima soţie ce va veni cu micul dejun pentru soţul ei ziua următoare, iar aceea va fi
ziua în care piesa lor de artă va fi gata şi va putea dura.
În ziua următoare, Manole a privit peste dealuri şi trist îşi vede soţia (ce era
însărcinată), venind din zare cu micul dejun. S-a rugat la Dumnezeu să fie furtună
să o oprească pe ea din drum şi s-o trimită acasă. Dar iubirea ei era mai puternică
decât orice furtună şi a ajuns aproape de soţul ei ţinându-şi drumul. S- a rugat din
nou să înceapă să ningă ca ea să nu-l poată ajunge, însă nimic nu o putea opri.
Când a ajuns, Manole cu ochii înlăcrimaţi, i-a spus că vor să joace un mic joc, să
construiască o figură în pereţi cu ajutorul corpului ei, să o zidească. La început, a
acceptat bucuroasă, dar mai târziu ea şi-a dat seama că nu era vorba despre
niciun joc şi l-a rugat pe Manole să o elibereze. Dar el trebuia să îşi ţină promisiunea,
cu inima frântă şi-a continuat treaba şi a terminat construcţia. Şi aşa a fost
construită frumoasa mănăstire.
56
Când mănăstirea a fost complet terminată, voievodul i-a luat pe muncitori şi i-a
întrebat dacă vor mai putea vreodată să facă o altă clădire la fel sau mai
frumoasă. Manole şi coechipierii săi i-au spus voievodului că vor fi capabili să
facă o clădire chiar mult mai frumoasă ca aceea. Auzind acestea şi temându-se că
ei vor construi o mănăstire mai frumoasă şi mai mare pentru altcineva, voievodul i-a
închis pe acoperişul clădirii pentru a-i lăsa să piară şi niciodată să nu mai poată
construi nimic care să se potrivească mănăstirii aceleia. Ei şi-au construit aripi din
lemn pentru a putea zbura de pe acoperiş. Dar, unul câte unul, cădeau pe pământ
Un izvor de cristal cu apa limpede, numit după Manole, marchează locul în care
însuşi Manole a căzut atunci când i s-au rupt aripile de lemn.
The Legend of the Craftsman Manole
Prince Negru Voda (Radu cel Negru) wanted to build a beautiful monastery in the
country, and his tought was to be like no other, so he took Master Manole as a
constructor who was the best mason of those times, along with his crew of 9 other
men.
One day as they searched the country for a fine place for the construction, along
Arges river, they found a shepherd who told them about an old monastery’s
ruins up-river. So they went there and started working. During the construction, all
the walls of the monastery that they rose up by day, were crumbling by night.
Because they did not progress at all, the Prince threatened to kill Manole and his
workers.
Desperate about the prince threat, one night Manole had a dream in which he was
told that, in order to succeed finishing the monastery, they had to embody into the
walls a closed person of him or of his workers. He told his workers about
57
his dream, and they agreed that they will sacrifice the first wife who would come
there with lunch for her husband the following day. The one who came should be the
one to be embeded into the walls of the monastery so that their piece art would
be done and could last.
The next day, Manole looked over the hills and sadly saw his wife, Ana (who was
pregnant), coming from afar with the lunch. He prayed to God to start a thunderstorm
to stop her so that she went back home. But her love was stronger than any storm
and she managed to walk and she kept going, getting closer to her husband. He
prayed again to start snowing so that she couldn’t get to him, but nothing could
stop her. When she arrived, Manole with tears in his eyes , told her that they wanted
to play a little game, to build some kind of figure with the help of her body in the
walls. At the beginning she accepted happily, but she soon realized that this was
no game and she will be embeded in the walls of that monastery and implored
Manole to let her go. But he had to keep his promise, and with his heart broken he
continued his work and finished the monastery. And that was how the beautiful
monastery was built.
When the monastery was finally finished, the Prince took the builders aside and
asked them if they could ever make a similar building or another one more beautiful
than this. Manole and his workers told the Prince that they will be able to build
anytime an even greater building. Hearing that and fearing they will build a bigger
and more beautiful building for someone else, the Prince locked them all on the
roof of the building so that they would perish and never build something of that
greatness. They made some wooden wings and tried to fly off the roof. But, one by
one, they all fell off the ground.
A spring of crystal clear water, named after Manole, marks the place where
Manole himself fell off when his wooden wings broke.
58
Iulia Haşdeu –
o poveste cutremurătoare despre viaţă şi moarte
Iulia Haşdeu
–
a shocking story about life and death
59
Iulia Haşdeu –
o poveste cutremurătoare despre viaţă şi moarte
Un copil... Iulia Haşdeu. Un copil de geniu... Un tată... Bogdan Petriceicu Haşdeu academician, enciclopedist, jurist, lingvist, folclorist, publicist, istoric şi om politic,
una dintre cele mai mari personalităţi ale culturii române din toate timpurile. Un
tată care a iubit prea mult, dincolo de puterea raţiunii şi a cunoaşterii, îndrăznind
să înfrunte un destin care a luat de lângă el cea mai preţioasă comoară a sa:
Iulia Haşdeu. O legătură spirituală care învinge moartea... şi care încearcă să ne
demonstreze că dincolo de ea există viaţă, suflete care îşi acceptă soarta.
Destinul Iuliei nu a fost să fie însă unul obişnuit, iar personalitatea sa deloc
obişnuită, ci extraordinară. Iulia avea în ea suflul geniului, iar mintea sa era cu
adevărat sclipitoare. Cum ai putea să spui altfel despre un copil care la vârsta de 2
ani şi jumătate se familiariza cu alfabetul, care la 4 ani ştia să aşeze cuvintele
pe foaie şi nu doar în limba română, ci şi în franceză şi germană, care la 8 ani
absolvea şcoala primară şi în scurt timp debuta şi literar, la 11 ani absolvea
gimnaziul Sf. Sava şi urma concomitent cursurile conservatorului muzical din
Bucureşti, la 16 ani, lucru cu adevărat extraordinar pentru acea perioada,
păşeşte pe tărâmurile Franţei ca studentă a celebrei universităţi din Sorbona,
unde uimeşte cu talentul şi inteligenţa sa?
Se spune chiar că Alexandru Macedonski, venit în vizită în casa lui B.P. Haşdeu, a
rămas uimit de inteligenţa, memoria şi precocitatea copilei. Văzând fetiţa, pe
atunci în vârstă de numai 4 ani, poetul a întrebat-o amical dacă ştie versuri, iar
fetiţa, curajoasă, nu i-a răspuns, ci l-a întrebat la rândul său: “Dar tu?”. Poetul i-a
recitat atunci una din poeziile sale, pe care micuţa Iulia a ascultat- o cu atenţie, după
care a plecat într-o altă cameră. S-a întors în scurt timp şi a
60
recitat poetului, cuvânt cu cuvânt, poezia pe care o auzise cu puţin timp înainte,
pentru prima oară.
Plecată la Paris împreună cu mama sa, în 1886, Iulia se înscrie la Facultatea de
Litere a Universităţii Sorbona din Paris. Îşi stabileşte chiar şi tema lucrării de
doctorat, pe care plănuia să o susţină la vârsta de 20 de ani, şi anume "Filosofia
populară la ţara noastră".
Curând însă un destin necruţător avea să îl despartă pe B.P. Haşdeu de fiica sa.
La începutul anului 1888, sănătatea Iuliei este marcată de cele dintâi semne ale
unei necruţătoare boli, ftizia - tuberculoză pulmonară. Supărat, cărturarul va
începe o goană nebună în sudul Franţei, în Italia şi în Elveţia, ducându-şi fiica
la aer curat, pentru a o salva. Toate încercările sale sunt zadarnice. În vara anului
1888, Haşdeu îşi aduce fiica bolnavă înapoi în ţară. După o scurtă perioadă în
care i-a vizitat pe toţi doctorii Capitalei, Iulia Haşdeu este dusă la Mănăstirea
Agapia.
În luna august a aceluiaşi an, nefericitul tată îşi aduce copila acasă, ultimele
speranţe ale acestuia îndreptându-se către divinitate, după cum nota el însuşi: "Se
milostiveşte, oare, Dumnezeu? Ce este fără putinţă la Atoate Creatorul? Fie şi o
minune." Dar minunea pe care o aştepta Haşdeu nu soseşte, iar pe 29 septembrie
1889, în vârstă de abia 19 ani, Iulia se stinge din viaţă.
După dispariţia prematură a preaiubitei sale fiice, marele cărturar îşi va canaliza
întreaga energie într-o exclusivă direcţie: spiritismul. Ani buni după moartea Iuliei, cei
doi, tatăl şi fiica, se vor întâlni regulat în Castelul de la Câmpina, în timpul şedinţelor
de spiritism. De altfel, chiar şi acest castel construit de Haşdeu, gândit ca un templu
închinat fiicei sale, a fost înălţat întocmai după planurile transmise de Iulia din
lumea de dincolo, spune legenda. O însemnare a cărturarului pe un manuscris
spiritist, scrisă cu cerneală neagră şi păstrată nealterată peste timp, stă depoziţie
acestui fapt: "Acest castel s-a zidit între anii 1894 şi 1896, planul fiind dat de
spiritul Iuliei B.P. Haşdeu prin medium B.P. Haşdeu, apoi desemnat arhitectonic
de T. Dobrescu, construcţiunea de N. Angelescu".
61
După construirea castelului, B.P. Haşdeu îşi părăseşte imobilul din Bucureşti şi se
stabileşte la Câmpina, petrecându-şi marea majoritate a timpului încercând să
comunice cu Iulia. Viaţa socială şi creaţia sa intră în declin. De altfel, savantul
afirma că spiritul fiicei sale l-ar fi ajutat să ia legătura şi cu alte spirite, cum ar fi
cel al fratelui său, Nicolae, sau chiar cu acela al tatălui său. Mai mult decât atât,
B.P. Haşdeu explica în prologul cărţii sale despre spiritism, "Sic cogito", că această
lucrare i-a fost dictată chiar de către fiica sa, în urma contactului cu spiritul ei.
Ipostaza de medium îl epuizează pe marele cărturar, el fiind nevoit să continue
convorbirea cu fiica sa prin intermediul altor persoane recunoscute a avea calităţi
de medium. Un original pas în această direcţie este cavoul pe care i-l construieşte
la cimitirul Belu. Iată o descriere uimitoare a lui, făcută în 1939: "Şi totuşi, iat-o!
Iulia Haşdeu e între noi. Pământul i-a păstrat trupul imaculat şi după moarte.
Niciun vierme n-a profanat crinul. Prin geamul vrăjit din mausoleu, prin care
Haşdeu îşi vedea zilnic copila îmbalsămată, stând acolo ceasuri întregi, la biroul ei,
cu relicvele ei scumpe şi convorbind cu ea într-o limbă înţeleasă numai de dânsul,
Iulia Haşdeu se vede astăzi aşa cum a fost acum cincizeci de ani. Stă acolo în
sarcofagul ei alb, cu acoperiş de cristal, în haina albă, cu chipul alb, pergamentat."
(C. Manolache - Scânteietoarea viaţă a Iuliei Haşdeu).
Astfel, şedinţele de spiritism ale lui Haşdeu găsesc adepţi, mai ales printre
intelectualii vremii. Chiar pictorul Nicolae Grigorescu, care a locuit în ultimii ani ai
vieţii destul de aproape de castel, participa la şedinţe.
Încă din timpul vieţii, Iulia fusese considerată un copil-minune, o apariţie
fenomenală. Moartea nu a făcut decât să-i perfecteze nimbul de genialitate şi să
făurească din inteligenţa ei un mit. Pentru tatăl distrus, Iulia dispăruse numai
fizic, în vreme ce spiritul ei dăinuia intact în întreaga lui unitate. Ajungând la
paroxismul suferinţei, Haşdeu era pe punctul de a-şi pierde judecata.
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Iulia Haşdeu –
a shocking story about life and death
A child…. Iulia Haşdeu. A child of a genius…. Father… Bogdan Petriceicu Haşdeu
academician, encyclopedist, lawyer, linguist, folklorist,
journalist, historian and
politician, one of the greatest personalities of Romanian culture of all time. A father
who loved too much, beyond the power of reason and knowledge, daring to confront
a destiny which took from him the most precious treasure: Iulia Haşdeu. A
spiritual connection which defeats death and tries to show us that beyond death
there is life, souls who accept their faith.
Iulia`s faith wasn`t meant to be an usual one, and her personality wasn`t usual at
all, it was extraordinary. Iulia had the soul of a genius, and her mind was truly
brilliant. How otherwise can you say about a child who at the age of 2 years and a
half, almost knew the alphabet, who at the age of 4 knew how to put words on paper
and not only in Romanian language, but also in French and German, a child who at
the age of 8 graduated the Primary school and in short time she debuted literary,
at the age of 11 she graduated the Lower Secondary School at Saint Sava and
meantim she also attended the musical courses in Bucharest at the Conservatory
school, at the age of 16, a thing truly extraordinary for that time, she went to France
as a student at the famous Sorbonne University, where with her talent and
intelligence she surprised everyone?
The legend says that even Alexandru Macedonski, a poet, came in visit at
B.P. Haşdeu and was amazed by the intelligence and the capacity of the little
girl. Seeing the girl, who was only 4 years old, the poet asked her if she knows
lyrics, and the girl, very brave, didn`t answer, but asked him in return: “But do you
know?”. The poet, then recited one of his poems that little Iulia listened carefully,
then she went into another room. She returned in short time and recited to the
63
poet, word by word, the poetry that she listened from him few minutes ago for the first
time.
While she was in Paris with her mother in 1886, Julia joined the Faculty of Letters of
the University of Paris Sorbonne. She even sets the doctoral thesis topic, which
planned to present at the age of 20 years, the thesis name was “Popular
philosophy in our country”.
Soon, a cruel destiny had to separate B.P. Haşdeu of his daughter. At the beginning
of 1888 Iulia's health is marked by the first signs of a ruthless disease, phthisis pulmonary tuberculosis. Upset, her father, began a maddly rush in the south of
France, Italy and Switzerland, bringing his daughter to fresh air, to save her. All his
attempts were in vain. In the summer of 1888 Haşdeu brought his sick daughter
back home. After a short time, when he already visited all the doctors from the
capital, Iulia was taken to Agapia monastery.
In August of the same year, the unfortunate father brought his child home and his
last hopes moved towards divinity, as noted by himself. "Can I say that God have
mercy?, What is unalterably at the Creator? May be a miracle." But the miracle
that Haşdeu waited for did not arrive, and on September 29, 1889, at only 19 years
old, Iulia passed away.
After
the
premature
disappearance
of
his
beloved
daughter,
the
great
academician will focus all his energy in an exclusive direction: spiritualism. Many
years after the death of Iulia, both father and daughter will often meet in the
castle from Câmpina during the spiritist meetings. Moreover, even this castle built by
Haşdeu, thought as a temple to his daughter, was built just after the plans
submitted by Iulia from the afterlife, like the legend says. A note of the scholar on a
spiritualist manuscript, written in black ink and kept unaltered over time, stands
testimony to this fact: "This castle was built between 1894 and 1896, the plan
was given by Julia B.P.Haşdeu spirit through the medium B.P.Haşdeu then
architectural appointed by T. Dobrescu, construction by N. Angelescu".
After building the castle, B. P. Haşdeu leaves his house from Bucharest and
establishes himself at Câmpina, spending most of his time trying to
64
communicate with Iulia. Social life and creation starts to fail step by step.
Furthermore, the scientist said that the spirit of his daughter helped him to make
contact with other spirits, such as his brother, Nicolae, or even that of his father.
Even more, B. P. Haşdeu explains in the prologue to his book about spiritualism,
"Sic cogito" that this work was dictated by his daughter, through the contact with her
spirit. The stance as a medium exhausted him, he was forced to continue the
conversation with his daughter through other persons known to have psychic
qualities. A step in this direction is the original tomb in the cemetery which he
built in Belu. Here's an amazing description, taken in 1939: "And yet, here she is!
Iulia Haşdeu is between us. Ground has kept her body immaculate even after
death. No worm never profaned the lily. The enchanted glass of mausoleum by
which Haşdeu saw his embalmed child daily, standing there for hours at her desk
with her precious relics and talk to her in a language understood only by him,
Iulia Haşdeu can be seen today as it was fifty years ago. She sits there in her
white coffin with crystal roof in white clothes, with her white face, parchment." (C.
Manolache - The sparkling life of Iulia Haşdeu).
Thus, the spiritualistic sessions of Haşdeu found adepts, especially among
intellectuals of that time. Even the painter Nicolae Grigorescu, who lived the last
years of his life quite close to the castle, attended the meetings.
Even during the life, Iulia was considered a miracle-child, a phenomenal
appearance. Death has not made nothing but to improve her genius halo and to
shape from her intelligence a mith. For the broken father, Iulia was gone only
physically, while her spirit lasted intact in his entire unit. Reaching the paroxysm of
suffering, Haşdeu was about to lose his judgment.
65
BÖLÜM 4
CHAPTER 4 1
66
İçindekiler
BÖLÜM 4 ..................................................................................................................................................... 66
CHAPTER 4 1 ............................................................................................................................................... 66
Stereotypical Book of Local Stories ........................................................................................................ 68
LegendoftheDevilandCastleHill ........................................................................................................... 69
LegendaoDiableiGórzeZamkowej ....................................................................................................... 70
TheLegend ofPoznan St. Martin Croissants ........................................................................................... 72
Legenda o rogalach świętomarcińskich ................................................................................................. 73
TheLegendofthefoundationofPoznan ................................................................................................. 75
Legenda o założeniu Poznania............................................................................................................... 77
LegendofthePoznanBillyGoats ............................................................................................................ 80
Legenda o koziołkach z ratuszowej wieży ............................................................................................... 81
67
Zespół Szkół Gimnazjalno-Licealnych
Licealnych
in Poznan
Stereotypical Book of Local Stories
Breaking stereotypes for a more active
European citizenship 2014-2016
2014
68
Legend of the Devil and Castle Hill
I
t was a very long time ago in the time when Poznan was just
a settlement on the banks of the Warta River. The inhabitants
of Poznan were already pious and practicing Christians. This,
of course, did not appeal to Lucifer. One day Lucifer came up with
a devilish idea. He called his demons and commanded
them to sink the city! How? Well, demons had to, under
cover of the night, lift up a hill situated near Gniezno
and throw it straight into the Warta River. In this way
the dammed river would overflow and its water flood
into the city.
Only that night was really dark, and the demons were not sure that they
would be able to throw the mountain into the middle of river bed. So they
asked for help from the demon Boruta who could strike from his hoofs
such lightning that the city would be such bright light as the day! But
their plan failed.
The sudden brightness woke up the Poznan roosters, which began their
“morning” crowing. Because of these sounds the demons scared so much
that they abandoned the hill, which fell
just by the side of the Poznan settlement.
In this way arose the hill which kings and
princes used as their fortress. They began
the construction of a ducal castle, later
finished named Przemysl Castle.
69
LegendaoDiableiGórzeZamkowej
D
ziało się to dawno, bardzo dawno temu, kiedy na ziemiach
polskich dopiero zaczynała się szerzyć wiara chrześcijańska. Na
Ostrowie Tumskim stała już wtedy katedra, matka polskich
kościołów. Na drugim brzegu Warty, zaczynało rozkwitać nowe
miasto - Poznań. Nie podobało się to bardzo siłom
nieczystym, tak dalece, że postanowili sprawę ukrócić i
zdusić w zarodku. Na zebraniu diabelskim uradzono, że
największe piekielne osiłki polecą ciemną nocą nad
Gniezno, porwą stamtąd wysoką górę i wrzucą ją w
nurty Warty. Wody rzeki spiętrzą się i zaleją katedrę na
Ostrowie Tumskim i rozbudowujący się Poznań.
Na dowódcę tego przedsięwzięcia wyznaczono diabła Borutę, który poczuł
się bardzo odpowiedzialny za powodzenie całej misji. I rzeczywiście pod
osłoną nocy porwały diabełki jedno z kilku wzgórz w okolicach Gniezna i
przyleciały nad Poznań. Teraz należało tylko dobrze wycelować i zrzucić
górę do Warty. Boruta chcąc pomóc swym braciom, skrzesał ognia, aby
lepiej było widać rzekę. Wtedy jednak zrobiło się jasno jak w dzień i zaczęły
piać koguty, a na ten odgłos diabły uciekają gdzie pieprz rośnie! Porzuciły
więc w panice górę, która upadła w okolicy nowego miasta, a kiedy
mieszkańcy rankiem wyszli ze swoich domów
ujrzeli na granicy miasta nową górę. Nikt nie
potrafił wytłumaczyć skąd ona się tu wzięła,
ale
postanowiono
włączyć
ją
w
system
obronny miasta, a na jej szczycie wybudowano
zamek
królewski.
70
Licealnych
in Poznan
2014
71
The Legend of Poznan St. Martin Croissants
St. Martin was a Roman soldier. One day, while
entering Amiens with the army, he noticed a beggar
dressed in rags by the city gate. He cut his soldier’s
cape – his entire fortune – in two with his sword and
gave half to the stranger. The curate of St. Martin’s
Church in Poznan retells this story every year before
the parish fair gets underway.
In 1891, a baker named Walenty heard the story
and decided to do something good deed like St.
Martin. On the night before the fair, he heard
the clatter of horses’ hooves on the road outside.
He looked out the doorway a saw a knight in
shining old-fashioned armour on a grey horse
and a horseshoe lying in the snow. This encounter inspired him to bake a
horseshoe-shaped pastry with a poppy seed filling. Next morning after
solemn mass, he handed out his pastries to the poor. Everybody was so
taken by Walenty’s idea that these “croissants” have since come to be
known, were baked every year. When
he died, other bakers took up the
tradition and guarded the recipe for the
filling. Croissants are made of white
poppy seeds, nuts, dried fruits and
cream. They are only baked here in
Poznan and only on 11th November.
72
Legenda o rogalach świętomarcińskich
Ś
więty Marcin był rzymskim żołnierzem. Pewnego
dnia
kiedy
zobaczył
przy
bramie
miasta
zmarzniętego żebraka. Była zima, na dworze tęgi
mróz, a ów człowiek odziany był w liche łachmany.
Żal się zrobiło Marcinowi żebraka, odciął więc mieczem
połowę swojego żołnierskiego płaszcza – cały swój majątek
i podarował go nieznajomemu człowiekowi.
Tą
historię
każdego
roku
powtarzał
proboszcz
w
poznańskim kościele pw. św. Marcina przed parafialnym odpustem. W 1891
r. usłyszał ją piekarz Walenty i postanowił uczynić coś równie dobrego jak
święty Marcin. Nie przychodził mu jednak do głowy
żaden pomysł. Nie był żołnierzem, nie miał ani konia,
ani żołnierskiego płaszcza. Zaczął więc modlić się do
świętego Marcina o pomoc. I tak w nocy w przeddzień
odpustu usłyszał na gościńcu stukot końskich kopyt.
Wyjrzał za próg i zobaczył rycerza w lśniącej,
starodawnej zbroi, na siwym koniu. Tajemniczy jeździec nie odezwał się
słowem, spojrzał tylko na Walentego uśmiechnął się i odjechał. Kiedy piekarz
oprzytomniał po dziwnym spotkaniu, zobaczył leżącą na śniegu podkowę.
Tak! Teraz już wiedział co ma robić. Przez całą noc napiekł ciasteczek z
nadzieniem makowym i bakaliami, uformowanych na kształt końskiej
podkowy. Rankiem po mszy rozdał wszystkie
ciasteczka
biednym.
Walentego
tak
Pomysł
bardzo
piekarza
wszystkim
się
spodobał, że rogale, bo tak z czasem zaczęto
je nazywać, wypiekał co roku. Po jego śmierci
tradycję przejęli inni piekarze, zachowując
ten
sam
przepis
na
nadzienie.
73
Licealnych
in Poznan
2014
74
TheLegendofthefoundationofPoznan
I
n ancient times three brothers lived in the land of Poland - Lech,
Czech and Rus. Once they decided each of them would go his own
way to find new lands to found new settlements. Before departing
they promised to meet again when they founded their new settlements.
And so they did. Lech, Czech and Rus parted, and each went his own way.
Lech and his team struggled
through
the impenetrable wild forest, and finally he
reached a clearing in the woods by the lake.
In the middle of the clearing there grew an
old oak. It seemed as if its branches reached
the sky; it was so
extensive that the whole team could rest in its
shadow. When the knights pitched their camp
by the tree and the fire was lit, they heard the
flapping of wings and a large, silver-feather
eagle flew up. Only then did they notice a
massive nest with the young eaglets inside
between the tree branches.
75
Faced with such an obvious sign, Lech decided to establish his town
there. He ordered to cut the trees growing nearby and to make of them a
palace, cottages for his fellow knights and a bulwark that would protect
the inhabitants of the town. The settlement was named Gniezdno (from
the Polish name "gniazdo" meaning "a nest") and Lech chose a white
eagle as his emblem as a prince. His new town would become the first
capital city of Poland.
The years passed and one autumn he went hunting in order to prepare
the provisions for the approaching winter. The hunting went very well;
the knights were returning to their homes with carts full of game.
Suddenly they heard the sound of the horn and the clatter of horses'
hooves in the forest. Who else may be hunting in the prince's forests?
Lech's team lined up in battle array, with bows ready to shoot. A group of
unknown warriors rode into the clearing. The strangers looked menacing,
they were bearded and armed.
Lech's team grasped their arms when the prince shouted happily: ‘I
recognize you! I do! Czech! Rus! My beloved brothers!’ – The joy exploded.
The fires were lit by the river, the camp was made and the brothers spun
their tales long at night. To celebrate this remarkable reunion, it was
decided to found a town in this place and call it ‘Poznań’ (from the Polish
word "poznać" meaning "to meet").
76
Legenda o założeniu Poznania
W
pradawnych czasach na szerokim stepie żył potężny lud, na
jego czele stało trzech braci: Lech, Czech i Rus. Postanowili,
że rozjadą się na różne strony, aby znaleźć miejsce na
wybudowanie nowych osad. Ustalili, że kiedy znajdą odpowiednie miejsca
spotkają się znowu. Jak postanowili tak
zrobili. Wyruszyli oni w świat.
Lech i
jego
drużyna
trafili
do
krainy
porośniętej gęstym lasem. Zmęczeni zsiedli
z koni i usiedli pod wielkim dębem. Ich
głośne rozmowy zaniepokoiły gnieżdżącą się
na drzewie rodzinę orłów. Spłoszony ptak wzbił
się wysoko nad polanę. Widok białego orła
szybującego na tle zaczerwienionego nieba tak
zachwycił Lecha i jego ludzi, iż postanowili w
tym właśnie miejscu założyć nowy gród, swoją
główną siedzibę. Nazwano ją Gniezdnem, od
orlego gniazda, a biały orzeł na czerwonym tle
stał się godłem nowego państwa – Polski.
77
Mijały lata. Pewnej jesieni wyruszył na łowy, aby przygotować zapasy na
nadciągającą zimę. Wyprawa udała się znakomicie, wojowie wracali do
swoich siedzib z wozami wyładowanymi zwierzyną. W pewnym momencie
usłyszeli w borze dźwięk rogu i tętent koni. Kto jeszcze może polować w
książęcych lasach? Drużyna Lecha ustawiła się w szyku bojowym,
z łukami gotowymi do strzału. Na polanę
wyjechała gromada nikomu
nieznanych wojowników. Przybysze wyglądali groźnie, brodaci, uzbrojeni.
Drużyna Lecha już chwyciła za broń, kiedy książę krzyknął radośnie:
„Poznaję! Poznaję! Czech! Rus! Bracia moi kochani!” - Zapanowała ogólna
radość. Rozpalono nad rzeką ogniska, rozłożono obozowiska i długo w noc
bracia toczyli opowieści. Aby uczcić to niezwykłe spotkanie po latach,
postanowiono w tym miejscu założyć gród i nazwać go Poznań.
78
Licealnych
in Poznan
2014
79
Legendof thePoznanBilly Goats
W
hen in 1551 the town hall in Poznan was rebuilt after the great
fire, it was decided to install a clock. This was to be
a celebratory occasion with a sumptuous feast to which several
eminent persons were invited. The main dish was to be roast
venison haunch and the preparation befell a master chef. A young kitchen
hand named Pietrek was responsible for watching over the roast.
A lot of exciting things were happening in the marketplace at that moment.
So much so that the boy took his eye off the roast for a second to watch what
was going on in the marketplace. Unfortunately, his absence dragged on...
and on.... and... the roast fell into the fire and was burnt to cinders.
The terrified as he was, the clever lad ran to a nearby meadow where the city
folk grazed their animals, made off with two billy goats and dragged them
into the town hall kitchen. The goats, sensing their
imminent demise, wrested themselves free of the boy
and fled to the tower. There, they started head butting
each other before the assembled crowd.
The spectacle so amused the mayor, voivode and
all the guests that Pietrek was pardoned and the
clockmaker
bidden
to
construct
a
special
mechanism to set the wooden goats in motion every
day. Ever since then, once the bugle sounds at the
stroke of noon, the assembled crowd has been
treated to the two head-butting billy goats every
day.
80
Legenda o koziołkach z ratuszowej wieży
W
roku 1551, kiedy przebudowywano poznański ratusz, miała się odbyć
wielka uczta z okazji zainstalowania na wieży nowego zegara. Nie
każde miasto było stać na taki wydatek, a że Poznań był wtedy
jednym z najbogatszych miast, rada miejska postanowiła hucznie
uczcić to ważne wydarzenie. Zaplanowano wydać wielką ucztę, na którą miały
zjechać do Poznania najważniejsze osobistości, nawet wojewoda z małżonką. Nic
więc dziwnego, że i potrawy serwowane na stoły także musiały być wyjątkowe.
Daniem wieczoru miał być udziec sarni, który przygotowywał mistrz kucharski
Mikołaj. Do obracania pieczeni na rożnie został wyznaczony mały kuchcik Pietrek.
Goście już zaczęli się zjeżdżać, na rynku robiło się coraz tłoczniej, tyle ciekawych
rzeczy do obejrzenia, w dodatku sam mistrz Bartłomiej opowiadał mu rano o
mechanizmie zegara, a tu trzeba siedzieć i pilnować pieczeni. W końcu Pietrek nie
wytrzymał i postanowił tylko na chwilkę zostawić pieczeń i chociaż raz spojrzeć na
zegar i na te wszystkie wspaniałości na poznańskim rynku. Przecież nie będzie go
tylko kilka minut. Niestety kuchcik zapomniał o pieczeni, która zsunęła się z
rusztu prosto w ogień i spaliła się na węgielek. Przerażony chłopiec nie stracił
głowy. Pobiegł ile sił w nogach na pobliską łąkę, gdzie
mieszkańcy miasta wypasali swoje zwierzęta., porwał
dwa koziołki i siłą zaciągnął je do ratuszowej kuchni.
Koziołki czując, że ich koniec jest bliski, w ogólnym
zamieszaniu wyrwały się chłopcu i uciekły na wieżę.
Tam na oczach zgromadzonej gawiedzi przestraszone
zaczęły się trykać rogami. Widok koziołków tak rozbawił
burmistrza, wojewodę i wszystkich gości, że darowali
Pietrkowi jego winę, a zegarmistrzowi polecili wykonanie
specjalnego mechanizmu, który uruchamiałby każdego
dnia zegarowe koziołki. Od tego czasu codziennie w samo
południe,
kiedy
trębacz
gra
hejnał
pokazują
zgromadzonej gawiedzi dwa trykające się koziołki.
81
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Legend of the Poznan Billy Goats - Break Stereotypes For A More

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