Plagiarism Presentation - Department of Chemical Engineering

Referencing and
Academic Integrity
www.plagiarism.org
www.plagiarism.org
Let’s check our academic integrity:
• I have cheated on an exam
• I combined some paragraphs from different
books in the theory section of my lab report. I did
give the reference.
• If I copied a few sentences from another paper. I
made sure I included the reference.
• If I used a figure from the literature in my thesis, I
gave the reference.
• I copied a few sections from a paper that I
previously wrote and I included the reference of
the original paper in the new paper.
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What is Citation?
A “citation” is the way you tell your readers that certain
material in your work came from another source. It also
gives your readers the information necessary to find that
source again, including:
• information about the author
• the title of the work
• the name and location of the company that published
your copy of the source
• the date your copy was published
• the page numbers of the material you are borrowing
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When do I need to cite?
Whenever you borrow words or ideas, you need to
acknowledge their source. The following situations almost
always require citation:
• Whenever you use quotes
• Whenever you paraphrase
• Whenever you use an idea that someone else has already
expressed
• Whenever you make specific reference to the work of
another
• Whenever someone else’s work has been critical in
developing your own ideas.
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Citation Styles
• Harvard (author-date) and Vancouver (authornumber) styles are most common. Each
journal or book may follow own style rules.
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Harvard Style
• In text: author’s name and publication date
• Bibliography is given alphabetically by author.
• Example:
– ‘A recent study shows that negative absolute
temperatures can be attained such that the
population of high energy states is higher than
that of low energy states (Braun et al., 2013).
Other writers have commented on this
extraordinary finding, most notably Carr (2013).
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Harvard Style
• In text: author’s name and publication date
• Bibliography is given alphabetically by author.
• Example:
‘A recent study shows that negative absolute temperatures can be
attained such that the population of high energy states is higher
than that of low energy states (Braun et al., 2013). Carr (2013) has
also commented on this extraordinary finding.
Bibliography:
Braun, S., Ronzheimer, JP, Schreiber, M., Hodgman, SS., Rom T.,
Bloch I. 2013. Negative Absolute Temperature for Motional
Degrees of Freedom, Science, 339 (6115) pp. 52-55
Carr L. 2013. Negative Temperatures?, Science, 339(6115), pp. 4243
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Vancouver Style
• In text: references are numbered consecutively in the order
in which they are first cited in the text.
• Bibliography is given by order of appearance in text.
• Example:
‘A recent study shows that negative absolute temperatures can be
attained such that the population of high energy states is higher
than that of low energy states [1]. Carr [2] has also commented on
this extraordinary finding.
Bibliography:
1. Braun S., Ronzheimer J.P., Schreiber M., Hodgman S.S., Rom T.,
Bloch I. Negative Absolute Temperature for Motional Degrees of
Freedom. Science. 2013; 339 (6115):52-55
2. Carr L. Negative Temperatures? Science. 2013; 339(6115):42-43
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Online resource
When citing an online source, your citation should contain the
following elements:
• the author or editor (if available),
• the title of the text (if different from the name of the website)
• the name of the website,
• the name of the site’s sponsor or associated institution or
organization,
• the date you accessed the site,
• the electronic address (URL).
• Example: NASA Spacelink System. 29 August 2009. A brief history of
rocketry[online]. Available from:
http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/history/rocket-history.txt [Accessed 2
September 2009]
Wikipedia is not a primary source
http://www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/integrity/pages/styles/
According to the Merriam-Webster OnLine
Dictionary, to “plagiarize” means
• to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of
another) as one's own
• to use (another's production) without
crediting the source
• to commit literary theft
• to present as new and original an idea or
product derived from an existing source.
Plagiarism involves both stealing someone else’s
work and lying about it afterward
www.plagiarism.org
All of the following are considered
plagiarism:
• turning in someone else’s work as your own
• copying words or ideas from someone else without
giving credit
• failing to put a quotation in quotation marks
• giving incorrect information about the source of a
quotation
• changing words but copying the sentence structure of a
source without giving credit
• copying so many words or ideas from a source that it
makes up the majority of your work, whether you give
credit or not
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Attention!
• Changing the words of an original source is
not sufficient to prevent plagiarism.
• If you have retained the essential idea of an
original source, and have not cited it, then no
matter how drastically you may have altered
its context or presentation, you have still
plagiarized.
•
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To paraphrase
• A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone else’s ideas.
• Changing a few words of the original sentences does
NOT make your writing a legitimate paraphrase.
• You must change both the words and the sentence
structure of the original, without changing the
content.
• Also, you should keep in mind that paraphrased
passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source, even though you are putting
them in your own words.
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6 Steps to Effective Paraphrasing
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning.
Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card.
Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later
how you envision using this material. At the top of the note card,
write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your
paraphrase.
Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your
version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new
form.
Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology
you have borrowed exactly from the source.
Record the source (including the page) on your note card so that
you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material
into your paper.
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Paraphrasing
The original passage:
Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they
overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final
manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to
limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Lester,
James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47.
A legitimate paraphrase:
In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material
down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is
essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47).
An acceptable summary:
Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation from sources to help
minimize the amount of quoted material in a research paper (Lester 46-47).
A plagiarized version:
Students often use too many direct quotations when they take notes, resulting in too
many of them in the final research paper. In fact, probably only about 10% of the final
copy should consist of directly quoted material. So it is important to limit the amount
of source material copied while taking notes.
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resour
ce/619/01/
Types of Plagiarism
I. SOURCES NOT CİTED
1. “The Ghost Writer”
The writer turns in another’s work, word-for-word, as his or her own.
2. “The Photocopy”
The writer copies significant portions of text straight from a single source, without
alteration.
3. “The Potluck Paper”
The writer tries to disguise plagiarism by copying from several different sources,
tweaking the sentences to make them fit together while retaining
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Types of Plagiarism
I. SOURCES NOT CİTED, CONTİNUED
4. “The Poor Disguise”
Although the writer has retained the essential content of the source, he or she has
altered the paper’s appearance slightly by changing key words and phrases.
5. “The Labor of Laziness”
The writer takes the time to paraphrase most of the paper from other sources and
make it all fit together, instead of spending the same effort on original work.
6. “The Self-Stealer”
The writer “borrows” generously from his or her previous work, violating policies
concerning the expectation of originality adopted by most academic institutions.
www.plagiarism.org
Types of Plagiarism
II. SOURCES CİTED (but still plagiarized!)
1.
“The Forgotten Footnote”
The writer mentions an author’s name for a source, but neglects to include specific
information on the location of the material referenced. This often masks other forms
of plagiarism by obscuring source locations.
2. “The Misinformer”
The writer provides inaccurate information regarding the sources, making it
impossible to find them.
3. “The Too-Perfect Paraphrase”
The writer properly cites a source, but neglects to put in quotation marks text that has
been copied word-for-word, or close to it. Although attributing the basic ideas to the
source, the writer is falsely claiming original presentation and interpretation of the
information.
www.plagiarism.org
Types of Plagiarism
II. SOURCES CİTED (but still plagiarized!)
4. “The Resourceful Citer”
The writer properly cites all sources, paraphrasing and using quotations
appropriately. The catch? The paper contains almost no original work! It
is sometimes difficult to spot this form of plagiarism because it looks like
any other well-researched document.
5. “The Perfect Crime”
In this case, the writer properly quotes and cites sources in some places,
but goes on to paraphrase other arguments from those sources without
citation. This way, the writer tries to pass off the paraphrased material as
his or her own analysis of the cited material.
www.plagiarism.org
AIChE – code of ethics
• Members of the American Institute of Chemical
Engineers shall uphold and advance the integrity,
honor and dignity of the engineering profession
by:
• Being honest and impartial and serving with
fidelity their employers, their clients, and the
public;
• Striving to increase the competence and prestige
of the engineering profession;
• Using their knowledge and skill for the
enhancement of human welfare.
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AIChE – code of ethics
To Achieve these Goals, Members shall:
• Perform professional services only in areas of
their competence.
• Build their professional reputations on the
merits of their services.
• Conduct themselves in a fair, honorable and
respectful manner.
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Who owns the data?
• As a general rule, if you write a thesis at a
University, the University owns the contents of
that thesis.
• This means you cannot use the data in the thesis
–
–
–
–
To file for a patent by yourself.
To start a company and make profit
To make personal profit from the results
Sell the data or share the data with companies that
would make profit
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Yükseköğretim kurumundan bir yarıyıl için
uzaklaştırma cezasını gerektiren disiplin
suçları
MADDE 7 - (1) Yükseköğretim kurumundan bir yarıyıl için uzaklaştırma
cezasını gerektiren eylemler şunlardır;
a) Yükseköğretim kurumu personeli ve öğrencilerini tehdit etmek,
b) Yükseköğretim kurumlarında işgal ve benzeri fiillerle yükseköğretim
kurumunun hizmetlerini engelleyici eylemlerde bulunmak,
c) Kurum personeli ve öğrencilerine fiili saldırıda bulunmak,
ç) Yükseköğretim kurumlarında hırsızlık yapmak,
d) Yükseköğretim kurumu bünyesinde mevcut bina, demirbaş eşya ve
benzeri malzemeyi tahrip etmek veya bilişim sistemine zarar vermek,
e) Sınavlarda kopya çekmek veya çektirmek,
f) Seminer, tez ve yayınlarında intihal yapmak.
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Bogazici Universitesi Etik Ilkeler
Etik İlkeler
Üniversitemizi oluşturan öğretim elemanları, öğrenciler, idari görevi olan öğretim üyeleri ve idari personele ilişkin,
yasalar ve yönetmeliklerin genellikle kapsamadığı ya da belirlemediği alanlarda uyulacak ilkelere tarafların bağlılığının
sağlanması amacıyla kurumumuzda varolan aşağıdaki ilkelerin korunması, pekiştirilmesi ve benimsenmesi
üniversitemizin işleyişi ve saygınlığı açısından yararlı olacaktır.
1-İnsan hak ve özgürlüklerine saygı gösterilmesi,
2- Din, dil, ırk, etnik köken, fikir, cinsiyet, cinsel yönelim, yaş, bedensel engel ve benzeri özellikler nedeniyle ayrımcılık ve
önyargıya yer vermeden hakça ve dürüst davranılması,
3- Üniversitede her konunun özgürce tartışılacağı bir ortamın yaratılması ve korunması,
4- Bilgilenme, bilgilendirme, öğrenim ve öğretim özgürlüğünün korunması,
5- Bilimin gelişme sürecinin herkes tarafından desteklenmesi,
6- Saydamlık ilkesi ile saklı kalması gereken bilginin korunması ilkesi arasında denge kurulması,
7- Üniversite içi bireyler ve birimler arası ilişkilerin her zaman karşılıklı saygı çerçevesinde tutulması,
8- Kurumsal kaynakların korunması, özenli, verimli ve etkili kullanımının sağlanması,
9- Karardan doğrudan ya da dolaylı etkilenenlerin karar verme sürecine katkılarının sağlanması,
10-Yapılan iş ve alınan kararlarda insanlığın yararı gözetilip sosyal sorumluluk bilinciyle davranılması,
11-Kişisel yetkinliğin geliştirilmesi; dürüstlük, güvenilirlik, hak ve sorumlulukların
bilinciyle davranılması,
12-Profesyonel yetkinliğin geliştirilmesi; görevin kendine özgü amaçlarına, kurum ve görevin saygınlığının korunmasına
uygun davranılması; işin yapılmasında kalite ve etkililik ilkelerinin benimsenmesi,
13-Bireysel gelişimin desteklenerek özendirilmesi; akademik liyakat, deneyim ve emeğe saygı gösterilmesi,
14-Çevreye karşı duyarlı, sorumlu ve hayvan haklarına saygılı davranılması,
15-Üniversitede yetkilerin akademik özerklik, özgürlük ve iyiniyet çerçevesinde kullanılması, sorumlulukların tam olarak
yerine getirilmesi; sözkonusu ilkelerin yöneticilerce kurum içi ve dışında korunması
ESASTIR
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Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Öğrenci Hak ve
Sorumlulukları
•
Sorumluluk:
Dersleri takip eder ve verilen sınavlara katılır. Ödev, rapor ve vb çalışmalarını zamanında teslim eder.
Notlarını ve akademik durumunu takip eder.
Akademik takvimi ve yönetmelikleri bilir, izler ve bunlara uyar.
Aşağıda belirtilen bilimsel intihal ve diğer akademik dürüstlük ilkelerine uyar:
•
•
•
•
•
Öğrenciler, tüm disiplinlerde her türlü akademik çalışmada değerlendirmenin sadece kendi
çalışmaları üzerinden yapılacağının, başkasının fikir, öneri ve görüşlerini kaynak göstermeden,
kısmen veya tümüyle kopyalamanın ve/veya çevirisinin suç olduğunun ve disiplin cezası alacağının
bilincindedir. (Yüksekögretim Kurumları Ögrenci Disiplin Yönetmeligi)
Basılmış veya basılmamış herhangi bir kaynak ( örneğin makale, kitap, rapor, başka bir öğrencinin
çalışması, Internet alıntısı vb.) kullanılması durumunda kaynak gösterir.
Başkası tarafından yapılmış ve/veya başkasına yaptırılmış olan çalışmayı kendi çalışması olarak
sunmaz.
Sınavlarda kopya çekmez.
Elektronik belgeler dahil hiçbir belgede tahrifat yapmaz.
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Plagiarism scandal
Correspondence
Nature 449, 658 (11 October 2007) | doi:10.1038/449658a; Published online 10 October 2007
Plagiarism? No, we're just borrowing better English
Ihsan Yilmaz1
Physics Department, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
Sir
The accusations made by arXiv that my colleagues and I have plagiarized the works of others, reported
in your News story 'Turkish physicists face accusations of plagiarism' (Nature 449, 8;
doi:10.1038/449008b 2007) are upsetting and unfair.
It's inappropriate to single out my colleagues and myself on this issue. For those of us whose mother
tongue is not English, using beautiful sentences from other studies on the same subject in our
introductions is not unusual. I imagine that if all articles from specialist fields of research were checked,
similarities with other texts and papers would easily be found. In my case, I aimed to cite all the
references from which I had sourced information, although I may have missed some of them.
Borrowing sentences in the part of a paper that simply helps to better introduce the problem should
not be seen as plagiarism. Even if our introductions are not entirely original, our results are — and these
are the most important part of any scientific paper.
In the current climate of 'publish or perish', we are under pressure to publish our findings along with an
introduction that reads well enough for the paper to be published and read, so that our research will be
noticed and inspire further work.
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